Cruz Jr, Jose M.

BSHM 2-A

1. Let’s Try
Unlocking of Difficulties
Activity 1: Direction: Look up for the meaning of each word and write the definition on the space provided for.
You will earn 2 points for each number.
1. Advocate- is a person who represents another person's interests, like a lawyer does. In fact,
the word comes from the courtroom it's from Latin advocare, to “add” a “voice.”
To advocate is to add a voice of support to a cause or person.

2. Treaty- is a formal and binding written agreement entered into by actors in international
law, usually sovereign states and international organizations but can include individuals and
other actors.

3. Mainstreaming- is a term used to describe the integration of children with hearing loss into
regular school classrooms so they can learn alongside their hearing peers.

4. Empowerment- is the degree of autonomy and self-determination in people and in

communities. This enables them to represent their interests in a responsible and self-
determined way, acting on their own authority.

5. Discrimination- is the act of making unjustified distinctions between human beings based
on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they are perceived to belong.

6. Trafficking- is the trade of humans for the purpose of forced labour, sexual slavery, or
commercial sexual exploitation for the trafficker or others. This may encompass providing a
spouse in the context of forced marriage, or the extraction of organs or tissues, including for
surrogacy and ova removal.

7. Exploitation- is the act of selfishly taking advantage of someone or a group of people in

order to profit from them or otherwise benefit oneself.

8. Mutilation- is cutting off or causing injury to a body part of a person so that the part of the
body is permanently damaged, detached or disfigured.

9. Unprecedented- never having happened or existed in the past

10. Gender equality- is when people of all genders have equal rights, responsibilities and
opportunities. Everyone is affected by gender inequality women, men, transgender
and gender diverse people, children and families.
Cruz Jr, Jose M.
BSHM 2-A

4. Let’s See What You Have Learned

Activity 3: Directions: Match the description in Column A with the laws and policies in Column B. Write
the letter of the correct answer on the blank.

Column A Column B
B. 1. Right to life, nationality, education, a. Convention on the Elimination of all
livelihood etc. Forms of Discrimination Against Women
A. 2. Affirms the reproductive rights of b. Universal Declaration of Human Rights
women . c. Millennium Development Goals
D. 3. Aims for complete participation of d. Beijing Platform for Action
women in all spheres of life. e. Sustainable Development Goals
C. 4. Promotes international commitment f. Philippine Commission of Women
to meeting women’s needs and g. Harmonizes Gender and Development
empowerment. h. Philippine Plan for Gender Responsive
E. 5. Aims to address the root causes of i. Women’s Empowerment Development
poverty and inequality and Gender Equality
H. 6. Covers the following domains, the j. Philippine Constitution
individual, the family, as well as
socio-cultural, economic, political
and legal issues
G. 7. Calls for gender main streaming
in all government programs and
policies
I. 8. Promotes the integration of a gender
lens into all aspects of planning
J. 9. Mandated Women’s rights
F. 10. First development plan to integrate
women’s interests
Cruz Jr, Jose M
BSHM 2-A

1. Let’s Try
Unlocking of Difficulties
Activity 1: Direction: Using your dictionary look up for the meaning of each word then write the definition on
the space provided for. You will earn 2 points each for each number.
1. Oppression- is malicious or unjust treatment or exercise of power, often under the guise of
governmental authority or cultural opprobrium.

2. Paradigms- is a distinct set of concepts or thought patterns, including theories, research

methods, postulates, and standards for what constitutes legitimate contributions to a field.

3. Suppression- the action of suppressing something such as an activity or publication.

4. Phallocentric- is the ideology that the phallus, or male sexual organ, is the central element
in the organization of the social world.

5. Egalitarian- relating to or believing in the principle that all people are equal and deserve
equal rights and opportunities.

6. Feeble-minded- referred to as illnesses or deficiencies of the mind. At the time, mental

deficiency encompassed all degrees of educational and social deficiency.

7. Catalyst- a substance that enables a chemical reaction to proceed at a usually faster rate or
under different conditions (as at a lower temperature) than otherwise possible.

8. Paranoia- is the feeling that you're being threatened in some way, such as people watching
you or acting against you, even though there's no proof that it's true.

9. Misogynistic- strongly prejudiced against women.

10. Cults- is a social group that is defined by its unusual religious, spiritual, or philosophical
beliefs, or by its common interest in a particular personality, object or goal.
Cruz Jr, Jose M.
BSHM 2-A

4. Let’s See What You Have Learned

Activity 3: Direction: Short Answer Questions. Write your answers on the space provided for. Please
remember.
-To use your words.
-To observe the correct use of grammar, punctuation marks and rules of capitalization.
-To avoid contractions and abbreviations.
You will earn 20 points in this activity.
1. Why women were highly regarded in ancient times?
- One prominent theory on the oppression of women concerns the shift of paradigms:
from ancient civilizations that worshipped the earth goddess to the male suppression
of this goddess. Miles explains that early civilizations' first great gods were women.
This mother figure was celebrated and venerated for her fertility. It is believed that in
the past, women were respected more than men.

2. What are the theories tracing the possible root causes of women subjugation and oppression in
history? Explain.
- One prominent theory on the oppression of women concerns the shift of paradigms:
from ancient civilizations that worshipped the earth goddess to the male suppression
of this goddess. Miles explains that early civilizations' first great gods were women.
This mother figure was celebrated and venerated for her fertility. It is believed that in
the past, women were respected more than men. This theory of early goddess-based
social organization stipulates that the worship of the mother goddess lasted for as long
as people experienced the development of life as a mystery and a gift. Human beings
changed the way they saw and experienced life. A major paradigm shift was thought to
have occurred the moment people started to focus on the empirical, rather than the
mythical. As people became more interested in controlling food production through
agriculture, the kind of knowledge that focused on cause and effect became necessary.
3. What is gender essentialism? How does essentialist reasoning contribute to the oppression of
women?
- Gender essentialism is a concept used to examine the attribution of fixed, intrinsic,
innate qualities to women and men. In this theory, there are certain universal, innate,
biologically- or psychologically-based features of gender that are at the root of
observed differences in the behavior of men and women. In Western civilization, it is
suggested in writings going back to ancient Greece. With the advent of Christianity, the
earlier Greek model was expressed in theological discussions as the doctrine that there
 are two distinct sexes, male and female created by God, and that individuals are
immutably one or the other.
4. What can you do to reshape the prevalent thinking that women are of the lesser sex?
- Some people think of women as the lesser sex because of their biological makeup.
Women are smaller and less bulky, hence, cannot become good warriors, laborers, or
athletes. They are fundamentally built for child-bearing and child-rearing because of
these bodies. The woman's mind is assumed incapable of abstract, logical thinking
such that they are believed less capable of scientific and other highly academic
endeavors. Women also come with natural impurities because they bleed on a monthly
basis. Their moral weakness makes them unsuitable for leadership and meaningful
participation in religious rituals. They are also the primary source of the human’s fall
from thus, cannot be trusted in building a better world for mankind.
Cruz Jr, Jose M.
BSHM 2-A

1. Let’s Try
Unlocking of Difficulties
Activity 1: Directions: Look up for the meaning of each word then write the definition on the space provided
for. You will earn 2 points each for each number.
1. Feminism- is a range of social movements, political movements, and ideologies that aim to
define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes.

2. Emancipation- is any effort to procure economic and social rights, political rights or
equality, often for a specifically disenfranchised group, or more generally, in discussion of
many matters.

3. Juxtaposed- is an act or instance of placing two elements close together or side by side. This
is often done in order to compare/contrast the two, to show similarities or differences.

4. Suffrage- political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political
elections. In some languages, and occasionally in English, the right to vote is called active
suffrage, as distinct from passive suffrage, which is the right to stand for election.

5. Radical- advocating or based on thorough or complete political or social change; representing

or supporting an extreme or progressive section of a political party.
Cruz Jr, Jose M.
BSHM 2-A

4. Let’s See What You Have Learned

Activity 3: Direction: Short Answer Questions. Write your answers on the space provided for. Please
remember.
- To use your words.
- To observe the correct use of grammar, punctuation marks and rules of capitalization.
- To avoid contractions and abbreviations.
You will earn 15 points in this activity.

1. What is feminism?
- Feminism is a range of social movements, political movements, and ideologies that aim
to define and establish the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the
sexes. Feminism incorporates the position that societies prioritize the male point of
view, and that women are treated unjustly within those societies. Efforts to change
that include fighting against gender stereotypes and establishing educational,
professional, and interpersonal opportunities and outcomes for women that are equal
to those for men.

2. State the three waves of Western feminism and identify the distinct feature of each.
- The first wave of feminism involves the call for women's equal rights, focusing on the
woman's right to vote. It is largely rooted in the liberal political thought which
prioritized the power of reason and the mind. The next wave is known as radical
feminism, a post-World War Il era of feminism when women were already recognized
as having distinct biological needs from men, such as for reproductive health, and
needs that arose from their being socialized as women. The last wave of feminism is
rooted in the recognition of various theories and various modes of being. To be truly
free from patriarchy, the recognition of intersectionality considers women's struggle
from different parts of the globe—such as that of the Black or Latin women— to be
distinct struggles that are different from women's struggles in the Western world.

3. What is postmodern feminism?

- Postmodern feminism is a mix of post structuralism, postmodernism, and French
feminism. The goal of postmodern feminism is to destabilize the patriarchal norms
entrenched in society that have led to gender inequality. Postmodern feminists seek to
accomplish this goal through rejecting essentialism, philosophy, and universal truths
in favor of embracing the differences that exist amongst women to demonstrate that
not all women are the same.
Cruz Jr, Jose M.
BSHM 2-A

1. Let’s Try
Unlocking of Difficulties
Activity 1: Directions: Look up for the meaning of each word then write the definition on the space provided
for. You will earn 2 points for each number in this activity.
1. Colonial- is the policy of a country seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people
or territories, generally with the aim of economic dominance. In the process of colonization,
colonizers may impose their religion, language, economics, and other cultural practices on
indigenous peoples.

2. Dowry- is a transfer of parental property, gifts, or money at the marriage of a daughter.

Dowry contrasts with the related concepts of bride price and dower.

3. Babaylan- were shamans of the various ethnic groups of the pre-colonial Philippine islands.
These shamans specialized in communicating, appeasing, or harnessing the spirits of the
dead and the spirits of nature. They were almost always women or feminized men.

4. Militant- means vigorously active, combative or aggressive, especially in support of a cause,

as in "militant reformers".

5. Exploitation- the action or fact of treating someone unfairly in order to benefit from their
work.
Cruz Jr, Jose M.
BSHM 2-A

4. Let’s See What You Have Learned

Activity 3: Direction: Answer the questions that follow. Write your answer on the space provided for. You will
earn 20 points in this activity.

1. How did the role of Filipino women evolve?

- Filipino women were reduced to instruments for propagating the colonial system and
producing the next generation that would ensure its survival, Chastity, purity, and
forbearance were thus promoted simply to subdue the early Filipina to her new role
and constrict her creative participation in the society. This kind of woman was
ironically portrayed by Rizal through the character of Maria Clara who was "sweet,
docile, obedient, self-sacrificing" and who "never had the courage to share the fate of
her beloved." She was "forced into an engagement with a Spaniard, chose to enter the
convent to flee from a loveless marriage, and made a more permanent escape from the
vicissitudes of life into insanity."

2. Write at least three kinds of responses of Filipino Women to oppression.

- The first aspect of women's oppression is due to their gender. Women are oppressed
simply because they are women. The second is their membership in a social class or
sector of society. Thus, for instance, women suffer hardships not only because they
are women but because they are marginalized farmers, domestic servants, or factory
workers. Finally, women are oppressed as citizens of a former colony due to the
continuing effects of exploitative globalization. The combination of these three are
called intersectional oppression, or the multiple oppression that women face due to
the marginalization of other parts of their identity.

3. How did oppression emerge in the Philippine society?

- The Philippines has made significant strides in improving the lives of women. Yet,
reality shows they remain vulnerable and oppressed.