1.

Which of the following environmental law allows private rights to use a resource that is,
groundwater, by viewing it as an attachment to the land?
A. Easement Act

B. Indian Fisheries Act

C. Factories Act

D. Manufacturing Act

Ans: A
2. Which environmental law establishes two sets of penal offences whereby the government
can sue any person who uses dynamite or other explosive substance in any way (whether
coastal or inland) with intent to catch or destroy any fish or poisonous fish in order to kill?
A. Easement Act

B. Indian Fisheries Act

C. Factories Act

D. Coastal Regulation Zone Notification

Ans: B
3. Consider the following statement (s) related to the Coastal Regulation Zone Notification.
I. It puts regulations on various activities, including construction, are regulated.

II. It gives some protection to the backwaters and estuaries.

Code:

A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Both I & II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: C
GK Questions and Answers on the basic terminology of Geography
4. Consider the following statement (s) related to the Water (Prevention and Control of
Pollution) Act.
I. It provides for the protection of birds and animals and for all matters that are connected to it
whether it be their habitat or the waterhole or the forests that sustain them.

II. It aims to deal with waste arising from ships along the coastal areas within a specified radius.

Code:

A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Both I & II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: D
5. Which of the following environmental law empowers the central and state pollution
control boards to meet with grave emergencies of air pollution?
A. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Amendment Act

B. Environment (Protection) Act

C. Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules

D. Objective of Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules

Ans: A
6. Match the following
a. National Environmental Tribunal Act 1. 1995

b. Public Liability Insurance Act and Rules 2. 1991

c. National Environment Appellate Authority Act 3. 1997

d. Biomedical waste (Management and Handling) Rules

Code:

      a           b        c        d

A.    4          3        2        1

B.    4          1        3        2

C.    1          2        3        4

D.    1          4        3        2

Ans: C
GK Questions and Answers on Oceanography and Coral Bleaching
7. Consider the following statement (s) related to the Biological Diversity Act.
I. This has been laid down for the regulation of production and consumption of ozone depleting
substances.

II. It is an act to provide for the conservation of biological diversity, sustainable use of its
components, and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of biological
resources and knowledge associated with it.

Code:

A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Both I & II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: B
8. Which of the following act of environment and ecology is associated with 'law apply to
every municipal authority responsible for the collection, segregation, storage,
transportation, processing, and disposal of municipal solid wastes'?
A. Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules

B. Environment (Siting for Industrial Projects) Rules

C. Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules

D. Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules

Ans: A
9. Consider the following statement (s) related to the Public Liability Insurance Act and
Rules.
I. It was drawn up to provide for public liability insurance for the purpose of providing
immediate relief to the persons affected by accident while handling any hazardous substance.
II. This law puts regulations on various activities, including construction, are regulated. It gives
some protection to the backwaters and estuaries.

Code:

A. Only I

B. Only II

C. Both I & II

D. Neither I nor II

Ans: A
10. Which of the following is the oldest environmental law in India?
A. Wildlife Protection Act

B. River Board Act

C. Factories Act

D. Easement Act

Ans: D
In the above 10 GK Questions and Answers on the Indian legislations on Environment and
Ecology will concretise the knowledge of the readers.
Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Management of Forests”.

1. What are the three R’s that are used to save the environment which includes forest?
a) Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
b) Reserve, Reduce, Recycle
c) Reuse, Reserve, Reduce
d) Reserve, Reuse, Reduce
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The three R’s which are used to save the environment which includes forest are
Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. Reduce is the first step towards effective waste management. Reuse
helps in reducing waste that needs to be recycled. Recycle helps in the prevention of pollution.

2. How many National Parks are there in India as of 2015?

a) 88
b) 96
c) 106
d) 179
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: There are 88 national parks are there in India. In 1970, we only had 5 National
Parks. Then came the Project Tiger in 1972, and we have added quite a few national parks after
the Project Tiger which are playing important role.

3. How much area is under the forest cover in India?

a) Around 610000 sq km
b) Around 670000 sq km
c) Around 710000 sq km
d) Around 750000 sq km
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Forest Survey of India published the statistics of forest area of various states a
union territory in 2017. According to this statistics 708273 square kilometers of forest land is
covered in the country.

4. Which community of Rajasthan Have religious belief for conservation of forest and wildlife?
a) Haddi
b) Bishnoi
c) Rajput
d) Thakur
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Bishnoi community was founded by Lord Jambheshwar, the preserver of all that’s
created on earth. The Bishnois consider trees as sacred, they protect the entire ecosystem that
exists in their village.

5. Which one of the following movement was carried out for the conservation of forests and the
environment?
a) Forest movement
b) Ganaga Action Plan
c) Tehri Andolan
d) Chipko Andolan
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Chipko Andolan is a nonviolent social and ecological movement by rural villagers
particularly women’s in India in the 1970s. It was aimed at protecting trees and forest slated for
government-backed logging.

6. Forest management has various scopes.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

7. Which of the following is not a principle of Chugach National Forest?

a) The forest service is governed by many existing laws
b) National Forest System lands are managed for multiple uses
c) It provides subsistence uses for rural residents of Alaska
d) It doesn’t collaborate with interested Native Alaskan tribes
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: A set of fundamental principles will guide the management of the Chugach
National Forest. It is actively collaborate with interested Native Alaskan tribes, state and federal
agencies and individuals in the management of forests.

8. Which country leads in the producing and consuming of forest products?

a) Nepal
b) Kenya
c) India
d) United States
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The United States is the world’s leading producer and consumer of forest products,
accounting for more than one-quarter of the world’s production and consumption of the forest
products.

9. Which of the following is not the best way to fight a forest fire?
a) Evacuate from the forest surrounding places
b) Not using water as a fire suppression tool
c) Deploy suppressant foam
d) Create a fire line
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Water is the best tool to suppress the fire. When fire crews arrive at a forest fire,
they st up power pumps at the closest water source that they can find, and then they run to
suppresses the fire. Water can stops the spreading of forest fire and it suppresses the remaining
fire.

10. What is the full form of JFM with related to Forest Management?
a) Joint Forest Management
b) Junior Forest Management
c) Jury Forest Management
d) Jharkhand Forest Management
View Answer

Answer:a

11. What is called for the practice of regulating forest resources to meet the needs of society and
industry while preserving the forest’s health?
a) Environmental protection
b) Sustainable Forest Management
c) Forest policy framework
d) Unsustainable Forest Management
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Sustainable forest management, also known as sustainable forestry is always
looking to strike a balance between the demand for the forest’s natural resources and the vitality
of the forest ecosystem.
12. Which one of the following is a branch of forestry?
a) Protection Forestry
b) Deforestation
c) Forest Management
d) Restricted Forestry
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Forest Management is a branch of forestry concerned with overall administrative
legal, economic, social aspects and technical aspects. Management can be based on conservation,
economics or a mixture of the two.

13. Which one of the following is not the best way to stop deforestation?
a) Planting trees
b) Not encouraging for recycling the used products
c) Go paperless
d) Eat vegetarian meals as often as possible
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: One of the easy ways to combat deforestation is to plant a tree. Using less paper or
go for paperless is also an effective way to stop deforestation. Eat vegetarian meals also helps to
stop for forestation. Recycle and buying recycled products helps to stop deforestation.

14. Forest management varies in intensity.

a) True
b) False

Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on “Public Policy and PILs”.

1. Which one of the following issues Environmental Policy is mainly concerned?

a) Political issues
b) Crime issues
c) Environmental issues
d) Personal issues
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Environmental Policy mainly concerns with environmental issues. These issues
include air and water pollution, waste management, maintenance of biodiversity, waste
management, the protection of wildlife and endangered species.
2. When did Indian Forest Act established?
a) 1911
b) 1914
c) 1925
d) 1927
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Indian Forest Act is established in 1927 under British rule. Under this Act
developed procedures for setting up and protection of forests which are reserved, protected
forests and village forests are the protected area.

3. In 1972 which Act formed in India to protect the wildlife of India?

a) Indian Forest Act
b) Wildlife Protection Act
c) Environmental Act
d) Natural Protection Act
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Wildlife Protection Act was established in 1972 in India to protect the wildlife.
Apart from this, there are many things this Act looks like formalization of national parks,
wildlife sanctuaries, conservational reserves and community reserves.

4. Which is the only state in India where Wildlife protection Act, 1972 not applicable?
a) Karnataka
b) Jammu and Kashmir
c) Tamil Nadu
d) Kerala
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Wildlife Protection Act provides for the protection of wildlife animals, birds and
plants. This Act extends to whole of India, except the State of Jammu and Kashmir which has its
own wildlife act known as “The Jammu and Kashmir Wildlife Act”.

5. Under which domain 7th five year plan helped in the protection of environment?
a) Environment Protection Act, 1986
b) Indian Forest Act, 1927
c) Wildlife Protection Act, 1972
d) National Forest Policy, 1988
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Under the domain of Environmental Protection Act, 1986 7th five year plan helped
in the protection of environment. It is a legislation which signifies the central governments
determination to take effective steps to protect the environment.

6. PIL helps the environmental NGOs and social activists to file number of cases for the effective
enforcement of environmental laws.
a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: PIL helps in the protecting citizen’s right to healthy environment. The Supreme
Court of India has not only ensured fundamental right of citizen to healthy environment but also
has contributed immensely to the evolution of new principles in environmental jurisprudence.

7. What is the full form of PIL?

a) Private Interest Litigation
b) Public Interest Limited
c) Public Interest Litigation
d) Public Initiative Litigation
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Public Interest Litigation is directly filed by an individual or group of people in the
Supreme Court. It is a new legal horizon in which court of law can initiate and enforce action to
serve and secure significant public interest.

8. When did Wildlife Conservation Strategy established?

a) 2000
b) 2001
c) 2002
d) 2003
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Wildlife Conservation Strategy established in 2002. According to this policy
wildlife and forests shall be declared priority sector at the national level for which funds be
earmarked and it also deals with no commercial mono-culture to replace natural forests.

9. To which government the Ministry of Environment and Forests is the nodal agency?
a) To the State Government
b) To the Central Government
c) To United Nations
d) To Union Territories
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The Ministry Of Environment and Forests is the nodal agency in the administrative
structure of the Central Government. It works for the planning, promotion, co-ordination and
overseeing the implementation of environmental and forestry programs.

10. When did the “Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution” adopted?
a) 1990
b) 1991
c) 1992
d) 1993
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The Policy Statement for Abatement of Pollution adopted in 1992. The objective is
to integrate environmental considerations into decision-making at all levels. To achieve these
steps to be taken to prevent pollution at source, encourage, develop and apply the best available
practicable technical solutions.

11. Who adopted the technique of public interest litigation for the cause of environmental
protection in many cases in India?
a) Indian Parliament
b) Indian Army
c) Indian Civil Services
d) Indian judiciary
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The Indian judiciary adopted the technique of public interest litigation for the cause
of environmental protection in many cases. The Supreme Court & High Courts shaded the
inhibitions against refusing strangers to present the petitions on behalf of poor and ignorant
individuals.

12. What is the result of PIL that is applied in Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra vs. State
of U.P?
a) The Supreme Court prohibited the continuance of mining operations
b) The Supreme Court allows continuance of mining operations
c) The Supreme Court withheld the judgment to 2020
d) The Supreme Court asked the opinion of Central Government
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In the area of environmental protection, PIL has proved to be an effective tool. In
Rural Litigation and Entitlement Kendra vs. State of Uttar Pradesh. The Supreme Court
prohibited the continuance of mining operations terming it to be adversely affecting the
environment.

13. The decision of the Supreme Court in the PIL of Subhash Kumar vs. State of Bihar is
_______________
a) Approved
b) Denied
c) Pending
d) Formed jury panel
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: The judiciary has used the tool of PIL quite effectively for the cause of
environmental protection. But the judiciary has shown wisdom in denying false petitions seeking
to advance private interests through PIL as evident from the decision of the Supreme Court in
Subhash Kumar vs. State of Bihar.

14. PIL can be filed against individuals also.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: PIL can be filed against government only. A PIL may be filed against state
government, central government, municipal authority not any private party. But, private person
may be included in PIL as Respondent, after concerned of state authority.

Environment Management Questions and Answers for Aptitude test focuses on “Wildlife
Conservation in India”.

1. When did World Wild Fund for Nature-India (WWF-India) established?

a) 1956
b) 1969
c) 1976
d) 1997
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: WWF-India is the Indian part of the WWF. WWF-India is one of India’s leading
conservation organizations. It was established as a charitable trust in 1969, it has massed almost
five decades of experience in the field.

2. Which of the following organization launched an Education for Sustainable Development

program?
a) Indian Forest Department
b) Indian Environment Conservation
c) WWF-India
d) Indian Pollution Board
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: WWF-India launched an Education for Sustainable Development program in June
2013. This program including a trainer kit with materials in six languages. The program was
targeted at teacher training and educational bodies responsible for curriculum.

3. Which of the following is the most important human activity leading to the extinction of
wildlife?
a) Afforestation
b) Controlling of pollution level
c) Destruction of the natural habitats
d) Stop hunting animals
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Destruction of the natural habitats is the most important human activity leading to
the extinction of wildlife. Deforestation of the natural habitats of animals affects the species of
complete area.

4. How can we preserve viable material of endangered species?

a) By mutation
b) By cloning
c) By gene bank
d) By gene pool
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Viable materials of any endangered species can be preserved by a gene bank. Gene
bank is an institute that maintains stocks of seed banks, tissue culture and frozen germplasm with
certain precautionary measures.

5. Which of the following vertebrates have the highest number of endangered species?
a) Fishes
b) Birds
c) Reptiles
d) Mammals
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Mammals group of vertebrates comprises the highest number of endangered
species. One in four of the world’s mammal species face extinction, according to a new
conservation report card. Marine mammals face even steeper odds, with one in three species at
risk of extinction.

6. Some of the most threatened species are found in Asia.

a) True
b) False
View Answer

8. In which of the following states Nagarhole National Park located?

a) Karnataka
b) Kerala
c) Assam
d) Tamil Nadu
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: Nagarhole National Park is located in Kodagu District and Mysore district in
Karnataka. It is established in 1988. This park was declared the 37th ‘Project Tiger’ Tiger
reserves of India in the year 1999.

9. Which is the natural habitat of Indian lion?

a) Western Ghats
b) Sunderban delta
c) Gir forest
d) Himalayas
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Natural habitat of Indian lion is Gir forest, Gujarat. Gir Forest National Park and
Wildlife Sanctuary established in 1965. According to 2015 census there were 523 lions situated
in Gir Forest National Park.

10. What is called for a scheme to protect and conserve bio-diversity?

a) Biosphere
b) Bio-reserve
c) Biotechnology
d) Bio-ecology
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Bio-reserve is a scheme to protect and conserve bio-diversity. The central area
preserves the flora and fauna. The surrounding zone is utilized for research and experiments
regarding conserve bio-diversity.

11. Which of the following is a step taken by the government to protect the wildlife?
a) Control the population of animals in forest
b) Proper food facilities to the animals in forest
c) Deforestation to provide space for urbanization
d) Various Project to protect animals in forest
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: The Government of India took various steps to the wildlife. The major among them
is establishing of various projects in order to protect the wildlife. Some of the projects are Project
Tiger, Project Rhino, Project Great Indian Bustard and many more.

12. Which type of wildlife is found in Ganga-Brahmaputra delta?

a) Lions
b) Yak
c) Royal Bengal
d) Sheep
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: Ganga-Brahmaputra delta is a natural habitat for many animals. Prominent natural
habitat in Ganga-Brahmaputra delta is Royal Bengal Tiger. Some of the other organisms are
turtles, snakes, crocodiles and so on.

13. Which lake in Northeast India has the world’s only floating National Park?
a) Dal Lake
b) Loktak Lake
c) Lake Tsomgo
d) Shilloi Lake
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Loktak Lake in Manipur has the worlds only floating National Park. It is the largest
freshwater lake in Northeast India. Keibul Lamjao National Park located at the south western
part of the Loktak Lake is the world’s only floating National Park.

Hazardous Waste Management Multiple Choice Questions & Answers (MCQs) focuses on
“National Environmental Policy Act”.

1. When the National Environmental Policy Act was signed into law?
a) January 1, 1970
b) January 2, 1970
c) January 1, 1971
d) January 1, 1972
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) was signed into law on January 1,
1970. NEPA entails federal agencies to evaluate the environmental effects of proposed actions
former to making decisions and to suggest alternatives.

2. By NEPA process, federal agencies assess social and ______ effects of proposed actions.
a) Industrial
b) Health
c) Economic
d) Chronic
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: By the applications of policies by NEPA, federal agencies estimate and analyse the
probable risk as well as the alternatives for minimization, sometimes, prevention of threat.

3. Which act is responsible to create and maintain conditions under which man and nature can
exist in harmony?
a) EIA
b) RCRS
c) CERCLA
d) NEPA
View Answer

Answer: d
Explanation: Title I of NEPA contains a Declaration of National Environmental Policy. This
policy requires the federal government to use all practicable means to create and maintain
conditions under which man and nature can exist in productive harmony.
4. What do Section 102 in Title I of the NEPA Act requires?
a) Risk assessment
b) Incorporate environmental considerations in their planning
c) Risk analysis
d) Site clean-up
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: Section 102 in Title I of the Act requires federal agencies to incorporate
environmental considerations in their planning and decision-making through a systematic
interdisciplinary approach.

5. Who signed NEPA into law on January 1, 1970?

a) William
b) Benjamin
c) Nixon
d) Luther
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: President Nixon signed NEPA into law on January 1, 1970. NEPA set forth a bold
new vision for America and is basic national charter for protection of the environment.

6. Which law was the first major environmental law in the United States and is often called the
“Magna Carta” of Federal environmental laws?
a) RCRA
b) NEPA
c) OSHA
d) FIFRA
View Answer

Answer: b
Explanation: EPA requires Federal Agencies to assess the environmental effects of their
proposed actions prior to making decisions. The ultimate goal of the NEPA process is to foster
excellent action that protects, restores, and enhances our environment.

7. ______ established the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).

a) NPL
b) HRS
c) RCRA
d) NEPA
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: NEPA established the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ) within the
Executive Office of the President to ensure that Federal agencies meet their obligations under
NEPA. CEQ oversees NEPA implementation, principally through issuing guidance and
interpreting regulations that implement NEPA’s procedural requirements.

8. The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is _________ environmental law.

a) United States
b) United Kingdom
c) Indian
d) Australian
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) is a United States environmental
law enacted on 1 January 1970 promotes the enhancement of the environment and also
established the President’s Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ).

9. NEPA’s most significant outcome was that all executive federal agencies prepare _________
a) Draft report
b) Federal report
c) EA and EIS
d) EEEs
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: According to NEPA all federal agencies should prepare Environmental Assessment
(EA) and Environmental Risk Statements (EIS) which states the environmental risk by the
proposed actions.

10. What are three levels of analysis that a federal agency must undertake to comply with the law
NEPA?
a) CatEx, EA and FONSI
b) Fex, IA and SOF
c) CatEx and EIS
d) EIS and EIA
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The three level analysis are Categorical Exclusion (CatEx), environmental
assessment (EA), Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI), or either drafting of environmental
impact statement (EIS).
11. What is the purpose of EA?
a) To determine possible impacts
b) To determine possible benefits
c) Analysis
d) Clean-up
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: The purpose of EA is to determine and analyse the possible impacts on the
environment due to the actions of proposed project and also to suggest alternatives, if available.

12. The CEQ has played a key part in the development of the EIS process.
a) CIQ
b) CIA
c) CEQ
d) COA
View Answer

Answer: c
Explanation: The CEQ regulations initiates by calling for federal agencies to assimilate NEPA
requirements with other planning requirements. This ensures that all decisions are insightful of
environmental values, avoids possible delays, and eliminates probable future conflicts.

13. Who introduced Federal Permitting Improvement Act of 2015 bill?

a) Rob Portman
b) Rob Schulamn
c) Nicholas Dixon
d) Naosi Higer
View Answer

Answer: a
Explanation: In January 2015, Republican Senator Rob Portman, introduced the “Federal
Permitting Improvement Act of 2015”. The bill would form several requirements and procedures
designed to advance the completion of NEPA-related reviews, it also includes creation of a
“Federal Permitting Improvement Council”