Insructions

1. Simplified estimation of drying capacity

This simple application estimates PM drying capacity based on

the given PM production and specific evaporation rate

At existing machines ( rebuild or speed-up ) drying rate of existing

machine should always be estimated first.

2. Required input data

2.1 General PM data

Optional data, and is only shown at the prints

2.2 Machine data

Basic machine and production data and cylinder diameters
are always needed.
Also dry contert before and after the dryer section is needed.

2.3 Calculation parameters

Parameters (specifific drying capacity) for the calculation is given
at the last sectioin of input data. It can be modified based on the
paper grade, steam pressure or measured data from the PM

For detail estimation, contact machine supplier. Suppliers use

their own factors for dryer bars, dual/single felted areas, etc….

Sivu 1
 Input data

Application: KGU_App_Drying_Capacity Date 2021-04-11

Input data for estimation of drying capacity

1. General PM data ( Optional, required at prints)

Paper company name Company
Location Mill
Machine number PM X

2. Machine data
Produced grade Medium
PM reel trim 5750 mm 226 in
PM reel speed 1000 m/min 3281 fpm
Basis weight ( base) 70.0 g/m2
Dryness before dryer 46.0 %
Dryness after dryer 94.0 % 580 tpd

3. Dryer section and sylinder data

Cylinder outer diameter 1800 mm 32.5 m2/cyl
Paper wrap on cylinder 360.0 deg 32.5 m2/cyl
Cylinders available 39 pcs 1267 m2

4. Calculation parameters
Steam pressure 5.0 bar
Specific drying rate *) 20.0 kg/h/m2

*) Please see attached graphs to estimate the spefic drying rate

Consept of dryer section (single/dual felted), syphon type, dryer bars

raw material type, hood moistures have an effect to the evaporation.

TAPPI figures give average figures for the specific evaporation.

machine suppliers use factors for the different constructions.

For detail data, contact always your supplier

Picture 1. Typical hood operation conditions ( Ajit K Ghosh / TAPPI )

Sivu 2
 Input data

Picture 2. Effect of hood moisture (Hood balance) to drying rate (medium).

Picture 3: Effect of steam presure to evaporation, TIP 0404-07

Sivu 3
 Input data

10 bar
5 bar

Picture 4. Evaporation rate, paper - wood containing TIP 0404-07

2 bar

5 bar

Picture 5. Evaporation rate, averages of all grades, TIP 0404-07

Sivu 4
 Input data

Picture 4. Water vapour pressure

Sivu 5
 Input data

Water vapour pressure,

p (kPa)
1400

1200
10 bar
1000
Pressure, kPa

800
5 bar
600

400 2 bar
200

0
100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Temperature, C

Sivu 6
 Input data

Effect of pressure 5 bar => 10 bar

Sivu 7
 Input data

1.21

Effect of pressure 2 bar => 5 bar

1.25

Sivu 8
 Input data

T (kPa) p (kPa) bar

100 100 1.0
110 145 1.5
120 200 2.0
130 270 2.7
140 360 3.6
150 480 4.8
160 620 6.2
170 790 7.9
180 1000 10.0
190 1240 12.4

Sivu 9
 Picture_SI

Estimation of dryer capacity

Company
Mill Mill
PM PM X

Before dryer Required evaporation Web after drying

545 tpd (100%) 605 tpd 580 tpd
46 % 25.2 t/h 545 tpd (100% )
1184 tpd total 0.65 t/h/cylinder 1000 m/min
640 tpd water 70 g/m2
27 t/h water 5750 mm
94.0 %
35 tpd water

Specific evaporation *) 20 kg/h/m2 Diameter 1800 mm

Steam pressure 5.0 bar Wrap 360 deg (full)
Cylinders available 39 pcs Area 32 m2/cylinder
Cylinders needed 38.8 pcs - Available 1267 m2/total
- Required 1260 m2/total
*) See input sheet for different paper grades and steam pressures

Sivu 10
 Picture_SI

Double-check of calculation
Specific evap. 20 kg/h/m2
Area/cyl. 32 m2/cylinder
Evaporation/cyl. 650 kg/h / cylinder
Cylinders req. 38.8 pcs
Total evaporation 25.2 tn/h
Total evaporation 605 tpd

Sivu 11