1.

Which among the following international treaty or protocol bans all mining in Antarctica, designating
the continent as a natural reserve devoted to peace and science?

[A] Antractica Treaty System

[B] Antarctic Conservation Act

[C] CRAMRA

[D] Antarctic-Environmental Protocol

Correct Answer: D [Antarctic-Environmental Protocol]

Notes:

Antarctic-Environmental Protocol is also known as Madrid Protocol

2.In which of the following areas, Clark R Bavin Awards are given?

[A] Sports

[B] Wildlife Protection

[C] Films & Television

[D] Journalism

Correct Answer: B [Wildlife Protection]

Notes:

The Clark R Bavin Awards has been named in memory of Clark R. Bavin, who was the Chief of the United
States Fish and Wildlife Service’s Division of Law Enforcement. The US based Species Survival Network,
in cooperation with the Animal Welfare Institute (AWI) coordinates the presentation of the awards. The
award recognizes the extraordinary efforts of law enforcement officers and other field-based individuals
are willing to make in order to protect wildlife.

3.At which among the following places first governmental meeting on tiger conservation was held in
2009?

[A] Kua Lalumpur

[B] Katmandu

[C] Colombo

[D] Bangkok
Correct Answer: B [Katmandu]

Notes:

India’s project tiger was launched in 1973. The first governmental meeting on tiger conservation was
held in Kathmandu, Nepal in October 2009. This meeting had recommended a series of 15 global actions
that need to be taken to change the trajectory of tigers from extinction to recovery, as well as
commitments from several tiger range countries. Later, first Asian ministerial conference on tiger
conservation was held in Hua Hin, Thailand in January 2010. This conference adopted the goal of
doubling the number of tigers by 2022.

4.Out of the 81,000 animal species so far described from India, Invertebrates have a lion’s share with
about 68,000 organisms and microorganisms. In this context, consider the following:

1. Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972

2. Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980

3. Biological Diversity Act, 2002

Which among the above emphasize(s) upon conservation of the Invertebrates?

[A] 1 only

[B] 2 only

[C] 3 only

[D] 2 & 3 only

Correct Answer: C [3 only]

Notes:

The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 was enacted to provide for the conservation of forests and for
matters connected therewith. It was amended in 1988 to control further deforestation of Forest Areas
in India.

5.On which of the following planets of the solar system, the scientists have seen a “Great Red Spot”
which is an anticyclonic storm persistent since last over 180 years?

[A] Mars

[B] Jupiter
[C] Saturn

[D] Mercury

Correct Answer: B [Jupiter]

Notes:

The Great Red Spot is continuously observed since 1878, which is a persistent high-pressure anticyclonic
storm in the atmosphere of Jupiter. It is the largest in the Solar System, which is located at 22 degrees
south of Jupiter’s equator.

6.Which among the following is the dangerous Green House Gas, created by the Waste Water?

[A] Nitrogen

[B] Sulfur Dioxide

[C] Methane

[D] Carbon Dioxide

Correct Answer: C [Methane]

Notes:

Methane gas is produced by the decomposition of organic waste in an oxygen-free environment. The
treatment and handling of waste water also produces Methane.

7.The National Chambal (Gharial) Wildlife Sanctuary, which is one of the large eco-reserves of the
country is co administered by which among the following states?

[A] Rajasthan & Uttar Pradesh

[B] Rajasthan & Madhya Pradesh

[C] Madhya Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh

[D] Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh

Correct Answer: D [Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh]

Notes:
National Chambal Sanctuary is a tri-state (Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh) protected area
in northern India. It aims at the protection of the Critically Endangered gharial, the red-crowned roof
turtle and the Endangered Ganges river dolphin.

8.Along with Jatropha, the seed oil of which among the following plants has been found to be useful in
diesel generators being explored in hundreds of projects throughout India and other developing
countries as feedstock for biodiesel?

[A] Arachis hypogea

[B] Pongamia pinnata

[C] Butea monosperma

[D] Pterocarpus santalinius

Correct Answer: B [Pongamia pinnata]

Notes:

Pongamia pinnata is a medium-sized, evergreen or briefly deciduous tree. It has been found to be useful
in diesel generators being explored in hundreds of projects throughout India and other developing
countries as feedstock for biodiesel.

9.The highest per capita emitter of Carbon dioxide in the world is :

[A] USA

[B] China

[C] Qatar

[D] Saudi Arabia

Correct Answer: C [Qatar]

Notes:

The world’s largest CO2 emitter country is China and per capita emission is highest in Qatar with 49
tonnes per person. Qatar is followed by Tobago, Kuwait, UAE.

10.The Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) is headed by:

[A] R.K.Pachauri

[B] Vandana Shiva

[C] Madhav Gadgil

[D] Pradip Krishen

Correct Answer: C [Madhav Gadgil]

Notes:

Madhav Dhananjaya Gadgil is an ecologist, academic writer, columnist of India. He founded the Centre
for Ecological Sciences. He served as a former member of the Scientific Advisory Council to the Prime
Minister of India. He was the head of the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel, which recommend steps
to preserve and rejuvenate the ecologically sensitive Western Ghats.

11.Consider the following statements:

1. A Wildlife sanctuary can be declared by only state Governments

2. A National park can be declared only by Union Government

3. Which among the above statements is/ are correct?

[A] Only 1 is correct

[B] Only 2 is correct

[C] Both 1 & 2 are correct

[D] Neither 1 nor 2 is correct

Correct Answer: D [Neither 1 nor 2 is correct]

Notes:

A wildlife sanctuary is defined by State Government via a Notification. There is no need to pass a
legislation (act) by the state assembly to declare a wildlife sanctuary. Fixation and alternation of
boundary can be done by state legislature via resolution. No need to pass an act for alternation of
boundaries. No alternation of boundaries in wildlife sanctuaries can be done without approval of the
NBWL. A National Park is defined by state government via notification. The state government can fix and
alter boundaries of the National Parks with prior consultation and approval with National Board of
Wildlife. There is no need to pass an act for alternation of boundaries of National Parks. No human
activities are permitted in a National Park. Central government can also declare a national park.

12.Which is not a part of National Action Plan on Climate Change?

[A] National Water Mission

[B] National Mission on Pollution Control

[C] National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture

[D] National Mission on Sustainable Habitat

Correct Answer: B [National Mission on Pollution Control]

Notes:

The National Action Plan on Climate change was launched in the year 2008. Its objective was to promote
development while also yielding co-benefits for addressing climate change.

13.The First Chairperson of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) was ?

[A] JUSTICE A.S. Naidu

[B] Justice Lokeshwar Singh Panta

[C] Justice Markandey Katju

[D] Justice A K Ganguly

Correct Answer: B [Justice Lokeshwar Singh Panta]

Notes:

National Green Tribunal Act (NGT) was established in 2010, under India’s constitutional provision of
Article 21, which assures the citizens of India, the right to a healthy environment under Article 2 of the
Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, which affirms the right to life. The tribunal itself,
is a special fast-track court to handle the expeditious disposal of the cases pertaining to environmental
issues. The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was officially passed by the legislature on 18th October 2010
with its Chairperson, Justice Lokeshwar Singh Panta.

14.Which of the following is not among the four coral reef regions of India identified by the Government
for intensive conservation and management?

[A] Gulf of Mannar

[B] Gulf of Khambat

[C] Lakshadweep Islands

[D] Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Correct Answer: B [Gulf of Khambat]

Notes:

The four coral reef areas identified for intensive conservation and management in the country are Gulf
of Mannar, Gulf of Kachchh, Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

15.Which among the following is key faunal species that is being conserved and monitored in ‘Dachigam
National Park’ ?

[A] Musk Deer

[B] Golden Oriole

[C] Yellow-throated Marten

[D] Hangul or Kashmir Stag

Correct Answer: D [Hangul or Kashmir Stag]

Notes:

Dachigam National Park is located 22 kilometers from Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. It covers an area of
141 square kilometers.The main animal species that Dachigam is most famous for is the Hangul, or the
Kashmir Stag.

16.Which among the following awards institued by the Government of India for individuals or
communities from rural areas that have shown extraordinary courage and dedication in protecting
Wildlife?

[A] Indira Gandhi Paryavaran Puraskar

[B] Medini Puruskar Yojana

[C] Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award

[D] Pitambar Pant National Award

Correct Answer: C [Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award]

Notes:
This award is given for significant contribution in the field of wildlife protection, which is recognised as
having shown exemplary courage or having done exemplary work for the protection of wildlife. A cash
award of Rupees One lakh is presented to individuals/institutions involved in wildlife protection.

17.With reference to the Flexible Mechanisms of Kyoto Protocol, which of the following is / are correct
statements?

1. Through Clean Development Mechanism(CDM),any Annex I country can invest in emission reduction
projects in any other Annex I country as an alternative to reducing emissions domestically.

2. Through Joint Implementation(JI),countries can meet their domestic emission reduction targets by
buying greenhouse gas reduction units from (projects in) non Annex I countries to the Kyoto protocol
(mostly developing countries).

3. Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 and 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: D [Neither 1 nor 2 ]

Notes:

The ‘flexible mechanisms’ of the Kyoto Protocol were included for the first time in the COP-6, held Bonn,
Germany. Flexible mechanisms or Kyoto Mechanisms, refer to Emissions Trading, the Clean
Development Mechanism and Joint Implementation.

1.Emissions trading (ET)-The Emissions Trading-mechanism allows parties to the Kyoto Protocol to buy
‘Kyoto units'(emission permits for greenhouse gas) from other countries to help meet their domestic
emission reduction targets.

2.Joint Implementation (JI)-Through the Joint Implementation, any Annex I country can invest in
emission reduction projects (referred to as “Joint Implementation Projects”) in any other Annex I
country as an alternative to reducing emissions domestically.

3.Clean Development Mechanism (CDM)-Through the CDM, countries can meet their domestic emission
reduction targets by buying greenhouse gas reduction units from (projects in) non Annex I countries to
the Kyoto protocol(mostly developing countries). Non-Annex I countries have no GHG emission
restrictions, but have financial incentives to develop GHG emission reduction projects to receive
Certified Emission Reductions that can then be sold to Annex I countries, encouraging sustainable
development.
18.What fraction of earth’s total land area is covered by forests?

[A] 5%

[B] 13%

[C] 31%

[D] 51%

Correct Answer: C [ 31%]

Notes:

Forests cover 31 percent of the world’s total land area. The countries with the most forests are the
Russian Federation, Brazil, Canada and the United States of America.

19.Consider the following statements:

1. Nuer people are an ethnic group primarily concentrated South Sudan

2. The white army is a militant organisation formed by the Nuer people

Which among the above is / are correct statements?

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]

Notes:

The Nuer people are an ethnic group primarily inhabiting the Nile Valley. They are concentrated in South
Sudan, with some representative also found in south western Ethiopia. The White Army or Nuer White
Army is a militant organisation formed by the Nuer people of South Sudan. The white army is so named
due to the Nuer practice of smearing one’s skin with a light-coloured ash as protection against biting
insects.

20.Which of the following fertilizers has highest nitrogen content?

[A] Calcium Nitrate

[B] Anhydrous Ammonia

[C] Urea

[D] Ammonium Nitrate

Correct Answer: B [ Anhydrous Ammonia]

Notes:

Anhydrous Ammonia is a gaseous fertilizer with NPK ratio 82-00-00. Urea has 46-00-00. Among solid
fertilizers, Urea has maximum N content.

21.Which of the following wetlands of India are currently in the Montreux record?

1. Loktak Lake

2. Keoladeo National Park

3. Chilika Lake

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: A [ Only 1 & 2 ]

Notes:

Chilika Lake was eneterd into that record once but was later taken out of it.

22.Green Climate Fund:

1. allows only developing countries to receive monetary resources

2. has facility to finance both private and public sectors

3. will provide finance in the form of grants and loans

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]

Notes:

All are correct statements.

23.Which of the following is / are amphibian(s)?

1. Frogs

2. Slammenders

3. Tortoises

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: A [ Only 1 & 2 ]

Notes:

Tortoises are reptiles.

24.Consider the following statements about National Green Tribunal (NGT):

1. For a person to be appointed as a Chairperson of the NGT, he/she must have been a Judge of High
Court or Supreme Court.
2. Chairperson of the NGT can only be removed from office in like manner and on the like grounds as a
Judge of the Supreme Court.

3. NGT Order cannot be challenged before any other Court.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] None of them

Correct Answer: D [ None of them]

Notes:

First statement is incorrect because a person must not be qualified for appointment as Chairperson of
NGT, unless he is, or has been, a Judge of Supreme Court or Chief Justice of High Court. Second
statement is incorrect because NGT Chairperson can be removed from office by an order of Central
Government after an inquiry made by Judge of Supreme Court. Third statement is also incorrect because
NGT Order can be challenged before the Supreme Court.

25.Consider the following statements about a biodiversity hotspot:

1. A biodiversity hotspot must have atleast 1500 vascular plants as endemic

2. It must have lost more than 70% of its original habitat

3. The Western Ghats of India is a biodiversity hotspot

Which among the above statements is/are correct?

[A] 1 Only

[B] 1 and 2 Only

[C] 1 and 3 Only

[D] 1,2 and 3

Correct Answer: D [ 1,2 and 3]

Notes:

All the given statements are correct

26.Consider the following species of pine trees:

1. Sugar Pine

2. Red Pine

3. Chir Pine

4. Blue Pine

5. White Pine

Which of the above are found in India?

[A] Only 1 & 3

[B] Only 1, 2 & 5

[C] Only 1, 3, 4 & 5

[D] Only 3, 4 & 5

Correct Answer: D [ Only 3, 4 & 5]

Notes:

Chir pine and Blue pine are found in Uttarakhand forest. White pine is found in Tamil Nadu. Sugar Pine
and Red pine tree are found mainly in U.S. and Canada.

27.Mangar Bani forest has been in news frequently due to one or the other environmental concerns. In
which Indian state is the forest located?

[A] Jammu & Kashmir

[B] Himachal Pradesh

[C] Punjab

[D] Haryana
Correct Answer: D [ Haryana]

Notes:

Mangar Bani forest are located in Haryana state of India. The forest is under threat from real estate
developers and urban expansion via faulty master plans.

28.The highest Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) can be expected in __?

[A] A running river

[B] A running polluted river

[C] Treated Municipal waste water

[D] Untreated Municipal waste water

Correct Answer: D [ Untreated Municipal waste water]

Notes:

BOD is amount of dissolved oxygen needed by aerobic biological organisms in a body of water to break
down organic material present in a given water sample at certain temperature over a specific time
period, for running rivers, it would be minimum and for Untreated Municipal waste water it would be
maximum.

29.In many parts of India, sowing of Sunn hemp crop is practiced well ahead of the cultivation of the
main agricultural crop. What advantage is offered by Sunn hemp due to this practice?

1. It improves soil fertility by adding organic biomass quickly to soil

2. It is able to fix large amount of nitrogen which is available for main crop

3. It helps in reducing soil erosion and conservation of soil water

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]

Notes:

Sunn hemp has been used extensively as a soil improvement or green manure crop in the tropics
because of its ability to produce large amounts of biomass in as little as 60 to 90 days. Because of this, it
has the potential to build organic matter levels and sequester carbon. Also, as a legume it can fix large
amounts of nitrogen. Used as a cover crop, sunn hemp can improve soil properties, reduce soil erosion,
conserve soil water, and recycle plant nutrients. ‘Tropic Sun’ is also resistant to root-knot nematodes.

30.Which of the following is / are consequences of deforestation?

Reduction in atmospheric moisture

1. Increase in emission of carbon dioxide

2. Increase in thickness of ice sheets on earth

3. Slope stabilization

Select the correct option from the codes give below:

[A] 1 Only

[B] 1 & 2 Only

[C] 1, 2 & 4 Only

[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4

Correct Answer: B [ 1 & 2 Only]

Notes:

Deforestation leads to increase in green house gases on earth and thus increase in temperature of earth
surface. This in turn leads to melting of ice and reduction in size of ice-sheets on earth. Slope
stabilization reduces due to increase in erosion activities by wind, water etc. after deforestation.

31.Consider the following statements about Mouse Lemur, which was recently in news:

1. Mouse Lemurs are endemic to Western Ghats of India

2. They are nocturnal and omnivorous in nature

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: B [ Only 2]

Notes:

First statement is incorrect because Mouse Lemurs are endemic to the island of Madagascar. Recently,
Primate Researchers have discovered three new species of mouse lemurs.

32.Which among the following is the major objective of the Compensatory Afforestation Fund?

[A] To provide for imposing cess for conversion of forest land to non-forest land

[B] To provide for establishing a fund for forestation on barren land

[C] To utilize the amounts realised in lieu of forest land diverted for non-forest purpose

[D] All of the above purposes

Correct Answer: C [ To utilize the amounts realised in lieu of forest land diverted for non-forest purpose]

Notes:

The Compensatory Afforestation Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA) seeks to provide an
appropriate institutional mechanism, both at the Centre and in each State and Union Territory, to
ensure expeditious utilization in efficient and transparent manner of amounts realised in lieu of forest
land diverted for non-forest purpose. This would mitigate impact of diversion of such forest land. The
law also seeks to provide safety, security and, transparency in utilization of these amounts, which
currently are being kept in Nationalised Banks and are being managed by an ad-hoc body. These
amounts would be brought within broader focus of both Parliament and State Legislatures and in
greater public view, by transferring them to non-lapsable interest bearing funds, to be created under
public accounts of the Union of India and each State. The law will also ensure expeditious utilization of
accumulated unspent amounts available with the ad hoc Compensatory Afforestation Fund
Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA), which presently is of the order of Rs. 38,000 crore, and
fresh accrual of compensatory levies and interest on accumulated unspent balance, which will be of the
order of approximately Rs. 6,000 crore per annum, in an efficient and transparent manner. Utilization of
these amounts, will facilitate timely execution of appropriate measures to mitigate impact of diversion
of forest land, for which these amounts have been realised. Apart from mitigating the impact of
diversion of forest land, utilisation of these amounts will also result in creation of productive assets and
generation of huge employment opportunities in rural areas, especially in backward tribal areas.
Expenditure of the National CAMPA is proposed to be met from the funds to be retained in the National
Compensatory Afforestation Fund (CAF) from the accumulated funds transferred to it by the ad-hoc
CAMPA, and the funds to be transferred, on yearly basis, to the National CAF from a part of the funds
credited by user agencies directly into State CAFs. The proposal, therefore, does not involve any
additional expenditure on the Centre. The Act provides for:-

Establishment of the National CAF and the State CAFs to credit amounts collected by State Governments
and Union Territory Administrations to compensate loss of forest land diverted for non-forest purpose.

Constitution of a National Authority to manage and utilise amounts credited to the National CAF.

33.Consider the following cycles:

1. Nitrogen

2. Water

3. Carbon cycle

Which of the above is/are sedimentary cycle(s)?

[A] 2 Only

[B] 1 & 3 Only

[C] 1, 2 & 3

[D] None

Correct Answer: D [ None]

Notes:

All of the above are gaseous cycles. Sedimentary cycles include those of iron, calcium, phosphorus etc.

34.Which among the following statements correctly differentiate between an Ecozone and a Biome?

1. An Ecozone comprises only land parts of Earth surface, while the Biomes comprise both aquatic and
land parts

2. Each Ecozone has some finite number of species , while each biome has infinite number of species

3. Ecozone is a larger ecosystem, biome is a group of ecosystems

Which among the above statements is/ are correct?

[A] Only 1 is correct

[B] Only 1 & 2 are correct

[C] 1, 2 & 3 are correct

[D] Only 1 & 3 are correct

Correct Answer: A [ Only 1 is correct ]

Notes:

Ecozones Ecozones are the Biogeographic division of the Earth’s land surface, based on distributional
patterns of terrestrial organisms. This means that they include ONLY terrestrial part of the Biosphere
and that is why they are alternatively called “Terrestrial Ecozones”. Further, Ecozones are defined by
genetic, taxonomic, or Geological similarities, rather than the Morphology, plant structures, leaf types,
plant spacing or climates. Then, an Ecozone can include a number of different biomes. They both are
groups of ecosystems.

35.Which among the following can be used for production of ethanol for the purpose of biofuels?

1. Sugarcane

2. Rice Husk

3. Wheat stalks

4. Wooden chips

Select the correct statement from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 1 & 2

[C] Only 1, 2 & 3

[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4

Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2, 3 & 4]

Notes:
There are two concepts viz. firs t generation alcohol and second generation alcohol. The first generation
is produced from various sources of carbohydrates such as Sugarcane, Potato, Wheat, Rice etc. Second
generation is the Lignocellulogic alcohol produced from Cellulose. The sources can be stalks, leaves,
bagasse, and husks of rice, wheat, wood chips, sawdust etc.

36.The National Parks in India are equivalent to which among the following IUCN Protected Area
Management Categories?

[A] IUCN Ia

[B] IUCN Ib

[C] IUCN II

[D] IUCN III

Correct Answer: C [ IUCN II]

Notes:

IUCN protected area management categories classify protected areas according to their management
objectives. They are la Strict Nature Reserve, Ib Wilderness Area, II National Park, III Natural Monument
or Feature, IV Habitat/ Species Management Area, V Protected Landscape/ Seascape, VI Protected area
with sustainable use of natural resources.

37.Which among the following play role in Global Warming?

1. Water Vapour

2. Laughing Gas

3. Carbon Monoxide

4. Carbon Dioxide

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1, 2 & 3

[B] 1, 2, 3 & 4

[C] Only 2 & 4

[D] Only 1 & 4

Correct Answer: B [ 1, 2, 3 & 4]

Notes:

All of them. Nitrous Oxide is laughing gas, rest three are GHG. Please note that as it is, Carbon monoxide
(CO) is only a very weak and insignificant greenhouse gas, but has important indirect effects on global
warming. Carbon monoxide reacts with hydroxyl (OH) radicals in the atmosphere, reducing their
abundance. As OH radicals help to reduce the lifetimes of strong greenhouse gases. like methane,
carbon monoxide indirectly increases the global warming potential of these gases. Carbon monoxide in
the atmosphere can also lead to the formation of the Ground level Ozone.

38.Consider the following endangered fauna of India:

1. Nilgiri Mystus

2. Sociable Lapwing

3. Pygmy hog

Which among the above is / are mammals?

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 3

[D] Only 1 & 3

Correct Answer: C [ Only 3]

Notes:

Nilgiri mystus is a fish endemic to western ghats and is found in Cauvery River and its principal
tributaries. Sociable Lapwing (Vanellus gregarious) is a bird, winter migrant to India. This species has
suffered a sudden and rapid population decline due to which it has been listed as critically endangered.
Its habitat is Fallow fields and scrub desert. It is found in Kazakhstan, Russia, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan,
Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, Armenia, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria,
Turkey, Egypt, India, Pakistan and Oman. In India, distribution is restricted to the north and north-west
of the country. The current threats to the bird include conversion of habitat to arable land, illegal
hunting and proximity to human settlements. Pygmi Hog is a mammal.

39.The Stockholm Convention is a globally treat focuses to eliminate ___?

[A] Polyethylene products

[B] Greenhouse Gases

[C] Persistent Organic Pollutants

[D] Chemical Fertilizers

Correct Answer: C [ Persistent Organic Pollutants]

Notes:

Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants is a treaty which was signed in 2001 for
environmental purpose. The objective of the treaty was to eliminate the production and use of
persistent organic pollutants. The dirty dozens are aldrin, chlordane, furans, DDT, dieldrin, dioxins,
endrin, heptachlor, hexachlorobenzene, mirex, PCBs, and toxaphene.

40.Identify the fauna with the help of given information:

This species was for long known to be endemic to Satpura ranges but recently has been recorded in
northern Western Ghats

It has been listed as critically endangered in the IUCN list

The species is very small in size with very large talons and prefers mixed deciduous forests with dense
undergrowth and mature softwood trees

Select the correct answer from options given below:

[A] Brown palm civet

[B] Forest owlet

[C] Pygmy hog

[D] Great Indian hornbill

Correct Answer: B [ Forest owlet]

Notes:

All given features are of Forest owlet

41.Once a lion has finished its meal, a vulture swoops down and finishes off the carcass. Which among
the following term most appropriately denotes the relation between lion and vulture?

[A] Mutualism
[B] Symbiosis

[C] Commensalism

[D] Antibiosis

Correct Answer: C [ Commensalism]

Notes:

Many orchids use trees as a surface to grow. In ecology, commensalism is a class of relationships
between two organisms where one organism benefits from the other without affecting it. This is in
contrast with mutualism, in which both organisms benefit from each other, amensalism, where one is
harmed while the other is unaffected, and parasitism, where one benefits while the other is harmed.

42.With reference to the “Basel Convention” on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous
Wastes and their Disposal, consider the following statements:

1. It was signed explicitly to prevent transfer of Hazardous wastes from the developed countries to
developing and less developed countries

2. It talks explicitly about the Nuclear wastes and Hazards

3. As per this convention, a waste is called Hazardous waste if it is defined as Hazardous in the law of
importing country

Which of the above is / are correct statements?

[A] Only 1 is correct

[B] Only 1 & 2 are correct

[C] Only 2 & 3 are correct

[D] 1, 2 & 3 are correct

Correct Answer: A [ Only 1 is correct ]

Notes:

Basel Convention does not talk about the Nuclear waste

It defines the waste as something which has been defined as hazardous in the legislation of exporting
OR importing OR the transit country.

43.Which among the following is oceans is the largest consistent contributor to the global ocean
warming trends in last few decades?
[A] Indian Ocean

[B] Pacific Ocean

[C] Atlantic Ocean

[D] Arctic Ocean

Correct Answer: A [ Indian Ocean ]

Notes:

The Indian Ocean has been warming at a rate faster than thought before (1.2 deg C during the past
century). It is also the largest consistent contributor to the global ocean warming trends. Recent studies
show that a warm Indian Ocean can in turn modulate the Pacific conditions including the El Nino events.
So basically, such large warming over the Indian Ocean has implications on the global climate.

44.The famous Kigali Amendment is related to:

[A] Phase out the use of hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs)

[B] New global treaty to reduce green house gases emission

[C] International agreement for transboundary movements of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)

[D] International disaster risk reduction plan

Correct Answer: A [ Phase out the use of hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs) ]

Notes:

The Kigali agreement took place in October 2016. It amends the Montreal Protocol and substantially
limit the emission of hydro fluorocarbons (HFCs) that contribute to global warming represents major
progress. As with other such global compacts on environmental matters, India pressed for a more
lenient deadline at the Rwanda negotiations.

45.In ecological succession from pioneer to climax community:

1. the biomass increases continuously

2. the energy production decreases

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C [ Both 1 & 2]

Notes:

Both are correct statements

46.Consider the following:

1. Algae

2. Bacteria

3. Fungi

Which of the above is/are autotroph(s)?

[A] 1 & 2 Only

[B] 2 Only

[C] 2 & 3 Only

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: A [ 1 & 2 Only ]

Notes:

Plants, algae and some types of bacteria are autotrophs. Fungi are organisms that do not possess
chlorophyll; hence, they are not autotrophs. Fungi are usually decomposers, which are heterotrophs.

47.The pyramid of number of individual per unit area in a grassland ecosystem shall be:

[A] Inverted

[B] Irregular

[C] Upright

[D] Linear
Correct Answer: C [ Upright]

Notes:

The number of individuals at each tropic level in grassland ecosystem decreases and hence the pyramid
of number is upright.

48.Consider the following pollutants:

1. Sulphur dioxide

2. Nitrogen dioxide

3. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)

Which of the above is/are mainly responsible for acid rain?

[A] 1 & 2 Only

[B] 1 Only

[C] 3 Only

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: A [ 1 & 2 Only ]

Notes:

Acid rain results when sulphur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) are emitted into the atmosphere
and transported by wind and air currents. The SO2 and NOX react with water, oxygen and other
chemicals to form sulphuric and nitric acids. These then mix with water before falling to the ground.

49. Consider the following pairs:

1. Stoneflies – indicate high oxygen content in water

2. Mosses – indicate acidic soil

3. Greasewood – indicates saline soil

Which of the above is/are correct?

[A] 1 & 2 Only

[B] 2 Only

[C] 2 & 3 Only

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]

Notes:

All of the above are correct

An indicator species is any biological species that defines a trait or characteristics of the environment.
Indicator species are sensitive to environmental changes and can act as early warning regarding adverse
environmental changes in particular area.

50. Which of the following causes Harmful algal blooms (HABs) or red tide in the oceans?

1. Discharge of phosphorus-containing sewage in oceans

2. Increase in saltinity of water

3. Oil spill in ocean

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] 1 & 2 Only

[B] 1 & 3 Only

[C] 2 & 3 Only

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: B [ 1 & 3 Only]

Notes:

Both discharge of phosphorus and oil spill help boost algal growth. Increase in salt amount in water
reduces algae population in oceans.

51. Consider the following gases:

1. Water Vapour
2. Ozone

3. Methane

Which of the above is/are primary greenhouse gas/gases?

[A] 1 & 2 Only

[B] 3 Only

[C] 2 & 3 Only

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: D [ 1, 2 & 3]

Notes:

Greenhouse gas is that gas which absorbs and emits radiation within the thermal infrared range. The
primary greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous
oxide, and ozone.

52. Consider the following statements about the National Board for Wildlife (NBWL):

1. Union Minister of Environment and Forests is the chairperson of NBWL

2. National Board for Wild Life is a “Statutory Organization” constituted under the Wildlife Protection
Act, 1972

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

[A] 1 Only

[B] 2 Only

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: B [ 2 Only]

Notes:
First statement is incorrect because the National Board for Wildlife is chaired by India’s Prime Minister
and its vice chairman is Minister of Environment. Second statement is correct. National Board for Wild
Life is a “Statutory Organization” constituted under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. Theoretically, the
board is “advisory” in nature and advises the Central Government on framing policies and measures for
conservation of wildlife in the country. However, it is a very important body because it serves as apex
body to review all wildlife-related matters and approve projects in and around national parks and
sanctuaries.

53.Identify the Ramsar Site with the help of given information:

The site is one of two high-altitude wetlands of India, and is situated at an altitude of about 4300 metres

The site faces the Mulkila group of high snow peaks

The site is a favourite halting place for the shepherds

The site is home to species like Snow Cock, Chukor, Black Ring Stilt, Kestrel, Golden Eagle, Chough, Red
Fox and Blue Sheep

Select the correct answer from options given below:

[A] Chandra Taal

[B] Deepor Beel

[C] Hokera Wetland

[D] Loktak Lake

Correct Answer: A [ Chandra Taal ]

Notes:

All given features are of Chandra Taal

54. Which of the following statements is/are correct about the Draft Wetlands (Conservation and
Management) Rules, 2016?

1. The draft provides for the establishment of State Level Wetland Authority in each state

2. The new draft rules mention categorising a land as wetland on the basis of biodiversity, reefs &
mangroves

Select the correct option from codes given below:

[A] 1 Only
[B] 2 Only

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: A [ 1 Only ]

Notes:

First statement is correct because the draft provides for the establishment of State Level Wetland
Authority in each state thus transferring the power from centre to states in matter related to decision
on wetlands. Second statement is incorrect because the draft rules mention no ecological criteria to
categorise a land as wetland. Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules of 2010 had criteria for
categorising a land as wetland on the basis of biodiversity, reefs, mangroves, and wetland complexes.
But the new draft rules contain no ecological criteria for categorising a land as wetlands.

55. Consider the following statements about the Swachh Bharat Kosh:

1. It includes the voluntary philanthropic contributions and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds

2. The fund is administered by the Greenpeace India

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

[A] 1 Only

[B] 2 Only

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: A [ 1 Only ]

Notes:

First statement is correct because Swachh Bharat Kosh includes voluntary philanthropic contributions
and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) funds towards this cause. Second statement is incorrect
because the fund is administered by the Governing Council chaired by Secretary, Department of
Expenditure.

56.Identify the climate pollutant with the help of given information:

It is the most abundant reactive trace gas in the atmosphere and arises from both natural and
anthropogenic sources.

This gas is 30 times more powerful than carbon dioxide in its heat-trapping potential.

Agriculture and dairy farming are the most significant human sources of this gas while wetlands and
oceans form the natural sources.

It’s a common fabric, plastic, anti-freeze and fertilizer ingredient.

Select the correct answer from options given below:

[A] Sulfur Hexafluoride

[B] Methane

[C] Nitrous Oxide

[D] Carbon Monoxide

Correct Answer: B [Methane]

Notes:

Methane is the most abundant reactive trace gas in the atmosphere and arises from both natural and
anthropogenic sources. The main natural sources of methane are wetlands, termites and oceans.
Wetlands are by far the largest source, accounting for 30% of total emissions. Methane is also produced
by the digestive processes of termites, resulting in the generation of around 20 Mt per year-
approximately 5% of world methane emissions. It’s a common fabric, plastic, anti-freeze and fertilizer
ingredient. Industrial natural gas consumers include companies that make pulp and paper.

57.Consider the following statements about National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT):

1. It is a quasi-judicial body established under the Companies Act 2013

2. An appeal against the orders passed by NCLT can be made only in Supreme Court

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: A [Only 1 ]

Notes:

First statement is correct The National Company Law Appellate Tribunal (NCLAT) is a quasi-judicial body
established under the Companies Act 2013. Second statement is incorrect An appeal against the orders
passed by National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) is made to the National Company Law Appellate
Tribunal. The decisions of NCLAT may be appealed to the Supreme Court of India. NCLT would be dealing
in various matters pertaining to winding up of Companies, Revival and Restructuring which presently
hitherto falls under the jurisdiction of High Court and BIFR respectively. NCLT entertains the proceedings
which have been transferred to the Tribunal from High Court as provided in section 434 of the
Companies Act,2013 (“Act”). The NCLT has all powers of a civil court. It can summon and enforce the
attendance of any person; requiring the discovery and production of documents; receiving evidence on
affidavits; subject to the provisions of sections 123 and 124 of the Indian Evidence Act, 1872, etc.

58.Nuclear power plant:

1. does not emit carbon dioxide or other greenhouse gases

2. has lower efficiency compared to thermal power plant

Which of the above statements is/are correct?

[A] 1 Only

[B] 2 Only

[C] Both 1 and 2

[D] Neither 1 nor 2

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 and 2]

Notes:

Both are correct statements

59.A biome is classified according to the

[A] Species living in it

[B] Temperature

[C] Edaphic Properties

[D] Amount of rainfall received

Correct Answer: A [Species living in it]

Notes:

It is an area of planet that is classified according to the plant and animal species living in it. Temprature,
soil, rainfall just defines the kind of life in that particular biome. There is a difference between biome
and ecosystem and ecosystem is formed after the interaction of biotic and abiotic interaction in an
environment but a biome is an specific area classified according to the species living there. Many
ecosystem can exist in a biome. For example- In aquatic biome there are various ecosystems like coral
reefs, kelp forest.

60.What will be the effect of the destruction of the phytoplankton in the sea?

1. The number of zooplanktons will increase

2. The amount of oxygen will decrease

3. Increase in the number of primary consumers

Select the correct answer from the codes given below-

[A] 1,2,3

[B] 2 only

[C] 1 and 2 only

[D] 2 and 3 only

Correct Answer: B [2 only]

Notes:

Phytoplanktons are autotrophic organism and is the main food of zooplanktons. They make their food
by using carbon dioxide and release oxygen. So their destruction will decrease the number of
zooplanktons in the sea and will decrease the oxygen in the water.

61.Which of the following statements are correct about bioaccumulation?

1. Building up of toxins in the food chain is referred to as bioaccumulation.

2. The most severely affected are the animals at the top of the food chain.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:

Building up of toxins in the food chain is referred to as bioaccumulation. The most severely affected are
the animals at the top of the food chain.

62.In which of the following type of biotic interaction one species benefits and the other is unaffected?

[A] Commensalism

[B] Competition

[C] Mutualism

[D] Predation

Correct Answer: A [Commensalism]

Notes:

Commensalism is a type of biotic interaction in which one species benefits and the other is unaffected.
For example, the cow dung provides food and shelter to dung beetles whereas the beetles have no
effect on the cows.

63.Which of the following statements are correct about nitrogen?

1. Nitrogen is an important constituent of protein and is a basic building block of all living tissues.

2. Nitrogen constitutes nearly 50% by weight of all the proteins.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1
[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: A [Only 1]

Notes:

Nitrogen is an important constituent of protein and is a basic building block of all living tissues. Nitrogen
constitutes nearly 16% by weight of all the proteins.

64.Which of the following statements are correct about the Temperate deciduous forest?

1) They are characterized by a moderate climate and broad-leafed deciduous trees.

2) The precipitation is fairly uniform.

3) Soils of temperate forests are podzolic.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]

Notes:

Temperate deciduous forest is a biome that has many deciduous trees that shed their leaves in a
particular season. Some of the characteristics of Temperate deciduous forest are:

1) They are characterized by a moderate climate and broad-leafed deciduous trees.

2) The precipitation is fairly uniform.

3) Soils of temperate forests are podzolic.

65.Which of the following are the climatic conditions are necessary for tropical moist deciduous forests?

1. Annual rainfall 100 to 200 cm.

2. Mean annual temperature of about 27°C.

3. The average annual relative humidity of 60 to 75 per cent.

4. Spring and summer are dry.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1, 2 & 3

[B] Only 2, 3 & 4

[C] Only 1, 3 & 4

[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4

Correct Answer: D [1, 2, 3 & 4]

Notes:

The climatic conditions necessary for tropical moist deciduous forests are as follows:

1. Annual rainfall 100 to 200 cm.

2. Mean annual temperature of about 27°C.

3. The average annual relative humidity of 60 to 75 per cent.

4. Spring and summer are dry.

66.Sundri, agar, rhizophora, screw pines, canes and palms are found in which of the following forests?

[A] Tropical Wet evergreen forests

[B] Tropical Semi-evergreen forests

[C] Tropical Moist deciduous forests

[D] Littoral and swamp forests

Correct Answer: D [Littoral and swamp forests]

Notes:

Sundri, agar, rhizophora, screw pines, canes and palms are found in littoral and swamp. Swamp forests
in India are confined to the deltas of the Ganga, the Mahanadi, the Godavari, the Krishna and the
Cauvery.
67.Which of the following are the climatic condition of tropical dry evergreen forests?

1. Annual rainfall in these forests is 100 cm.

2. The mean humidity is about 75 per cent.

3. The mean annual temperature is about 35°C.

Select the correct option from the codes give below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: A [Only 1 & 2]

Notes:

Tropical dry evergreen forests receive annual rainfall of 100 cm. The mean humidity is about 75 per cent
and the mean annual temperature is about 28°C.

68.Which of the following are the characteristics of tropical dry evergreen forests?

1. Tropical dry evergreen forests consist of short statured trees, up to 12 m high, with complete canopy.

2. The important species in these forests include jamun, tamarind, neem, etc.

3. Most of the land under these forests has been cleared for agriculture or casuarina plantations.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]

Notes:
Tropical dry evergreen forests consist of short statured trees, up to 12 m high, with complete canopy.
The important species in these forests include jamun, tamarind, neem, etc. Most of the land under these
forests has been cleared for agriculture or casuarina plantations.

69.Which of the following statements are correct about sub tropical pine forests?

1. They are found in the steep dry slopes of the Shivalik Hills, Western and Central Himalayas, Khasi,
Naga, and

Manipur Hills.

2. Chir, oak, rhododendron, and pine as well as sal, amla, and laburnum are the predominant trees
found in the lower regions.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:

Sub tropical pine forests are found in the steep dry slopes of the Shivalik Hills, Western and Central
Himalayas, Khasi, Naga, and Manipur Hills. Chir, oak, rhododendron, and pine as well as sal, amla, and
laburnum are the predominant trees found in the lower regions.

70.Which of the following statements are correct regarding sub tropical pine forests?

1. Chir or Chil is the most dominant tree which forms pure stands.

2. It provides valuable timber for furniture, boxes and buildings.

3. It is also used for producing resin and turpentine.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]

Notes:

In Sub tropical pine forests Chir or Chil is the most dominant tree which forms pure stands. It provides
valuable timber for furniture, boxes and buildings. It is also used for producing resin and turpentine.

71.Which of the following statements correct about an ecosystem?

1. The flow of energy in an ecosystem is unidirectional.

2. The flow of energy is always from lower to higher trophic levels.

3. Sometimes it can flow in the reverse direction that is from carnivores to herbivores to producers.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: A [Only 1 & 2]

Notes:

The flow of energy in an ecosystem is unidirectional. The flow of energy is always from lower to higher
trophic levels. It can never flow in the reverse direction that is from carnivores to herbivores to
producers.

72.Which of the following statements are correct with respect to food chain?

1. A food chain starts with producers and ends with top carnivores.

2. The sequence of eaten and being eaten involves transfer of food energy from trophic level to another.

3. An ecosystem may consist of several interrelated food chains.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]

Notes:

A food chain starts with producers and ends with top carnivores. The sequence of eaten and being eaten
involves transfer of food energy from trophic level to another. An ecosystem may consist of several
interrelated food chains.

73.Which of the following are the necessary feature of a pollutant for biomagnification to occur?

1. Long-lived

2. Mobile

2. Insoluble in fats

3. Biologically active

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1, 2 & 3

[B] Only 2, 3 & 4

[C] Only 1, 2 & 4

[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4

Correct Answer: C [Only 1, 2 & 4]

Notes:

The necessary feature of a pollutant for biomagnification to occur are as follows: the pollutant should be
long-lived, mobile, soluble in fats, biologically active. Short-lived pollutants will be broken down before
they become dangerous. Immobility ensures that it will stay in one place and is unlikely to be taken up
by organisms. If the pollutant is soluble in water, it will be excreted by the organism.

74.Which of the following are the ways in which nitrogen fixation on earth can take place?

1. By microorganisms like bacteria and blue-green algae.

2. By man, using industrial processes like fertilizer factories.

3. To a limited extent by atmospheric phenomenon such as thunder and lighting.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]

Notes:

Nitrogen fixation on earth can take place in the following ways:

1. By microorganisms like bacteria and blue-green algae.

2. By man, using industrial processes like fertilizer factories.

3. To a limited extent by atmospheric phenomenon such as thunder and lighting.

75.Which of the following statements are correct about tropical moist deciduous forests?

1. Moist deciduous forests are found throughout India except in the western and the north-western
regions.

2. The trees of tropical moist deciduous forests are tall, have broad trunks, branching trunks and roots
to hold them firmly to the ground.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:

Tropical moist deciduous forests are found throughout India except in the western and the north-
western regions. The trees of tropical moist deciduous forests are tall, have broad trunks, branching
trunks and roots to hold them firmly to the ground.
76.Which of the following statements are correct regarding tropical dry deciduous forests?

1. These forests represent a transition from moist deciduous on the wetter side and thorn forests on the
drier side.

2. They have a closed and even canopy.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: A [Only 1]

Notes:

Tropical dry deciduous forests represent a transition from moist deciduous on the wetter side and thorn
forests on the drier side. They have a closed and even canopy.

77.Which of the following statements are correct regarding tropical thorn forests?

1. Tropical thorn forests are found in areas with black soil such as North, West, Central, and South India.

2. The trees of tropical thorn forests grow beyond 10 metres.

3. Spurge, caper, and cactus are typical species of tropical thorn forests.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: C [Only 1 & 3]

Notes:
Tropical thorn forests are found in areas with black soil such as North, West, Central, and South India.
The trees of tropical thorn forests do not grow beyond 10 metres. Spurge, caper, and cactus are typical
species of tropical thorn forests.

78.Which of the following are the climatic condition of tropical dry evergreen forests?

1. Annual rainfall in these forests is 100 cm.

2. The mean humidity is about 75 per cent.

3. The mean annual temperature is about 35°C.

Select the correct option from the codes give below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: A [Only 1 & 2]

Notes:

Tropical dry evergreen forests receive annual rainfall of 100 cm. The mean humidity is about 75 per cent
and the mean annual temperature is about 28°C.

79.Desert plants conserve water by which of the following methods?

1. Leaves are absent or reduced in size in desert plants.

2. Their leaves and stem are succulent and water storing.

3. Their root system is well developed and spread over a large area.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]

Notes:

Leaves are absent or reduced in size in desert plants. Their leaves and stem are succulent and water
storing. Their root system is well developed and spread over a large area.

80.Which of the follwoing are examples of natural coastal wetlands?

1. Aquculture

2. Estuary

3. Lagoon

4. Creek

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1, 2 & 3

[B] Only 2, 3 & 4

[C] Only 1, 2 & 4

[D] 1, 2, 3 & 4

Correct Answer: B [Only 2, 3 & 4]

Notes:

The examples of natural coastal wetlands are as follows: Estuary, Lagoon, Creek, Backwater, Bay, Coral
reef, Tidal flat, Mangroves, Salt marsh etc.

81.Which of the following statements are correct regarding Steppes?

1) Average rainfall is less than 200 mm a year.

2) Dry season of 10 to 11 months.

3) A very less variation in rainfall.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 3

[D] Only 1 & 3

Correct Answer: A [Only 1 & 2]

Notes:

Steppe formations occupy large areas in the western Rajasthan where we find sandy and saline soil. The
climate is semi-arid, and average rainfall is less than 200 mm a year. There is a dry season for about 10
to 11 months with a large variation in rainfall.

82.Which of the following are visible above the ground only during the rainy season, but have a
perennial underground

stem?

[A] Ephernerals

[B] Rain perennials

[C] Ephemeral

[D] None of the above

Correct Answer: B [Rain perennials]

Notes:

The rain perennials are visible above the ground only during the rainy season, but have a perennial
underground stem as they depend on the presence of subterranean water.

83.Which of the following are correctly matched?

Vegetation Moisture content

1. Tropical forests Heavy rain

2. Thorny shrubs Dry

3. Grasslands Moderate Rainfall

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3
Correct Answer: D [1, 2 & 3]

Notes:

Tropical forests are regions of high rainfall and high humidity. Grasslands grow in regions of moderate
rain. Thorny shrubs and scrubs grow in dry regions.

84.Arrange the following states in the ascending order of the Forest cover (percentage);

1) Mizoram

2) Meghalaya

3) Arunachal Pradesh

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] 1, 2, 3

[B] 1, 3, 2

[C] 2, 1, 3

[D] 3, 1, 2

Correct Answer: B [1, 3, 2]

Notes:

India State of Forest Report is a biennial publication of Forest Survey of India (FSI). The correct sequence
in the ascending order of the given state to Forest Cover (percentage) are:

1) Mizoram (85.4%)

2) Arunachal Pradesh (79.63%)

3) Meghalaya (76.33%)

85.Which of the following are the roles played by mangroves?

1. Mangroves protects coastal lands from tsunami, hurricanes and floods.

2. Mangroves help in moderating monsoonal tidal floods and reduce inundation of coastal lowlands.

3. Mangrove do not support much flora, avifauna and wild life.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: A [Only 1 & 2]

Notes:

Mangroves protects coastal lands from tsunami, hurricanes and floods. Mangroves help in moderating
monsoonal tidal floods and reduce inundation of coastal lowlands. Mangrove support rich flora,
avifauna and wild life.

86.Which of the following statements are correct about “Cat Ba langur”?

1. It is listed as critically endangered in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.

2. The species is found only on Cat Ba Island in the Gulf of Tonkin off the northeastern Vietnamese
shore.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:

Cat Ba langur is listed as critically endangered in IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. The species is
found only on Cat Ba Island in the Gulf of Tonkin off the northeastern Vietnamese shore.

87.What is the IUCN status of Grauer’s gorilla?

[A] Endangered

[B] Critically Endangered

[C] Threatened
[D] Near Threatened

Correct Answer: B [Critically Endangered]

Notes:

The IUCN status of Grauer’s gorilla is critically endangered. Its scientific name is “Gorilla beringei graueri
Matschie”. It is endemic to the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).

88.Which of the following statements are correct about Santa Catarina’s guinea pig?

1. It is a rare guinea pig species found in southeastern South America.

2. It is critically endangered as per IUCN.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:

Santa Catarina’s guinea pig is a rare guinea pig species found in southeastern South America. It is
critically endangered as per IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Its scientific name is Cavia intermedia.

89.Which of the following statements are correct regarding West Australian underground orchid?

1. Its scientific name is Rhizanthella gardneri.

2. The species is listed as Vulnerable on the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:

West Australian underground orchid’s scientific name is Rhizanthella gardneri. The species is listed as
Vulnerable on the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants. It was discovered in 1928 in the wheatbelt
of Western Australia.

90.Which of the following statements are correct regarding Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety?

1. It is not a part of agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity.

2. The Protocol establishes procedures for regulating the import and export of Living Modified
Organisms from one country to another.

3. The Protocol also requires Parties to ensure that LMOs being shipped from one country to another
are handled,

packaged and transported in a safe manner.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: B [Only 2 & 3]

Notes:

Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety is a part of agreement to the Convention on Biological Diversity which
establishes procedures for regulating the import and export of Living Modified Organisms from one
country to another. The Protocol also requires Parties to ensure that LMOs being shipped from one
country to another are handled, packaged and transported in a safe manner.

91.Lion tailed macaque, rhinoceros, great indian bustard, narcondam hornbill, nicobar megapode and
black buck are listed in which of the following schedules of Wildlife Protection Act?

[A] Schedule 1

[B] Part II of Schedule 2

[C] Schedule 3

[D] Schedule 4

Correct Answer: A [Schedule 1]

Notes:

Lion tailed macaque, rhinoceros, great indian bustard, narcondam hornbill, nicobar megapode and black
buck are listed in Schedule 1 of Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. They are provided with absolute
protection.

92.What is the IUCN status of Brown antlered Deer?

[A] Vulnerable

[B] Threatened

[C] Near Threatened

[D] Endangered

Correct Answer: D [Endangered]

Notes:

Brown antlered Deer which is also known as Sangai deer is the state animal of Manipur. Sangai is a
medium-sized deer, with uniquely distinctive antlers. It is categorized as Endangered by the
International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.

93.Which of the following is the only floating park in the world?

[A] Kaziranga National Park

[B] Khirganga National Park

[C] Kishtwar National Park

[D] Keibul Lamjao National Park

Correct Answer: D [Keibul Lamjao National Park]

Notes:
The Keibul Lamjao National Park is a national park in the Bishnupur district of the state of Manipur in
India. It is characterized by many floating decomposed plant materials locally called phumdis.

94.Which of the following statements are correct with respect to pollutants?

1. Primary pollutants re those pollutants which persist in the form in which they are added to the
environment.

2. Secondary Pollutants are those which are formed by interaction among the primary pollutants.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:

Primary pollutants re those pollutants which persist in the form in which they are added to the
environment. Secondary Pollutants are those which are formed by interaction among the primary
pollutants.

95.Pollen from plants, mite, and hair from pets, fungi and parasites are which kind of pollutants?

[A] Volatile organic compounds

[B] Pesticides

[C] Biological pollutants

[D] None of the above

Correct Answer: D [None of the above]

Notes:

Pollen from plants, mite, and hair from pets, fungi and parasites are Biological pollutants. Most of these
pollutants are allergens which can cause asthma, hay fever, and other allergic diseases.

96.Which of the following statements are correct regarding UNFCCC?

1) The primary goals of the UNFCCC were to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions.

2) India signed the agreement in June 1992.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: C [Both 1 & 2]

Notes:

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change was adopted in 1992. The primary goals
of the UNFCCC were to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions. India also signed the agreement in June
1992.

97.Which of the following is the result of rising levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide in oceanic
chemistry?

[A] Salinity will increase

[B] salinity will decrease

[C] pH will increase

[D] pH will decrease

Correct Answer: D [pH will decrease]

Notes:

When the uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the ocean increases, the concentration of hydrogen
ions in the ocean increases which results in the lowering of the pH of the oceans. This process is known
as ocean acidification.

98.Which of the following statements are correct regarding REDD?

1) REDD means Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation

2) the secondary objective is biodiversity conservation and poverty alleviation.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2

[C] Both 1 & 2

[D] Neither 1 & 2

Correct Answer: B [Only 2]

Notes:

REDD means Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation. The original objective of
REDD is to reduce greenhouse gases but it can also deliver “co-benefits” such as biodiversity
conservation and poverty alleviation.

99.Which of the following are the outcomes of the COP 16 Cancun summit?

1) Technology mechanism

2) Green climate fund

3) Adaptation fund

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2, & 3

Correct Answer: D [1, 2, & 3]

Notes:

The 16th C. O. P. was held at Cancun which is a city in southeast Mexico. The following are the outcomes
of the COP 16 Cancun summit:

1) Technology mechanism

2) Green climate fund

3) Adaptation fund
100.Which of the following statements are correct regarding Green Building?

1. Green Buildings minimize the demand of non-renewable resources and maximizes their utilization
efficiency.

2. They minimize reuse and recycling of available resources.

3. It benefits environment through the utilization of renewable resources.

Select the correct option from the codes given below:

[A] Only 1 & 2

[B] Only 2 & 3

[C] Only 1 & 3

[D] 1, 2 & 3

Correct Answer: C [Only 1 & 3]

Notes:

Green Buildings minimize the demand of non-renewable resources and maximizes their utilization
efficiency. They maximize reuse and recycling of available resources in the environment. It benefits
environment through the utilization of renewable resources.