Jose M.

Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

3. Let’s Try
Activity 1: Unlocking the Difficulties
Directions:
You will meet the following words in the texts you will read in the next pages. Using your dictionary,
look up for the meaning of each word them write the definition on the space provided for. You will earn two
points for each number. Please write legibly and follow the rules of capitalization and writing the words in full
as in no abbreviations.

1. Instinct – or innate behavior is the inherent inclination of a living organism towards a

particular complex behavior. The simplest example of an instinctive behavior is a fixed action
pattern, in which a very short to medium length sequence of actions, without variation, are
carried out in response to a corresponding clearly defined stimulus.

2. Culture – is an umbrella term which encompasses the social behavior and norms found
in human societies, as well as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, laws, customs, capabilities, and
habits of the individuals in these groups.

3. Malleable – capable of being extended or shaped by beating with a hammer or by the

pressure of rollers.

4. Micro-aggression - is a term used for brief and commonplace daily verbal or behavioral
indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or
negative attitudes toward stigmatized or culturally marginalized groups.

5. Hostile – is seen as form of emotionally charged aggressive behavior. In everyday speech it is

more commonly used as a synonym for anger and aggression.

6. Marginalized – to relegate to an unimportant or powerless position within a society or

group.

7. Admonished – to express warning or disapproval to especially in a gentle, earnest,

or solicitous manner.

8. Berate – to scold or condemn vehemently and at length

9. Curtail – to make less by or as if by cutting off or away some part

10. Rationality – is the quality or state of being rational – that is, being based on or agreeable
to reason. Rationality implies the conformity of one's beliefs with one's reasons to believe, and
of one's actions with one's reasons for action.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

3. Let’s See What You Have Learned

Activity 1 Direction: List down the differences between instinct and culture. You will get 10 points in this
activity.
Difference between Instinct and Culture
Instinct Culture

Instinctual aspects are present in Culture is the system of symbols that

specific actions such as breathing, allows people to give meaning to
making sounds when surprises or experience.
shocked, upright walking, or
choosing between fight or flight.
Instinct-driven actions, humans Culture provides people with systems
are distinct from other beings of shortcuts for meaningful
because they possess systems of interpretations and responses.
meanings that tell what is right or
wrong, and good or evil.
Procreation is an instinct as there Culture is superior to instinct
is a drive in people toward because it is malleable or adaptable.
procreation. It is both learned and inherited and
readily determines how one
understands and acts.
Instinct is by frame of Culture is handed down through
understanding that determines a generations
person’s giving meaning to
society.

Most of what people do is shaped Culture is necessary because when

or determined by these systems. an event or phenomenon takes place
people need to respond to it in a way
that is rational to them.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

Activity 2
Directions: Short Answer Questions. Write your answers on the space provided for. You will earn 20 points in
this activity.
Please remember:

 To use your words

 To observe the correct usage of grammar, punctuation marks ad rules of capitalization.
 To avoid contractions and abbreviation. You will earn 20 points in this activity.

1. How does culture shape people’s perception of reality?

- Culture can shape our view of the world. It sounds way too obvious to even be an
argument. Many studies have shown that people from different cultures see and perceive
things differently and that is probably due to how their culture shaped the way they view
the world. While I agree with this idea, I think people often overlook how culture can be
different for each individual and therefore affected by it differently. From these previous
studies, people have over-generalized the findings to large sum of population under such
broadly labeled culture and based on my personal experience, I would like to argue how we
should not just label people into culture in terms we often do.

2. Why is a change in culture important in achieving gender equality?

- Culture is about a way in which we interact with one another, in which we negotiate
relationships of power. Within the context of population and development
programs, gender equality is critical because it will enable women and men to make
decisions that impact more positively on their own sexual and reproductive health as well
as that of their spouses and families.

3. Why are sexism and discrimination associated with culture and rationalities?

- Sexism and discrimination are associated with culture and rationalities because they can
affect people's beliefs, so there are areas that are still undeveloped because of these
discrimination. Many people are also not given the opportunity to show or demonstrate
their abilities to help the community.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

3. Let’s Try
Activity 1. Unlocking of Difficulties
Directions: You will meet the following words in the texts. You will read in the next pages. Using your
dictionary, look up for the meaning of each word then write the definition on the space provided for. You will
earn two points each for each number.

1. Phenomena- is "an observable fact or event." The term came into its modern philosophical
usage through Immanuel Kant, who contrasted it with the noumenon, which cannot be
directly observed.

2. Illumination- is the deliberate use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects. Lighting
includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as
natural illumination by capturing daylight.

3. Allegory- a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning,
typically a moral or political one.

4. Metaphor- a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to

which it is not literally applicable.

5. Stark- severe or bare in appearance or outline.

6. Connectedness- the state of being connected and having a close relationship with other
things or people.

7. Empathy- is the capacity to understand or feel what another person is experiencing from
within their frame of reference, that is, the capacity to place oneself in another's position.

8. Introspection- is the examination of one's own conscious thoughts and feelings. In

psychology, the process of introspection relies on the observation of one's mental state, while
in a spiritual context it may refer to the examination of one's soul.

9. Infallible- refers to an inability to be wrong. It can be applied within a specific domain, or it

can be used as a more general adjective. The term has significance in both epistemology and
theology, and its meaning and significance in both fields is the subject of continued debate.

10. Gut- used in reference to a feeling or reaction based on an instinctive emotional response
rather than considered thought.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

4. Let’s See What You Have Learned

Activity 2
Directions: Match the women’s ways of knowing in Column A, with the implications in Column B. You will
earn 10 points in this activity.
Column A
b 1. Silence
a 2. Received knowledge
e 3. Subjective knowledge
d 4. Procedural knowledge
c 5. Constructed knowledge
Column B
a. Listening to the voices of others
b. indicates an observance of thought
or reflection
c. integrating the voices
d. voice of reason and separate and
connected knowing
e. the inner voice and the quest for self
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

Activity 3
Directions: Short answer Questions. Write your answers on the space provided for. You will earn 20 points in
this activity.
Please remember:
 To use your words
 Observe the correct usage of grammar, punctuation marks and rules of capitalization.
 To avoid contractions and abbreviations you will earn 20 points in this activity.

1. Why are there many different ways of knowing?

- In order to understand them as well as to help others understand them. These different
ways of knowing lead not only to fuller knowledge of self and others; they also lead to
alternate perceptions, apprehensions of the truth, and ideas and actions for addressing
our shared challenges.

2. How is silence associated with knowledge?

- Implicit knowledge or silent knowledge is used for the kind of knowledge that is difficult to
transfer to another person by means of writing it down or verbalizing it. Without the
possibility to gain silent knowledge from a more experienced person, you have to learn it
by experimenting on your own.

3. Why is procedural knowledge not enough to voice out women’s concerns?

- All women grow up having to deal with historically and culturally engrained definitions of
femininity and womanhood. A woman does not think or reason like a man nor does she
look at those in authority the same way due to her experiences and interactions with
parents, culture, and her economic situation.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

1. Let’s Try
Unlocking of Difficulties
Activity 1: Direction: You will meet the following words in the texts you will read in the next pages. Using
your dictionary look up the meaning of each word then write the definition on the space provided for. You will
earn 2 points for each number.

1. Sexist- characterized by or showing prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination, typically

against women, on the basis of sex.
2. Micro-aggressions- is a term used for brief and commonplace daily verbal or behavioral
indignities, whether intentional or unintentional, that communicate hostile, derogatory, or
negative attitudes toward stigmatized or culturally marginalized groups.

3. Invisibilization- the discursive act of making something invisible. Constructing the

discourse around it, so that it is not mentioned or seen.

4. Trivialization- to make something seem less important than it really is.

5. Polarization- is a property applying to transverse waves that specifies the geometrical

orientation of the oscillations. In a transverse wave, the direction of the oscillation is
perpendicular to the direction of motion of the wave.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

4. Let’s See What You Have Learned

Activity 3: Direction: Short Answer Questions. Write your answers on the space provided for. You will earn 20
points in this activity. Please remember:
- To use your words.
- To observe the correct use of grammar, punctuation marks and rules of capitalization.
- To avoid contractions and abbreviations.

1. Why is language important?

- Helps express our feelings, desires, and queries to the world around us. In order to
travel the world, whether for business or pleasure, a desire and willingness to adapt to
new cultures and methods is necessary. Adaptability, of course, includes the ability to
communicate with new people in various dialects.

2. What is sexist language?

- Is language that unnecessarily identifies gender. It can take several forms: a pronoun
that denotes a single sex when the information being conveyed pertains equally to
either or both sexes.

3. In what ways can language discriminate?

- Using language to discriminate is simply how we communicate to someone else
that we are discriminating against them. I'm not sure how else we can make
someone understand that they're being discriminated against other than telling
them (via language) or actually showing them (via action).

4. How can a name give power to ideas?

- A name, or identity, is a powerful thing. It is a descriptor that allows people to make
quick judgments and assumptions about us. While we can understand the harm of
assumptions, for the human mind it is a fast way to categorize a lot of information in a
short amount of time.

5. What are some steps that can be taken to achieve gender-fair language?
- Talk to women and girls. Let girls use mobile phones. Stop child marriage and sexual
harassment. Make education gender sensitive. Raise aspirations of girls and their
parents. Empower mothers. Give proper value to 'women's work. Get women into
power.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

1. Let’s Try
Activity 1: Direction: Think about the education sector. What kind of women are involved in this sector? Are
they treated differently because of their gender? What challengers are particular to female students, if any?
Write your answer on the space provided for. You will earn 20 points in this activity. Please remember:

- To use your words.

- To observe the correct usage of grammar, punctuation marks and rules of capitalization.

- To avoid contractions and abbreviations.

1. What kind of women are involved in the education sector?

- The kind of women that are involved in the education sector are hardworking,
dedicated to the sworn duty, all work hard to do the job without asking for a
replacement and most of all they consider their own children to be their mentors so
that they can guide it

2. Are they treated differently because of their gender?

- In my opinion, the treatment of female educators is not different compared to the
treatment of male educators, because each educator has their own specialty in their
field, each has her own talent.

3. What challenges are particular to female students, if any?

- Many female students have been affected in different and varied ways. Although
identified challenges range from social-economic to policy and institutional
based, sexual harassment even by male lecturers, cyber bullying among
others. Sexual harassment in tertiary institutions is one of the most prevalent
challenges for girls in college as they are pressured to transact sexual favours
with their lecturers for high marks.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

4. Let’s See What You Have Learned

Activity 3: Direction: Short Answer Questions. Write your answers on the space provided for. You will earn 15
points in this activity. Please remember:
- To use your words.
- To observe the correct use of grammar, punctuation marks and rules of capitalization.
- To avoid contractions and abbreviations.

1. What areas of concern stand out form from the rest? Why?
- In my opinion, the areas of concern stand out from the rest is the discrimination on
women, because today it is still impossible to avoid discrimination even though there
are laws about it, many people still violate it. They are not afraid of the law,
discrimination continues especially against women.

2. How does gender affect a woman’s financial stability considering different aspects of their lives?
- In defining women’s economic empowerment, They notes that it is "concerned not
just with increases in women’s access to income and assets, but also with con trol
over them and how they use that control in other aspects of life." In other words,
how does economic participation change their lives?

3. What could be the effect of women’s insufficient access to health information and services?
- Two of the most common cancers affecting women are breast and cervical cancers.
Detecting both these cancers early is key to keeping women alive and healthy. Sexual
and reproductive health problems are responsible for one third of health issues for
women between the ages of 15 and 44 years. Unsafe sex is a major risk factor –
particularly among women and girls in developing countries. Many women are now
benefitting from massive improvements in care during pregnancy and childbirth
introduced in the last century.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

1. Let’s Try
Activity 1: Watch the latest television show or movie that features a poor woman. What are the woman’s
dreams? Do you believe these dreams can fulfill her capabilities as a woman? Discuss why she is poor and what
hinders her from attaining her creative potential. Write your answers on the space provided for. You will earn
20 points in this activity. Please remember:
- To use your words.
- To observe the correct usage of grammar, punctuation marks and rules of capitalization.
- To avoid contractions and abbreviations.

1. What are the woman’s dreams?

- She dreams of sending her children to good school and giving them a luxurious life.

2. Do you believe these dreams can fulfill her capabilities as a woman?

- In my opinion, her dreams strengthened her more as a woman, because she worked
harder to fulfill them. She went into various jobs just to give her children a good life.

3. Discuss why she is poor and what hinders her from attaining her creative potential.
- She became poor because she had many children, and her husband died immediately
because of a disease, so she was the only one supporting her children, because she did
not finish school she could not get a good job, so she persevered with a small salary.
Then her reprimanding children go hand in hand. So she can't leave her children to look
for a good job.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

4. Let’s See What You Have Learned

Activity 3: Direction: Short Answer Questions. Write your answers on the space provided for. You will earn 15
points in this activity. Please remember:
- To use your words.
- To observe the correct use of grammar, punctuation marks and rules of capitalization.
- To avoid contractions and abbreviations.

1. Why is the quest for development problematic?

- An idea that has recently found its way back into writings on economic growth is that
the capability for modern growth may vary among societies for historical and cultural
reasons that may ultimately be linked to their long-run economic experience. That
there may exist capabilities for economic growth that differ across countries, and that
are reflected in the quality of organizational skills and institutions.

2. What are the causes of destructions and depletions?

- Resources are depleted when it is being used faster than it can replenish
itself. Overpopulation. With 7 billion people on the planet, the demand on Earth’s
resources continue to increase. Overconsumption and waste. This is the excessive and
unnecessary use of resources. Deforestation and the Destruction of Ecosystems leading to
loss of biodiversity. Mining of Minerals and Oil. Technological and Industrial Development.
Erosion. Pollution and Contamination of resources.

3. Identify the ways women are excluded for the discourse of development?
- A crucial area is the exclusion of women in decision making and governance structures
and many agencies have worked at overcoming hindrances against the participation of
women in these processes. Clearly, women need to participate in development that is more
than just an expansion of the existing economic system. Development should not simply
mean the Westernization of the world. Women of different cultures must come together
and demand that their voices be heard. It is important for both men and women.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

2.Let’s Try
Activity 1: Think about your needs as a person. Make a list of these basic needs and find out how society
responds to them. You will earn 10 points in this activity.

1. Good Shelter
2. Having nutritious food in the table
3. Having a stable job and good income

- In my opinion, this is still not the focus of our society because there are still many people
who do not have proper housing, many people are hungry and do not have food, and
there are many jobs and poor salaries.
Jose M. Cruz Jr
BSHM 2-A

4. Let’s See What You Have Learned

Activity 3: Direction: Short Answer Questions. Write your answers on the space provided for. You will earn 20
points in this activity. Please remember:
- To use your words.
- To observe the correct usage of grammar, punctuation marks and rules of capitalization.
- To avoid contractions and abbreviations.

1. Differentiate gender interests from gender needs. How are they related to one another? Give two
examples for each.
- Practical gender needs are the needs of women or men that relate to responsibilities
and tasks associated with their traditional gender roles or to immediate perceived
necessity. Addressing strategic gender interests assists women and men to achieve
greater equality and to change existing gender roles and stereotypes.

Gender Interest
1. Good Job
2. Stable income and Family

Gender Needs
1. Having a child
2. Having a wife or husband

2. Why is it necessary to distinguish “gender interests” from women’s interest?

- With women more people-oriented and less thing-oriented than men. Gender
differences in personality tend to be larger in gender-egalitarian societies than in
gender-inegalitarian societies, a finding that contradicts social role theory but is
consistent with evolutionary, attributional, and social comparison theories. In
contrast, gender differences in interests appear to be consistent across cultures and
over time, a finding that suggests possible biologic influences.