 

1. The velocity of a particle moving in the x-y plane is given by 6.12i + 3.24

j m/s

at time t=3.65 s. Its average acceleration during the next 0.02 s is 4i + 6 j m/s2.

Determine the velocity v of the particle at t=3.67 s and the angle θ between the
average-acceleration vector and the velocity vector at t=3.67 s.

Solution:    
 
at t=3.65 s, v = 6.12i + 3.24 j aav = 4i + 6 j (during 0.02 s)

at t=3.67 s, v =?

 v t =3.67 − (6.12i + 3.24 j )
  
 ∆v 
aav = ⇒ 4i + 6 j =
∆t 0.02
   
v = v t =3.67 = 6.2i + 3.36 j 
a

θ v
   
v ⋅ a = v a cos θ
   
(6.2i + 3.36 j )⋅ (4i + 6 j ) =  6.2 2 + 3.36 2  4 2 + 6 2  cos θ

  
44.96
cos θ = ⇒ θ = 27.85 0
50.85
2. The y-coordinate of a particle in curvilinear motion is given by y = 4t3−3t, where y is in meters
and t is in seconds. Also, the particle has an acceleration in the x-direction given by ax = 12t m/s2.
If the velocity of the particle in the x-direction is 4 m/s when t = 0, calculate the magnitudes of
   
the velocity v and acceleration a of the particle when t = 1 s. Construct v and a in your solution.
Solution:

y = 4t 3 − 3t ⇒ y = v y = 12t 2 − 3 ⇒ y = a y = 24t

when t=1 s vy = 9 m/s , ay = 24 m/s2

vx t
dv x
ax=12t ax = ⇒ dv x = a x dt ⇒ ∫ dv x = ∫ 12tdt
dt 4 0
v x − 4 = 6t 2 ⇒ v x = 6t 2 + 4

when t=1 s vx = 10 m/s , ax = 12 m/s2

vy ay 
 a a= a x2 + a 2 2
v v= v x2 + v 2
y = 13.45 m / s y = 26.83 m / s

 vy   ay 
θ θ = a tan  = 41.98 o
 α α = a tan  = 63.43o

 ax 
 vx 
vx ax
3. A particle moves in the x-y plane with a y-component of velocity in meters/second given
by vy=8t with t in seconds. The acceleration of the particle in the x-direction in meters per
second squared is given by ax=4t with t in seconds. When t=0, y=2 m, x=0 and vx=0. Find
the equation of the path of the particle and calculate the magnitude of the velocity of the
particle for the instant when its x-coordinate reaches 18 m.
Solution:
x direction y direction
dv x dv y
ax = = 4t y = v y = 8t ⇒ = ay = 8 m / s2
dt dt
vx t t y t
dy
∫ dv x = ∫ a x dt ⇒ v x − 0 = ∫ 4tdt vy = ⇒ ∫ dy = ∫ 8tdt
0 0 0 dt 2 0
2
v x = 2t y − 2 = 4t 2 ⇒ y = 4t 2
+2
dx x t
vx = = 2t 2 ⇒ 2
∫ dx = ∫ 2t dt 1
dt 2 0 t= y−2
2
2t 3 2t3
3
x−0 = ⇒ x= 2 1 
3 3 x=  y − 2 =
21
( y − 2)3 / 2
3 2  38

x2 =
1
( y − 2 )3 Equation of the path
12
calculate the magnitude of the velocity of the particle for the instant when its x-
coordinate reaches 18 m.

2t 3
x = 18 m ⇒ x= = 18 ⇒ t =3s
3
v x = 2t 2 ⇒ v x = 18 m / s
v y = 8t ⇒ v y = 24 m / s

v= v x2 + v 2
y = 18 2 + 24 2 = 30 m / s
4. A long-range artillery rifle at A is aimed at an angle of 45o with the horizontal,
and its shell is just able to clear the mountain peak at the top of its trajectory.
Determine the magnitude u of the muzzle velocity, the height H of the mountain
above sea level, and the range R to the sea.
5. A projectile is launched with an initial speed of 200 m/s at an
angle of 60o with respect to the horizontal. Compute the range R as
measured up the incline.
 ay=−g
ax=0 (vo ) x = 200 cos 60 = 100 m / s
y (vo ) y = 200 sin 60 = 173.2 m / s

Horizontal:
x = xo + (vo ) x t ⇒ R cos 20 = 0 + 100t (1) at B

Vertical:

y = y o + (vo ) y t −
1 2 1
gt ⇒ R sin 20 = 0 + 173.2t − 9.81t 2 (2) at B
2 2

(1) ⇒ t=0.0094R

R sin 20 = 173.2(0.0094 R ) − 9.81(0.0094 R )2

1
(2) ⇒
2
R = 2967.2 m
6 . Determine the location h of the spot which the pitcher must
throw if the ball is to hit the catcher’s mitt. The ball is released
with a speed of 40 m/s.
 y
(vo ) x = 40 cos θ
x
(vo ) y = −40 sin θ
ay=−g
ax=0

Horizontal: x = xo + (vo ) x t
1
⇒ 20 = 40 cos θt ⇒ t =
2 cos θ
Vertical: y = y o + (vo ) y t − −1.8 = 0 + (− 40 sin θ )t − 9.81t 2
1 2 1
gt ⇒
2 2
2
1 1  1 
− 1.8 = −40 sin θ − 9.81  ⇒ −1.8 = −20 tan θ − 1.226 sec 2 θ sec 2 θ = 1 + tan 2 θ
2 cos θ 2  2 cos θ 
( )
1.226 1 + tan 2 θ + 20 tan θ − 1.8 = 0 tan θ = x

2 − 20 ± 20 2 − 4(1.226 )(− 0.574 )

1.226 x + 20 x − 0.574 = 0 ⇒ x1,2 =
2(1.226 )
0.0286 1.638
x→ θ→
− 16.355 − 86.5

20 m d=20 tan1.638=0.572 m
1.638o d h=2.8−(1+0.572)=1.228 m
7. A golfer strikes the ball at the top of a hill with an initial velocity of vo=12 m/s
and θ=60o with the horizontal. Determine the coordinates of the point the ball hits
the ground, its velocity at this moment and its total flight time. The equation of
curvature of the hill is given by y= −0.05x2. Dimensions are given in meters. Take
the gravitational attraction of the earth as g=9.81 m/s2.

y
vo

θ
x

y=−0.05x2
Determine the coordinates of the point the ball hits the ground, its velocity at this moment and its total
flight time.
y
vo=12 m/s (vo ) x = 12 cos 60 = 6 m / s
ay=−g (vo ) y = 12 sin 60 = 10.39 m / s
ax=0
θ=60ο Horizontal: x = xo + (vo ) x t = 6t
x
O
y = y o + (vo ) y t −
1 2
Vertical: gt
2

B y = 10.39t − 4.905t 2
y=−0.05x2

y = −0.05 x 2 ⇒ 10.39t − 4.905t 2 = −0.05(6t )2

10.39t − 4.905t 2 + 1.8t 2 = 0 ⇒ 10.39t − 3.105t 2 ⇒ t1 = 0 For O
t 2 = 3.35 s For B
(t2 is the total flight time.)
Coordinates of B: xB=20.1 m , yB=−20.24 m
Impact velocity: vx=6 m/s (cst), vy=(vo)y − gt=10.39− 9.81(3.35)=−22.47 m/s

v= v x2 + v 2
y = 23.26 m / s
8. For a certain interval of motion, the pin P is forced to move in the
fixed parabolic slot by the vertical slotted guide, which moves in the x
direction at the constant rate of 40 mm/s. All measurements are in mm
 
and s. Calculate the magnitudes of v and a of pin P when x = 60 mm.
9. Pins A and B must always remain in the vertical slot of yoke C, which
moves to the right at a constant speed of 6 cm/s. Furthermore, the pins
cannot leave the elliptic slot. What is the speed at which the pins approach
each other when the yoke slot is at x = 50 cm? What is the rate of change
of speed toward each other when the yoke slot is again at x = 50 cm?

yoke
60 cm
C
100 cm x
6 cm/s

x
10. A projectile is launched with speed v0 from point A. Determine
the launch angle θ which results in the maximum range R up the
incline of angle α (where 0≤ α ≤ 90°). Evaluate your results for α =
0, 30° and 45°.