BAHASA INGRIS PERTANIAN

Criteria of A Proper Scientific Presentation

Disusun Oleh :
HARIS ANGGITA SETIAWAN
20180210082

PROGRAM STUDI AGROTEKNOLOGI

FAKULTAS PERTANIAN
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH YOGYAKARTA
2021
 I. PRELIMINARY

A. Background

Presentation is a branch of rhetoric that requires speaking skills. One of the most dreaded
things is when someone has to speak in front of many people. Speaking in public for most
people is something tense and frightening, as if all the eyes of the audience are judging the
person who is speaking as if they are the accused who are being tried by the audience.
Speaking in public, like it or not, is a skill that must be mastered because at one point in
time, surely we have to speak in front of a number of people to convey messages, questions,
responses or our opinions about something. Simple things, for example, when we have to
speak in front of an audience at a child's birthday or something that determines a career such
as presenting a project or product proposal. Presentation is an integral part especially for
those who work as teachers, including students, such as students. Through presentation, one
can communicate ideas / ideas directly to the audience. However, sometimes, the
presentation that was delivered was less attractive. For this reason, presentation techniques
are needed so that the presentation is delivered attractive. Presentation is indeed not an easy
thing to do, especially for beginners or those who don't have presentation experience. The
material to be presented is the most decisive weight. To support the performance of the
presentation, the power point display that is presented must be concise, so it's easy to
understand. In presenting, articulation must also be considered. Therefore, if the
presentation wants to run smoothly and get a positive response from the audience, use
techniques in the presentation. Presentation techniques are highly recommended so that the
presentations are easily understood, understood and practiced by the audience. So, as a
speaker, never underestimate the audience because they are the target and measure of a
person's success in delivering a presentation.

In a presentation, the following items or elements are needed: (1) speaker (presenter); (2)
interlocutors, audience (listeners); (3) symbol (spoken language); (4) messages, intentions,
ideas, ideas (presentation material). (Yusuf Zainal A., 2013: 97)
 II. DISCUSSION

a. Definition of Presentation

Presentation is the presentation or delivery of someone's written or scientific work in

front of a forum of invitation / participant or an activity of speaking in front of the
public / public (audience), in order to propose an idea or idea to gain mutual
understanding or agreement Attendance of participants in presentations is useful for
making presentations more active and direct, and efficient within the specified time
period. In the Big Indonesian Dictionary it is stated that presentation has the meaning
of "giving, pronouncing, speech (at the acceptance of a position, an introduction about
someone to someone usually has a higher position), presentation, or performance
(about plays, films, etc.).

b. Presentation Purpose

The objectives of the presentation are:

1. Informing Presentations contains information that will be conveyed to others. This

kind of presentation should convey information in detail and clearly so that the
listener can receive the information well and do not misperceive the information
given.
2. Convincing Presentations contain information, data, and evidence arranged logically
(sensibly) and systematically so as to convince the listener on a certain topic.
Contradiction and obscurity of information and illogical arrangement can reduce
people's confidence in the presentation that is delivered.
3. Persuading A presentation logically can make the listener willing to take an action or
action. The presentation can contain persuasion (invitation), or seduction
accompanied by evidence so that the listener does not hesitate and is sure to take an
action.
4. Inspiring Presentations aims to inspire and motivate listeners or audiences.

c. Presentation Strategy
Presentations also play a role in delivering the content of the material, apart from being
packaged in a shorter and more interesting way, slides can be a facility to present
research results. The coherence (coherence / relationship) of the slides will support the
smoothness of the presentation and attract the attention of the audience, because if there
is no support from the audience it can interfere with the smoothness of the presentation.
For example, the audience talks to themselves, is rowdy, bored, and sleeps. In addition,
slides are also influenced by the software used. There are several software options that
can be used in presentations, namely: microssoft power point, open office impress, flash
point, macromedia flash, macromedia captivate.

Presentation technique is characterized by:

a. Presentation slide creation
The following are presentation techniques that need to be considered when making
presentation slides, namely:

1. Choose a relevant design theme. A good slide will be able to explain the ideas and
ideas that a presenter wants to convey. Thus, the audience will be helped when they
see the slides that are displayed and the presenter will find it easier to explain what the
meaning of the slides contains. The type of design must follow the principle of
relevance, meaning that it is in accordance with the topic being discussed, for
example the presentation of cattle with slides with a picture of a cow.
2. Avoid long text feeds. Using text that is too long can make slides unreadable to the
audience. If it is not clear, the audience can read the print out of the scientific paper, if
they do not understand it, the audience can ask questions during the question and
answer session. Some presentation experts recommend a maximum of five lines of
text on a slide. Thus, if you must display text in list form, make sure it is no longer
than five lines.
3. Regular flow A good slide has an orderly flow, from introduction, explanation /
content, to closing. Slides whose contents jump from one topic to another without a
clear flow will make it difficult for the audience to understand.
4. Provide relevant multimedia To add interest, slides can be added with relevant
multimedia, such as images, animation, audio, video. Multimedia compatibility with
the topic of conversation must support each other, not confuse the audience.
5. One slide, contains one message Good presentation slides focus only on one message.
Each slide should represent an idea that you want to explain. Don't mix several
 different ideas into one slide. The audience will be confused and find it difficult to
digest.
6. Pay attention to the character of the letter and the size of the letter The character of
the letters and the size of the letters on the slide must be proportional and in
accordance with the illustration, not too big and not too small.

b. Delivering the presentation

The following are presentation techniques that need to be considered when giving a
presentation, namely:

1. Prepare Yourself. Frequent practice The more practice you do, the more proficient
you will be in your presentation. A skill or skill can be obtained if you practice often.
Appearance Maintaining appearance at the time of presentation is also very important.
A person's appearance can increase self-confidence.
2. Prepare Materials and Materials. Determine the important points (not slides full of
writing) b. Master the material (describe the point verbally) c. Prepare supporting
examples d. Arrange the material in a structured manner
3. Mode of Delivery. Relaxed, polite, and not rushed
b. Intonation and body language c. Interaksid. Easy language
c. Presentation Structure

1. Openers are very important because this is an opportunity to grab the audience's
attention about what is being said, build your credibility as a presenter that you are the
right person and deserve to be heard, and deliver the outline of the presentation.
2. Contents The contents of the prepared presentation will make it easier to arrange the
opening and closing. From the topic to be conveyed, try to describe it in several main
points. Then develop them from these points into sub-points. Don't forget to take into
account the length or time you want to use for the presentation, about how many
minutes it will take to convey one main point.
3. Closing To make an attractive impression, the closing must give a lasting impression
so that it will be remembered by the audience.
 d. Characteristics of a Good and Correct Presentation

1. Delivering with enthusiasm and being mentally prepared The level of enthusiasm
must be adjusted, not too monotonous or too enthusiastic, because it affects the
impression of the audience. The mental attitude must also be strengthened so as not to
damage concentration.
2. The clarity of speaking in front of the audience The speaker tool must be adapted to
the conditions of the room so that the voice does not sound vague, unclear or too loud.
Speaker assistance should be paid attention to before the presentation begins.
3. Served systematically The systematization of presentation affects concentration so
that it makes an impact on audience understanding.
4. Give acceptable arguments: Arguments should be acceptable to the audience and not
ambiguous. Arguments are usually presented in a question and answer session.
5. The slides are legible and attractive. Readable slides or attractive slides must run in a
relevant manner. In addition, the slides must be appropriate, varied, the illustration of
each slide must be appropriate, the professional use of multimedia, the selection of
size and typeface, the appearance of the concept map, the adjustment of the color
composition.
6. Eye contact with the audience In order to deliver a presentation not to have a bad
impact, eye contact must be adapted to the entire audience.
7. Doing talking gestures The movement at the time of delivery must be appropriate, the
presentation is too stiff and too hyperactive will affect your appearance.
8. Use of matching clothes When going to make a presentation, care must be taken to
maintain the appearance of dignity so as not to affect the presentation of the speaker
or audience.
9. Have a question and answer session The question and answer session can be a
criticism or suggestion from the audience as well as an active communication between
the speaker and the audience. With that your presentation will come alive.
10. Delivered in a timely manner The speaker must pay attention to the condition of the
audience. If the presentation is too short it usually creates a bad impression, because
the material presented may not be understood by the audience.

E. Presentation Techniques
Types of presentation are divided into four, which can be described as follows (Tarigan,
2008).

a. Text Presentation (Reading Presentation)

Form of speech by fully using the text (reading the words written on the paper). The
advantages of this type of presentation are (1) the delivery is carried out sequentially /
systematically, (2) the words that come out are properly and correctly expressed, and (3)
there are no errors in their delivery. The weaknesses of this type of presentation include (1)
the listener will feel bored in listening to it, (2) the listener is not motivated to listen, (3) the
delivery of information is not attractive, (4) the speaker is too busy reading the script so that
he does not make eye contact with the listener. as if indifferent to the listener.

b. Memorized Presentation

Rote presentation is a style of conversation in which the contents of the presentation are
written and then memorized. For example, brief study reports and results of visits or
observations. Unlike the types of manuscript and memorized which do not use a script in
their delivery. The speaker only prepares by memorizing from the text the information to be
conveyed. The advantages and disadvantages of this type of presentation are almost the same
as manuscript. In addition, this type of presentation is very bad to do, because if you forget
the words of the script, the presentation will fail.

c. Impromptu Presentation

Spontaneous talk is also called direct / informal talk without careful preparation on the part of
the speaker. This type of presentation has advantages and disadvantages. The advantages,
namely (1) the information conveyed is in accordance with the true feelings of the speaker,
(2) the words or sounds that come out are the result of spontaneity, and (3) make the speaker
think while conveying the information. There are weaknesses of this type of presentation,
namely (1) the information conveyed is choppy, because it takes time to think and process
words, (2) it is not sequential / systematic in its delivery, because the information is conveyed
suddenly, (3) sometimes a fever occurs. stage, because there is no preparation regarding what
to say.

d. Presentation with Cards (Note Cards Presentation)

The discussion with cards contains descriptions according to the listener's reasoning, but the
essence of the presentation is still adjusted to the purpose of the conversation. The speaking
technique is free, natural, and according to the audience's response level. With advances in
information technology, this model is carried out with an 'electric card' in the form of a power
point, so there is no need to hold the card anymore.

The advantages of this type are (1) the speaker can convey information clearly, because there
is prior preparation, (2) the speaker can deliver it systematically / sequentially, (3) the speaker
in delivering it attracts the attention of the listener, because it is not guided by the script or
memorization, but not deviating from the outline of the material, (4) more freely in delivery,
(5) the speaker can make eye contact with the listener, so that it will be seen whether the
message conveyed is interesting or not. The weaknesses are (1) it is necessary to have
sufficient insight into the theme to be discussed, (2) it takes a long time to prepare the
presentation, (3) for beginners, it is difficult to do because it requires sufficient expertise and
experience.
III. Conclusion
The strategy for making interesting presentations is mastering the material and
mastering presentation techniques so that listeners are interested and do not
get bored with the material presented
 Reference

Abidin, Yusuf Zainal. 2013. Introduction to Rhetoric. Bandung: Faithful Library.

Tarigan, Henry Guntur. 2008. Speaking as a Language Skill. Bandung: Space.