Ryan Absar Ilmi 1806187581

Assignment 2020-01

In the first sub-chapter we discussed many examples of communication services that

enables the exchange of information between users at different locations. It starts from as
simple as telephone to peer-to-peer applications such as torrent and Napster. From those
examples we a communication network is the equipment that can be a hardware or software
and facilities that provide the basic communication service. The communication network is
design and operated by a communication network architecture, it is the plan that specifies how
the network is build and operated. Network architecture partitions overall communication
process into separate functional areas called layers. Throughout the year network architecture
itself evolves around the technology from a telegraph networks to internet packet switching
and computer application and for the foreseeable future, network architecture can evolve to
multi service packet switching network.
The first communication network architecture to be planned and run is telegraph
network and message switching. Telegraph communication is breakthrough during that time
when messages is transported by pigeons and man riding horses across the country, it uses
electricity, drums, beacons and light. The first telegraph to be invented is the optical telegraph
in the 1790s by Claude Chappe. The system mimics a person with outstretched arms with flags
in each hand so different angle combination of arms and hands generated hundred of possible
signals. This way of telegraph could propagate 800kim in 3 minutes. However, to extend the
signal a message switching is implemented where network nodes were created where several
optical telegraph lines met. The nodes are in north, east, south and west line. So, to send the
messages from west to north each message was carried by hand to next line and store until
becomes available for next transmission. Later optical telegraph is replaced by electric
telegraph using Morse code converts text message into sequence of dots and dashes. Electric
telegraph networks use addressing, routing, and forwarding to make sure a message can be
delivered even if the distance is far away from the source. A Baudot telegraph multiplexer is
use to combine 4 signals in to one wire.
In the 1875 Alexander Graham Bell is working on harmonic telegraph to multiplex
telegraph signals. During that time Bell discovered voice signals can be transmitted directly
using microphone to converts voice pressure variation into analogous electrical signal. With
the system Bell implemented there is a problem called N square problem which for N users to
be fully connected directly it requires N(N-1)/2 connection that requires too much spare for
cables. So, a patch cord panel switch is invented in 1877 it only uses N connection to central
office. But an operator must be standby to connect users on demand. As time passes in 1888
Strowger invented automated switch where each current pulse advances wiper by 1 position so
the user dialling controls connection setup. When computer become a thing a computer controls
connection in telephone switch. Along the years of telephone evolution, the transmission,
switching and control evolve. From a digital switching in the 80s to an optical digital
transmission in 1990s, even today the telephone is transmitted using internet protocol.
The last chapter discussed is about computer networks and packet switching. The
computer network first started in the 1950s with the telegraph technology adapted to
Ryan Absar Ilmi 1806187581

computers. Then in the 80s through 90s internet and new application growth rapidly. The basic
element of internet is a protocol which is a set of rules that governs how two or more
communication parties are to interact. The early computers were very expansive it uses time-
sharing methods that allowed multiple terminals to share local computer. Medium Access
Control is created for sharing a line.

Concept of The Future Communication Network

We live in a world where 1Gbps of download speed is more common than you think.
The uses of fibre optic is a great way to transfer data from one place to another. But it has its
limitation, some area with poor and less populated is not covered by this connection. In the
future an array of satellite can be used to reach the area where fibre optic cant reach. This
project is started by Elon Musk with its star link. If we can implement this project in Indonesia
all thousands of islands can have high speed internet connection that can help them.