ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATE: System Disorder

STUDENT NAME______________________________________
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)
DISORDER/DISEASE PROCESS___________________________________________________________ REVIEW MODULE CHAPTER____________

Alterations in Pathophysiology Related Health Promotion and

Health (Diagnosis) to Client Problem Disease Prevention
-acute, life threatening condition characterized by
Diabetic Ketoacidosis uncontrolled hyperglycemia (> 300 mg/dl) resulting in the -smoking cessation -avoid
breakdown of body fat for energy, dehydration, metabolic
(DKA) acidosis and an accumulation of ketones in the blood and second hand smoke -use
urine protective equipment

ASSESSMENT SAFETY
CONSIDERATIONS
Risk Factors Expected Findings Wear medical
Lack of sufficient insulin related to polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, weight alert bracelet.
undiagnosed or untreated type 1 loss, GI effects, orthostatic hypotension, Rapid onset
fruity odor/breath, metabolic acidosis,
dm or inadequate disease kussamaul resp. mental status changes
management.

Laboratory Tests Diagnostic Procedures

Serum glucose >300 Na++: low, normal, high K: < c treatment BUN:
>30 Cr: >1.5 Ketones: present in serum and urine Osmolarity: High blood glucose, cbc, ph, ketones,
pH (ABG): <7.3 Polyuria, Polydipsia, Polyphagia, Wt loss, GI Effectts
(N/V Abd pain), Blurred vision, HA, weakness, orthostatic electrolytes, BUN, arterial or
hypotension, fruity odor of breath, kussmaul respirations, metabolic
acidosis, mental status change venous blood gases, urinalysis,
Chest x-ray, ecg or ekg

PATIENT-CENTERED CARE Complications

Nursing Care Medications
Provide rapid isotonic fluid for perfusion to vital insulin aspart, insulin
organs. Monitor for fluid volume excess. Hypotonic
fluid 0.45 Na IV glucose if glucose >250 Administer glulisine, insulin
insulin Monitor K levels Administration of IV fluids, lispro, regular insulin,
administration of short acting insulin, electrolyte
replacement, assessment of mental status, record potassium chloride,
I&O, central venous pressure monitoring. and sodium
bicarbonate
Medications 0.45%
Na fluid 0.9 % NaCl
Insulin Glucose via
Therapeutic Procedures IV to decrease
cerebral edema
Fluid replacement Electrolyte Potassium
replacement Insulin therapy. Find supplements Sodium
out if patients have trouble getting bicarbonate for pH
insulin due to cost. Ensure clients less than 7.0
know how to administer insulins to Electrolytes
keep glucose down.
Client Education acute, life threatening
condition,
Teach clients how to monitor blood hypoglycemia,
glucose levels. Do not skip insulin
hypokalemia fluids
doses. Maintain adequate fluids check
and insulin can drop
urine for ketones, monitor glucose
every 4hrs when ill consume liquids potassium level this
with carbs and electrolytes can impair the
activities of heart,
muscles and nerves.
Cerebral edema. Left
Interprofessional Care untreated patient can
lose conscoiusness
Hospitalization based on and it can be fatal.
circumstance. Outpatient,
frequent communication
with HCP,

ACTIVE LEARNING TEMPLATES