Christian School

Scope & Sequence 2020–2021

Preschool–Grade 12

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Scope & Sequence
CONTENTS
Preschool 2- & 3-Year-Olds. . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Kindergarten 4-Year-Olds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Kindergarten 5-Year-Olds. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
First Grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Second Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Third Grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Fourth Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Fifth Grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Sixth Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
Seventh Grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Eighth Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126
Ninth Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144
Tenth Grade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Eleventh Grade  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
Twelfth Grade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194
Electives
Foreign Languages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211
Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215
Keyboarding/Document Processing . . . . . 220
Speech. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
Family & Consumer Sciences . . . . . . . . . . 223
Art. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224
 2- & 3-Year-Olds  |  PRESCHOOL

Language Arts: Phonics 3-Year-Olds

Letters and Sounds for 3s is a beginning ABC book for three-year-olds. Added Enrichment
Each new letter is introduced by an animal alphabet friend. This animal ƒƒ Lessons featuring 12 themes
friend helps the child recognize the letter and learn the letter’s sound. including circus, farm, rain ­forest,
Letters and Sounds for 3s is also designed to teach early writing skills. community helpers, children of the
Children learn letter formation and practice hand-eye coordination as world, zoo
they trace or glue items to letters. ƒƒ Games involving parades, animals,
playing community helpers, and
more (126)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Phonics Skills Development hh Identify articles in a bag by touch

hh Recognize each ­letter’s shape and sound hh Zip and unzip an item
hh Play games that include galloping, tightrope walking, bouncing a ball
Motor Skills Development
hh Practice hand-eye coordination: Creativity Development
hh Trace letter shapes hh Animal Alphabet Friends (26)

hh Glue objects on letter shape hh Recognize letters on picture ­flashcards

hh Work puzzles hh Practice letter name and sound with Amber Lamb puppet and
felt letters
hh Fish with magnet on pole
hh Learn a song for each letter
hh Toss a beanbag

Language Arts: Language 2- & 3-Year-Olds

P– K4
Children love to learn new things. With the Language Development Visuals, Added Enrichment
children develop their language and listening skills as they learn about and ƒƒ Corresponding poems in most lessons
discuss God’s creation and the people and world around them. Ninety-nine
ƒƒ Comprehension questions
76 pictures & Teacher Guide for science • health • safety • manners
topics include science, health, safety, manners, community helpers, geogra-
ƒƒ Learning games
community helpers • geography • history • family • colors • shapes

phy, history, family, colors, and shapes.

ƒƒ Picture flashcards (76)
ƒƒ Additional activities
ƒƒ Animal Alphabet Friends Flashcards (26)
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 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Language Skills Development hh Science: apples, eggs, Edison and light bulb, flowers, garden, mag-
nets, night, jungle, peanuts, pond, rain forest, rubber, sea, spring,
hh Develop language and listening skills through 99 topical studies
fall, summer, winter, vegetables, water, wind and weather, zinnias
including:
hh Miscellaneous topics: rainbow colors, What color is it?, shapes
hh Animals and their habitats: ants, arctic animals, bears, butterflies,
and shape pictures, astronaut, buses and boats, cars, Eskimos,
birds, cats, camels, ducks, dogs, forest animals, hummingbirds,
family, farm, games, Here we go!, groceries, house, Indians, jelly,
insects, jellyfish, jungle animals, koalas, ladybugs, lambs, mice,
jam, juice, jellybeans, kindergarten, names, olives, opposites, pairs
ostriches, pandas, rabbits, reptiles, underground animals, wood-
of things, quarter, quilt, reading, telephone, transportation, yarn,
peckers
zipper, zoo
hh Countries around the world: Canada, England, Israel, Japan,
­Australia, Mexico, The Netherlands, land of Africa Motor Skills Development
hh Health, safety, manners: hh Increase motor skills through language-driven activities:
hh God made me, healthy bodies, kitchen safety, manners, hh Action games such as hide-and-seek, monkey tag, jellyfish tag,
neighbors and “Simon Says” (50)
hh Senses: tasting and smelling, seeing, hearing, touching hh Finger plays including “Fish for Fish,” “My House,” and “The Wood-
hh Table manners pecker’s Home” (20)
hh Community helpers: doctor, dentist, firefighter, letter carrier, nurse, hh Activities involving play dough, building blocks, finger painting,
pastor, police officer, veterinarian puzzles, and more (85)
hh Character development: kindness, listening, obeying quickly, being hh Coloring activities (5)
quiet hh Directed drawings (18)

Language cont. p. 2

1
 PRESCHOOL  |  2- & 3-Year-Olds
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Language cont.
Creativity Development hh 237 special activities such as:

hh Poems (77) hh Having c

­ ertain foods for snacks
hh Games involving feeding animals, pretending to help at home, find- hh Acting out familiar stories

ing hidden items, matching pairs, and more (88) hh Bringing animals to the classroom
hh Having community helpers visit the classroom
hh Taking field trips
hh Songs such as “Old MacDonald’s Farm” and “Oh, Be Careful” (13)

Language Arts: Poetry 2- & 3-Year-Olds

Fun Poems and Finger Plays, a compilation of more than 120 poems and Added Enrichment
finger plays, includes many of the traditional poems young children have ƒƒ Additional resource poems and
enjoyed for generations, together with new works in rhyme. finger plays (21)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development hh Benefit from exposure to basic literature skills such as rhyming
words
hh Memorize poems and finger plays (42)
hh Practice motor skills
hh Recite in unison
hh Develop use of appropriate expression

Numbers 2- & 3-Year-Olds

2-year-olds

Learning Numbers with Button Bear is a number-recognition and coloring book espe-
2-year-olds

Learning cially designed for two-year-olds. This text helps children to listen, follow directions, and
Numbers
Learning Numbers with

with
practice hand-eye coordination as they learn number concepts 1–10.
Second Edition

Numbers and Skills with Button Bear helps three-year-olds sharpen their
3-year-olds
3-year-olds

Numbers listening skills, follow directions, and practice hand-eye coordination as

& Skills
´0rV*k¨ with they learn number concepts 1–15. Children enjoy tracing pathways, doing
dot-to-dot, and coloring large, simple forms on these skill sheets.
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Second Edition

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 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers Skills Development 3-Yr.-Olds

2-Yr.-Olds ƒƒ Review counting from 1–25
hh Count from 1–25 hh Count from 26–30

hh Understand number concepts 1–10: ƒƒ Review number concepts 1–10

hh Counting objects hh Understand number concepts 11–15:

hh Number recognition hh Counting objects

hh Proper sequence hh Number recognition

hh Proper sequence

Numbers cont. p. 3

2
 2- & 3-Year-Olds  |  PRESCHOOL
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Numbers cont.
Motor Skills Development Creativity Development
2-Yr.-Olds 2-Yr.-Olds
hh Learn each number using Button Bear puppet
hh Jump and clap a given number of times
hh Count felt objects, paper objects such as acorns, flowers, apples,
hh March and hop while counting to a given number
leaves, points on a caribou’s antlers, money pieces, and toy animals
hh Color given pictures
hh Apply skills and concepts in activities such as counting animals,
3-Yr.-Olds picking apples, delivering the mail, and feeding peanuts to an
ƒƒ Break a piñata “elephant” (64 games)
ƒƒ Jump and clap a given number of times 3-Yr.-Olds
ƒƒ March and hop while counting to a given number ƒƒ Learn each number using Button Bear puppet
ƒƒ Color hh Practice number recognition and concepts with puppet,
hh Trace and follow dot-to-dots felt numbers, and objects
hh Apply skills and concepts in activities such as placing dots on lady-
bug, shopping in a grocery store, delivering the mail, building a turtle
shell, and gathering eggs (76 games)

Bible 2- & 3-Year-Olds

Preschool Bible Coloring Sheets provide a review for Bible stories that children have
heard during Bible time. These 40 coloring sheets are assigned in the Preschool Cur-
riculum to be done during Skills Development time.

P–K4
Large, colorful Abeka Flash-a-Cards are designed to hold each child’s
Old Testament Stories
interest as he learns about God and His Son, Jesus. Selected Old and New
Series 2 Flash-a-Card

Testament lessons are presented using Old Testament Stories, Series 1 &
Evaluation
8 Lessons • 37 Cards
1 David the Shepherd
2 David and Goliath 2, and New Testament Stories, Series 1 & 2. ƒƒ Memory verses (not graded)
3 King David Is Kind
4 Elijah at Mount Carmel
5 Naaman and the Servant
6 Lions Cannot Hurt Daniel
7 Queen Esther
8 Jonah

Preschoolers will also enjoy learning about the first Thanksgiving, the birth
Lesson Guide Included

of Christ, and Christ’s resurrection while viewing the Holiday Stories Flash-
a-Cards. At the end of the year, a cumulative review of Bible lessons will
Lions Cannot Hurt Daniel
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help children remember what they have learned.
David the Shepherd abeka.com

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 174 Abeka Flash-a-Cards hh Holiday lessons (7):

hh Old Testament lessons (18): ­ hh Cover the First Thanksgiving, Birth of Jesus, Shepherds See the
Savior, Wise Men Worship Jesus, Triumphal Entry and Last Supper,
hh Feature biblical events and people including: Creation, Adam and
Christ’s Crucifixion and Resurrection, Jesus Appears Alive and
Eve, Noah, Abraham, Isaac (2), Joseph, Moses, Hannah, Samuel,
Returns to Heaven
David (3), Elijah, Elisha and Naaman, Daniel, Queen Esther, Jonah
hh New Testament lessons (22): Music 37 songs
hh Include events in the life of Christ and some of the stories Jesus hh Choruses, holiday songs, patriotic songs
told such as Jesus’ Boyhood, Follow Me, First Miracle, Woman at
Well, Nobleman’s Son, Fishing with Jesus, Jesus Heals Paralyzed Memory Work
Man, Beside the Pool, Jesus Stills the Storm, Jairus’s Daughter, ƒƒ Place stickers on verse chart after correctly reciting verse:
Feeding Five Thousand, Jesus Walks on Water, Blind Bartimaeus, hh 2- and 3-yr.-olds: new verses (10 each)
Ten Lepers, Good Samaritan, Lost Lamb, Prodigal Son, Jesus Loves
ƒƒ 3-yr.-olds: review verses (9)
the Children, Rich Young Ruler, Zacchaeus, Friends at Bethany,
Heaven Prayer Time
hh Learn to pray with thanksgiving

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 PRESCHOOL  |  2- & 3-Year-Olds

Music 2- & 3-Year-Olds

Fun Songs for Little Ones contains 50 songs including both traditional and
newer songs young children love. The sing-along CD makes song time easy
Preschool
for the teacher and enjoyable for the children.

for K4

for 2s & 3s

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 50 songs Variety of Songs to Memorize

hh Reinforce letters and numbers being taught hh Animal songs, motion songs, seasonal songs

hh Understand message of the song hh Fun songs about the alphabet, character building, colors, counting,

hh Improve coordination by using motions to keep time with words family, and food
hh Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest: making
appropriate animal sounds; using hand motions; placing their name
in a song

Arts & Crafts 2- & 3-Year-Olds

2-year-olds
Arts and Crafts with Button Bear has been 3-year-olds
The colorful projects in Arts and Crafts with
2-year-olds

3-year-olds

designed to give two-year-olds delightful Amber Lamb give three-year-olds delightful

Second Edition opportunities to enjoy art as they develop Second Edition opportunities to enjoy art and develop motor
motor skills. The ­variety of projects, which skills while they paint, glue, and color projects
introduces young children to basic art and with seasonal, biblical, and fun themes.
craft concepts, correlates with academics,
Bible teaching, seasons, and holidays.

´0s3(c¨ Child Art for 2s gives children additional art´0sS*d¨ 3-year-olds

Three-year-olds learn colors and shapes,
sheets emphasizing coloring skills. learn how to follow directions, and develop
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hand-eye coordination with the projects in

Second Edition
Child Art for 3s. Pictures have been drawn
with wide, colorful lines in simple styles with
the preschooler in mind.

Added Enrichment ´0sv*f¨ Added Enrichment

ƒƒ Child Art for 2s: coloring pages that ƒƒ Child Art for 3s:
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coordinate with themed topics ƒƒ Coloring pages that coordinate with

themed topics
ƒƒ Occasional poems to enhance coloring
page

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development ƒƒ Reinforce Language Development topics

2-Yr.-Olds 51 projects ƒƒ Gluing, coloring
hh Folding
hh Recognize 8 colors: red, yellow, blue, green, purple, orange, black,
brown ƒƒ Applying glitter
hh Recognize 4 shapes: square, circle, rectangle, triangle
Technique Development
hh Apply proper colors to guided practice activities
2-Yr.-Olds
hh Reinforce Language Development topics
hh Coloring in the lines
hh Coloring, gluing, taping, applying glitter
hh Finger painting, sponge painting

3-Yr.-Olds 52 projects 3-Yr.-Olds

ƒƒ Review 8 colors and 4 shapes
ƒƒ Coloring in the lines, gluing, finger painting, sponge painting
hh Associate groups of objects with colors
hh 3-D Objects
hh Develop comprehension by answering thinking questions

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Children have been introduced to some K4 concepts in preschool curriculum. 4-Year-Olds  |  KINDERGARTEN

Language Arts: Phonics

ABC-123 contains brightly-colored exercises that will appeal to 4-year-olds Added Enrichment
and reinforce their beginning ­phonics and reading skills. ƒƒ Abeka games (19)
Writing with Phonics K4 provides phonics practice later in the year. ƒƒ Additional games and activities (45)
ƒƒ Enrichment activities (37)
ƒƒ Guided and independent practice
activities

Evaluation
ƒƒ Oral evaluations (8) include letter
recognition, blending, and reading

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development hh Apply phonics concepts to reading:

hh Recognize: hh Blends

hh The five vowels and their short sounds hh One- and two-vowel words

hh The 21 consonants and their sounds hh Simple sentences and stories

hh The long sounds of the five vowels hh Learn sight words the, a, and I

hh Blend a consonant and vowel together (19 consonants) hh Learn purpose of a story title

hh Sound one- and two-vowel words hh Learn that words ending in ’s are possessive

hh Learn these phonics rules: hh Know to:

hh c/k rule: k goes with i and e; c goes with the other three, a, o, and u hh Capitalize letters at beginning of sentences

hh When c and k come together we say the sound only once hh Place period at end of sentences

hh s can say “s” or “z” hh Apply phonics concepts through abundant guided and independent
practice activities including:
hh q is always followed by u; vowel sound students hear will not be
short u, but sound of vowel which follows u hh Letter picture recognition and association

hh When a word ends in a double consonant, we say its sound only hh Blend and word association with picture

once hh Sound recognition

hh One- and two-vowel words phonetically hh Dictation for developing sound recognition and spelling application

Language Arts: Reading

Little Books 1–12 and Animal Friends Books 1–8 are the basis of the K4 Materials
reading program. The Little Books give children practice reading letters, ƒƒ Readers (20)
words, and simple sentences. Each book is short enough to complete in
ƒƒ Letter Picture Flashcards,
K4
two or three sessions. Later, students are thrilled to be able to read simple Blend Practice Cards A, and
Little Book 2
to Read and Color
stories in their very own Animal Friends readers. One-Vowel Word Cards for
K4 review
Jake

This book belongs to me:

This book belongs to me:

Animal Friends Book 6

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development hh Successfully follow along with oral readers

hh Apply phonics sounds and rules hh Build oral skills including:

hh Achieve accuracy hh Accuracy

hh Improve comprehension hh Expressive reading

hh Read sight words the, a, I hh Smoothness

hh Receive differentiated instruction with ability grouping hh Appropriate pace

Reading cont. p. 6

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KINDERGARTEN  | 4-Year-Olds
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Reading cont.
Readers ƒƒ Little Book 9 reviews 5 vowels, s, j, n, d, and k; practices y and v,
blending y and v with several vowels and reading several one-
ƒƒ Little Book 1 practices 5 vowels (names and sounds); includes a
vowel words; combines these letters to read one short sentence;
written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters
includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters,
ƒƒ Little Book 2 practices 5 vowels, and consonants m, s, and r
matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and
(names and sounds); practices blending consonants m, s, and r
pictures to color
with a vowel and reading a one-vowel word; includes a written
ƒƒ Little Book 10 reviews 5 vowels, d, j, y, v, and t; practices w and z,
exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, matching letters
blending w and z with several vowels and reading several one-
with pictures beginning with that sound, and pictures to color
vowel words; combines these letters to read one short sentence;
ƒƒ Little Book 3 reviews 5 vowels, m, r, and s; practices b and t, blend-
includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters,
ing b and t with a vowel and reading one-vowel words for each;
matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and
combines these letters to read one short sentence; includes a
pictures to color
written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, match-
ƒƒ Little Book 11 reviews 5 vowels, v, w, y, and z; practices w and z,
ing letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and pictures to
blending w and z with several vowels and reading many one-vowel
color
words; combines these letters to read one short sentence including
ƒƒ Little Book 4 reviews 5 vowels, m, r, s, t, and b; practices f and g,
sight word the; includes a written exercise matching capital with
blending f and g with a vowel and reading one-vowel words for
lowercase letters, matching words with pictures, and pictures to
each; combines these letters to read one short sentence; includes
color
a written exercise matching capital with lowercase letters, match-
ƒƒ Little Book 12 reviews 5 vowels, w, x, z, and q; practices reading
ing letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and pictures to
several words and short sentences including sight words a and the
color
which make up two stories; includes a written exercise matching
ƒƒ Little Book 5 reviews 5 vowels, f, t, b, s, and g; practices p and h,
words with pictures and pictures to color
blending p and h with several vowels and reading several one-
ƒƒ Tip and Gus are readers that include a warm-up with several one-
vowel words; combines these letters to read one short sentence;
vowel words, a review of sight words a and the, the “z” sound for
includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase let-
the letter s sometimes, and a story made up of one-vowel words
ters, matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and
and sight words.
pictures to color
ƒƒ The reader Tess and Bess includes a warm-up with several one-
ƒƒ Little Book 6 reviews 5 vowels, p, f, h, b, and g; practices l and c,
vowel words, a review of sight words a and the, and a story made
blending l and c with several vowels and reading several one-
up of these and other one-vowel words and sight words, observing
vowel words; combines these letters to read one short sentence;
new punctuation, and practicing appropriate expression
includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase let-
ters, matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and ƒƒ Matt the Rat includes a warm-up with several one-vowel words
pictures to color many of them ending in double consonants, blending two conso-
nants, a review of sight words I, a, and the, and a story made up of
ƒƒ Little Book 7 reviews 5 vowels, c, l, p, h, and m; practices k and n,
these and other one-vowel words, rhyming words, and sight words.
blending k and n with several vowels and reading several one-
vowel words; combines these letters to read one short sentence; ƒƒ Pet Pete practices one- and two-vowel rules; includes several (5)
includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase let- exercises for phonetically marking short and long sounds in one-
ters, matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and and two-vowel words and a story made up of these and other
pictures to color words; encourages observing new punctuation and practicing
appropriate expression
ƒƒ Little Book 8 reviews 5 vowels, r, l, c, n, and k; practices d and j,
blending d and j with several vowels and reading several one- ƒƒ Jake practices one- and two-vowel rules; includes several (4) exer-
vowel words; combines these letters to read one short sentence; cises for phonetically marking short and long sounds in one- and
includes a written exercise matching capital with lowercase let- two-vowel words and a story made up of these and other words
ters, matching letters with pictures beginning with that sound, and ƒƒ Dave and A Pal practice many one- and two-vowel words; each
pictures to color includes a story made up of many one- and two-vowel words

6
 4-Year-Olds  |  KINDERGARTEN

Language Arts: Language

P– K4

The Language Development Teacher Guide and 76 accompanying picture Added Enrichment
flashcards provide a delightful way for children to expand their language ƒƒ Picture flashcards (76)
skills as they learn new vocabulary words, increase listening skills as they
76 pictures & Teacher Guide for science • health • safety • manners
ƒƒ Corresponding poems in most l­essons
hear new information and then answer questions, and strengthen motor
community helpers • geography • history • family • colors • shapes

ƒƒ Comprehension questions, learning

skills as they ­participate in fun games and activities. By learning about the
games, additional activities
world around them, children will develop an appreciation for God’s creation.
ƒƒ Animal Alphabet Friends Flashcards (26)
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(optional)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Language Skills Development hh Miscellaneous topics: rainbow colors, What color is it?, shapes and
shape pictures, astronaut, buses and boats, cars, Eskimos, family,
hh Develop language and listening skills through 99 topical studies
farm, games, Here we go!, groceries, house, Indians, jelly, jam, juice,
including:
jellybeans, names, olives, opposites, pairs of things, quarter, quilt,
hh Animals and their habitats: ants, arctic animals, bears, butterflies,
reading, telephone, transportation, yarn, zipper, zoo
birds, cats, camels, ducks, dogs, forest animals, hummingbirds,
insects, jellyfish, jungle animals, koalas, ladybugs, lambs, mice, Motor Skills Development
ostriches, pandas, rabbits, reptiles, underground animals, wood- hh Action games (50), finger plays (20)
peckers
hh Activities such as dress-up, puzzles, working with play dough,
hh Countries around the world: Canada, England, Israel, Japan, Aus-
making and flying a kite (85)
tralia, Mexico, The Netherlands, land of Africa
hh Coloring activities and directed drawings (23)
hh Health, safety, manners:
hh God made me, healthy bodies, kitchen safety, manners, neighbors Creativity Development
hh Senses: tasting and smelling, seeing, hearing, touching hh Poems (78)
hh Community helpers: doctor, dentist, firefighter, letter carrier, nurse, hh Games about feeding animals, practicing table manners and
pastor, police officer, veterinarian household chores, counting different objects, and more (87)
hh Character development: kindness, listening, obeying quickly, being hh Additional activities such as identifying and associating tastes and
quiet sounds, acting out familiar ­stories, making apple prints, listening to
hh Science: apples, eggs, Edison and light bulb, flowers, garden, mag- recorded animal sounds (238)
nets, night, jungle, peanuts, pond, rain forest, rubber, sea, spring hh Songs (13)
and fall seasons, summer and winter seasons, vegetables, water,
wind and weather, zinnias

Language Arts: Cursive Writing

Kindergartners love to “write like Mom and Dad.” In the ABC Writing Tablet
and Writing with Phonics K4, they practice tracing and then writing the lowercase
letters of the alphabet and 12 capital letters in cursive. By the end of the year,
they are writing blends and words and their own first name.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development hh Correctly write:

hh Achieve: hh 26 lowercase letters and 12 capital letters

hh Good writing posture, proper pencil hold, and slanted paper posi- hh Blends and one-vowel words

tion hh Smooth connections between difficult letter blends

hh Careful writing hh Follow step-by-step instruction using key strokes: waves, loops,

hh Correct letter placement and formation ovals, mountains

hh Increased hand-eye coordination through tracing
hh Good overall appearance
hh Writing first name

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KINDERGARTEN  | 4-Year-Olds

Language Arts: Poetry

The purpose of Poetry for You and Me is to acquaint children with a wide Added Enrichment
variety of good poetry through classroom recitation and memorization. ƒƒ Poems and finger plays (94):
Children are exposed to poetry by well-known authors such as “A Good
ƒƒ Build appreciation for biblical creation
Boy” by Robert Louis Stevenson and “Hiding” by Dorothy Aldis.
ƒƒ Present and encourage good charac-
ter traits
Fun Poems and Finger Plays includes simple rhymes coupled with finger
ƒƒ Additional resource poems and finger
actions. Instead of singing the rhyme, the children act out the finger play.
plays (21)
Finger plays have a twofold purpose: to entertain and to teach through
play. They instruct, aid motor control and observation skills, and help the ƒƒ Poetry is part of activity time which also
includes drama (acting out children’s
memory span.
stories and nursery rhymes), music,
Bible Activity book, and art. Included in
daily lesson plans.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development hh Increase comprehension through questions that encourage listen-

ing and thinking skills
hh Memorize 22 poems, 4 finger plays, and 12 nursery rhymes
i­ncluding actions and motions hh Identify with main characters

hh Develop appreciation and enjoyment of a wide variety of appealing hh Benefit from exposure to basic literature skills such as rhyming

rhymes and classic poetry words

hh Recite in unison hh Practice motor skills and observation skills

hh Gain confidence performing in front of an audience hh Gain vocabulary enrichment such as understanding and producing
rhyming words and opposite words
hh Develop use of appropriate expression

Numbers
In K4, children learn to recognize and understand the concepts of numbers. Added Enrichment
By the end of the year, they will be able to count from 1 to 100, recognize ƒƒ Abeka games (17)
numbers 1–20, distinguish before and after numbers, and answer simple
ƒƒ Additional games (36)
combinations. ABC-123 has practice pages that reinforce the concepts
ƒƒ Enrichment activities (39)
and the formation of numbers 1 to 20 by having children count and color
familiar objects. ƒƒ Many guided and independent
practice activities

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers hh Comparing:

hh Establish building blocks of learning numbers through object count- hh Larger and smaller

ing hh Before and after 1–20

hh Recognize numbers 1–20 hh More or less

hh Recognize concepts 1–20 hh Largest and smallest 1–20

hh Develop observation, listening, and motor skills through counting hh Addition:

sounds and counting while clapping, jumping, hopping hh Recognize symbols:
hh Count by ones to 100 hh+ (plus)
hh Write numbers 1–20 hh= (equal)
hh Associate sets of concrete objects and pictorial representations hh Add 1 to 1–9 using concrete objects
with numbers hh Add number 1 to numbers 1–9:
hh Develop concepts of patterning and sequencing using colors, hh Ordered and in mixed order
shapes, and numbers hh Horizontal and vertical format
hh Connect numbers 1–20 in sequence by dot-to-dot
Geometry
hh Recognize shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle

8
 4-Year-Olds  |  KINDERGARTEN

Developmental Skills
Readiness Skills K4 includes pages that help develop children’s listening skills and motor
coordination through activities such as following instructions, coloring, cutting, and directed
drawing. Free art, which allows children to draw or color their own original creations on art
paper, will also help develop visual perception and motor skills.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Social & Personal Skills Development hh Connecting dot-to-dots, coloring by number

hh Develop skills with coordinating character-building stories, including hh Matching sets of items

biblical character traits encouraging kindness, courtesy, gentleness, hh Includes thinking questions
obedience, truthfulness, attentiveness, respect, good manners, help- hh Motor skills development:
fulness, cheerfulness, orderliness, diligence, dependability, thought- hh Refining motor skills through:
fulness, self control, unselfishness, and generosity hh Coloring
hh Health and safety skills development:
hh Tracing
hh Promote:
hh Cutting
hh Home safety, playground safety, community safety, and recog-
hh Manipulatives such as:
nizing and obeying simple ­traffic signs
hh Play dough, puzzles, interlocking and building blocks
hh Personal hygiene, nutrition, rest, exercise
hh Lacing cards and beads
hh Visual perception skills development:
hh Following step-by-step instructions for directed drawing with
hh Builds visual perception skills through:
­placement of lines and shapes
hh Separating out items in a grouping
hh Listening skills development: learn to follow step-by-step directions
hh Maneuvering through mazes
hh Language skills development: development of vocabulary and
hh Finding hidden shapes usage—recognizing 29 sets of opposites and 14 positional words
hh Recognizing and reproducing missing parts with picture interpretation

Bible
P–K4

Old Testament Stories

Large, colorful Flash-a-Cards are used to hold the children’s interest as they learn about God Evaluation
Series 1 Flash-a-Card
and His Son, Jesus. Selected Old Testament stories are presented using Old Testament Stories, ƒƒ Memory verses and
Series 1 & 2, and New Testament lessons use New Testament Stories, Series 1 & 2. Holiday passage (not graded)
Stories teach the events surrounding the first Thanksgiving, the birth of Christ, and the resur-
rection.
Joseph

K4 Bible Activity Book is correlated with the Bible stories taught in the K4 Bible curriculum.
10 Lessons • 40 Cards
1 Creation
2 Adam and Eve
3 Noah Obeys God
4 God’s Promise to Abram
5 Isaac, the Promised Son
6 Bride for Isaac
7 Joseph

These 72 activities are designed to bring Bible truths to mind again during activity time
8 Baby Moses
9 Hannah Prays for a Son
10 Samuel Listens to God
Lesson Guide Included ´.l5'U¨
14762107
Baby Moses
abeka.com

later on in the day. Activities include counting, drawing, comparing, dot-to-dot, and color by
number. Some activities will be used in assembling New Testament and Old Testament story
books.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 174 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Jairus’s Daughter, Feeding Five Thousand, Jesus Walks on Water,
Blind Bartimaeus, Jesus Loves the Children, Rich Young Ruler, Zac-
hh Old Testament lessons (18): ­
chaeus, Friends at Bethany, Heaven, Ten Lepers; also includes some
hh Feature biblical events and people including: Adam and Eve, Noah,
stories Jesus told such as Good Samaritan, Lost Lamb, Prodigal Son
Abraham, Isaac (2), Joseph, Moses, Hannah, Samuel, David (3),
hh Holiday lessons (7):
Elijah, Elisha and Naaman, Daniel, Queen Esther, Jonah
hh Cover the first Thanksgiving, Birth of Jesus, Shepherds See the
hh New Testament lessons (22):
Savior, Wise Men Worship Jesus, Triumphal Entry and Last Supper,
hh Include events in the life of Christ: Jesus’ Boyhood, Follow Me,
Christ’s Crucifixion and Resurrection, Jesus Appears Alive and
First Miracle, Woman at Well, Nobleman’s Son, Fishing with Jesus,
Returns to Heaven
Jesus Heals Paralyzed Man, Beside the Pool, Jesus Stills the Storm,

Bible cont. p. 10

9
KINDERGARTEN  | 4-Year-Olds
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Bible cont.
Music 38 songs Doctrinal Drill
hh Choruses, holiday songs, ­patriotic songs hh Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,
salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation
Memory Work
hh Place sticker on verse chart after correctly reciting verse: Prayer Time
hh New verses (26) and new passage: The Lord’s Prayer hh Learn to pray with thanksgiving for God’s creation, each other,
school, parents, and country

Music
Preschool Fun Songs contains traditional songs that boys and Added Enrichment
girls have enjoyed singing for generations—songs that are part ƒƒ Activities that spark and keep i­nterest:
of our rich American heritage. These songs are mixed with fun,
ƒƒ Making animal sounds
new songs that will appeal to all children.
K4
ƒƒ Reinforcing alphabet and numbers
for K4
1–10 musically
for K4

ƒƒ Activities encouraging i­nteraction and

social skills
ƒƒ Singing poetry

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 49 songs Variety of Songs to Memorize

hh Exercise creativity acting out story in song hh Animal songs, Mother Goose rhymes, songs to act out, motion
hh Develop motor skills through motion songs songs, finger plays, songs with character-building and biblical
hh Follow a song leader and stay together with classmates or CD principles, holiday songs, and other fun songs

Arts & Crafts

Art Projects K4 provides children with 36 bright, colorful projects which include
coloring, painting, cutting, and gluing. Practicing these skills will aid in the devel-
opment of small-muscle coordination.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills & Concept Development 36 projects hh Projects include: animal, seasonal, and scriptural themes

hh Develop fine motor skills with: hh Projects promote:

hh Gluing hh Creativity with puppets

hh Coloring hh Encourage storytelling and drama

hh Folding hh Recitation of poetry and rhymes

hh Incorporating moving parts hh Making projects that visualize songs

hh Applying glitter
Technique Development
hh Cutting
hh Finger painting (5 lessons)
hh Tracing
hh 3-D objects (4)
hh Increase listening skills through following step-by-step instructions
hh Coloring with chalk (2)
to complete more difficult projects
hh Assembling cards and puzzles
hh Drawing
hh Writing their name

10
 5-Year-Olds  |  KINDERGARTEN

Language Arts: Phonics K5 & AK5

Students enjoy the varied activities found in ­Letters and Sounds K5 Added Enrichment
as they learn and review vowel and consonant sounds, blends, one- ƒƒ Abeka games (K5 18/AK5 16)
and two-vowel words, words with special sounds, and sentence
ƒƒ Additional games and activities
comprehension. (K5 56/AK5 59)
ƒƒ Enrichment activities (K5/AK5 9)

Evaluation
ƒƒ Graded written papers to check
comprehension of c ­ oncepts (20)
ƒƒ Oral evaluations (11; to determine individual
application of p
­ honics concepts in reading blends
and words)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development hh Words with special sounds

K5
ƒƒ Master:
ƒƒ The five vowels and their short and long sounds using letter sound
association
ƒƒ The 21 consonants and their sounds using letter sound association
ƒƒ Blend a consonant and vowel together
ƒƒ Sound one- and two-vowel words
ƒƒ Master one- and two-vowel rules
ƒƒ Learn and review these phonics rules:
ƒƒ c/k rule: k goes with i and e; c goes with the other three, a, o, and u.
ƒƒ When c and k come together, we say the sound only once.
ƒƒ s can say “s” or “z.”
ƒƒ q is always followed by u. Vowel sound students hear will not be
short u, but sound of vowel which follows u.
ƒƒ When a word ends in a double consonant, we say its sound only
once.
hh Recognize and read 49 special sounds and clue words (special
hh Compound words
hh Apply phonics concepts to spell dictated words, including words with
two different ending consonants (band)
ƒƒ Review the sight words the, a, and I
hh Learn to read the sight words to, do, and of
ƒƒ Learn purpose of a story title
ƒƒ Recognize words that rhyme
ƒƒ Learn that words ending in ’s are possessive
ƒƒ Know to:
ƒƒ Capitalize letters at beginning of sentences
ƒƒ Place period at end of sentences
hh Place exclamation point or question mark at end of sentences
ƒƒ Apply phonics concepts through abundant guided and independent
practice activities including:
ƒƒ Letter picture recognition and association
ƒƒ Blend and word association with picture
hh Associate sentence with picture

sounds include 27 consonant blends, 5 consonant digraphs, 5 diph-
thongs, and 12 letters/letter groups that say a special sound)
hh Learn the following rules for special sounds:
hh ck follows a short vowel.
hh e and o say their long sound when they are only vowel at end of
short word; y says long i when only vowel at end of short word.
hh th in thick is a whisper sound and very quiet; th in this is a voiced
sound and louder.
hh sh and ch can come at the beginning or end of a word.
hh ou usually comes in the middle of a word.
ƒƒ Mark:
ƒƒ One- and two-vowel words phonetically
hh Color by letter and sound
hh Decode hidden pictures through letters and sounds
ƒƒ Sound recognition
ƒƒ Choose the correct ending sound/letter
ƒƒ Choose the correct beginning sound/letter
ƒƒ Dictation for developing sound recognition and spelling application
hh Word recognition with creative drawing
hh Finish the sentence
hh Order words correctly to finish a sentence
Advanced K5
hh AK5 students learn all of the sounds and rules that are taught in

hh Special sounds phonetically regular K5. AK5 students also learn and apply 83 additional special
ƒƒ Apply phonics concepts to reading: sounds, including 11 suffixes and 5 prefixes (special sounds include
27 consonant blends, 5 diphthongs, 9 consonant digraphs, and
ƒƒ Blends
75 ­letters/letter groups that say a special sound)
ƒƒ One- and two-vowel words
ƒƒ Simple sentences and stories

11
KINDERGARTEN  |  5-Year-Olds

Language Arts: Reading

K5
The Basic Phonics Readers are twelve small r­ eaders that are an excellent introduction to ­reading. The stories and word
I Can pages are correlated with the phonics sounds that are presented in class, beginning with one-vowel words and then
Read Well
Book 3 progressing to two-vowel words. Kindergartners are thrilled with how rapidly they are able to move from one reader to
the next. Students will gain a firm foundation in reading and develop a love for books that will last a lifetime.
K5

I Learn
Materials Evaluation
This book belongs to me:

to Read
Basic Phonics Reading Program

Book 1
ƒƒ My Blend and Word Book contains ƒƒ Family Fun readers (AK5 7) ƒƒ K5 oral reading grades taken
blends, one- and two-vowel words, ƒƒ Primary Bible Reader (AK5) bi-weekly beginning second
K5 words with simple consonant blends ƒƒ Friends and Helpers readers (AK5 3) semester
I Do Read
This book belongs to me:
and digraphs ƒƒ AK5 oral reading grades taken
ƒƒ Readers (K5 13 readers/AK5 24 readers) bi-weekly beginning second six
Book 2 Basic Phonics Reading Program

weeks

This book belongs to me:

Basic Phonics Reading Program

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development ƒƒ I Do Read, Book 4 contains 8 stories reading one- and two-vowel
words, sight words including says, words ending in two conso-
K5 Readers 14 readers nants, simple compound words, and words beginning with simple
hh Read and decode by applying phonics sounds, 47 special sounds,
consonant blends; includes observing punctuation, use of apostro-
rules, and 12 sight words phes, practicing smooth reading and appropriate expression, and
ƒƒ Improve: accuracy, correct enunciation, expression, comprehension answering oral comprehension questions
hh Strive for: smoothness, fluency, appropriate volume, alertness to ƒƒ I Can Read Well, Book 1 contains 11 stories reading one- and two-
punctuation vowel words, sight words, words ending in two consonants, simple
ƒƒ Receive differentiated instruction with ability grouping consonant blend words containing special sounds such as fl in flake,
ƒƒ I Learn to Read, Book 1 practices 5 vowels (names and sounds); gl in glue, bl in block, cl in clock, pl in plane, and sl in sleep; develop-
blends consonants and vowels; practices reading one-vowel words, ing appropriate expression, answering oral comprehension ques-
words ending in double consonants, sight word the, and one short tions, and defining vocabulary words
sentence; includes an oral comprehension question ƒƒ I Can Read Well, Book 2 contains 11 stories reading one- and two-
ƒƒ I Learn to Read, Book 2 practices 5 vowels, blending consonants and vowel words, sight words; practices words ending in two conso-
vowels, reading one-vowel words, sight word a, phrases, and several nants, more difficult consonant blend words containing special
short sentences; practices use of apostrophes, words ending in two sounds such as br in bride, cr in crab, dr in drum, and pr in pray;
different consonants, and the “z” sound for the letter s sometimes; developing appropriate expression, answering oral comprehension
includes observing new punctuation and practicing appropriate questions, and defining vocabulary words
expression; includes oral comprehension questions ƒƒ I Can Read Well, Book 3 contains 7 stories reading one- and two-
ƒƒ I Learn to Read, Book 3 practices blends, reading one-vowel words, vowel words, sight words; practices words ending in two conso-
sight word to and several short sentences; includes observing new nants, words with diphthongs, and many more difficult consonant
punctuation, practicing appropriate expression, and answering oral blend words containing special sounds such as sh in ship, sm in
comprehension questions smoke, st in stop, ay in pray, pl in plane, sw in swim, gl in glue, tr in
ƒƒ I Learn to Read, Book 4 practices one- and two-vowel rules, reading train, fl in flake, cl in clock, squ in squeak, scr in scream, dr in drum,
short and long vowel sounds; demonstrates phonetically marked cr in crab, str in stream, sp in spade, spl in splash, ch in church, thr
vowels; reading similar one- and two-vowel words, sight words, in three, tw in twins, th in thick, th in this, o in go; developing appro-
and several short sentences; includes observing punctuation and priate expression, answering oral comprehension questions , and
practicing appropriate expression, answering oral comprehension defining vocabulary words
questions and defining vocabulary ƒƒ I Can Read Well, Book 4 contains 13 stories reading one- and
ƒƒ I Do Read, Book 1 practices blends, adding double consonants, and two-vowel words, sight words including Bible, are, they, and from,
blending two different consonants; contains 5 little stories reading words ending in two consonants, simple compound words, words
one- and two-vowel words, sight words, and several short sen- with digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words containing
tences, use of apostrophes, two consonants; includes observing special sounds such as sh in ship, st in stop, ay in pray, pr in pray, pl
punctuation, practicing appropriate expression, answering oral in plane, sw in swim, gl in glue, tr in train, fl in flake, cl in clock, squ in
comprehension questions, and defining vocabulary words squeak, scr in scream, dr in drum, cr in crab, bl in block, str in stream,
sn in snack, ch in church, thr in three, tw in twins, th in thick, th in
ƒƒ I Do Read, Book 2 contains 9 little stories reading one- and two-
this, o in go, ow in owl, ou in out, ar in stars, ir in bird, fr in frog, ur in
vowel rules, sight words including to, several short sentences, words
nurse, er in verse, ow in bowl, sc in scat, sk in skate, sp in spade, br in
ending in two different consonants; includes observing punctuation,
bride, gr in grin, oo in book, wor in worms, igh in night, or in morning;
practicing appropriate expression, and answering oral comprehen-
developing appropriate expression, answering oral comprehension
sion questions
questions, and defining vocabulary words
ƒƒ I Do Read, Book 3 contains 11 little stories reading one- and two-
ƒƒ I Can Read Well, Book 5, Our Week contains one story divided into
vowel words, sight words including I, was, and of, words ending in
7 little stories reading one- and two-vowel words, sight words,
two consonants, simple compound words, and simple consonant
words ending in two consonants, words with digraphs, diphthongs,
blends found at the beginning of a word such as st in stop and bl
and consonant blend words containing special sounds (from Basic
in block; includes observing punctuation, practicing appropriate
Phonics Charts 6–8) such as sh in ship, st in stop, ay in pray, pr in
expression, answering oral comprehension questions, and defining
pray, pl in plane, gl in glue, tr in train, cl in clock, sl in sleep, y in fly,
vocabulary words
Reading cont. p. 13

12

Reading cont.
dr in drum, sn in snack, ch in church, th in this, e in me, o in go, ou
in out, ar in stars, ir in bird, fr in frog, ur in nurse, ow in bowl, br in
bride, oo in book, wor in worms, igh in night, or in morning, and more
advanced words; developing appropriate expression, and answer-
ing oral comprehension questions
Advanced K5 Readers 24 readers
hh Read and decode by applying phonics sounds, 132 special sounds,
rules, and 12 sight words
ƒƒ Improve: accuracy, correct enunciation, expression, comprehension
hh Strive for: smoothness, fluency, appropriate volume, alertness to
punctuation, appropriate pace, poise
ƒƒ Receive differentiated instruction with ability grouping
ƒƒ Basic Phonics Readers (13)
ƒƒ The Little Pie includes practice words and sight words; contains
one longer story reading one- and two-vowel words, words with
prefixes, suffixes, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words
containing special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–11) includ-
ing: ou in out, ow in owl, ank in bank, th in thick, ir in bird, st in stop,
sh in ship, sw in swim, le in little, ear in bear, ear in ear, ang in bang,
ung in strung, wor in worms, or in morning, ing in king, ch in church,
ong in long, igh in night, -ed in looked, wa in wash, tch in patch, sm
in smoke, -es in peaches, all in ball, oo in book, o in shovel, th in this,
br in bride, o in go, thr in three, dr in drum, e in me, cr in crab, ay in
pray, wh in whale, -ed in played, ea in leaf, fr in frog; answering oral
comprehension questions and defining vocabulary words
ƒƒ Jesus Helps includes practice words and sight words; contains 4
stories reading one- and two-vowel words, words ending in two
consonants, words with prefixes, suffixes, digraphs, diphthongs,
and consonant blend words containing special sounds (from Basic
Phonics Charts 6–13) such as pr in pray, bl in block, c in city, br in
bride, igh in night, wa in wash, wh in who, ear in earth, all in ball,
alk in walk, st in stop, ar in stars, -ed in wanted, -ed in played, -ed in
looked, sh in ship, ou in out, -ing in pointing, tr in train, gr in grin, th
in thick, ing in king, ind in kind, ay in pray, ear in ear, ow in owl, oi in
coin, y in fly, cr in crab, e in me, th in this, sm in smoke, oo in tooth, oo
in book, ong in long, oy in boy, old in gold, ey in obey, ea in thread,
le in little, a- in asleep, o in shovel, er in verse, ch in church, gl in glue,
are in care, o in go, aw in saw, wh in whale, ow in bowl, tch in patch,
a in adopt, be in because, -er in bigger, cl in clock, fr in frog; answer-
ing oral comprehension questions and defining vocabulary words
ƒƒ Penny Porcupine includes practice words and sight words; contains
one longer story reading one- and two-vowel words, words ending in
two consonants, words with prefixes, suffixes, digraphs, diphthongs,
and consonant blend words containing special sounds from Basic
Phonics Charts 6–12 such as ind in kind, or in morning, kn in knot, y
in baby, th in this, sk in skate, unk in trunk, ou in out, squ in squeak, be
in because, pr in pray, -ly in slowly, ay in pray, ou in out, br in bride,
igh in night, ir in bird, sh in ship, e in me, sm in smoke, oo in book, -ed
in looked, er in verse, pl in place, th in think, st in stop, ck in duck, tr in
train, alk in walk, y in fly, -ing in pointing, fr in frog, ear in ear, ow in
owl, ch in church, all in ball, -ed in played, in tooth, ow in bowl, ur in
nurse, cr in crab, oi in coin, sc in scat, o in go, -ed in wanted; answer-
ing oral comprehension questions and defining vocabulary words
ƒƒ Primary Bible Reader contains selected passages from Scripture;
students read Genesis 37:3–5, 18–20, 26–28; Genesis 39:1–6, 17–23;
Genesis 41:1a, 14–16, 28b–30, 33–40; Genesis 42:1, 2; 43:13–16;
45:1–10; Luke 23:32–46; 24:1–9; Acts 1:8–11; Psalm 100; and Psalm
23; passages include words with digraphs, diphthongs, prefixes, suf-
fixes, and many consonant blend words containing special sounds
such as ph in phone, -ly in slowly, ow in owl, -ed in played, th in this,
all in ball, ch in church, dr in drum, be in because, old in gold, g in
giant, e in me, br in bride, aw in saw, er in verse, -ed in wanted, ould
in could, c in city, ey in obey, wh in whale, ar in stars, a- in asleep,
ear in ear, sp in spade, sl in sleep, ay in pray, th in thick, st in stop, bl
5-Year-Olds  |  KINDERGARTEN
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
in block, pr in pray, sh in ship, fl in flake, ew in flew, tw in twins, ought
in thought, gr in grin, igh in night, ou in out, or in morning, kn in knot,
aught in caught, ea in thread, -ing in pointing, y in fly, oi in coin, cr in
crab, ear in earth, wr in wrinkle, le in little, ing in king, ea in leaf, oo
in book, thr in three, ind in kind, o in shovel, y in baby, fr in frog, tr in
train, ea in steak, arr in carry, pl in plane, a in adopt, a in banana, wh
in who, ch in chorus, -ed in looked, ang in bang, -en in sharpen, al- in
also, o in go, or in sailor, scr in scream, tion in nation, war in warm, ir
in bird, -es in peaches, are in care, un- in unbutton, wor in worms, cl
in clock, oy in boy, gl in glue, ow in bowl, ture in pasture, ank in bank,
-ful in wonderful, wa in wash, -est in biggest, ure in pure; answering
oral comprehension questions and defining vocabulary words
ƒƒ Family Fun by the Lake, Book 1 contains one story divided into 3
parts reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to
watch for: to, thank you, from, of, into; includes words ending in two
consonants, practice words, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant
blend words containing special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts
6–8) such as fl in flake, sp in spade, pl in plane, ay in pray, tr in train,
st in stop, sw in swim, gr in grin, th in thick, sh in ship, str in stream, spl
in splash, cl in clock, sk in skate, sm in smoke, dr in drum, thr in three,
th in this, gl in glue; answering oral comprehension questions and
defining vocabulary words
ƒƒ Family Fun on a Hike, Book 2 contains one story divided into 4 parts
reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch
for: says, you, thank, do; includes words ending in two consonants,
practice words, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words
containing special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–8) such
as fl in flake, sp in spade, ay in pray, tr in train, y in fly, st in stop, br
in bride, ch in church, oo in book, ir in bird, wor in worms, ow in owl,
ou in out, all in ball, oo in tooth, cr in crab, bl in block, oi in coin, sw in
swim, gr in grin, th in thick, sh in ship, sk in skate, sm in smoke, dr in
drum, th in this, gl in glue, sl in sleep, sn in snack, tw in twins, squ in
squeak, ank in bank, ar in stars, ur in nurse, ow in bowl, igh in night,
or in morning; answering oral comprehension questions and defin-
ing vocabulary words
ƒƒ Family Fun at the Zoo, Book 3 contains one story divided into 4 parts
reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for:
onto, two, one, two, lion, tiger, monkey, they, are; includes words
using apostrophes, words ending in two consonants, practice
words, digraphs, diphthongs, and consonant blend words contain-
ing special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–11) such as oi in
coin, alk in walk, ch in church, ou in out, sm in smoke, all in ball, sh in
ship, ur in nurse, oo in book, th in this, ir in bird, or in morning, igh in
night, gr in grin, br in bride, dr in drum, cr in crab, oy in boy, tr in train,
cl in clock, ay in pray, pl in plane, ong in long, all in ball, st in stop, sl
in sleep, gl in glue, th in thick, ow in owl, sc in scat, oo in tooth, thr in
three, str in stream, sw in swim, ar in stars, are in care, bl in block,
ey in key; answering oral comprehension questions and defining
vocabulary words
ƒƒ Family Fun on the Farm, Book 4 contains one story divided into 4 parts
reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for:
does, calf, mama, are, I’m, mother, from, four, said, saw, donkey, mew,
hee-haw; includes words ending in two consonants, practice words,
digraphs, diphthongs, suffixes, and consonant blend words contain-
ing special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–11) such as ar in
stars, sn in snack, oo in tooth, br in bride, dr in drum, squ in squeak, kn
in knot, -ing in pointing, y in baby, ay in pray, igh in night, ow in owl, sm
in smoke, ow in bowl, tr in train, y in fly, ing in king, cl in clock, fr in frog,
str in stream, ou in out, th in thick, sh in ship, oo in book, ink in wink, pl
in plane, spl in splash, oi in coin, all in ball, alk in walk, sp in spade, gl
in glue, gr in grin, ch in church, wa in wash, -ed in wanted, fl in flake,
ang in bang, a in adopt, sw in swim, -ed in looked, aw in saw, o in go,
cr in crab, or in morning, ew in few, le in little, ank in bank, ey in key;
answering oral comprehension questions and defining vocabulary
words
Reading cont. p. 14
13
KINDERGARTEN  |  5-Year-Olds
Reading cont.
Advanced K5 Readers cont.
ƒƒ Family Fun at the Beach, Book 5 contains one story divided into 5
parts reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch
for: are, I’m, laughed, watch, what, they, castle, have, when, was,
dolphin, ocean, Jesus, love; includes words ending in two consonants,
practice words, compound words, digraphs, diphthongs, and con-
sonant blend words containing special sounds (from Basic Phonics
Charts 6–11) such as -ed in played, bl in block, ow in bowl, -ing in
pointing, sk in skate, wa in wash, alk in walk, st in stop, ar in stars, -ed
in wanted, th in thick, kn in knot, y in baby, er in verse, ur in nurse, pr
in pray, ay in pray, oo in book, igh in night, y in fly, a in banana, ing in
king, ch in church, cr in crab, gr in grin, sm in smoke, o in go, pl in plane,
le in little, -ed in looked, sh in ship, wh in whale, th in this, tr in train,
be- in because, ow in owl, ir in bird, sc in scat, are in care, a in adopt,
gl in glue, tch in patch, fl in flake, dr in drum, ou in out, all in ball, oi in
coin, or in morning, ang in bang, spl in splash, sw in swim, oo in tooth,
ph in phone, thr in three, ey in obey, br in bride, e in me, str in stream,
ea in thread; answering oral comprehension questions and defining
vocabulary words
ƒƒ Family Fun in the Park, Book 6 contains one story divided into 5 parts
reading one- and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for:
tiny, saw, lions, monkey, were, ice; includes words ending in two
consonants, practice words, compound words, digraphs, diphthongs,
prefixes, suffixes, and consonant blend words containing special
sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–12) such as -ed in looked, fl in
flake, ow in bowl, y in baby, dr in drum, ear in ear, -ed in played, squ
in squeal, ir in bird, wa in wash, tch in patch, oi in coin, ew in flew, ear
in earth, oo in tooth, -ing in pointing, wh in whale, le in little, old in gold,
ang in bang, wh in who, ar in stars, th in thick, st in stop, o in go, th in
this, sp in spade, thr in three, ou in out, tr in train, ea in leaf, cl in clock,
bl in block, cr in crab, ow in owl, sl in sleep, all in ball, sm in smoke, ch
in church, oo in book, igh in night, aw in saw, sh in ship, ey in obey,
scr in scream, gr in grin, ur in nurse, o in shovel, ey in key, y in fly, -er
in bigger, -ly in slowly, -ed in wanted, ind in kind, be- in because, onk
Language Arts: Language
K4–K5
A full-color set of visual illustrations, the Language Enrichment Visuals, pro-
vides an interesting way to teach children the concept of opposites and the
difference between positions such as over, under, in, and out. These visuals
will help to develop skills in picture interpretation and vocabulary develop-
ment.
Opposites
and
Positions
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16722304
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
abeka.com
Language Skills Development
ƒƒ Recognize 38 pairs of opposites and 9 positional words and picture
interpretation
Vocabulary Skills Development
hh Recognize similar and different items
hh Make complete statements
hh Give simple analogies; use descriptive words
Cognitive Skills Development
hh Solve riddles using rhyming words
hh Group like items
hh Classify groups of words and items
hh Develop deductive reasoning
hh Make comparisons
hh Recognize incorrect information
14
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
in honk, air in hair, pl in plane, or in morning, ink in wink, sc in scat, sk
in skate, a in adopt, er in verse, fl in flake, gl in glue, ay in pray, ank in
bank; answering oral comprehension questions and defining vocabu-
lary words
ƒƒ Family Fun at the Play, Book 7 contains one story reading one-
and two-vowel words, advanced words to watch for: great, lived,
porridge, some, door, were, someone, been, voice, gone; includes
words ending in two consonants, practice words, compound words,
digraphs, diphthongs, prefixes, suffixes, and consonant blend words
containing special sounds (from Basic Phonics Charts 6–12) such
as old in gold, ind in kind, wh in whale, br in bride, ing in king, -ing
in pointing, y in fly, sh in ship, y in baby, -ly in slowly, cl in clock, mb
in lamb, -ed in played, sn in snack, ow in bowl, a- in asleep, ong in
long, sl in sleep, ay in pray, or in morning, ou in out, le in little, ank in
bank, pl in plane, thr in three, gr in grin, oo in book, ch in church, dge
in fudge, alk in walk, oo in tooth, st in stop, ea in steak, a in adopt, th
in this, ir in bird, er in verse, aw in saw, all in ball, ear in ear, ar in stars,
th in thick, fr in frog, igh in night, cr in crab, ear in bear, sp in spade,
oi in coin, c in city, str in stream, tch in patch, sc in scat, sw in swim;
answering oral comprehension questions and defining vocabulary
words
Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis
Skills Development
hh Answer factual comprehension questions for most stories
hh Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for most
stories
ƒƒ Complete integrated phonics and reading skills exercises with pro-
gressing level of difficulty throughout readers
Added Enrichment
ƒƒ Language and Skills Development times
include the use of Language Enrichment
Visuals as well as activities suggested
below. Included in daily lesson plans.
Character Development
ƒƒ Learn basic biblical character traits such as obedience, honesty,
­kindness, etc., from:
ƒƒ Scripture applications
ƒƒ Maxims (traditional sayings rich in general truth) including
­explanation and application
Social Skills Development
ƒƒ Develop positive social i­nteraction through: show and tell, sharing
time, acting out stories
 5-Year-Olds  |  KINDERGARTEN

Language Arts: Cursive Writing

Writing with Phonics K5 is an appealing cursive writing book that is correlated Evaluation
with the phonics program. Students learn to write the letters as they learn ƒƒ Written tests to evaluate
what sound the letters say. Teachers appreciate the sample letters that show formation (13)
exactly how each letter is to be written. The “houses” help students remem-
ber where each letter “lives.” Review is included along with new instruction.
Students will write letters, blends, words, and even sentences.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development ƒƒ Correctly write:

ƒƒ Achieve: ƒƒ 12 capital letters
ƒƒ Good writing posture; proper pencil hold; slanted paper position ƒƒ All lowercase letters
ƒƒ Careful writing ƒƒ Blends and one- and two-vowel words
hh Sentences
ƒƒ Correct letter placement and formation
hh Smooth connections between more difficult letter blends
ƒƒ Good overall appearance
ƒƒ Good control of fine motor skills ƒƒ Follow:
ƒƒ Writing first name ƒƒ Step-by-step instruction using key strokes: trace, smile, wave, loop,
oval, mountain
hh Consistent slant of letters and words
hh Complete guided as well as independent practice writing
worksheets

Language Arts: Poetry

The beautifully illustrated My Favorite Kindergarten Poems Added Enrichment
introduces young ­children to the wonderful world of poetry ƒƒ Descriptions to enhance vocal inflection
with familiar, enjoyable poems that evoke laughter, paint a
ƒƒ Actions and hand motions
picture with words, and touch children’s sensitive hearts.
ƒƒ Demonstrations
Children learn poetry of well-known authors such as “The
Swing” by Robert Louis Stevenson and “What Can I Give Him?” ƒƒ Comprehension and discussion ques-
tions for deeper thinking
by Christina Rossetti. Children enjoy poetry rich in visual imag-
ery and ear-tickling rhythm and rhyme. Hearing the poems ƒƒ Biblical applications
repeated often helps in memorization. Discussing the art in ƒƒ Suggested activities such as creating
these teaching cards and the meaning of the poems helps a poem using rhyming words; playing
develop a better vocabulary. dress-up; drawing with free art; acting
out poems with play dough; making
­construction paper cards

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development ƒƒ Increase comprehension through:

hh Memorize 13 lyrical poems ƒƒ Good expression
ƒƒ Increase appreciation and enjoyment of classic poetry and whimsi- ƒƒ Appropriate volume
cal rhymes hh Art analysis

ƒƒ Recite in unison ƒƒ Benefit from exposure to basic literature skills

ƒƒ Gain confidence performing in front of an audience ƒƒ Gain vocabulary enrichment through use of terms such as
ƒƒ Rhyming words
hh Title, author

15
KINDERGARTEN  |  5-Year-Olds

Numbers
Numbers Skills K5 is a colorful workbook that reinforces number Added Enrichment
­concepts and formation through 100, addition and subtraction ƒƒ Abeka games (13)
­combinations, number sequences, number words, telling time,
ƒƒ Additional games (11)
and working with money. Some pages are designed to be worked
ƒƒ Enrichment activities (18)
together as a class while others are designed as independent work.
Evaluation
ƒƒ Written tests (19)
ƒƒ Oral tests (11)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers Fractions
ƒƒ Reinforce building blocks of learning numbers through object counting hh Learn parts of a whole: one half

ƒƒ Count by ones to 100

ƒƒ Compare: larger and smaller; more and less
Problem Solving & Applications
hh Establish building blocks: solving story problems
hh Recognize numbers 1–100
hh Understand concepts 1–100 Time
hh Count by tens, fives, and twos to 100 hh Recognize the parts of a clock: face, hour and minute hands
hh Write numbers to 100 by ones, tens, fives, twos hh Read and write time: o’clock (:00), half past (:30), quarter past (:15)
hh Recognize and spell number words one–ten hh Recognize 5-minute intervals of time: counting minutes by fives
hh Recognize left from right hh Recognize months, dates, days, weeks, years
hh Recognize and spell ordinal numbers first–tenth hh Complete calendar: fill in month, days of week, date, year
hh Compare: before and after 1–100; largest and smallest 1–100
Measures
Addition hh Recognize an inch
ƒƒ Understand symbols: + (plus); = (equal) hh Measure objects more or less than an inch
hh Add to 10 with concrete objects hh Measure and record individual growth of students throughout the
hh Add number combination families 1–10: year (Growth Chart)
hh Ordered and in mixed order
hh Horizontal and vertical format
Geometry
ƒƒ Recognize shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle
hh Solve oral word problems
hh Add money: pennies; dimes and pennies; nickels and pennies Numbers Writing
hh Understand simple concept of commutation hh Learn formation for numbers 0–9
hh Write numbers 1–100 by ones, twos, fives, tens
Subtraction
hh Introduction to subtraction
hh Recognize symbol: – (minus)
hh Understand subtracting one or all of a number from numbers 1–10
hh Write subtraction sentences (5 – 5 = 0)
Multiplication
hh Establish building blocks: counting by tens, fives, twos

16
 5-Year-Olds  |  KINDERGARTEN

Social Studies K5 & AK5

Social Studies K5 introduces kindergartners to Added Enrichment
community helpers, beginnings of American ƒƒ Corresponding worksheets
­history, interesting features of countries around
ƒƒ Maps of the world, North and South
the world, and simple geography. Children will America, and the U.S.
enjoy coloring, drawing, and completing other
ƒƒ Comprehension questions and questions
fun activities on the worksheet pages.
for deep thinking
ƒƒ Poems; finger plays
ƒƒ Additional enrichment activities

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Community Helpers 19 lessons hh Landmarks and symbols: Statue of Liberty, U.S. flag, Washington, D.C.,
currency (“In God We Trust”), Liberty Bell, Mt. Rushmore, bald eagle
ƒƒ In the family
hh Globe studies: directions—north, south, east, west; equator
ƒƒ In the community:
hh United States (50), neighboring countries, 7 continents, 4 oceans
ƒƒ Community helpers such as firefighter, police officer, doctor,
nurse, dentist, postal employee, pastor hh Study of native American culture, Alaska, Hawaii, and American
territories
hh Salesperson, baker, teacher, server, mayor, farmer

America: Our Great Country 16 lessons Children of the World 34 lessons

ƒƒ Learn about the landscape, location, famous landmarks, historical
hh Introduction to the history of America containing:
people, and culture of 12 different countries:
hh Historical figures such as Christopher Columbus, the Pilgrims,
hh Italy, Peru, Kenya, China, Canada, The Bahamas
George Washington, Abraham Lincoln, George Washington
Carver, Pocahontas ƒƒ Mexico, England, The Netherlands, Israel, Japan, Australia
hh Globe studies: learn to identify 7 continents, 4 oceans, 12 countries

Science
Even at a very young age, children are curious about everything around them and ask Added Enrichment
many questions. The science text God’s World K5 is a simple, exciting introduction to ƒƒ Hands-on activities (63)
God’s plan for the universe. Children will enjoy reading aloud from their first textbook. As
ƒƒ Activity and color sheets (23)
the study progresses, even beginning readers will want to read the book aloud because
of its intrinsic interest. Units on the five senses, the weather, seasons, seeds, animals,
and the seashore all show the amazing wonders of God’s design in this world He has
created. Simple drawing and coloring activities highlight the units.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Health & Human Body Seeds & Plants

ƒƒ Designed by God ƒƒ Seeds grow into the plant they came from (tiny plant inside seed)
ƒƒ Parts of the body: eyes, nose, tongue, ears, skin ƒƒ Steps of plant growth; parts of a plant
ƒƒ Safety guidelines ƒƒ Seeds need sunshine, water, soil
ƒƒ Growth ƒƒ Planting: farmers, animals, wind
ƒƒ Hygiene ƒƒ Seeds to eat such as corn, strawberries, beans

Weather Animals
hh Kinds of weather: sunny, cloudy, windy, hot, cold, rainy ƒƒ God’s care
hh Storms: thunder, stay inside for safety ƒƒ Baby animal names
hh Snow: made of air, water, and dust; six points ƒƒ Born alive or hatch from eggs
ƒƒ Wind: air that moves, breeze ƒƒ Animal instincts
ƒƒ Dressing appropriately ƒƒ Animal homes such as holes, nests, tunnels
ƒƒ Insects such as bumblebees, ­ladybugs, crickets
Seasons hh Spiders: eight legs, spider homes
ƒƒ Spring: planting time, baby animals
ƒƒ Zoo animals such as monkeys, bears, snakes
ƒƒ Summer: hot weather, plants grow
ƒƒ Bird, reptiles, amphibians
ƒƒ Fall: harvest time, leaves change colors, animal preparation
ƒƒ Farm animals such as cows, pigs, chickens
ƒƒ Winter: cold, resting time, snow; animals grow warm coats or sleep
ƒƒ Pets: proper care

Seashore
hh Kinds of seashores: rocky or sandy (beach)
hh Animals such as fish, crabs, starfish, sea gulls

17
KINDERGARTEN  |  5-Year-Olds

Developmental Skills
Think and Learn K5 features coloring pages, mazes, directed-art pages, and Added Enrichment
other activities designed to aid the kindergarten child in the development ƒƒ Skills Development time includes the
of writing readiness, hand-eye coordination, visual perception, listening and use of Think and Learn K5 as well as
thinking skills, and good character. suggested activities below. Included
in daily lesson plans.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Social & Personal Skills hh Associating items with the appropriate place

ƒƒ Develop good character traits including: kindness, courtesy, gentle- hh Recognizing items out of place

ness, obedience, truthfulness, attentiveness, respect, good manners, hh Creating objects through paper folding or shapes
helpfulness, cheerfulness, orderliness, diligence, dependa-bility, hh Identifying and assembling 3-D shapes
thoughtfulness, self control, unselfishness, and generosity hh Drawing missing items
hh Learn good telephone manners and how to handle emergency hh Ordering events in sequence
situations hh Reading maps and map keys

Health & Safety Skills Motor Skills Development

ƒƒ Learn how to be well and safe by:
ƒƒ Refining motor skills through grade-appropriate activities with
ƒƒ Eating a balanced diet increasing level of difficulty:
ƒƒ Developing good dental care habits ƒƒ Coloring, cutting; free art (creative drawing on a blank page)
ƒƒ Obeying traffic signs ƒƒ Painting, gluing
ƒƒ Learning about: hh Buttoning and unbuttoning; tying shoes; zipping and unzipping
ƒƒ Home and playground safety ƒƒ Following step-by-step instructions for directed drawing with
ƒƒ Community safety and simple traffic signs placement of lines and shapes
ƒƒ Developing good personal hygiene ƒƒ Manipulatives suggested include:
ƒƒ Good nutrition ƒƒ Play dough; puzzles; interlocking and building blocks; lacing cards;
ƒƒ Getting adequate rest and exercise stringing beads; tracing objects and shapes
hh Simple science tools such as magnets, magnifying glasses, planting
Visual Perception Skills Development seeds
ƒƒ Separating out items in a grouping
ƒƒ Maneuvering through mazes Listening Skills Development
ƒƒ Finding hidden shapes ƒƒ Identifying sounds
ƒƒ Recognizing and reproducing missing parts ƒƒ Imitating sequences of rhythms such as snapping, clapping, stomp-
ƒƒ Using lines and shapes to assemble a directed drawing ing
hh Creating pictographs, bar graphs, tally charts ƒƒ Listening carefully to follow oral directions
ƒƒ Identifying opposites and positional words ƒƒ Classifying things in categories
hh Recognizing similarities hh Solving riddles

Bible
In K5 Bible, children will review many stories that were taught in Preschool and K4 Bible, and Evaluation
this year they will hear additional stories. Students will learn stories about God’s creation of ƒƒ Graded memory verses
the world and about the life of Christ while viewing beautifully illustrated Abeka Flash-a- and passages
Cards. Age-appropriate applications are included in each lesson.

K5 Bible Activity Book is correlated with the Genesis and Life of Christ Bible lessons
taught in the K5 Bible curriculum. These 68 activities are designed to bring Bible truths
to mind again during language enrichment or seatwork time. Activities include simple
mazes, hidden pictures, dot-to-dot pages, and stand-up and fold-out pictures.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 366 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Crucifixion and Resurrection

hh Salvation Series (5 lessons) hh Missionary Stories (3); The First Thanksgiving

hh Genesis Series (21 lessons): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah,

Music 39 songs and choruses
Babel; Abraham and Isaac; Jacob; Joseph
ƒƒ Choruses, holiday songs, hymns, patriotic songs include:
hh Life of Christ Series (36 lessons): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early
hh 9 new hymns and songs; 14 new choruses
Ministry of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus;
Bible cont. p. 19

18
 5-Year-Olds  |  KINDERGARTEN
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Bible cont.
Memory Work Prayer Time
hh New: individual verses (20) and passages (2) ƒƒ Learn to pray with thanksgiving for God’s creation, each other,
ƒƒ Review individual verses (8) and passage (1) school, parents, and country

Doctrinal Drill 38 questions and answers

ƒƒ Basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin, ­salvation, heaven, assurance of
salvation further detailed study

Music
Song Time for K5 presents traditional, patriotic, and learning songs that have
delighted children for years and make a lively addition to the classroom. The
sing-along CD makes song time easy for the teacher and enjoyable for the
children.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 43 songs ƒƒ Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest:
ƒƒ Gain understanding of a song’s message ƒƒ Making animal sounds
ƒƒ Exercise creativity while acting out songs with props ƒƒ Reviewing numbers and  formations, vowel sounds
ƒƒ Define unfamiliar words ƒƒ Singing Mother Goose rhymes
ƒƒ Develop: Variety of Songs to Memorize
ƒƒ Coordination through motions that keep time with words ƒƒ Motion songs
ƒƒ Skills in following a song leader, singing out on pitch, and staying ƒƒ Fun songs about animals, Mother Goose rhymes, toys, friends,
together with classmates or CD ­holidays, and c
­ haracter-building traits
ƒƒ Songs to act out with props; patriotic songs
hh Includes 20 new songs

Arts & Crafts

The assortment of colorful projects found in Art Projects K5 introduces students to Added Enrichment
basic concepts of art and gives them a variety of opportunities to build upon concepts ƒƒ When I Grow Up Booklet
that have already been taught such as coloring, painting, tracing, drawing, cutting, and
ƒƒ Motivational pencil toppers (9)
gluing with a variety of materials. Month-by-month projects correlate with academics,
Bible teaching, and the seasons and holidays.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skill & Concept Development 37 projects ƒƒ Projects include these themes:

ƒƒ Develop fine motor skills with increasing level of difficulty through: ƒƒ Animal, season, holiday, scriptural, historical, cultural
ƒƒ Cutting, gluing, coloring, folding hh Phonetic, counting, telling time, game assembly

hh Mixing colors
Technique Development
ƒƒ Incorporating moving parts ƒƒ Develop basic concepts of color, line, shape, and texture through:
ƒƒ Directed drawings, painting ƒƒ Projects that include:
hh Paper modeling
hh Crayon overlay, shape painting, directional coloring
hh Introducing perspective
hh Shading according to a light source
hh Lacing, play dough modeling
ƒƒ Finger and hand stamping
ƒƒ 3-D crafting hh 3-D curling, 3-D layering
ƒƒ Increase listening skills through following step-by-step instructions ƒƒ Assembling song and story booklets and song visuals
to complete more difficult projects
ƒƒ Projects that promote:
ƒƒ Safety, creativity with stick puppets, storytelling, and drama

19
GRADE 1

Language Arts: Phonics

Letters and Sounds 1 is a complete phonics practice seatwork book. Each phonics element
necessary for learning to read is systematically reviewed in an appealing way. The many
puzzles, riddles, exercises, and illustrations are designed to teach word analysis skills, build
vocabulary, and increase reading comprehension.

Handbook for Reading is an invaluable teaching tool for the application of phonics rules. The
words for students to read are arranged to correlate with the sequence in which diphthongs,
digraphs, consonant blends, etc., are taught. Ample practice and thorough review help stu-
dents master phonics concepts. The early introduction of short vowels allows students to read
whole words, sentences, and stories during the first few weeks of first grade.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Review games
ƒƒ During independent seatwork:
ƒƒ Circle special sounds /mark vowels
ƒƒ Write word other than clue word
for special sound
ƒƒ Underline root word/circle suffix
ƒƒ Write or match rhyming words ƒƒ Oral and written phonics tests (32)
ƒƒ Add correct special sound to
beginning /middle of word
ƒƒ Add suffix to given root word
ƒƒ Match special sound to correct word

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development ƒƒ “ck in duck” usually follows a short vowel; says the k sound one
time only
ƒƒ Review: long and short vowel sounds, consonant sounds
ƒƒ “e in me” says long e sound when only vowel at end of short word
ƒƒ Blend consonants with vowels
ƒƒ “o in go” says long o sound when only vowel at end of short word
ƒƒ Blend special sounds with vowels
ƒƒ “y in fly” says long i sound when at end of short word
ƒƒ Review 47 special sounds and clue words learned in K5
ƒƒ “ay in pray” usually comes at end of word
hh Learn and apply 85 additional special sounds and clue words:
special sounds include consonant blends, diphthongs, digraphs, 11 hh “ou in out” usually comes in middle of word

suffixes, 5 prefixes hh “ow in owl” usually comes before n, l, or at end of word

ƒƒ Demonstrate ability to provide other example words that contain
special sounds
hh Understand that syllables are parts of words
hh Be able to identify root words
hh Demonstrate ability to add suffixes using the rules:
hh When a root word ends with a single consonant and the vowel
is short, the consonant is usually doubled before adding a suffix
beginning with a vowel.
hh When a root word ends with a silent e, the e is usually dropped
before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel
hh Demonstrate ability to add prefixes to root words correctly
hh Correctly divide words into syllables between:
hh Double consonants; root words and suffixes
hh A vowel and a consonant
hh Two differing consonants
hh Prefixes and root words
ƒƒ Master phonics rules including:
ƒƒ One- and two-vowel rules: When there is one vowel in a word, it
usually says its short sound. When there are two vowels in a word,
the first vowel says its long sound and the second vowel is silent.
ƒƒ When a consonant is doubled at end of a short word, it says its
sound one time.
ƒƒ c-k usually follows a short vowel (ex.: back)
hh k-e follows a long vowel (ex.: bake)
hh Apply phonics concepts to reading
ƒƒ c/k rhyme: k comes before i and e; c before the other three—a, o, u
(ex.: key, cat)
ƒƒ Suffix -s says “s” or “z”
ƒƒ Know and apply tips for learning special sounds:
hh “oi in coin” usually comes in middle of word or syllable
hh “oy in boy” usually comes at end of word or syllable
hh “kn in knot” comes at beginning of word or syllable; k is silent
hh “gn in gnat” comes at the beginning of a word; g is silent
hh “a in adopt” comes at the beginning of a word (“a” usually says
short “u” at the beginning of any word)
hh “le in little” usually comes at end of word with two or more syl-
lables
hh Suffix -ed can say “t” or “d,” or it can say “ed” when it comes after
t or d
hh “wh in whale” says “h” when followed by o
hh “tch in patch” usually follows a short vowel
hh “ew” can say “oo” or long “u”
hh When c comes before e, i, or y, it says “s”
hh When g comes before e, i, or y, it says “j”
hh “dge in fudge” usually follows a short vowel
hh “wr in wrinkle” has a silent w
hh “are in care” can be sounded using two-vowel rule
hh “ure in pure” can be sounded using two-vowel rule
hh “sion in television” is usually found in a word with one s
hh “sion in missionary” s says “sh”; usually followed with another s
hh “or in sailor” comes at end of word with two or more syllables
hh “ar in dollar” comes at end of word with two or more syllables

20
 GRADE 1

Language Arts: Reading

1b
First graders learn that there is a whole new world just waiting for them as they advance their read-
Sixt
h Edit
ion ing skills. The early readers coordinate the reading material with the phonics concepts students are
learning. Students move from stories with simple one- and two-vowel words to stories based on chil-
dren’s classics, giving them valuable practice in applying phonics skills. Each reader features delight-
ful, character-building selections that appeal strongly to the interests of first graders.
1c

pping
Sixth Edi
t i on SLiterary
te Value Materials Evaluation
ƒƒ 44 authors, including well-known writers ƒƒ Readers (10) containing: ƒƒ Weekly oral reading grade
such as Aesop, Christina Rossetti, Robert ƒƒ Short stories (184)
Louis Stevenson, and Lewis Carroll ƒƒ Plays (3)
ƒƒ Character-building and patriotic story ƒƒ Poems (73)
themes such as honesty, integrity, cour-
ƒƒ Primary Bible Reader containing
age, kindness, industry, forgiveness, and
selected Scripture reading
unselfishness
(24 lessons)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development
ƒƒ Read and decode (sound out) words by applying phonics sounds
and rules
ƒƒ Strive for increasing:
ƒƒ Accuracy, correct enunciation, fluency
hh Phrasing
ƒƒ Alertness to punctuation; good expression; comprehension
ƒƒ Appropriate pace for grade level
ƒƒ Volume; poise
ƒƒ Follow along as others read orally
ƒƒ Receive differentiated instruction with ability grouping
Readers
ƒƒ Fun with Pets contains 15 stories including one- and two-vowel
words, sight words, words ending in two different consonants,
phrases, and sentences; using apostrophes in possessives and
contractions; practicing “z” sound for letter s; observing punctua-
tion and practicing appropriate expression; defining vocabulary;
answering oral and written comprehension questions; practicing
rhyming words, marking words phonetically; includes story/charac-
ter themes and scriptural applications.
ƒƒ Tiptoes contains 32 stories and 8 poems (realistic fiction, animal
tales, Scripture reading) reviewing one- and two-vowel words, sight
words, and sentences; practicing special sounds with consonant
blends from phonics charts 6–7, all punctuation marks, contractions
and compound words; answering oral comprehension and discus-
sion questions with written comprehension/application activi-
ties; practicing accuracy in reading with smoothness and speed;
includes introductions and story themes featuring Christian virtues
and character traits.
ƒƒ Stepping Stones contains 18 stories, 7 poems, and 1 play focusing
on phonics charts 8–9; practicing new sight words, punctuation
marks, apostrophes in possessives, compound words, contractions;
introducing two-syllable words, root words, and suffixes; answer-
ing inferential questions, drawing conclusions, recalling events of
story in proper sequence; answering oral and written comprehen-
sion questions/application activities; building vocabulary using
advanced words and definitions; applying story themes to build
Christian virtues/character.
ƒƒ Secrets and Surprises contains 11 stories, 31 poems, and 2 plays for
practicing special sounds from phonics charts 8–11, root words, and
suffixes; defining unfamiliar vocabulary words; practicing accuracy
in reading with smoothness and expression; responding to oral
comprehension/discussion questions; completing analytical activi-
ties including plot sequencing, character comparisons, illustration
interpretation, content application, and word usage.
ƒƒ Kind and Brave contains 18 stories and 10 poems including fables,
folk literature, realistic fiction, animal tales, biographical stories,
Scripture reading; emphasizing special sounds from phonics charts
10–11; expanding reading vocabulary through use of prefixes and
suffixes; applying phonics rules through oral/written word practice
pages; improving enunciation, poise, and volume; applying charac-
ter themes with related Scripture verses; answering comprehen-
sion/discussion questions; drawing conclusions from facts given in
story; completing sequencing, choral reading, supplemental library
enrichment activities.
ƒƒ Aesop’s Fables contains 27 character-/moral-themed stories
including related Scripture for each fable; practicing phonics charts
8–11; reviewing syllabification and word division rules, suffixes,
prefixes, root words, and compound words; emphasizing conversa-
tional tone in reading dialog; analyzing given information to select
correct answers for oral/written comprehension activities; play-
acting and visual demonstration activities.
ƒƒ Strong and True contains 22 stories and 7 poems consisting of
fables, folk literature, animal tales, biographical stories, realistic
fiction, Scripture reading; reviewing phonics charts 12–13; includ-
ing character themes emphasizing loyalty and patriotism; applying
phonics rules through oral/written word practice pages; expand-
ing vocabulary using unfamiliar words and definitions; answering
inferential questions, drawing conclusions, recalling events of story
in proper sequence; answering oral and written comprehension
questions; completing sequencing, choral reading, supplemental
library enrichment activities.
ƒƒ Down by the Sea contains 16 stories and 4 poems including animal
tales, Scripture reading, poetry, realistic fiction; providing com-
prehensive review of phonics charts 6–13, punctuation, contrac-
tions, prefixes, and suffixes while increasing vocabulary; answering
factual, inferential, and interpretive questions; drawing conclusions
relating to setting, main characters, climax, moral, cause and effect,
plot; applying language skills to written activities including syn-
onyms, antonyms, homonyms, rhyming words; completing sequenc-
ing, choral reading, visual recognition/comprehension, supplemen-
tal library enrichment activities.

Reading cont. p. 22

21
GRADE 1
Reading cont.
Readers cont.
ƒƒ Animals in the Great Outdoors contains 25 stories and 6 poems
including animal tales, Scripture reading, poetry, realistic fiction;
providing comprehensive review of phonics charts 6–13, contrac-
tions, and compound words; including story/character themes/Bible
verses for application; answering literal and interpretive comprehen-
sion/discussion questions; drawing conclusions relating to setting,
main characters, climax, moral, cause and effect, plot; applying
language skills to written activities including compound words, hom-
onyms, rhyming words, illustration interpretation; recognizing false/
incorrect information and formulating correct responses; complet-
ing sequencing, choral reading, visual recognition/comprehension,
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ƒƒ Read sight words; challenging words
ƒƒ Complete integrated phonics, language, and reading skills activities
such as:
ƒƒ Marking short and long vowel sounds
ƒƒ Circling special sounds
ƒƒ Adding correct special sounds to complete words
ƒƒ Reading clues to solve puzzles
ƒƒ Filling in the blank with correct word/phrase to complete a
sentence
ƒƒ Matching pictures with descriptive words
hh Matching pictures with descriptive phrases or sentences

supplemental library enrichment activities. hh Choosing correct sentences for telling events in story

ƒƒ Primary Bible Reader contains familiar stories of Scripture such ƒƒ Choosing correct picture to answer comprehension questions
as Creation, the Christmas story, Life of Christ, as well as selected about the story
verses for age-appropriate personal application to promote inde- hh Numbering pictures in correct story sequence
pendent Bible reading. hh Marking root words and suffixes

Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis hh Identifying parts of compound words

hh Forming contractions
Skills Development
hh Matching rhyming words; writing rhyming words
ƒƒ Answer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and
hh Matching picture with correct homonym
poems
hh Reading comprehension question and circling correct answer
ƒƒ Answer inferential comprehension and discussion ­questions

Language Arts: Language

Designed for use during independent work times, the work-text L ­ anguage 1 provides daily
exercises to help students increase thinking skills, improve reading comprehension, and
develop creative writing ability. By the end of the year, students will be able to write in
complete sentences, capitalize the first word of a sentence, capitalize the days and months,
place a period at the end of a sentence, know and use suffixes and prefixes, and alphabetize
words.

Added Enrichment
ƒƒ Review games
ƒƒ During independent seatwork:
ƒƒ Copy sentences (16)
ƒƒ Finish sentences (61)
ƒƒ Write original sentences (48)
ƒƒ Alphabetical Order (12)
ƒƒ Reading Comprehension (8)
ƒƒ Verb Tenses (5)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar hh Find root words

ƒƒ Capitalization: hh Add suffixes and prefixes to root words

ƒƒ First word in the sentence ƒƒ Recognize and use:

hh Days of week and months of year hh Compound words; rhyming words

hh Proper Names ƒƒ Opposite words (antonyms)

hh Names of God hh Same-meaning words (synonyms); same-sounding words
­(homonyms)
ƒƒ The word I
hh Contractions
ƒƒ Punctuation: correctly use period at end of a telling sentence
hh Divide a word into syllables between:
hh Correctly use question mark at end of asking sentence
hh Double consonants
hh Correctly use exclamation point at end of expressive sentence
hh Possessives
ƒƒ The sentence: always begin with capital letter
hh Plurals
ƒƒ Word study and diction:
hh Verb tenses/subject-verb agreement
hh Determine number of syllables
hh Root words and suffixes

Language cont. p. 23

22
 GRADE 1
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Language cont.
Grammar cont. Composition
hh A vowel and a consonant hh Write:
hh Two consonants that are not alike hh Interesting sentences, paragraphs
hh Two vowels that are not alike hh Short narratives
hh Prefixes and root words ƒƒ Copying/completing sentences (74)
hh Alphabetize words ƒƒ Writing original sentences (52)
hh Comprehend reading material and answer questions

Language Arts: Cursive Writing/Creative Writing

Cursive Writing Added Enrichment
Writing with Phonics 1 is designed for use as a first-grade cursive writing ƒƒ Animal booklet compilation
work-text. Students learn the proper formation and slant of letters and ƒƒ Creative writing exercises/drawing
the correct spacing between letters, words, and sentences. Through daily during:
writing exercises, students will practice and review what they are learn- ƒƒ Science (11)
ing in phonics, beginning with single letters and progressing to special ƒƒ History (9)
sounds, words, sentences, paragraphs, and poems.
ƒƒ Health (4)
Creative Writing Evaluation
Beginning in lesson 81, penmanship class will focus primarily on creative
ƒƒ Tests (31)
writing skills and some penmanship review. Creative writing skills will be
taught in a sequence that will prepare students to write their own stories.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development ƒƒ Evaluate writing for personal improvement

ƒƒ Achieve good writing position: ƒƒ Correctly write:
ƒƒ Sitting properly in desk ƒƒ Blends, one- and two-vowel words, and sentences
ƒƒ Holding pencil correctly hh Paragraphs and poems

ƒƒ Slanting paper correctly hh Creative Writing

ƒƒ Review correct formation for all lowercase letters, numbers 1–10, hh Learning the writing process: read and gather, think and plan,

and the 12 capital letters learned in K5
hh Learn formation for remaining 14 capital letters
ƒƒ Perfect writing skills for a good overall appearance:
ƒƒ Forming difficult letters correctly
ƒƒ Placing letters correctly on the lines
ƒƒ Using proper spacing between letters and words
ƒƒ Slanting letters properly
ƒƒ Writing slowly and carefully
ƒƒ Making smooth connections between letters, difficult ­letters,
blends
ƒƒ Using key strokes: trace, smile, wave, loop, oval, mountain
hh Gradually decrease size of writing
write and rewrite, check and polish, share your results
hh Use proper punctuation and capitalization; simple sentence
structure; recognize difference between phrases and sen-
tences; fill in missing words in sentences; write sentences using
suggested words; choose titles; develop stories using assigned
themes; solving riddles; sequencing; writing a process summary,
starting/concluding sentences; writing friendly letters
hh Compositions include these themes:
hh Animal, historical, seasonal, character building, plants, school,
ocean, "how to"
hh Compositions:
hh During Creative Writing (8)
hh During Seatwork (12)

23
GRADE 1

Language Arts: Spelling & Poetry

In Spelling and Poetry 1, first graders apply the phonics concepts Added Enrichment
they are currently learning as they master the spelling of approxi- ƒƒ Spelling lists (30):
mately 420 words. Most of the words in Spelling and Poetry 1 are
ƒƒ Total words (420)
arranged phonetically, which teaches students to recognize basic
ƒƒ Organized by special sounds
spelling patterns. They will learn sight words, contractions, and
abbreviations that they will encounter frequently in their read- ƒƒ Worksheet activities reinforce new concepts
ing and writing. First graders will also learn eight poems that will ƒƒ Homework sheets include spelling list and helpful
help them develop their oral speaking skills while deepening their hints or special sounds featured in the list (30)
appreciation for poetry. ƒƒ Spelling games

Evaluation
ƒƒ Spelling words tested in 30 of the 32 phonics tests

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling Skills Development Worksheet Activities:

hh Master spelling lists including sight words, abbreviations, and ƒƒ Marking special phonics sounds
contractions hh Marking roots and suffixes

hh Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily: ƒƒ Completing words and sentences
hh Teacher-directed oral practice hh Arranging words alphabetically

hh Independent written practice hh Identifying misspelled words, opposites, rhyming words

hh Hear spelling words used in sentences and clearly picture each hh Categorizing words by special phonics sounds
word’s meaning hh Solving word puzzles and riddles
hh Learn to differentiate between words that sound alike ƒƒ Associating words with pictures
hh Use spelling words in creative writing exercises hh Matching words with their meaning
hh Learn spelling rules: hh Combining root words and suffixes -ing, -ed
hh Know: one- and two-vowel rules; k comes before i and e; c comes
before a, o, u Poetry Skills Development
hh Correctly use at end of word: hh Memorize 8 lyrical poems

hh Double consonants ll, ff, or ss ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry

hh Vowels e, o, or y ƒƒ Perform in front of an audience
hh ck after a short vowel; ke after a long vowel ƒƒ Recite in unison
hh Double a consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a hh Develop appropriate expression and volume

vowel hh Improve comprehension through thinking questions

hh Drop the silent e hh Learn terms such as title and author

ƒƒ Maintain interest and increase comprehension through added
learning features such as actions and hand motions

Arithmetic
Using delightful themes and full-color illustrations, A
­ rithmetic 1
presents concepts in an orderly manner, building on prior learning
and including consistent year-long review. Concepts include
counting, writing and reading numbers, place value, addition and
subtraction, money, graphs, measurements, time, temperature,
and fractions. Applications to real-life situations and daily thinking
questions stretch the students’ reasoning ability.
Added Enrichment
ƒƒ Thematic units: zoo, farm, ocean, spring
ƒƒ Introductory song and/or poem for each unit
ƒƒ Review games
Evaluation
ƒƒ Written tests (32)
ƒƒ Daily timed skills-development exercises (126)
ƒƒ Oral tests (32): combinations, answers, and com-
plete instructions for oral tests in daily lesson plans

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers ƒƒ Understanding concepts:

ƒƒ Recognizing numbers: ƒƒ 1–100
ƒƒ 1–100 hh 101–1,000

hh 101–1,000 ƒƒ Counting:
ƒƒ Money
ƒƒ Ordinal numbers: 1–10

Arithmetic cont. p. 25

24
 GRADE 1
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
Numbers cont. hh Timed mastery

hh Forward and backward by ones, twos, fives, and tens hh Missing terms

hh Forward by twenty-fives hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining single-digit addi­tion and

subtraction up to 3 numbers
hh By threes from 3 to 36
hh Writing subtraction number sentences
hh Tally marks
hh Subtracting:
hh Roman numerals 1–10
hh One-digit problems
hh By even and odd numbers
hh Two- and three-digit problems without borrowing
hh Ordinal numbers: 11–20
hh Word problems: oral, w
­ ritten
ƒƒ Writing numbers:
ƒƒ By ones, twos, fives, and tens to 100 Multiplication
ƒƒ Words one–twelve ƒƒ Building blocks:
hh Words thirteen–twenty hh Repeated addition
hh To 1,000 hh Objects to ­multiply
hh By threes to 36 ƒƒ Counting by twos, fives, tens
hh Using tally marks hh Counting by threes
ƒƒ Comparing: hh Concept of multiplication
ƒƒ Greater/less, greatest /least hh Writing a multiplication fact
ƒƒ Before /after
ƒƒ By ones, twos, fives, tens Fractions
hh Using symbols > and < to show greater than and less than hh Concept of fractions

hh Before and after: by twos, fives, tens hh Building blocks: equal parts

hh Place value: ƒƒ Parts of a whole:

hh Illustrating numbers and place value with objects ƒƒ One half
hh Understanding hundreds, tens, ones hh One fourth, one third

hh Ordering four numbers hh Parts of a group: one half, one fourth, one third

hh Addition with carrying hh Comparing one half, one fourth, one third
hh Least to greatest
Addition
ƒƒ Review of addition families 1–10 Problem Solving & Applications
hh Learn addition families 11–18 ƒƒ Building blocks: oral word problems
ƒƒ Horizontal and vertical form hh Written word problems

ƒƒ Oral or written hh Solving word problems:

ƒƒ Addition “twins” (concept of commutative principle) hh Addition, subtraction, money

hh Timed mastery hh Illustrating story problems

hh Missing terms hh Creating story problems

ƒƒ Word problems: hh Extra facts; missing facts

ƒƒ Oral hh Choosing the operation

ƒƒ Written hh Applications:

hh Writing addition number sentences hh Temperature; time

hh Addends: hh Weight; length; money

hh Column addition with up to five single-digit addends hh Number puzzles; graphs

hh Two- and three-digit problems without carrying hh Calendars; maps

hh Carrying two- and three-digit ­numbers with carrying to the tens hh Thinking logically: patterns; thinking caps; sequencing; clue words

and hundreds places

Time
hh Mental arithmetic:
ƒƒ Clock: face, hour and minute hands
hh Problems with up to 5 single-digit n
­ umbers
ƒƒ Reading and writing time:
hh Problems combining single-digit addition and subtraction up to
ƒƒ O’clock (:00), half past (:30), quarter past (:15)
3 numbers
hh Quarter till (:45)
ƒƒ Adding coins
hh Five-minute intervals
Subtraction hh A.M. and P.M.
ƒƒ Recognizing symbol: - (minus) ƒƒ Calendar: months, days, date, year
hh Subtraction families 1–18: hh Calendar: rhyme
hh Vertical and horizontal form hh Measures of time
ƒƒ Oral or written
hh Subtracting coins

Arithmetic cont. p. 26

25
GRADE 1
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
Money ƒƒ Weight:
ƒƒ Recognize coin and value: penny, nickel, dime, quarter hh Ounce, pound

hh Recognize coin and value: half dollar, dollar hh Comparing weights

ƒƒ Count: hh Dozen, half dozen

ƒƒ Pennies, dimes, nickels hh Capacity: cup, pint, quart, gallon

hh Quarters, half dollars, dollars

Graphing, Statistics, Probability
ƒƒ Add: hh Graphs:
ƒƒ Pennies, dimes and pennies, nickels and pennies hh Horizontal bar graphs: scales by 1s, 2s, 10s, 5s, and 3s
hh Quarters and pennies, dimes and nickels
hh Pictographs
hh Count: combinations of coins, coins in mixed order
hh Graphing tally marks
hh Adding and subtracting money
ƒƒ Recognize symbol: ¢ (cent) Geometry
hh Recognize symbol: $ (dollar) ƒƒ Recognize shapes: circle, square, rectangle, triangle, diamond, oval,
ƒƒ Word problems: oral and written cone, cube, sphere
hh Recognize shapes: hexagon, trapezoid
Measures hh Symmetry
ƒƒ Word problems: oral and written hh Shapes in a grid
ƒƒ Temperature: reading and writing degrees hh Perimeter of a rectangular object
ƒƒ Length:
hh Inch, foot, yard, centimeter

History & Geography

In My America and My World, students will learn how our country was Added Enrichment
founded and what our basic freedoms are. They meet several famous ƒƒ Vocabulary boxes to point out difficult
American patriots and take a trip across America. Good citizenship is words
emphasized and reading skills are developed. In addition, students will ƒƒ Activities such as:
learn new patriotic songs and be introduced to major countries and
ƒƒ Artistic projects
U.S. Territories. America: Our Great Country, Children of the World,
ƒƒ Learning foreign words and phrases
and Community Helpers are used in correlation with My America and
My World. ƒƒ Listening to classical music
ƒƒ Reading stories by writers of given country
ƒƒ Suggested creative writing topics (9)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

America ƒƒ American holidays:

ƒƒ U.S. flag: hh Presidents‘ Day

ƒƒ History ƒƒ Thanksgiving Day

hh Meaning of colors hh American legends:

hh Flag etiquette hh George Washington and the cherry tree

ƒƒ Meaning of Pledge of Allegiance ƒƒ American places and territories:

hh America's freedoms ƒƒ Washington, D.C.; Niagara Falls, Mount Rushmore
ƒƒ Symbols such as: hh Plymouth Rock, Plymouth Plantation, Fort McHenry

hh Great Seal of the U.S., Uncle Sam hh Williamsburg, Virginia; Mississippi River

ƒƒ Statue of Liberty, U.S. coins, American bald eagle, Liberty Bell hh Yellowstone National Park, Grand Teton National Park, Rocky
Mountain National Park, Grand Canyon, Death Valley, Yosemite
hh Great U.S. documents: Declaration of Independence, Constitution,
National Park, San Francisco
Bill of Rights
ƒƒ U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa
ƒƒ Great People of America
ƒƒ Patriotic Songs:
ƒƒ Pilgrims (First Thanksgiving)
ƒƒ ”My Country, ’Tis of Thee“
ƒƒ George Washington, Abraham Lincoln
ƒƒ “The Star-Spangled Banner”
hh Paul Revere, Benjamin Franklin
hh “America, the Beautiful”
hh America grows by communication and travel: telephone, mail, tele-
vision, radio, computers, Internet; changes in transportation

History & Geography cont. p. 27

26
 GRADE 1
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
History & Geography cont.
The World hh Home state, neighboring states, corner states

ƒƒ Countries: hh Thirteen original colonies

ƒƒ Mexico, Peru, The Bahamas, England, The Netherlands, Israel, Italy, hh Equator

Kenya, China, Australia hh Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi River, Rocky Mountains, Grand Canyon,

hh Canada, Norway, France, Germany, Switzerland, Egypt, India, Death Valley, Great Plains, Yosemite National Park
Japan ƒƒ Map symbols—national capitals

Geography Study Community Helpers

ƒƒ Continents: North America, South America, Africa, Europe, ƒƒ Pastor Teacher
Australia, Asia ƒƒ Firefighter Police Officer
ƒƒ Globe ƒƒ Doctor Nurse
ƒƒ Oceans: Atlantic and Pacific ƒƒ Dentist Farmer
ƒƒ Cardinal directions and compass rose ƒƒ Server Baker
ƒƒ What is an island? ƒƒ Postal Employee Mayor
hh Location of 21 specific states in America
hh North and South poles

Science
The colorfully illustrated science text Discovering God’s World presents God Added Enrichment
as the Master Designer of the world around us. The studies of plants, animals, ƒƒ Additional hands-on learning activities
insects, energy, health, the seasons, and the five senses provide an excellent
ƒƒ Lesson activities (22)
introduction to science, with the emphasis on building student interest and
ƒƒ Additional activities (66)
augmenting students’ reading skills. Hands-on activities and demonstrations
also increase students’ comprehension of basic science concepts. ƒƒ Creative Writing (11)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Health & Human Biology Activities & Demonstrations:

ƒƒ Special to God: five senses and sense organs hh Making a balloon jet

hh Hands: fingerprints ƒƒ Discovering what magnets pick up

hh Hair: hh Seeing how wheels help

hh Hair types, skin, oil gland, follicle hh Having a ramp race

hh Root, pigment hh Using a lever lifter

hh Eyes: placement in skull; eyelids, eyelashes, tears

Animals
hh Ears: outer ear, eardrum; vibrate
hh Living Creatures
ƒƒ Nose: nostrils; sneezing
ƒƒ Instinct
ƒƒ Tongue:
ƒƒ Reproduce after their kind
ƒƒ Taste buds: sour, salty, bitter, sweet
hh Babies that are born drink mother’s milk: opossum, kangaroo
hh Speaking
hh Babies that hatch do not drink mother’s milk: tadpoles, frogs, chicks,
ƒƒ Skin: alligators, ducklings
hh Experiencing cold, warmth ƒƒ God’s wonderful plan:
ƒƒ Experiencing tickles, pain hh Elephants: ears, trunk, tusk
hh Pores, “goose-bumps,” proper care of skin hh Ducks: sac of oil, webbed feet, bill
Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒ Turtles:
hh Comparing thumb prints ƒƒ Shell
hh Discovering how sound travels hh Jaws; land turtles, water turtles
hh Seeing how senses work together hh Owls: herbivores, carnivores, omnivores; eyes, head rotation;
feathers, talons
Energy
Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Forces: nonliving things
hh Raising tadpoles
hh Water: push, pull
hh Conducting the elephant ear experiment
hh Air: wind, provides push
hh Observing oil on a duck Insects
hh Wind: moving air, gravity
ƒƒ Magnets: attract (pull), repel (push)
hh Simple machines: wheels, ramps, levers, balanced forces

Science cont. p. 28

27
GRADE 1
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Insects hh Growing a plant from root

hh Importance of insects hh Water rising up a stem

hh Insect identification: head, thorax, abdomen ƒƒ Seeds need sunlight, water, soil
ƒƒ Insect identification: six legs hh Types of soils

hh Ants: workers, queen

Seasons
Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒ God made seasons
hh Observing a caterpillar change into a butterfly ƒƒ Winter: rest, hibernate
hh Making an insect zoo ƒƒ Spring: new life
ƒƒ Making an ant farm ƒƒ Summer: grow
Plants ƒƒ Fall: get ready for winter
hh A sunflower’s year
hh Uses for plants: oxygen, food, medicine, building
hh A squirrel’s year
ƒƒ Parts of the plant: roots, stem, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds
hh Parts of the plant: cones
ƒƒ Stewardship
ƒƒ Reproduce after their kind Activities & Demonstrations:
ƒƒ Flowers hh Bringing some twigs to life
hh Finding air in water and soil
Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Making a bird feeder
hh Opening a seed
ƒƒ Germinating seeds ƒƒ Planting a bean garden

Health
Health, Safety, and Manners 1 is an interesting and attractive health reader Added Enrichment
that introduces first graders to the importance of good health habits and ƒƒ Hands-on learning activities in
gives God the glory for the way He has designed us. Students will learn student book, Teacher Edition, and
about nutrition, exercise, proper sleep habits, good posture, safety habits, daily lesson plans (35)
and manners. Activities and checklists help students apply good principles ƒƒ Growing Tall growth chart
of health, safety, and manners.
ƒƒ Checksheets: My Health, My Safety,
My Manners
ƒƒ Creative Writing (4)
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Health hh Getting right amount of rest:

ƒƒ Growing tall hh Good sleeping habits:

hh Forming good habits hh Pre-bedtime activities

ƒƒ Eating good foods: hh Wearing clean pajamas

ƒƒ Kinds of foods hh Going to bed early and at same time each night; sleeping until
rested; good sleeping conditions; going right to sleep
hh A good breakfast, a good snack
hh Building good posture:
ƒƒ Good eating habits:
hh Benefits of good posture
hh Eating meals same time every day
hh Good posture habits:
ƒƒ Washing hands before eating
hh How to stand straight and tall; proper way to sit in a chair
ƒƒ Drinking milk every day
hh Well-fitting shoes; proper walking habits
hh Limiting sugary drinks
ƒƒ Taking care of the body:
ƒƒ Eating different kinds of food
ƒƒ Good skin and hair habits:
hh Washing fresh fruits and vegetables before eating
hh Protecting skin from the sun with sunscreen
ƒƒ Limiting sugar and candy
ƒƒ Bathing often with warm water and soap to rid the skin of germs
hh Taking small bites and chewing food well
which can cause illness
ƒƒ Exercising each day:
ƒƒ Proper care for cuts
hh Fun exercises for children (8)
ƒƒ Washing hands: before eating; after using bathroom; after play-
ƒƒ Benefits of fresh air and sunshine
ing outside; after handling animals
ƒƒ Good exercise habits:
hh How to dry off effectively
ƒƒ Getting exercise every day and playing outside in fresh air
ƒƒ Shampooing dirty hair
ƒƒ Helping with work at home
hh Proper use and maintenance of your comb and brush
hh Not playing hard right after a meal
hh Keeping pets away from your face
hh Resting from play

Health cont. p. 29

28
 GRADE 1
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Health cont.
hh Keeping fingernails and toenails clean and trimmed hh Not playing with cleaning supplies
ƒƒ Not biting fingernails ƒƒ Putting toys away to avoid an accident
ƒƒ Keeping fingers out of mouth ƒƒ Away from home:
ƒƒ Eyes: ƒƒ Policemen
ƒƒ Purpose; protection hh Good safety habits:
hh Parts hh Consulting with an adult before leaving
hh Good eye-care habits: hh Never leave a building alone
hh Reading in a well-lighted place hh Avoid:
hh Not rubbing your eyes hh Talking to strangers when you are alone; getting in a car with a
hh Not running while holding sharp things stranger
hh Protecting eyes from sun or other bright lights hh Playing in old, empty buildings

hh Getting proper rest hh Petting stray animals

hh Getting eye check-ups by a doctor hh Eating berries found outside

hh Keeping eye glasses clean hh Putting flowers, leaves, or twigs in mouth

ƒƒ Ears: hh Playing in old refrigerators or clothes dryers

ƒƒ Protection: wax, hairs; parts ƒƒ On the street:

hh Good ear-care habits: hh Good walking habits:

hh Proper washing of ears hh Where to walk when there is no sidewalk

hh Not putting objects in ears hh Where to cross a street; how to cross a railroad track

hh Protecting ears from getting hit; from cold and wind hh Safety around trains that are stopped on the track

hh Going to a doctor for chronic earaches hh Bicycle safety habits:

ƒƒ Nose: hh Riding in the correct direction

ƒƒ Purpose; protection from germs hh Using a safety helmet, handlebars, and hand signals

ƒƒ Good health habits: hh Passengers

ƒƒ Protecting others from your coughing or sneezing; proper use hh Keeping your bike in good working order
of tissues hh Riding to school:
ƒƒ Teeth: hh Bus, car
hh Instructions for proper brushing hh Good riding habits:
ƒƒ Good tooth-care habits: hh Using car seat belts
ƒƒ Drinking plenty of milk every day hh Staying seated on the bus
ƒƒ Limiting sugar hh Keeping hands inside bus and car windows
ƒƒ Not cracking nuts with teeth hh How to cross the street after getting off a bus
ƒƒ Brushing correctly hh How to get out of a car that is parked on a street
hh Primary and permanent teeth hh Ride in the back seat of a car
ƒƒ Getting regular dental checkups ƒƒ On the playground:
ƒƒ Keeping hands away from face hh Good safety habits:
hh Keeping pencils out of mouth hh Staying far from swings that are being used; not standing up
hh Not eating from someone else’s food while swinging or jumping off while swing is in motion
hh Taking care of clothing: hh Slide safety: at the bottom of the slide; at the top of the slide

hh Good clothing-care habits: hh Standing back from merry-go-round in motion

hh Learning what to do with clothes after taking them off; clothes hh Not standing on top of monkey bars
that need to be mended; dirty clothes hh Taking turns with other boys and girls
hh Putting on clean underclothes daily ƒƒ In the water:
hh Taking coat or raincoat off when inside hh Pool safety habits:
hh Taking care of the home hh Importance of taking swimming lessons
hh Avoid going swimming or wading alone
Safety hh Not pushing others into the pool or running beside the pool
ƒƒ At home:
hh Boat safety habits: wearing a life jacket; not standing up
ƒƒ Ways to prevent falls
ƒƒ In a storm:
ƒƒ Good safety habits:
ƒƒ Good safety habits:
ƒƒ Sharp and pointed objects:
ƒƒ Stay inside
ƒƒ Walking while carrying
hh Safety with telephone or electrical cords
hh Carrying with the point down
hh Where to take refuge: if you are outside; if you are in a car
ƒƒ Getting parents to take medicine from medicine cabinet
hh Stay away from windows and doors
hh Handling electrical cords with dry hands
hh Avoid taking a bath or washing hands
ƒƒ Safety with matches and fire
hh Not playing with your parent’s guns

Health cont. p. 30

29
GRADE 1
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Health cont.
Manners hh Paying attention to your teacher; how to get your teacher’s attention

ƒƒ At home: hh Answering when spoken to

ƒƒ Important words: please, thank you, I’m sorry, you’re welcome hh Standing in line quietly

hh Having company hh Posture and conduct while saying Pledge of Allegiance

ƒƒ Good habits at home: ƒƒ At church:

ƒƒ Coming quickly when called ƒƒ Purpose of church
ƒƒ Thanking God for your food hh Good habits at church:

ƒƒ Not talking with food in your mouth; chewing with mouth closed hh Arriving on time

ƒƒ Saying “please” when you want something; remembering to say hh Singing praises to God; listening to His Word

“thank you” hh Handling your money for the offering plate

hh Doing your part to help your family hh When to leave the service

hh Not spilling food on the table ƒƒ In public:

ƒƒ Not putting elbows on the table hh Grocery store, doctor’s office

ƒƒ Saying “I’m sorry” for hurting someone ƒƒ Good habits in public:

ƒƒ At school: hh Saying “ma’am” or “sir” when talking to an adult

ƒƒ Say “good morning” to your teacher hh Being quiet in a waiting room

hh Raise your hand ƒƒ Answering when someone speaks to you

hh Good habits at school: hh Not running in a store

hh Not interrupting when someone is speaking hh Staying close to parents

hh Proper response when someone makes a mistake hh Covering mouth when coughing or sneezing

Bible
The Bible stories that have been taught from Preschool to K5 have laid the foun- Evaluation
dation for stories that will be taught in first grade. Students learn more about ƒƒ Graded memory verse
the character, strengths, and weaknesses of men and women from the Bible. passages (9)
By studying the lives of Bible characters, students will learn practical truths to
apply to their own lives, such as our actions will bring about either rewards or
consequences.

Bible Friends is correlated with the Bible concepts taught in the First Grade
Bible curriculum. These 120 activities are designed to bring Bible truths to
mind again during independent seatwork time.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 373 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Memory Work

hh New passages (9) containing 57 verses
ƒƒ Salvation Series (5 lessons)
ƒƒ Genesis Series (21): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah, Babel; ƒƒ Review verses (6)
Abraham and Isaac; Jacob; Joseph
Doctrinal Drill 38 questions/answers
ƒƒ Life of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early Ministry
ƒƒ Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,
of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; Crucifixion
salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation
and Resurrection
hh Life of Paul Series 1 (5) Prayer Time
ƒƒ The First Thanksgiving ƒƒ Learn to pray with thanks­giving for each other, our nation, those
in authority over us
Music 25 songs
ƒƒ Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, patriotic songs Added Enrichment
including: ƒƒ The Bible Friends Activity Book includes 120 worksheets to be
hh 12 new hymns and songs; 15 new choruses completed during seatwork.

30
 GRADE 1

Music
Songs We Enjoy 1 includes traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections that have been a part of
our American heritage for generations. The sing-along CD makes song time easy for the teacher
and enjoyable for the children.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 75 songs hh Singing familiar poems

hh Define 11 unfamiliar words in the lyrics hh Reviewing numbers

ƒƒ Learn to follow a song leader hh Placing their name in a song

ƒƒ Develop ability to understand a song’s message Variety of Songs to Memorize

ƒƒ Exercise creativity by acting out songs with props
ƒƒ Improve coordination through motions that keep time with words
hh Learn about: dynamic contrasts, tempo changes, solfège pitch
ƒƒ Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest:
hh Whistling
ƒƒ Making appropriate animal sounds
ƒƒ Fun songs about animals, Mother Goose rhymes
ƒƒ Songs about our founding fathers; songs to help build character
ƒƒ Songs to act out with suggested props
ƒƒ Motion songs, patriotic songs, folk songs, gospel songs, holiday
songs, and seasonal songs.

Arts & Crafts

Art Projects 1 has been designed to give month-by-month variety in enjoyable art activities,
to teach children elementary art techniques in many types of media, and to provide interesting
seasonal projects.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development hh Analogous colors

Develop fine motor skills with increasing level of difficulty through: ƒƒ Perspective
ƒƒ Cutting, gluing, coloring, folding ƒƒ Increase listening skills through following step-by-step instructions
ƒƒ Directed drawings, painting, paper modeling to complete more difficult projects
ƒƒ 3-D crafting and folding, incorporating moving parts ƒƒ Projects include these themes:
ƒƒ Animal, seasonal, holiday, scriptural, historical, cultural
Concept Development
hh Introducing color wheel
Technique Development
hh Various texture
ƒƒ Primary colors and secondary colors; color mixing
hh Crayon rubbing
hh Introducing patterns
hh Outlining
hh Complementary colors
hh Fall colors
ƒƒ Directional coloring
hh Drawing looping lines
hh Drawing from geometrical shapes and from memory to make familiar
items hh Cone-shaping and cone-shaping with tabs

ƒƒ Introducing line types: curved, short, long, straight, broken, zig-zag, hh Paper fringing

wavy hh Paper curling

hh Introducing line types: looping ƒƒ Sponging

ƒƒ 3-D paper crafting hh Torn paper art

hh Fringe hh Stippling

hh Silhouettes hh Cutting a fringe

hh Mosaic hh Mosaic

ƒƒ Using basic geometrical shapes to form objects hh Crayon resist

ƒƒ Light source, shading, and shadow hh String painting

hh Defining artistic terms hh Quilling

ƒƒ Drawing organic shapes ƒƒ Folding

hh Transparent coloring (using light pressure) hh Contour drawing

ƒƒ Overlay to mix colors hh Paper crafting—twisting, rolling, scrunching

hh Tangible texture ƒƒ Finger and knuckle stamping

hh Curling paper ƒƒ Assembling song booklets

31
 GRADE 2

Language Arts: Phonics & Language

2

Phonics and Language 2 is used to practice concepts taught in phonics and Added Enrichment
language class. The front of each page is used as classroom practice; the ƒƒ Review games
back of the page is for completion during independent seatwork. Phonics
ƒƒ Enrichment activities and suggestions
instruction is the culmination of the Abeka intensive phonics program. After
ƒƒ Four themes (pond, jungles, travel,
reviewing vowel sounds, consonant sounds, and how to blend them together,
camping) to enhance lessons
Phonics Application
Grammar
Sentence Structure

students learn consonant blends, diphthongs, digraphs, and clue words to help
Language Development

ƒƒ Glossary section to expand vocabulary

them remember these sounds. Students apply what they have learned on a
and practice research skills
deeper level than first grade. Language concepts learned in first grade are
expanded as students learn to apply the following concepts: recognizing and ƒƒ During independent seatwork:
correctly punctuating four kinds of sentences; identifying and correctly using ƒƒ Using adjectives and adverbs to
nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs; identifying subject and predicate of enhance writing
sentence; using and identifying compound words, rhyming words, antonyms, ƒƒ Using proofreader's marks to correct
synonyms, contractions, and singular possessive words; forming plural nouns sentence errors
by applying spelling rules. By the end of the year, students will have a strong ƒƒ Using glossary to practice research
phonics and language foundation upon which to build. ƒƒ Continual review and application of
previously taught material

Evaluation
ƒƒ Oral and written phonics and language
ƒƒ Language and phonic skills are included
in weekly tests
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development hh Recognizing silent letters in words containing gn in gnat,

kn in knot, wr in wrinkle, eigh in eight
ƒƒ Review long and short vowel sounds, consonant sounds
hh Choose between wor in worms/war in warm by listening to the
ƒƒ Review and master one- and two-vowel rules: When there is one
beginning sound
vowel in a word, it usually says its short sound. When there are two
vowels in a word, the first one says its long sound and the second hh Choose “wa in wash“ when beginning with a word sounding with

one is silent. short o/“w“ sound

ƒƒ Blend consonants/special sounds with vowels: hh Choose the correct ending sound in a given word:

ƒƒ Students write the blend of a given word; circle the special sound
and mark the vowel
ƒƒ Master 132 special sounds and clue words: special sounds include
consonant blends, diphthongs, digraphs, 11 suffixes, 5 prefixes
ƒƒ Demonstrate ability to provide other example words that contain
special sounds
hh List all the special sounds in a given word after it is orally dictated
hh Identify special sounds in a given word and know why that special
sound is used
hh Choose the correct sound in a given word when there is more than
one spelling for a sound:
hh ck in duck/k-e (ex.: back—“ck in duck“ follows a short vowel sound;
bake—k-e follows a long vowel sound
hh oy in boy/oi in coin (ex.: joyful—“oy in boy“ must be chosen
because it is at the end of a root word; point—“oi in coin“ must be
chosen because it is in the middle of the root word)
hh tch in patch/ch in church (ex.: matches—“tch in patch“ must be
chosen because the sound follows a short vowel; chimes—“ch in
church“ must be chosen because “tch in patch“ cannot be at the
beginning of a word)
hh g in giant, dge in fudge, j in jar (ex.: cage—“g in giant“ must come
before e, i, or y; badge—“dge in fudge“ must follow a short vowel)
hh c in city/s consonant (ex.: century—“c in city“ comes before e, i, or y
hh Choose the correct beginning sound:
hh Recognize choices in the following consonant blend sounds when
given blends or words to spell:
hh st in stop, pl in plane, tr in train, bl in block, cl in clock, fl in flake,
gl in glue, br in bride, dr in drum, pr in pray, gr in grin, sm in
smoke, sc in scat, sk in skate, sp in spade, cr in crab, tw in twins,
spl in splash, spr in sprain, scr in scream, qu in squeak, sn in
snack, sl in sleep, str in stream, sw in swim, thr in three
hh Use prefixes correctly when heard in a dictated word
ƒƒ Correctly use ll, ff, ss at end of a word
ƒƒ suffix -s says “s“ or “z“
ƒƒ Recognize the following sounds at the end of short words: e in me,
o in go, y in fly
hh Use suffixes correctly when heard in a dictated word
hh Adding more than one suffix to a word
hh Choose “ay in pray“ when a long a sound is at the end of a root word
hh Choose “y in baby“ at the end of certain words ending with a long
e sound
hh Choose “le in little“ at the end of certain words ending with an “l“
sound
hh Choose between -ed in looked/-ed in played when a root word
follows a “t“ or “d“ sound
hh Choose ought in thought/aught in caught at the end of a root word
with a short o/“t“ sound
hh Choose “ture in pasture“ at the end of certain words with the same
sound as “ch in church“ along with an “er“ sound (ex.: fracture)
hh Recognizing silent letters when spelling words with igh in night,
alk in walk, le in little, -ed in looked, -ed in played, tch in patch,
mb in lamb, ought in thought, aught in caught, dge in fudge,
ould in could, ough in enough
hh Recognize choices in the spelling of special sounds having or con-
taining the same sound:
hh e in me, y in baby, -y in rainy, -ly in slowly, ie in brownie
hh o in go/ow in bowl
hh ay in pray, ea in steak, ey in obey, eigh in eight
hh sh in ship, tion in nation, sion in missionary
hh th in thick/thr in three
hh sc in scat/sk in skate
hh or in morning/war in warm
hh ou in out/ow in owl

Phonics & Language cont. p. 33

32
 GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Phonics & Language cont.
Skills Development cont. hh Using an apostrophe to show ownership (’s)

hh ch in church/tch in patch, ture in pasture ƒƒ Using apostrophes in contractions

hh er in verse, ur in nurse, ir in bird, ear in earth, -er in bigger, hh Using commas to separate three of more items in a series

wr in wrinkle, or in sailor, ar in dollar hh The sentence:

hh oo in tooth/ew in flew hh Recognize complete sentences

hh oi in coin/oy in boy hh Recognize questions, exclamations, and commands

hh oo in book, ou in could, u in push hh Learn terms: exclamatory, declarative, interrogative, and impera-

hh a in adopt, o in shovel, a in banana, a- in asleep, ough in enough, tive sentences

ou in country hh Define and identify nouns

hh all in ball, alk in walk, au in faucet, aw in saw, ought in thought,
aught in caught
hh g in giant/dge in fudge
hh air in hair, arr in carry, are in care, err in cherry
hh Spell compound words correctly by applying special sound applica-
tion tips/rules
hh Read compound words with speed and accuracy
hh Read “challenge words“ with speed and accuracy
hh Develop listening through dictated sentences; using phonics appli-
cation skills while students:
hh Remember each word
hh Spell each word correctly
hh Spell contractions correctly
hh Spell number words, days of the week, months of the year
hh Capitalize correctly based on rules learned
hh Choose correct ending punctuation
ƒƒ Understand that syllables are parts of words
ƒƒ Correctly divide words into syllables between:
ƒƒ Double consonants; root words and suffixes
ƒƒ A vowel and a consonant; two differing consonants
ƒƒ Prefixes and root words
hh Identify the number of syllables in a given word
ƒƒ Identify root words
hh Define and identify verbs
hh Define and identify adjectives that tell what kind and how many
hh Define and identify adverbs that tell how
hh Identifying complete subject and predicate of sentence
hh Identifying simple subject and predicate of sentence
hh Diagramming simple subject and predicate of sentence
ƒƒ Word study and diction:
ƒƒ Add suffixes and prefixes to root words
ƒƒ Determine number of syllables
ƒƒ Recognize and use correctly:
ƒƒ Compound words, rhyming words
ƒƒ Opposite words (antonyms), same-meaning words (synonyms),
same-sounding words (homonyms)
hh Singular and plural words; singular possessives
ƒƒ Contractions
ƒƒ Divide words into syllables
ƒƒ Alphabetize words
hh Correctly use words such as sit, sat, set; learn, teach; may, can;
to, too, two; right, write; blue, blew
hh Abbreviate days of the week, months of the year, selected English
measures, selected titles such as Dr., Mr., Mrs.
ƒƒ Correctly use a glossary (terms: guide words, entry)
hh Correctly use a dictionary (terms: guide words, entry, definition)

hh Demonstrate ability to add prefixes and suffixes to a root word while

spelling the new word correctly by applying the following rules:
Composition
ƒƒ Write:
ƒƒ When a root word ends with a single consonant and the vowel
is short, the consonant is usually doubled before adding a suffix ƒƒ Complete sentences
beginning with a vowel. (ex.: swim + ing = swimming) ƒƒ Original sentence
ƒƒ When a root word ends with a silent e, the e is usually dropped ƒƒ Rewrite a sentence correctly
before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. (ex.: hike + ed = ƒƒ Answer a question in complete sentence
hiked)
hh When a root word ends with a y and the suffix begins with an e,
Added Enrichment
change the y to an i before adding the suffix. (ex.: try + ed = Extra practice available in Seatwork curriculum:
tried) ƒƒ Copy sentences
hh When a root word ends with a y and the suffix is -ly, change the y ƒƒ Finish/correct sentences
to an i before adding the suffix. ƒƒ Write original sentences
ƒƒ Glossary skill exercises
Grammar hh Dictionary skill exercises
ƒƒ Capitalization:
ƒƒ First word in the sentence
ƒƒ Days of week and months of year
hh Holidays and special days
ƒƒ Names of people
ƒƒ The word I
ƒƒ Titles
ƒƒ Punctuation:
ƒƒ Using periods to end sentences
hh Using question marks and exclamation points to end sentences

33
 GRADE 2

Language Arts: Reading

Meadows
2c 2c
Students will advance their reading and comprehension skills as they reinforce the application of phonics rules. The early
readers correlate with the progression of the concepts and sounds presented in the phonics curriculum. Subsequent read-
ers include children’s classics, stories from America’s past, selections by famous authors, and stories with heroes that the
Wonders
of
children can emulate. One reader is a juvenile novel, another presents life in Israel in the days of Christ, and others include
Imagination
fables, animal tales, stories from children’s classics, biographical stories, poetry, Scripture readings, and patriotic stories.
2d 2d

Literary Value ƒƒ Character-building themes such as American times/culture book,

gratitude, responsibility, helpfulness, international cultures and folktales
ƒƒ 83 authors, including well-known writers
industry, perseverance, courage, book; information book about
such as Beatrix Potter, A. A. Milne, Robert
patriotism, and integrity animals
McCloskey, Hans Christian Andersen,
Robert Louis Stevenson, Nathaniel Haw- Materials ƒƒ Primary Bible Reader includes
thorne, Sara Cone Bryant Scripture reading
ƒƒ Readers (9) containing short stories
ƒƒ Selections and adaptations from chil- (101), poems (90), plays (3), crafts (1), Evaluation
dren’s literature such as Make Way for recipes (2) ƒƒ Weekly oral reading grade
Ducklings, “Pooh and Piglet Go Hunting
ƒƒ Christian fiction novel; biblical times/
and Nearly Catch a Woozle,” The Tale of
culture, and geography book; early
Peter Rabbit, The Golden Touch

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development
ƒƒ Read and decode (sound out) words by applying phonics sounds
and rules
ƒƒ Read orally and silently and complete comprehension activities
ƒƒ Strive for increasing vocabulary, accuracy, correct enunciation, flu-
ency, phrasing, alertness to punctuation, good expression, compre-
hension, appropriate pace for grade level, volume, and poise
ƒƒ Follow along as others read orally
ƒƒ Receive differentiated instruction with ability grouping
hh Comprehend a variety of reading material—maps, charts, graphs,
recipes, posted signs such as instructions/guidelines
Literary Concept Development
hh Expose students to literary terms—main character, plot, setting,
moral
hh Identify the story’s title, author, main idea, main character, moral,
author’s intent, setting, plot
hh Describe the main character’s appearance, feelings, actions based
on textual inference
hh Describe setting (where and when the plot takes place) by identify-
ing descriptive words
hh Explain how characters relate to events of the story
hh Understand cause/effect, problem/solution as they relate to the
characters in the story
hh Discern the meaning of a story
hh Compare the same story by two different authors
hh Predict the story’s outcome
hh Compare predictions to actual outcome
Readers
hh Fun with Friends—18 stories and 9 poems, 1 song, 1 play including
modern-day themes relating to animals and people and Scripture
selections, introductions and story themes featuring Christian virtues
and character traits; phonetic progression from one-vowel words to
two-vowel words and comparing similar one- and two-vowel words,
through special sounds from Basic Phonics Charts 6-8; practicing
rhyming words and compound words; building vocabulary using
advanced words and definitions; introduction to literary terms—title,
author, main character including questions, character comparisons,
character web, charting comparisons; choral reading, sequencing,
illustration analysis, silent reading selections, and other enrichment
activities; creative writing/drawing and storytelling for checking com-
prehension; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?” ask factual,
inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions.
hh Quests for Adventure—15 stories, 27 poems, 28 riddles called “Can
You Guess?” including present-day themes relating to adventure and
Scripture selections; building vocabulary using advanced words and
definitions; introductions and story themes featuring Christian virtues
and character traits; phonetic progression using special sounds
from Basic Phonics Charts 9-11; reviews literary terms—title, author,
main character; introduction to literary term—plot including recalling
events of a story in proper sequence, and climax questions, illustra-
tion analysis, choral reading, play-acting, silent reading selections,
and other enrichment activities; creative writing/drawing, for check-
ing comprehension; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?”
ask factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion
questions.
hh Across the Meadow—15 stories, 20 poems, 1 play including classic
literature, as well as a variety of other styles and Scripture selections;
building vocabulary using advanced words and definitions; introduc-
tions and story themes featuring Christian virtues and character
traits; phonetic progression using special sounds from Basic Phonics
Charts 12-13; highlight famous authors and some of their best-known
works; reviews literary terms—title, author, main character, plot;
introduction to literary term—setting including, recognizing descriptive
words and phrases, illustration analysis, storytelling, crafts, recipes,
character webs, silent reading selections, and play-acting and other
enrichment activities; creative writing/drawing, for checking com-
prehension; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?” ask factual,
inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions.
hh Wonders of Imagination—12 stories 11 poems, 1 play, 3 “Have You
Ever Wondered?” feature pages, including classic literature and sto-
ries with fanciful themes and Scripture selections; building vocabu-
lary using advanced words and definitions, illustration analysis;
charting comparisons; introductions and story themes differentiat-
ing reality and imaginative fiction highlighting Christian virtues and
character traits; practicing rhyming words; reviews literary terms—
title, author, main character, plot, setting; introduction to literary term
–moral including cause/effect and problem/solution questions and
creative writing/drawing, word webs, and play-acting for checking
comprehension; silent reading selections; “Think About It!” and “What
Do YOU Think?” ask factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehen-
sion and discussion questions.
hh Through the Skies—12 stories and 8 poems including classic literature as
well as a variety of styles and topics and Scripture selections; building
vocabulary using advanced words and definitions; introductions and
story themes featuring Christian virtues and character traits; illustra-
tion analysis; highlight famous authors and some of their best-known
works; reviews literary terms—title, author, main character, plot, set-
ting, moral, including character web, charting comparisons, charting
Reading cont. p. 35

34

Reading cont.
cause/effect, questions, silent reading selections, and other enrichment
activities; creative writing/drawing exercises for checking comprehen-
sion; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?” ask factual, inferential,
and interpretive comprehension and discussion questions.
hh Growing Up in Early America—17 stories, 9 poems, 7 photo/charac-
ter fact pages which correspond to time periods, 1 craft project with
directions, 1 recipe with conversion chart, including classic literature,
historical fiction and nonfiction, folk tales, legends, and articles relating
to life in early America from 1620 through the early 1900s, historical
fun facts, with Scripture selections; charting comparisons; character
web; building vocabulary using advanced words and definitions, silent
reading selections, and other enrichment activities; highlight famous
authors and some of their best-known works, as well as other early
American writers; reviews literary terms—title, author, main character,
plot, moral, setting; creative writing/drawing exercises for checking
comprehension; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?” ask factual,
inferential, and interpretive comprehension and discussion questions.
“What Can YOU Do?” are creative prompts that encourages students to
think about others.
hh Growing Up around the World—15 stories, 8 poems, 1 recipe, 1 lyric,
world map with icons for each country, 12 photo fact pages represent-
ing each country, including classic literature, historical fiction and non-
fiction, folktales, legends, favorite stories from around the world, and
Scripture selections; building vocabulary using advanced words and
definitions; introduction to foreign words/vocabulary including audio
demonstrations for foreign pronunciations; character web, word web,
charting comparisons, art/photo analysis, silent reading selections, and
other enrichment activities; reviews literary terms—title, author, main
character, plot, moral, setting; creative writing/drawing exercises for
checking comprehension; “Think About It!” and “What Do YOU Think?”
ask factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension and discussion
questions.
hh Growing Up Where Jesus Lived—a 10-chapter informational book
describing ancient Israel in the days of Christ including maps and dia-
grams; treasure chest of Scripture selections for reference and com-
parison; building vocabulary using advanced words and definitions;
illustration observation, interesting cultural facts, charting comparisons,
Scripture songs, sample Aramaic writing, riddles, silent reading selec-
tions, and other enrichment activities; “Think About It!” and “What Do
YOU Think?” ask factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension
and discussion questions.
hh All Kinds of Animals—an informational book containing 15 chapters
about animals; highlight animal information facts and fun facts; observ-
ing animal tracks; discerning false information; observing animals in
GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
their habitat; Bible application highlighting intelligent design; sequenc-
ing order of events; considering charts and instructions; building
vocabulary using advanced words and definitions; charting compari-
sons; glossary of animal profiles; silent reading selections, word webs,
and other enrichment activities; reviews literary terms—character, plot,
setting; creative writing/drawing exercises for checking comprehen-
sion; “Words to Practice” analyze advanced words; “Think About It!” and
“What Do YOU Think?” ask factual, inferential, and interpretive compre-
hension and discussion questions.
hh My New Name—a Christian fiction novel containing a character
sketch, 13 chapters; Bible application; vocabulary enrichment;
reviews literary terms—title, author, main character, plot, moral,
setting; charting comparisons; games, storytelling, illustration
analysis, silent reading selections, word webs, and other enrichment
activities; creative writing/drawing exercises for checking compre-
hension; factual, “What Can YOU Do?”, inferential, and interpretive
comprehension and discussion questions.
hh Reading Comprehension 2—a collection of advertisements, science
articles, short stories, recipes, instructional pages for thinking and
problem solving; index of literary application; identifying main char-
acter—appearance, feelings, actions, as well as main ideas—moral,
author’s intent, cause/effect, problem/solution, context, details, fact/
opinion, fantasy/reality, visualization, prediction based on fact and
textual inference; includes charting comparisons, character webs,
puzzles, diagrams, coloring sheets; factual, inferential, and interpretive
comprehension questions
ƒƒ Primary Bible Reader—class reading selections and passages from the
Old and New Testaments
Comprehension, Discussion & Analysis Skills
Development
ƒƒ Answer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and poems
ƒƒ Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions
ƒƒ Identify main character, main idea, author’s intent, setting, or moral
ƒƒ Understand the parts of a story how to organize them to form a plot for
creative writing
ƒƒ Compare and contrast characters, events, and information; sharpen
problem solving skills; relate cause to effect with character webs and
Venn diagramming
ƒƒ Analyze and draw conclusions from art, illustration, photos, and charted
information
ƒƒ Differentiate fanciful and realistic events

Language Arts: Cursive Writing/Creative Writing

2
Cursive Writing: Building upon each grade, the consistent step-by-step approach Added Enrichment
W¯���i�g 2 to good penmanship presented in Writing with Phonics 2 emphasizes neatness and ƒƒ Decorative journal containing 17
with
Phonics correct letter formation in daily practice. Writing habits which are polished during dated journal entries
W¯riting with Phonics 2

second grade will greatly influence students’ penmanship skills throughout life.
Fifth Edition

ƒƒ Creative writing ex. during:

Creative Writing: Beginning in lesson 81, penmanship class will focus primarily on ƒƒ Science (6)
Penmanship Creative Writing
creative writing skills and some penmanship review. Creative writing skills will be ƒƒ History (12)
� ˘�� ˘����� I ����� ��� ������! taught in a sequence that will prepare students to write their own stories incorpo- ƒƒ Health (3)
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rating higher level thinking skills into imaginative writing.
Evaluation
24325601

ƒƒ Tests (31)
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development ƒƒ Review correct formation for all lower and uppercase letters and
numbers 1–10
ƒƒ Achieve good writing position:
ƒƒ Perfect writing skills for a good, overall appearance:
ƒƒ Sitting properly in desk
ƒƒ Forming difficult letters correctly
ƒƒ Holding pencil correctly
ƒƒ Slanting paper correctly Creative Writing cont. p. 36

35
 GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Creative Writing cont.
Skills Development cont. ƒƒ Use proper punctuation and capitalization; simple sentence
structure; recognize difference between phrases and sentences;
ƒƒ Placing letters correctly on the lines
complete sentences, write sentences using suggested words,
ƒƒ Using proper spacing between letters and words
proper paragraph form, choose titles; develop stories using
ƒƒ Slanting letter properly suggested themes; sequencing; writing a process summary,
ƒƒ Writing slowly and carefully starting/concluding sentences; writing friendly letters; writing
ƒƒ Making smooth connections between letters, difficult letters, blends persuasive letters; writing original poetry; writing an acrostic;
ƒƒ Using key strokes: trace, wave, loop, oval, mountain incorporating character development, plot setting, and moral into
hh Keeping size consistent while making a connection without the help
writing; dated journal entries
of a dotted line ƒƒ Compositions include these themes:
hh Writing without use of dotted lines ƒƒ Imaginative, historical, character building, Bible story, poetry,
hh Double-spaced writing
school, "how to"
ƒƒ Correctly write ƒƒ Compositions
ƒƒ Blends, words, sentences, paragraphs, and poems ƒƒ During creative writing (8)
ƒƒ Creative writing ƒƒ During seatwork (27)
ƒƒ Reviewing the writing process learned in 1st grade: read and gather,
think and plan, write and rewrite, check and polish, share your results

Language Arts: Spelling & Poetry

1
In second grade, spelling is taught as an individual subject for the first time. The
spelling curriculum continues to be correlated with phonics. The spelling lists
float Fou
rth
in Spelling and Poetry 2 reinforce the phonics concepts which the students are
learning. By the end of the year, students will be learning vocabulary words and
Ed
itio
n

castle
their definitions. Poems for memorization have been selected for their beauty of
sand language, literary greatness, and character-building qualities.

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24321301

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Spelling lists (33):
ƒƒ Spelling words (549)
ƒƒ Vocabulary words (54)
ƒƒ Organized by special sounds
ƒƒ Worksheet activities (132): ƒƒ Spelling tests (33)
ƒƒ Build on previous concepts
ƒƒ Reinforce new concepts
ƒƒ Homework sheets (33) include spelling list
ƒƒ Spelling games (16)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling Skills Development ƒƒ Learn how to spell words containing special sounds of similar sound
with different spellings
hh Master spelling lists including:
hh 48 sight words and 3 contractions
Worksheet Activities:
hh 27 commonly misspelled words
ƒƒ Solving crossword puzzles; thinking of homonyms and
rhyming words
hh 12 abbreviations
ƒƒ Creating phrases; grouping similar words together
hh 54 vocabulary words and ­definitions
ƒƒ Understanding the meaning of vocabulary words
hh Use vocabulary words in proper context
ƒƒ Finding misspelled words and knowing how to correct them
ƒƒ Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily:
ƒƒ Matching contractions with their words
ƒƒ Teacher-directed oral practice
ƒƒ Combining root words with the suffixes -y, -er, -est, -ly, -en, -es, -ed
ƒƒ Independent written practice
ƒƒ Using prefixes a-, al-, be-, en-, un-
ƒƒ Hear and see spelling and vocabulary words in example sentences,
in order to: Poetry Skills Development
ƒƒ Clearly picture each word’s meaning; differentiate between hh Memorize 8 lyrical poems
sound-alike words
ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry
hh Use words correctly when speaking and writing
ƒƒ Perform in front of an audience
ƒƒ Learn spelling rules:
ƒƒ Recite in unison
ƒƒ Know: one- and two-vowel rules; k comes before i and e; c comes
ƒƒ Develop appropriate expression and volume
before a, o, and u
ƒƒ Improve comprehension
ƒƒ Correctly use at end of word: double consonants ll or ss; ck after a
hh Learn definitions and use of unfamiliar words
short vowel; ke after a long vowel
ƒƒ Double a consonant before adding a suffix that begins with a ƒƒ Maintain interest and increase understanding with comprehension
vowel questions
ƒƒ Drop the silent e

36
 GRADE 2

Arithmetic
The traditional work-text Arithmetic 2 builds a foundation for learning more abstract concepts
and teaches students how to apply mathematical concepts to real-life situations. Concepts
taught or reviewed in Arithmetic 2 include counting, place value, addition and subtraction,
Work-text Second Edition

money, time, graphs, simple geometry, multiplication and division, and Roman numerals.
Students will apply the skills and facts they have learned as they complete word problems
that are based on concrete situa­tions. New material is built on prior learning and encourages
students to think through new concepts. Arithmetic 2 and curriculum include daily reasoning
questions that challenge students’ thinking ability.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Higher-level thinking activities ƒƒ Daily skills-development exercises
ƒƒ Abeka games ƒƒ Written tests
ƒƒ Thematic units: pond, travel, jungles, ƒƒ Oral tests: combinations, answers, and
camping detailed instructions for weekly oral tests
ƒƒ Review games included in daily lesson plans
ƒƒ Teaching tips
ƒƒ Enrichment activities

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers Addition
ƒƒ Recognize and understand numbers: ƒƒ Addition families:
ƒƒ 1–1,000 ƒƒ 1 –18
hh 1,001–100,000 ƒƒ Horizontal and vertical form
ƒƒ Counting: ƒƒ Add doubles
ƒƒ By ones, twos, fives, and tens to 100 hh Addition terminology
ƒƒ By threes to 36 ƒƒ Addition “twins” (concept of commutative principle)
hh By fours to 48 ƒƒ Timed mastery
hh By twenty-fives to 300 ƒƒ Word problems: oral, written
ƒƒ Continue counting patterns ƒƒ Mental arithmetic:
ƒƒ Tally marks hh Problems with up to 5 single-digit numbers
ƒƒ Writing numbers: hh Estimate sums
ƒƒ By ones, twos, fives, and tens to 1,000 ƒƒ Carrying:
ƒƒ By threes to 36 ƒƒ To tens and hundreds places in 2- and 3-digit problems
hh By fours to 48 hh To ten-thousands place in 3- and 4-digit p
­ roblems
hh Dictation to hundred thousands hh Horizontal problems with carrying
ƒƒ Comparing before and after: ƒƒ Money: add dollars and cents
ƒƒ By ones, twos, fives, tens
hh By twenty-fives and hundreds
Subtraction
ƒƒ Subtraction families:
ƒƒ Number words:
ƒƒ 1 –13
ƒƒ Use of one to twelve
hh 14 –18
hh Use of thirteen to twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty,
ninety, one hundred ƒƒ Vertical and horizontal form
ƒƒ Place value: ƒƒ Subtract:
ƒƒ Ones, tens, hundreds ƒƒ 0, 1, 2; all of a number
hh Half of a number
hh Thousands, ten thousands, hundred thousands
hh Subtraction terminology
hh Money: round to nearest dollar; to nearest ten
ƒƒ Roman numerals: ƒƒ Timed mastery
ƒƒ Counting and value: ƒƒ Word problems: oral, written
hh Mental arithmetic:
ƒƒ 1–12
hh Problems with up to 5 single digit numbers combining subtraction
hh 13–30; 50; 100; 500; 1,000
and addition
ƒƒ Reading clock using Roman numerals
ƒƒ Subtraction with borrowing:
hh Basic rules for Roman numerals:
ƒƒ 2 and 3 digits
hh Add repeated Roman numerals
hh 4 digits
hh Add when lesser numeral follows greater one
ƒƒ Borrowing:
hh Subtract when lesser numeral comes before greater one
hh From tens place in 2-, 3-, and 4-digit problems
hh From hundreds place in 3- and 4-digit problems

Arithmetic cont. p. 38

37
GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
Subtraction cont. ƒƒ o’clock (:00); half past (:30)
hh From thousands place in 4-digit problems ƒƒ Quarter past; quarter till; three-quarters past
hh With zeros in the minuend ƒƒ Five-minute intervals
ƒƒ Money: subtract dollars and cents hh One-minute intervals
ƒƒ Table of time:
Multiplication ƒƒ Seconds, minutes, hours
ƒƒ Building blocks: ƒƒ Days, months, year
ƒƒ Counting by twos, threes, fives, and tens ƒƒ Calendar:
hh Counting by fours ƒƒ Months of year, days of week
hh Word problems: oral, written hh Days in year, weeks in year
hh Graphs to show multiplication facts ƒƒ Date
hh Terms: factor, product hh Time lapse
ƒƒ Multiply: hh Dates as digits
hh By 1, 0
hh Tables, 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10 Money
hh Find missing factor ƒƒ Recognition and value of penny, nickel, dime, quarter, half dollar
hh Multiple combinations ƒƒ Counting pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters, half dollars
hh Multiplication “twins” (concept of commutative principle) hh Combining coins for any amount
hh Converting to cents using dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.)
Division ƒƒ Word problems: oral, written
hh Concept of division hh Recognize symbols:
hh Building blocks: dividing groups of objects hh $ (dollar)
hh Recognize symbols: ÷ and (division house) ƒƒ ¢ (cent)
hh Word problems: oral, written hh Adding money using dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.)
hh Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient hh Determining change
hh Divide: hh Rounding to nearest dollar
hh By 1
hh Tables 2, 3, 5, 10 Measures
hh Division combinations ƒƒ Word problems: oral, written
ƒƒ Temperature:
Fractions ƒƒ Degrees: reading, writing
ƒƒ Parts of a whole and group: one half, one third, one fourth hh Introduced to:
ƒƒ Finding the fractional part of a whole number hh Celsius scale
hh Comparing fractions hh Freezing and boiling point of water
hh Word problems: oral, written hh Body temperature on Fahrenheit scale
hh Mixed numbers ƒƒ Length:
Decimals hh Quarter-inch
ƒƒ Inch, foot, yard, centimeter
ƒƒ Money: use of dollar sign ($) and decimal point (.) in ­addition
hh Meter
hh Align decimal points when adding and subtracting dollars and cents
hh Abbreviations
Problem Solving & Applications hh Smallest to longest
ƒƒ Building blocks: oral word problems hh Comparing lengths
ƒƒ Word problems: hh Applications: measuring, drawing
ƒƒ Addition, subtraction ƒƒ Weight:
hh Multiplication, division ƒƒ Ounce, pound, kilogram
ƒƒ Money hh Gram
hh Fractions hh Applications
hh Carrying, borrowing ƒƒ Dozen, half dozen
hh Steps of problem-­solving process ƒƒ Capacity: cup, pint, quart, gallon
ƒƒ Applications for broader and deeper understanding of concepts:
ƒƒ Time, length, temperature
Graphing, Statistics, Probability
ƒƒ Bar graphs:
ƒƒ Graphs, weight, money
ƒƒ Horizontal
hh Fractions, recipes
hh Vertical
Time ƒƒ Pictographs
ƒƒ Clock: hh Line graphs: plot point on line graph
ƒƒ Hour and minute hands hh Circle graphs
ƒƒ a.m. and p.m. hh Read a grid, a map
hh Comparing graphs

Arithmetic cont. p. 39

38
 GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
Geometry hh Scale drawings

ƒƒ Plane figures: circle, square, rectangle, ­triangle ƒƒ Symmetry

hh Plane figures: oval, hexagon, trapezoid hh Locations on a coordinate plane

hh Solid figures: sphere, cube, pyramid ƒƒ Perimeter:

hh Vertex: identify number of vertexes in plane and solid shapes ƒƒ Rectangle
hh Edge and face: identify number of edges and faces in plane and hh Square

solid shapes hh Geometric Shapes

hh Measure, draw, and compare lines

History & Geography

Our America takes students back into history to learn what life would Added Enrichment
have been like in our country’s early days. Students will study the lives ƒƒ Vocabulary boxes featuring difficult
of groups of people who have made valuable contributions to our words and definitions
American heritage: the Pilgrims, Native Americans, early colonists, ƒƒ Activities included in student text and
pioneers, cowboys, and immigrants. teacher edition such as games, class
In addition to maps and geographical facts, Our America also features parades, art p ­ rojects, class diorama
information about our flag and the history behind our patriotic holidays ƒƒ Songs such as “Swing Low, Sweet Chariot”
and songs. Review questions and activities throughout the text help to and “Pawpaw Patch” passed down
check students’ comprehension. through history from early Americans
ƒƒ Creative Writing (12)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Sweet Land of Liberty hh What were colonial houses like: clapboard, log cabins, stone,
plantations
ƒƒ Americans:
hh What did colonists eat: meat and vegetables, food that could be
ƒƒ Unique people
dried
ƒƒ Flag: symbol of America
ƒƒ Colonial Shops:
ƒƒ America's freedoms: freedom of speech, press, religion, and assem-
ƒƒ What kinds of shops: silversmith, blacksmith, joiner, cobbler,
bly, using your freedoms wisely
apothecary, cooper, whitesmith
Early America hh How were things bought/sold: bartering system

hh Native Americans ƒƒ Colonial Schools:

hh First Americans hh Most children taught at home

hh Regional differences: way of life varied according to location hh School was seasonal

hh Separatists hh One-room schoolhouses: teacher called schoolmaster, taught all

hh Escaping from England to Holland students in same room

hh Leaving Holland for the New World hh Hornbook/New England Primer

ƒƒ Pilgrims ƒƒ Activities:
ƒƒ Travelling on the Mayflower hh Making an oiled-paper window

ƒƒ Landing in the New World hh Making a hornbook

ƒƒ Meeting the Native Americans/making friendships: Samoset,

Squanto
A Free America
ƒƒ George Washington
ƒƒ Learning how to survive: planting corn, fishing, hunting
hh French and Indian War
ƒƒ Activities
ƒƒ The Declaration of Independence
hh Weaving a mat
hh Why colonies wanted to declare freedom from England
hh Watching maize grow
ƒƒ July 4, 1776: date of declaration
ƒƒ Landmarks/symbols: Plymouth Harbor/Plymouth Rock
hh Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Place where signers of Declaration
ƒƒ American Holidays: Thanksgiving Day
met
Colonial America ƒƒ American War for Independence
ƒƒ Colonial Life: ƒƒ George Washington leads Colonial army
hh What is a colony ƒƒ Reason for war: freedom from England
ƒƒ United States of America

History cont. p. 40

39
GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
History & Geography cont.
ƒƒ 13 original colonies become 13 states hh Cowboys: job, equipment needed
ƒƒ George Washington chosen as first President hh Cow towns
ƒƒ Flag of the United States of America hh Cattle drives: chuck wagons, wranglers, stampedes
hh Liberty Tree and Rattlesnake flags hh America's Songs: "Git Along, Little Dogies"; "Goodbye Old Paint"
ƒƒ Colors/design of flag: 13 stripes, alternating red and white, 13
white stars in field of blue A New America
hh New Americans: immigrants
hh Betsy Ross: seamstress, possibly made 1st flag
hh Dreams, goals: freedom of worship, finding good job, good educa-
ƒƒ Pledge of Allegiance: meaning of words
tion, enough food to eat, owning land/home
ƒƒ Landmarks/Symbols:
ƒƒ America's Songs: "God Bless America"
ƒƒ Statue of Liberty
hh American Free-Enterprise System
ƒƒ Liberty Bell
hh How businesses work: consumer/producer, supply/demand
ƒƒ Washington Monument
hh American Work Ethic
ƒƒ American Holidays:
hh American Holidays: Labor Day–first Monday in September
ƒƒ Independence Day–July 4
hh American Inventions/Inventors: sleeping car, assembly line, airplane,
ƒƒ Washington's Birthday/Presidents' Day—third Monday in February
telephone, light bulbs, phonographs, motion pictures
hh Flag Day–June 14
hh More American Inventors and Scientists:
hh Flag etiquette
hh Garrett Morgan: breathing mask, traffic light
ƒƒ America's Songs: "Yankee Doodle"
hh Norman Borlaug: global hunger

A Growing America hh Dr. Robert Shurney: scientist for NASA

hh The Battle of 1812 hh Igor Sikorsky: helicopter

ƒƒ Fort McHenry, Baltimore, MD hh Mary Anderson: windshield wiper

ƒƒ America's Songs: "The Star-Spangled Banner" hh Dr. An Wang: computer memory

ƒƒ Originally was a poem hh Americans of Creativity:

hh Became national anthem in 1931 hh Fanny Crosby: hymns

ƒƒ Landmarks/Symbols: Smithsonian Institute hh John Philip Sousa: conductor/composer

ƒƒ America's Songs: "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" hh Norman Rockwell: art, Saturday Evening Post

hh Written by Samuel Francis Smith hh American Athletes Who Changed the Game:

hh Tune is from German hymn hh Jackie Robinson: baseball

hh America's Pioneers hh Knute Rockne: football

hh Westward expansion—frontier hh Jim Thorpe: Olympic athlete

hh Daniel Boone, Wilderness Road hh Americans of Courage:

hh Wagon master/wagon train hh On the Battlefield: Sergeant Alvin York, Sergeant Silvestre Herrera,

hh Pioneer's possessions 101st Airborne, Navajo Code Talkers

hh What it was like traveling west hh Courage in Space and Science Discovery

ƒƒ America's Songs: "Pawpaw Patch," "Skip to My Lou," "America the hh Neil Armstrong, Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin: Apollo 11 mission

Beautiful" hh Crew of the Challenger

hh The Underground Railroad: hh Courage on the Mission Field:

hh Leaders: Harriet Tubman, William Still, Thomas Garrett, Levi Coffin hh John and Betty Stam

ƒƒ Landmarks/Symbols: Levi Coffin House—Underground Railroad hh Jim and Elisabeth Elliot

"station" hh Last States Added to Union: Alaska, Hawaii added
ƒƒ America's Songs: "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" ƒƒ Territories of United States: Guam, Puerto Rico, American Samoa,
hh Our Country Argues: U.S. Virgin Islands
hh States' rights/slavery ƒƒ Activities
ƒƒ Abraham Lincoln hh Writing your own code

ƒƒ Landmarks/Symbols: Lincoln Memorial

Tomorrow's America
ƒƒ American Holidays:
ƒƒ Good Citizenship
hh Memorial Day—May 30
ƒƒ Communities: cities/urban areas, suburbs, towns, rural
hh Veterans Day—November 11
hh Privilege to Pray

The American West hh Privilege to Serve

hh Railroads
Geography Study
hh "Iron Horse"
ƒƒ Globe
hh Effects of railroad on Native American way of life–treaties
ƒƒ Cardinal/secondary directions, compass rose
hh Union Pacific/Central Pacific–transcontinental railroad finished
ƒƒ Seven Continents and five oceans
in 1869
hh Hemisphere
hh Changed what kinds of foods people ate
ƒƒ Equator
hh Cattle Ranching
hh Poles
hh Brands

History cont. p. 41

40
 GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
History & Geography cont.
Geography Study cont. ƒƒ Neighbors to north and south: Canada and Mexico
ƒƒ Coasts ƒƒ Map Key
ƒƒ Home state hh Landforms: hill, mountain, valley, gorge, lake, river, island, peninsula

ƒƒ Regions of United States hh Appalachian and Rocky Mountains

ƒƒ 13 original colonies, 50 state locations ƒƒ Great Lakes, Great Plains

ƒƒ Capital city (Washington, D.C.) hh Volcano, Glaciers

ƒƒ Location of England, Holland (The Netherlands) hh Mt. Denali

ƒƒ Mississippi River, Gulf of Mexico

Science
2 2
Enjoying God’s World guides the student’s study of God’s plan for creation. Added Enrichment
Students will increase both their reading comprehension and their knowledge of ƒƒ Additional hands-on learning
scientific concepts while learning about the human body, plants, animals and their activities in daily lesson plans
Fifth Edition

habitats, matter and energy, and earth and space from God’s viewpoint. ƒƒ Lesson activities (17)
Through the “how” and “why” questions that are answered in this text, children will ƒƒ Additional activities (90)
learn about the world around them while developing their thinking skills. Enjoying ƒƒ Experiments (7)
God’s World also includes hands-on activities and demonstrations that help to ƒƒ Creative Writing (6)
increase each student’s comprehension of basic science concepts.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Human Biology hh How leaves make food in green plants–chlorophyll, sunlight,

hh Balance of living things

carbon dioxide, water, sugar
hh Why green leaves change colors in the fall–decay, dormant
ƒƒ Special to God: five senses and sense organs
ƒƒ Eyes: pupil, iris, lens ƒƒ Roots: root hairs
hh How roots help the soil–topsoil, subsoil, erosion
ƒƒ Ears: outer ear, ear canal, eardrum, vibrations, sound waves
hh How seeds travel–wind, water, people, animals (hitchhikers)
ƒƒ Nose: nostrils, odors, molecules
ƒƒ Tongue: taste buds, works with smell ƒƒ Reproduce after their kind
ƒƒ Skin: sweat, pores, goose bumps, epidermis, dermis, follicle, root Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Bones: skeleton, skull, collarbone, shoulder blade, upper-arm bone, ƒƒ Seeing how water rises up a stem
breastbone, ribs, finger bones, backbone, hipbone, thighbone, knee- ƒƒ Watching a plant grow
cap, toe bones
Animals and Their Habitats
hh Body Systems:
hh Habitats–unique to each animal
hh Nervous System–brain, spinal cord, nerves
hh Four things each habitat must have–water, space, food, shelter
hh Digestive System–teeth, stomach, intestines, waste
hh Keeping habitats balanced–food chain, predator, prey
hh Muscles: skeletal, cardiac
hh Ocean Habitat
hh Tendons
hh Examples of different animals: whales, sharks
hh Heart: blood vessels, veins, arteries
hh Difference between saltwater, freshwater
hh Lungs: oxygen, carbon dioxide, inhale, exhale, bloodstream
hh Kelp, kelp forests, krill
hh Teeth: front–cutting, pointed–tearing, back–grinding, crown, enamel,
hh Equipment
roots
hh Migration, instinct
Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Pond Habitat
ƒƒ Discovering how to block sound waves
hh Examples of different animals: beaver, turtle
hh Watching your pulse
hh Freshwater habitat
hh Making a map of your teeth
hh Space difference compared to ocean
Plant World hh Different food available
ƒƒ Uses for plants: oxygen, nutrients hh How habitat stays balanced
ƒƒ Parts of a plant hh Shelter: beaver lodge and dam
ƒƒ Flowers or cones: make seeds, have pollen hh Equipment: teeth–chisels, engineer–webbed feet, tail
hh How honeybees help the plant world–nectar hh Forest Habitat
ƒƒ Stems: vines, tree trunks hh Examples of different animals: chipmunk, bear, owl
ƒƒ Leaves: veins hh Land habitat

Science cont. p. 42

41
GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Animals and Their Habitats cont. hh Push or pull on object

hh Dependent on trees for food and shelter hh Types: gravity, friction, magnetism

hh Predators/prey of forest maintain balance hh Magnetism:

hh How habitat stays balanced hh Attracts or repels

hh Shelter: nests, burrows, dens hh North and South poles

hh Hibernation and lowered body temperatures hh Uses: motors, recycling, airport security, medical imaging, com-

hh Savanna Habitat
puter memory
hh Examples of different animals: lions, giraffes, elephants, zebras, hh Work and Machines

cheetahs hh Examples: wheel and axle, inclined plane/ramp, pulley, lever

hh Grasslands habitat hh Terminology: effort, load, fulcrum, effort force

hh Two seasons: rainy, dry hh Changing Movement

hh Animal groups: grazers, herds, prides, cubs hh Inertia

hh Rainforest Habitat hh Effects of friction: wears things down, heats things up

hh Four layers: emergent, canopy, understory, forest floor hh States of Matter
hh Examples of different animals: monkeys, sloths, butterflies, hh States: solid, liquid, gas
snakes, toucans, tree frogs, jaguars, leopards, fungi, termites, hh How matter changes: melting, freezing
worms, tigers, gorillas, wild pigs, insects Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Examples of plants: tall trees, vines, mosses, flowers, ferns
hh Using energy from wind and moving water to turn a pinwheel
hh Thick vegetation provides plenty of food
hh Be a scientist! Practice the scientific method with gravity.
hh Gives off oxygen
hh Be a scientist! Practice the scientific method with magnetism.
hh Medicine comes from variety of plants
hh Discovering more about how magnets pull
hh Insects and Their Habitats
hh Be a scientist! Practice the scientific method with machines.
hh Live in all land habitats
hh Measuring a solid
ƒƒ Insect legs: six legs, designed for different jobs–running, jumping,
hh Measuring a liquid
gathering pollen, grasping
hh Comparing volumes of air
ƒƒ Parts of an Insect: head, thorax, abdomen, spiracles
hh How insects grow The Air Around Us
ƒƒ Life Cycle of a Butterfly: egg, larva, pupa, adult, chrysalis, cocoon hh God's perfect design of air for people, animals, and plants
hh Life Cycle of Grasshopper: egg, nymph, adult, outside skeleton hh Atmosphere
hh Harmful insects: flies, termites, beetles, grasshoppers hh How atmosphere makes the sky blue
hh Helpful insects: spiders hh Weather Ingredients: heat, water, wind
hh Animal protection hh Appropriate clothing/protection: sunscreen, waterproof
hh God's special design: long legs, wings, ability to play dead, horns, hh Types of wind: breeze, gust, gale
antlers, appearance, taste hh What makes the wind blow: cool air–heavy, warm air–light
hh Examples of different animals: turtle—shell, skunk—spray, porcu- hh Water Cycle
pine—quills, fawn—spotted coat, some butterflies—taste
hh Evaporation: water vapor
Activities & Demonstrations: hh Condensation: water droplets, make clouds
hh Discovering why webbed feet help the beaver swim
hh Precipitation:
hh Finding the three body parts of insects
hh Rain–drizzle
ƒƒ Watching a caterpillar change hh Sleet–rain that is frozen before it falls

Science Investigation hh Snow–crystals, snowflakes

hh How scientists work hh Hail–happens during spring, summer

hh Scientific method: observe and ask questions, guess and predict, hh Other kinds of wet weather: humid, foggy, frost
experiment and gather data, study data and share it hh Storms:
hh Terminology: investigate, method, experiment, prediction, data, hh Hurricanes: landfall, eye
theory hh Tornadoes: touched down
hh Where scientists work: lab or place of study hh Thunderstorms: lightning, static electricity, thundercloud
hh Science tools: hand lens, microscope, telescope, ruler, scale, beaker, hh Blizzards: blowing snowstorm
thermometer, stopwatch hh Other Kinds of Severe Weather:
hh Science safety: handling materials, tools, wearing goggles
hh Floods
Activities & Demonstrations: hh Droughts
hh Be a scientist! Practice the scientific method with plants. hh Predicting Weather

How Things Work hh Meteorologists, forecasts, radar, satellites, weather balloons

hh God's plan for order in the universe hh What to do during bad weather

hh Energy Activities & Demonstrations:

hh Makes things go hh Demonstrating that air is real

hh Forms: heat, water, wind, sound hh Watching evaporation and condensation

hh Engines use fuel, electricity for energy hh Be a scientist! Practice scientific method with precipitation.

hh Force and Movement

Science cont. p. 43

42
 GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Earth and Space hh Planets of Solar System:

hh Stars: hh God's plan for solar system: order and size of each planet

hh What is a star–purpose, place, number, brightness hh Description of each planet: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
hh What is a shooting star–meteoroid, meteor, meteorite
hh Earth: Designed for Life–God's provision and plan in His design for
hh What is a constellation
our planet
hh Examples of constellations: Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Orion
hh Landforms: canyon, mountain chain, deserts, mountains, valleys,
hh Sun
rainforests
hh God's plan for the sun
hh Our Responsibility:
hh Star closest to Earth
hh Natural resources: food, water, right kind of air, energy sources,
hh How does sun's energy help Earth–light, heat, makes weather building materials
hh How does Earth travel around Sun–spin, orbit and tilt create hh Stewardship: taking care of what God has given us
seasons
hh Repurposing, reusing, recycling
hh Moon:
Activities & Demonstrations:
hh God's plan for moon
hh Finding constellations
hh Reflects sun's light
hh Be a scientist! Practice the scientific method with day and night.
hh Description of moon's surface: craters
hh Discovering how moonlight works
hh Astronauts: need for spacesuit
hh Be a scientist! Practice the scientific method with orbital forces.
hh Moon's cycle in sky: crescent
hh How moon affects Earth: high/low tide cause circulation of water
hh Space Science:
hh Space travel: space shuttles, space station, spacewalk, space
probes, landers, rovers

Health
2
The purpose of Health, Safety, and Manners 2 is to teach the basic facts of Added Enrichment
health and safety; to teach courtesy at home, at school, and everywhere; ƒƒ Hands-on learning activities, charts,
and to instill within students a desire to take care of the body God has given and checklists in student book, teacher
them.
Fourth Edition

­edition, and daily lesson plans (28)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Health ƒƒ Protein:
ƒƒ My Body–My Home ƒƒ Builds muscles
ƒƒ God's plan for your body ƒƒ Helps body heal
ƒƒ How to stay Healthy ƒƒ Need some everyday
ƒƒ Building Good Habits hh Body cannot store protein

ƒƒ Building Good Nutrition ƒƒ Examples: meat, beans, nuts, eggs

hh Energy ƒƒ Grains:
ƒƒ Nutrients hh Contain carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals

ƒƒ Tools for Nutritious Meals: Need to eat a variety of each ƒƒ Give your body energy
ƒƒ Vegetables: hh 4–5 servings per day

ƒƒ Contain vitamins, minerals, fiber ƒƒ Half of grains should be whole grains

ƒƒ Divided into 5 groups: dark green, red and orange, starchy, ƒƒ Fat: stored energy
beans and peas, others ƒƒ Dairy:
ƒƒ 2–3 servings per day ƒƒ Contains milk, yogurt, cheese, pudding, etc.
ƒƒ Fruits: hh Contains calcium

ƒƒ Contain vitamins, minerals, fiber ƒƒ Builds strong bones/teeth

ƒƒ Contain vitamin C ƒƒ Need some every day
ƒƒ 2–3 servings per day
Health cont. p. 44

43
GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Health cont.
ƒƒ Healthy Fats: ƒƒ Getting Enough Sleep
hh Not a food group ƒƒ Muscles rest and store up energy
hh Helps heart stay healthy hh Muscles, skin, and bones repair and grow
hh Helps body absorb needed vitamins hh You are more alert
hh Examples: olive oil, canola oil, nuts, olives, avocados hh Should sleep 10–11 hours at night
ƒƒ Water: hh Have a routine:
ƒƒ Helps: digest food, get rid of waste, blood flow, control body hh Go to bed at same time each night
temperature hh Avoid eating heavy meals or exercising before bedtime
ƒƒ Body does not store water hh Turn off any screens 30 minutes before bedtime
ƒƒ Drink about 5 glasses of liquids each day ƒƒ Sleep in dark, comfortable, quiet room
ƒƒ Drink more during hot weather hh Use a nightlight, if needed
ƒƒ Building Healthy Meals ƒƒ Keeping Your Body Clean
ƒƒ A Nutritious Breakfast hh Outer covering of body, protects against dirt and germs
hh Most important meal of day hh Use sunscreen
hh Needs to contain choices from at least 3 food groups ƒƒ Wash cut with soap and water
ƒƒ Lunch–The Middle Meal ƒƒ Wash hands often to prevent spread of germs
hh Gives energy to keep going ƒƒ Wash after using bathroom, blow nose, touching animals, or
ƒƒ Should contain several food groups garbage
ƒƒ Protein, grain, vegetable or fruit, milk or water hh Wash correctly: wet hands and apply soap, rub hands, rinse
ƒƒ Time for Dinner and dry hands
hh Last meal of day ƒƒ Use nailbrush and keep nails trimmed
hh Gives body energy until breakfast hh Avoid biting fingernails and putting fingers in mouth

ƒƒ Helps you sleep soundly ƒƒ Wash face twice a day

ƒƒ Should contain several food groups ƒƒ Take a shower/bath regularly
hh Snacks are needed ƒƒ Wash hair regularly
hh Give energy between meals ƒƒ Brush/comb hair each day
hh Avoid sugar ƒƒ Wear clean clothes every day
hh Examples: fruit, vegetables, low-fat cheese sticks, hard-boiled ƒƒ Taking care of your teeth
egg, granola bar, low-fat yogurt hh Purpose of teeth: chew food, speak clearly, have a great smile
hh Restaurant Choices ƒƒ Brushing teeth:
hh Make healthy choices ƒƒ Prevents cavities
hh Examples: fruit instead of French fries; milk, water, or juice ƒƒ After meals or twice a day
instead of soda; grilled chicken sandwich instead of hamburger ƒƒ Removes sugars and acid from teeth
or chicken nuggets hh Brush for 2–3 minutes
ƒƒ Activities ƒƒ Toothbrush should have soft bristles
ƒƒ My Food for the Day hh Toothpaste should have fluoride
ƒƒ Building Healthy Habits hh Fluoride makes teeth stonger
ƒƒ Practicing Good Posture: ƒƒ Store toothbrush in clean, dry place
ƒƒ Way you hold your body when sitting, standing, or walking hh Avoid sharing toothbrush
hh Helps you have better breathing and more energy ƒƒ Flossing teeth
ƒƒ Shoes that fit correctly help posture ƒƒ Floss once a day
ƒƒ Activities hh Visit dentist twice a year
ƒƒ Good posture test ƒƒ Limiting sugar helps keep teeth healthy
ƒƒ Exercising Your Body: ƒƒ Taking Care of Your Eyes
ƒƒ Any activity that uses muscles of body ƒƒ Avoid touching/rubbing to prevent the spread of germs
ƒƒ Examples: swimming, running, jumping rope, walking ƒƒ Make sure there is enough light to see clearly
ƒƒ Benefits ƒƒ Avoid looking directly at sun–wear sunglasses
hh Keep healthy weight hh Wear eye protection when needed during sports
ƒƒ Sleep better ƒƒ Have vision checked yearly
hh Think clearly ƒƒ Caring for Your Ears
ƒƒ Strengthen muscles hh Use sunscreen or wear a hat to protect from sun
hh Feel better about yourself ƒƒ Wear a hat in cold weather to protect from frostbite
hh Goal is 60 minutes per day ƒƒ Wear a helmet when playing sports
ƒƒ Playing outside: sunshine provides vitamin D ƒƒ Wash regularly
ƒƒ Play quietly if tired ƒƒ Avoid putting small objects into ears
ƒƒ Activities hh Use earplugs around loud noises to prevent hearing loss
ƒƒ Animal Exercises: Tiger Touchdown, Flamingo Stand, Elephant hh Keep volume of music low
Swing, Ostrich Run, Seagull Wing Stretcher
hh Limit use of headphones, earbuds

Health cont. p. 45

44
 GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Health cont.
ƒƒ Your Nose Keeps You Healthy ƒƒ Fire Safety
ƒƒ Nose warms and moistens air you breathe hh Always let an adult handle matches/lighters
ƒƒ Tiny hairs catch/collect dust and germs hh Be careful around lamps, heaters, and candles
ƒƒ Cover nose and mouth when sneezing hh Tell parents or adults if a fire is seen
hh A Visit to the Doctor ƒƒ Have an escape plan if house is on fire
hh Helps keep you healthy ƒƒ Crawl on floor to avoid smoke
hh Regular checkups even when not sick are important hh Feel door for heat
hh Help you know if growing/developing normally hh Firefighters:
hh Time to ask questions hh Equipment is for protection
hh Tools used during visit: hh Do not be afraid–there to help you
hh Blood pressure cuff ƒƒ What to do when clothes catch on fire:
hh Stethoscope ƒƒ Stop, drop, cover face, and roll
hh Doctor may suggest immunizations ƒƒ Do not run
hh Doctor may remind you of safety habits ƒƒ Activities:
hh Ask questions ƒƒ Fun with safety at home–word search
ƒƒ Activities ƒƒ Safety Away from Home
ƒƒ My Health Habits Chart hh Police officers are friends
hh Know parents' names, telephone numbers, and address
Safety ƒƒ Good Safety Habits:
ƒƒ Safety Under Construction: be alert, learn safe way to do things
ƒƒ Ask permission before going anywhere
ƒƒ Preparing for an Emergency
ƒƒ Tell an adult where you are going
ƒƒ Call 9-1-1 only if an emergency
hh When alone, do not talk to people you don't know
hh Know address and phone number
ƒƒ Do not ride in car with stranger
ƒƒ Activities:
ƒƒ Do not pet stray animals
ƒƒ Emergency Information
ƒƒ Do not eat anything you find without permission from adult
ƒƒ Safety in My Home
hh Personal Safety
ƒƒ Avoid running inside
ƒƒ Walking Safety
ƒƒ Be careful on stairs
ƒƒ Pedestrians
hh Ask for help when needing to reach something too high
ƒƒ Walk on sidewalk or single file on left side of road
ƒƒ Put things away to prevent tripping
ƒƒ Cross street at corner/use crosswalk
ƒƒ Carry sharp things with point facing down
hh Ask permission before petting someone's animal
ƒƒ Do not run while carrying sharp objects
hh Stay still if stray animal approaches. Call out for help.
ƒƒ Answer door/phone only with permission from adult
ƒƒ Look both ways before crossing railroad tracks.
ƒƒ Safety in the Kitchen
hh Stand back from railroad tracks if train is going by
hh Have an adult present
ƒƒ Recognize these signs:
hh Wear an apron to keep clothes neat
hh Traffic lights, crosswalk, railroad crossing, road work, bike route
hh Wash hands and counters before beginning
ƒƒ Safety on Wheels
hh Help with measuring, pouring, stirring
ƒƒ Bicycle Safety:
ƒƒ Avoid heat, sharp objects, and appliances that only adults should
ƒƒ Wear helmet
use
hh Keep both hands on handlebars unless signaling
hh Help set the table
ƒƒ Use hand signals when turning or stopping
hh Help clean up after each meal
ƒƒ Ride on right side of road
ƒƒ Safety in the Bathroom
hh Walk bike across intersections
hh Turn on cold water first to avoid being burned
ƒƒ Don't let friends ride on bike with you
hh Put things away
hh Skateboarding/Rollerblading:
ƒƒ Wipe up any spilled water
hh Wear helmet, knee pads, elbow pads
hh Use the things that belong to you
hh Find a smooth, dry place to ride
ƒƒ Avoid playing with anything in medicine cabinet
hh Stay away from traffic
hh Take medicine only when parents give it to you
ƒƒ Car Safety:
hh Only use cleaning supplies with an adult present
ƒƒ Buckle seat belt
ƒƒ Gun Safety
hh Talk quietly
hh Only responsible adults should handle guns
ƒƒ Keep hands inside car
hh 4 steps for safety:
ƒƒ Use door closest to curb when exiting
hh Stop what you are doing when you see a gun
ƒƒ Bus Safety:
hh Do not touch the gun
hh Stand away from curb while waiting for bus
hh Leave the area where you see the gun
hh Wait until driver opens door to move
hh Tell an adult
ƒƒ Wear seat belt if available
ƒƒ Stay seated

Health cont. p. 46

45
GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Health cont.
Safety cont. ƒƒ Child said kind words to others
hh Talk quietly hh Child was helpful and kind to a new student

ƒƒ Keep hands and head inside bus hh When child was unkind to someone, he asked God to forgive
him
hh Wait your turn when exiting
ƒƒ Child went to the person to whom he had been unkind and told
hh Look left, right, and left again before crossing the street
him he was sorry and asked for forgiveness
ƒƒ Winter Sports Safety:
hh Say and do things to show others they are special to you and to
hh Wear warm clothes
God
hh Use sunscreen
hh Be friendly and helpful to others when they need help
hh Eat and drink to stay energized and hydrated
hh Try to understand how others feel
hh Stay seated when sledding
ƒƒ When you do something wrong to others, say you are sorry and
hh Make sure all equipment fits and works correctly mean it
ƒƒ Water Safety: ƒƒ Forgive others as God forgives you
ƒƒ Pools, lakes, ocean, boat: ƒƒ Cheerfulness
ƒƒ Walk hh Everyone enjoys being around a happy, cheerful person
ƒƒ Don't run ƒƒ The Bible says our good words and smile start in our heart
ƒƒ No pushing hh We can ask God to change our heart from sad to glad
ƒƒ Take a break hh The joy and gladness God gives will show in our words and counte-
hh Use sunscreen nance
ƒƒ Don't swim alone ƒƒ "Making Changes"
hh Obey the lifeguard ƒƒ Manners shown by child in story:
hh Play where bottom of lake is visible hh Child does his brother's chores
ƒƒ Stay with an adult at lake/ocean hh Child becomes upset but asks God to forgive him and help him
hh Ask permission before touching animals have a joyful heart
hh Face ocean instead of beach to avoid being knocked over by hh When child wants to say unkind words, he asks God to help
waves him say right, cheerful words
ƒƒ Wear life jacket when in a boat ƒƒ Respect
hh Be prepared for changing weather–bring extra jacket, drinks ƒƒ "Honoring Mr. Miller"
hh Keep hands and feet inside boat ƒƒ Manners shown by child in story:
ƒƒ Storm Safety: ƒƒ Child and his family invite an older man at their church to join
ƒƒ Go inside a building when see lightning or hear thunder them at a banquet
hh Stay away from windows hh Child helps older man by taking his plate to the table

hh Wait to take a bath/shower hh Child listens and does not interrupt as older man talks

ƒƒ If outside, stay away from trees and water hh Giving respect to someone shows that you understand that the

hh Stay in car
person is important
hh You should respect your parents, teacher, pastor, and principal
ƒƒ Activities
hh You should show a special respect or honor to older adults
ƒƒ Remember: Safety First
ƒƒ Greeting adults you know by name and listening to them shows
Manners respect
ƒƒ Courtesy ƒƒ Thoughtfulness
ƒƒ A Manners Journey ƒƒ "Jimmy Learns to Help"
ƒƒ Say "please" and "thank you" ƒƒ Manners shown by child in story:
ƒƒ Speak loud enough to be heard ƒƒ Child realizes his cousin is blind but the same person he has
hh Look directly at person to whom you are speaking always known
ƒƒ Wait to speak unless it is an emergency ƒƒ Child learns that his cousin uses his other senses and cane for
ƒƒ Say "excuse me" when interrupting or walking in front of people guidance
ƒƒ Greet people and use their name ƒƒ Child and brother forget to help their cousin at the ice cream
shop
ƒƒ "Everyday Courtesy"
ƒƒ Mom corrects child and brother and they apologize to cousin
ƒƒ Manners shown by child in story:
hh A thoughtful person thinks of others and looks for ways to help and
ƒƒ Serving food to guests
encourage them
ƒƒ Said "please" to brother when asking for help and "thank you"
ƒƒ God wants us to treat others like we want to be treated
when he received help
ƒƒ A thoughtful person looks for ways to be thoughtful to others at
ƒƒ Greeting Mrs. Reed, his Sunday School teacher
home and school
hh When introduced to Dad's boss, he looked at him and spoke
ƒƒ Thankfulness
loud enough to be heard
ƒƒ "Saying Thank You with Words and Deeds"
ƒƒ Said "excuse me" when he had to walk in front of a guest
ƒƒ Manners shown by child in story:
ƒƒ Kindness
ƒƒ Child thanks friend's mom for inviting him
ƒƒ "Jimmy Tries Kindness"
ƒƒ Child and friend thank friend's mom for snack
ƒƒ Manners shown by child in story:
ƒƒ Child helps pick up toys before he leaves
hh Child was kind to pet and took care of it

Health cont. p. 47

46
 GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Health cont.
Manners cont. ƒƒ Manners for Meals
ƒƒ Before leaving, child thanks friend's mom for inviting him and for ƒƒ Meal times are important times for families
the snack ƒƒ Meals are a time to enjoy food and family
ƒƒ Child writes a thank you letter hh Good manners and pleasant conversation make any meal better

ƒƒ Thank others when they are kind to you ƒƒ "It's Time to Eat!"
hh Thank God in prayer for the things He does for you ƒƒ Manners shown by child in story:
ƒƒ Patience hh Child sets the table correctly

ƒƒ "Being Patient Can Do Many Things—Have You Tried It?" hh Child learns to pass food correctly around the table

ƒƒ Manners shown by child in story: hh Child realizes he must chew with his mouth closed

ƒƒ Child has to wait for breakfast hh Child sees his parents act kindly to servers in busy restaurant

ƒƒ Child waits to answer questions hh Child at fast food restaurant does not take too many napkins

ƒƒ Child has to wait to take his turn on the slide or silverware

ƒƒ When child interrupts parents he must give a definition of
patience and an apology
ƒƒ Being patient means waiting without getting angry
hh You should be patient with everyone
hh You can ask God to help you be patient with others

Bible
Second graders will enjoy learning about a variety of Bible characters including Evaluation
Joshua, Judges, Ruth, Jonah, and Moses. The Abeka Flash-a-Cards help s­ tudents ƒƒ Graded memory verse pas-
visualize events as they study the life of Moses and his journey from Egypt to the sages  (8)
Promised Land. Students will learn about Moses’ decision to suffer with God’s
people rather than live in luxury; they will also learn that even though Moses
chose to follow God, he still faced many trials. By studying Bible characters such
as Moses, students will learn how to respond to real-life joys and struggles.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 355 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Memory Work

ƒƒ Salvation Series (5 lessons) hh New passages (8) containing 54 verses
hh Life of Moses Series (20): Moses in Egypt; Journey to Sinai; Journey ƒƒ Review verses (31)
through the Wilderness
ƒƒ First Christmas (5) Doctrinal Truths 39 questions/answers
hh Joshua (7); Judges (6); Ruth (3)
ƒƒ Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,
salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation
ƒƒ Crucifixion and Resurrection (9)
hh Jonah (2); Favorite Bible Stories 1 and 2 (10) Prayer Time
ƒƒ The First Thanksgiving ƒƒ Learn to pray with thanks­giving for each other, our nation, those in
authority over us
Music 62 songs
ƒƒ Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, patriotic songs
including:
hh 10 new hymns and songs; 8 new choruses

47
GRADE 2

Music
The traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections in Songs We Enjoy 2 have delighted children
for many years. Enrichment ideas for teaching new songs and ideas for motions and props are
included throughout the book. The sing-along CD makes song time enjoyable for the students and
easy for the teacher.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 68 songs hh Discover historical information contributing to songs origin

hh Define 32 unfamiliar words in the lyrics hh Reinforce Bible stories through fun Bible songs

ƒƒ Exercise creativity by acting out songs with props ƒƒ Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest:
hh Improve coordination by tapping or clapping with leader to steady ƒƒ Play acting; singing in a round; answering riddles
beat hh Humming; enunciating silly words; echo singing; drumming sounds

ƒƒ Learn to: ƒƒ Using dynamic contrast

ƒƒ Follow a song leader while staying together with class or CD
Variety of Songs to Memorize
hh Sing in a round while staying together with group and staying
ƒƒ Fun, folk, holiday, spirituals and gospel, patriotic
on pitch

Arts & Crafts

Art Projects 2 is a full-color book designed to expand each student's creativity and imagination. The
month-by-month seasonal, patriotic, academic, and keepsake projects teach students not only to
appreciate the beauty of art but also to express themselves in a way that is pure, lovely, and of good
report. Studying the color wheel helps students build a foundational understanding of art concepts and
techniques, while exploring the new medium of chalk. Includes glossary of Art terminology.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Arts and Crafts 38 projects ƒƒ Color

Concept and Technique Development
ƒƒ Media and Art Types
ƒƒ Crayon, paper, pencil, glitter, painting, glow-in-the-dark painting,
fibers and mixed media, chalk, marker, colored pencils, felt
ƒƒ Illustrating: color wheel, story, song, Scripture, poem, historical
culture/story, measures, temperature, constellations
ƒƒ Cutting from template, cutting out centers, creative cutting,
poking, fringe cutting, cutting strips, layered cutting
ƒƒ Tracing, drawing, drawing step-by-step, geometric shapes, outlin-
ing, overlay, directional coloring, stippling, shading, folding, detail-
ing, animated expressions, coloring skin, coloring from observing
photo, texturizing, hatching, cross-hatching, ruler rubbing, print-
ing/stamping, blotting, dabbing/sponging, fork rocking, dragging,
pressing, drawing using symmetry
ƒƒ Mosaic, landscape, collage, embossing, weaving, lacing, salt paint-
ing, glue color channel, architecture: bridge types, snowscape,
monoprint, agamograph, monogram, creating musical instrument,
ink transfer, master copy
hh using loose grip, swab rubbing, using side of chalk to shade, side
and pressure strokes, lengthwise stroke
hh curved, swirled, looped, broken (dashed, dotted) lines, drooping
lines
ƒƒ Color wheel; primary, secondary, intermediate colors; color mixing
visually
ƒƒ Primary, secondary, intermediate color mixing, color coding
hh Color family, tints, shades
ƒƒ Complementary colors, analogous colors, neutral colors, mono-
chromatic colors, warm and cool colors
ƒƒ Color scheme: fall, Christmas, patriotic, sunset, masculine
hh Varying pressure for light/dark colors
hh Overlay, blending, swab blending, swab rubbing, blending: skin,
hair, eyes, lips
hh Observing color moods: exciting, peaceful, playful, serious;
observing colors in nature
hh Moods: joyful, happy, sad, peaceful, fearful–color symbolism
ƒƒ 3D Forms
ƒƒ Movable parts, turning parts, paper sculpture, 3D crafting, struc-
tures, kirigami, template
ƒƒ Using geometric shapes to create objects, 5-sided box shaping,
6-sided box shaping, cone shaping, cylinder shaping, layering
ƒƒ Paper curling, paper rounding, chenille stem curling, twisting,
tissue paper twisting, scoring
hh Accordion fold, Z fold
hh Pop up art, boardgame and pieces
hh Raised surface, symmetry

Arts & Crafts cont. p. 49

48

Arts & Crafts cont.
ƒƒ Design
hh Template, using template for alignment, designing buildings, build-
ing with pattern; decorating with pattern, designing with geomet-
ric shapes, using geometric shapes to create animals; landscape
ƒƒ Observing pattern, details pattern/design/movement/balance/
colors in nature, creating patterns, decorating, observing cake
texture
ƒƒ Horizon; orientation: horizontal, vertical, diagonal; symmetry,
double symmetry
hh Texture: wispy lines for fur, zig-zag lines for grass, curved/wiggly
lines for bark and wood, cross-hatching for acorn cap; texture
observation of variety: yarn, paper, button, organic, soft and fuzzy,
woodgrain; crumpling for wrinkled texture, pulled cotton for wool,
dabbing/sponging for spots
hh Composition, subject; spatial relationships, foreground, back-
ground; overlap; focal point, using odd-numbered items, varying
sizes, balance, proportions, rule of thirds
hh Creating icons; using stylus, using a key; alignment, creating a
monogram
hh Line direction: diagonal, horizontal; swirled lines, observing line
moods: exciting, peaceful, playful, serious, using varied line types,
using line to create exciting, joyful, happy, sad, peaceful, fear-
ful moods, jagged lines for rock, wavy lines for wavy hair, short,
curved lines/wiggly lines for curly hair, circular lines for fleece
ƒƒ Value/Contrast
ƒƒ Value; value: making tint with white, varying pressure for light/
dark, silhouette
hh Shading, shades, highlight, core shadow, cast shadow, contrast,
contrast in size/value/color
ƒƒ Appreciation and Creative Expression:
ƒƒ Creating familiar items from memory; creating from experience,
imagination: detailing, self-observation detailing, practicing and
experimenting; collaborating a display, creating an exhibit, giving
projects as gifts, practice & create animated expressions, self-
critique, brainstorm, creative design, creatively solving problems
hh Making choices/making choices from experience
ƒƒ Appreciation: God’s design (leaves), (constellations), (human
anatomy), (Northern Lights), (bridges and architecture); fine art:
historical & cultural (Brian Jekel’s Thanksgiving Feast); textures,
mosaic tiles, quilt block; creative expression; sculpture (Iwo Jima
Memorial)
ƒƒ Skills Development
ƒƒ Cutting, gluing, coloring, folding
ƒƒ Directed drawings, painting, paper modeling
ƒƒ 3D crafting and folding, incorporating moving parts
ƒƒ Concept Development
ƒƒ 3D Papercrafting:
ƒƒ Bag shaping, kirigami, paper curling, paper sculpture, fringe,
accordion fold, 5-sided box shaping
ƒƒ Art Types:
ƒƒ Embossing, wearing, mosaic, ink transfer, pop-up art, archi-
tecture, salt painting, glue color channel, pinprick, monoprint,
agamograph, collage
ƒƒ Color Theory:
ƒƒ Color wheel, primary, secondary, complementary, analogous,
fall colors
hh Intermediate, neutral, monochromatic, Christmas, warm/cool,
patriotic, sunset, masculine colors
hh Color family and tints, color schemes
hh Mood—exciting, peaceful, playful, serious, joyful, happy, sad,
fearful
GRADE 2
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ƒƒ Color Mixing/Blending
ƒƒ Design:
ƒƒ Collaborating a display, pattern, design, alignment, monogram
ƒƒ Drawing
ƒƒ Symmetry, double symmetry, using a stylus, illustration, ani-
mated expressions, icons, tracing, step-by-step drawing
ƒƒ Chalking:
hh Swab rubbing, swab blending, chalk blending
ƒƒ Geometric Shapes:
ƒƒ Using geometric shapes to form objects, drawing from geomet-
ric shapes, forming paper into geometric shapes, using geomet-
ric shapes to form animals, forming paper into cylinder
ƒƒ Composition:
ƒƒ Horizon, horizontal and vertical orientation, spatial relationship,
foreground, background, overlap, subject, diagonal, landscape,
snowscape, using odd-numbered items, focal point, proportions,
balance, balance from nature, rule of thirds
ƒƒ Self-Expression:
hh Creating familiar items from memory, detailing, drawing from
experience, using imagination
ƒƒ Value/Contrast:
ƒƒ Varying pressure for light/dark, contrast, value, shading, silhou-
ette
ƒƒ Miscellaneous
hh Brainstorm, critique, experiment, fractions, color coding, key,
displaying and exhibit
ƒƒ Increase listening skills through following step-by-step instructions
to complete more difficult projects
ƒƒ Projects include these themes:
ƒƒ Animal, seasonal, holiday, scriptural, historical, cultural, subject
matter correlation, songs
ƒƒ Technique Development
ƒƒ Coloring
ƒƒ Overlay, varying pressure for light/dark values, directional color-
ing, outlining, shading, highlight, core and cast shadow, stippling,
coloring from observing a photograph
ƒƒ Chalking:
hh Swab rubbing, swab blending, shading with side of chalk stick,
side stroke, pressure side stroke, chalk rubbing, chalk blending
ƒƒ Cutting:
ƒƒ Cutting fringe, layered cutting
ƒƒ Drawing:
ƒƒ Wispy lines for fur texture, zig-zag lines for grass texture, curved,
wiggly lines for bark texture, cross-hatching for acorn cap,
diagonal lines, swirled lines, looping lines, broken lines, jagged
lines, drooping lines
ƒƒ Modeling:
ƒƒ Using a template, paper modeling, chenile stem curling, twisting,
accordion fold, modeling
ƒƒ Painting:
hh Painting with analogous colors, using glow-in-the-dark paint, salt
painting, swirl lines, loose grip, creative design, stamping
ƒƒ Texture:
ƒƒ Wispy lines for fur texture, zig-zap lines for grass texture, curved,
wiggly lines for bark texture, visual woodgrain texture, cross-
hatching for acorn cap, crumpling paper for wrinkled texture,
soft texture, hair texture, shaping with cotton
49
GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Language Arts: Reading
3c
Students will develop an enjoyment for reading and advance in comprehension of literary concepts through a variety of
literature including children’s classics, biographies, realistic fiction, fantasy, poetry, Scripture, and much more. Students will
read four novels (modern day Christian fiction, historical fiction, historical Christian fiction, adventure fiction, Christian clas-
sic allegory) and deepen their comprehension of the written word through character analysis, setting and plot recognition,
cause/effect and problem/solution charting, summarization and creative writing, and other enrichment activities.

Literary Value Materials

ƒƒ 105 authors, including well-known writers
3b

“Pooh Goes Visiting and Gets Into a ƒƒ Readers (7) containing stories (88),
such as Robert Louis Stevenson, Patricia Tight Place,” “Eeyore Loses a Tail and poems (52), plays (2), recipe (1),
MacLachlan, Lewis Carroll, Laura Ingalls Pooh Finds One,” “Please look after craft (1)
Wilder, A. A. Milne, Margery Williams, Ralph this Bear” from A Bear Called Pad- ƒƒ Novels (modern day Christian
Waldo Emerson, Michael Bond, Christina dington, Black Beauty, excerpt from fiction, historical fiction, historical
Rossetti, Anna Sewell, Richard and Florence Mr. Poppers Penguins, excerpt from Christian fiction, adventure fiction,
Atwater, Beverly Cleary, Rudyard Kipling, Ralph S. Mouse, “Rikki-Tikki-Tavi,” from Christian classic allegory)
Hugh Lofting, Robert McCloskey, Gertrude
2e Second Edition

The Jungle Book, “Doctor Dolittle,” ƒƒ Reading Comprehension 3 skill

Chandler Warner, Donald J. Sobol, C.W. Swiss Family Robinson, Pilgrim’s Prog- sheets
The Swiss Family Robinson

Anderson, E.B. White, Isaac Watts ress: Christian’s Journey ƒƒ Bible for Scripture reading
ƒƒ Selections and adaptations from children’s ƒƒ Character-building themes such as
literature such as “My Bed is a Boat,” “Our gratitude, kindness, helpfulness, hon- Evaluation
Dune” from Sarah Plain and Tall, The Vel- esty, and diligence ƒƒ Weekly oral reading grade
veteen Rabbit, “Alice and The Tea Party,”
ƒƒ Book Review (1); Book Reports (2)
“County Fair,” “When Ma Slapped a Bear,”

Reading Skills Development hh Comparing selections with similar themes

ƒƒ Read and decode (sound out) words by applying phonics sounds hh Recognizing similes

and rules hh Comparing points of view

ƒƒ Strive for increasing: accuracy, enunciation, fluency, phrasing, alert- hh Distinguishing own point of view from that of the author of the text
ness to punctuation, expression, comprehension, appropriate speed, hh Analyzing, making inferences, and drawing conclusions about per-
volume, poise suasive text
ƒƒ Ability to follow along and comprehend as others read orally hh Providing evidence from text to support analysis
ƒƒ Ability to read silently with comprehension hh Recognizing dialogue within the text
ƒƒ Vocabulary development through words and definitions hh Discerning author’s purpose
ƒƒ Development of understanding of literary types, terms, and concepts hh Differentiating words with similar meanings

Literary Concept Development Readers

ƒƒ Identify the story’s title, author, main idea, main character, moral, ƒƒ From Shore to Shore—17 stories, 6 poems, in a variety of styles and liter-
author’s intent, setting, plot ary types with a nautical theme including well-known classic and Scrip-
ƒƒ Describe the main character’s appearance, feelings, actions based ture selections; “Words to Watch For” including advanced words and
on textual inference definitions for vocabulary enrichment; “Dig Deeper” highlighting literary
ƒƒ Describe setting (where and when the plot takes place) by identifying terms—title, author, main character including character comparison,
descriptive words graphic organizers, compare/contrast similar stories written by different
authors, introducing literary term—summary; “Dig Deeper” review activi-
ƒƒ Explain how characters relate to events of the story
ties including summarizing, character analysis, creative drawing; “Think
ƒƒ Understand cause/effect, problem/solution as they relate to the
about It!” and “What Do YOU Think?”—factual, inferential, and interpretive
characters in the story
comprehension/discussion questions; “What Can You Do?” includ-
ƒƒ Discern the meaning of a story ing creative ideas for helping others; author and historical background
ƒƒ Compare the same story by two different authors information prompts, as well as literary types prompts for explanation of
ƒƒ Predict the story’s outcome terms; story and Christian character themes; silent reading selections;
ƒƒ Compare predictions to actual outcome interesting informational facts; additional enrichment activities including
ƒƒ Distinguishing fantasy from reality visual aids, choral reading, creative drawing, creative writing
ƒƒ Identifying statements of fact/opinion ƒƒ My New Song—a 13-chapter modern-day Christian fiction novel;
continues with the well-loved character Ella from the second grade
hh Comparing and identifying literary types—fiction, nonfiction,
novel My New Name emphasizing the joy found in new life in Christ;
biography, autobiography
reviews literary terms—title, author, main character, summary; focusing
hh Summarizing main idea/events of a story
on summarization/creative writing skills in preparation for book review;
hh Comparing different stories by same author journaling from the main characters point of view; includes character
hh Journaling from main character’s point of view sketch, Bible application; story and Christian character themes; factual,
hh Understanding acts/scenes within a play inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; addi-
hh Identifying stanzas within a play tional enrichment activities including play acting, singing
hh Discerning/writing figurative language ƒƒ Through the Seasons—14 stories, 15 poems, 1 craft, containing a
hh Understanding symbolism
variety of selections and literary types with seasonal themes includ-
ing well-known classic and Scripture selections; highlighting famous
hh Recognizing climax within a plot
authors Laura Ingalls Wilder and A. A. Milne; “Words to Watch For”
hh Comparing biography/autobiography
including advanced words and definitions for vocabulary enrichment;
hh Determining text structure “Dig Deeper” highlighting literary term—setting, including activity for
Reading cont. p. 51
50

Reading cont.
setting analysis; reviewing literary concepts title, author, main charac-
ter, summary; character comparison, graphic organizers, comparing
settings of stories written by the same author, introducing term—simile
including activities for recognition; Bible application; story and Christian
character themes; “Think about It!” and “What Do YOU Think?”—factual,
inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; “What
Can You Do?” including creative ideas for helping others; author and
historical background information; silent reading selections; interesting
informational facts; additional enrichment activities including sensory
demonstration, audio demonstration, sequencing, visual aids, choral
reading, creative drawing, creative writing, photo/illustration observation,
comparison, and analysis
ƒƒ Among the Animals—12 stories, 8 poems, 1 play containing animal
themes including animal tales, fictional stories, as well as well-known
classic selections; “Words to Watch For” including advanced words and
definitions for vocabulary enrichment; “Dig Deeper” highlighting liter-
ary term—plot, including activities for sequencing and recognizing plot
changes; reviewing literary concepts title, author, main character, sum-
mary; setting, simile; graphic organizers for summarizing and analyz-
ing main character, creative writing and creative drawing; introducing
literary term—act, scene, stanza including practice in recognizing scene
changes, and assessing comprehension of stanzas; Bible application;
story and Christian character themes; “Think about It!” and “What Do YOU
Think?”—factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion
questions; “What Can You Do?” including creative ideas for helping others;
author and historical background information; silent reading selections;
interesting informational facts; additional enrichment activities including
audio/video demonstration, sequencing, visual aids, creative drawing,
creative writing, photo/illustration observation, comparison, and analysis
ƒƒ Pilgrim Boy—a 16-chapter historical fiction novel following a Separat-
ist boy and his family as they travel to the New World onboard the
Mayflower; includes advanced vocabulary words and definitions for
vocabulary enrichment; reviews literary terms—title, author, main char-
acter, summary, setting, and plot; review activities for character descrip-
tion and chapter summarization skills in preparation for book report; Bible
application; story and Christian character themes; factual, inferential,
and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; additional
enrichment activities including sequencing, recipe, graphic organizers
for actions/results, problem/solution, illustration observations including
photos of modern-day Leiden, Holland, a reproduction of the Mayflower,
and a recreation of Plymouth, compare/contrast two similar plots
ƒƒ Treats and Treasures—12 stories, 7 poems, 1 invitation, and 1 recipe con-
taining a variety of selections and literary types with the theme of value,
including well-known classic and Scripture selections; “Words to Watch
For” including advanced words and definitions for vocabulary enrich-
ment; “Dig Deeper” highlighting literary term—moral, including activities
for determining authors intent, problem/solution, cause/effect; reviewing
literary concepts title, author, main character, summary; setting, simile,
plot, act, scene, stanza; graphic organizers for summarizing and analyz-
ing main character, creative writing and creative drawing; introduc-
ing term symbolism—including activities for understanding figurative
language; Bible application; story and Christian character themes; “Think
about It!” and “What Do YOU Think?”—factual, inferential, and interpretive
comprehension/discussion questions; “What Can You Do?” including cre-
ative ideas for helping others; author and historical background informa-
tion; silent reading selections; interesting informational facts; additional
enrichment activities include sequencing, visual aids, creative drawing,
creative writing, photo/illustration observation, comparison, and analysis
ƒƒ Heroes and Helpers—containing 19 stories, 7 poems, in a variety of styles
and literary types themed after those who rescue or help including
well-known classic and Scripture selections; “Words to Watch For”
including advanced words and definitions for vocabulary enrichment;
“Dig Deeper” reviewing literary terms—title, author, main character,
summary, setting, simile, plot, act, scene, stanza, symbolism including
character comparison, graphic organizers introducing terms—climax,
biography/autobiography including practice in recognition and compari-
son, compare/contrast similar stories written by different authors; “Dig
GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Deeper” review activities including creative writing; “Think about It!” and
“What Do YOU Think?”—factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehen-
sion/discussion questions; “What Can You Do?” including creative ideas
for helping others; author/historical background information and literary
types including prompts for explanation of terms; silent reading selec-
tions; interesting informational facts; additional enrichment activities
including sequencing
ƒƒ Secret in the Maple Tree—a 19-chapter Christian fiction novel based
on an immigrant family growing up in Minnesota; includes advanced
vocabulary words and definitions for vocabulary enrichment; reviews
literary terms—title, author, main character, summary, setting, plot, and
moral; review activities for character description and chapter summa-
rization skills in preparation for book report; Bible application; story and
Christian character themes; chapter reviews including factual, inferen-
tial, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; additional
enrichment activities including, graphic organizers for cause effect,
character analysis
ƒƒ On the Bright Side—12 stories, 7 poems, 1 play, 1 recipe, and 3 songs
including well-known classic and Scripture selections containing a variety
of literary types with a theme of optimism; 2 “Light the Way” Scripture
features; “Words to Watch For” including advanced words and definitions
for vocabulary enrichment; “Dig Deeper” highlighting literary terms—fic-
tion/nonfiction, including activities for creative writing fictional and non-
fictional stories; reviewing literary concepts—title, author, main character,
summary, setting, simile, plot, act, scene, stanza, climax, biography/auto-
biography, symbolism; “Dig Deeper” review activities including summariz-
ing the plot in sequence, graphic organizers for character description,
cause/effect, symbolism, creative writing, and creative drawing; Bible
application; story and Christian character themes; “Think about It!” and
“What Do YOU Think?”—factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehen-
sion/discussion questions; “What Can You Do?” including creative ideas for
helping others; author/historical background information; silent reading
selections; interesting informational facts; additional enrichment activities
ƒƒ Swiss Family Robinson—an 11-chapter adaptation of a classic story;
includes character sketch, advanced vocabulary words and defini-
tions for vocabulary enrichment; Bible application; story and Christian
character themes; chapter reviews including factual, inferential, and
interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; additional enrichment
activities creative writing, problem/solution, point of view, sequencing,
fact/opinion, fun facts, visual demonstration
ƒƒ Pilgrim’s Progress: Christian’s Journey—a 20-chapter adaptation of
part one of the timeless classic; contains an introduction to the life of
John Bunyan; includes advanced vocabulary words and definitions for
vocabulary enrichment; Bible application; reviews symbolism practic-
ing understanding figurative language and author’s intent; a map of
Pilgrim’s journey as well as other conceptual illustrations to help students
understand the meaning of this allegory.
ƒƒ Reading Comprehension 3—collection of advertisements, science
articles, short stories, recipes, instructional pages for thinking and problem
solving; including Index of Literary Application of concepts: author’s
purpose, application, cause/effect, character description, compare/con-
trast, context, details, dialogue, fact versus opinion, fantasy versus reality,
figurative language, inference, main character, main idea, moral, organi-
zation, prediction, point of view, problem/solution, rhyme, sequence, set-
ting, text structure, visualization; activities including charting comparisons,
character webs, puzzles, diagrams, coloring sheets; factual, inferential,
and interpretive comprehension questions; fiction vs. nonfiction; compar-
ing selections with similar themes
Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis
Skills Development
ƒƒ Answer factual and interpretive for most stories and poems
ƒƒ Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for most
stories and poems
ƒƒ Summarize selected readings
ƒƒ Apply understanding of literary types, terms, and concepts
51
GRADE 3

Language Arts: Language

The work-text Language 3 provides a variety of practice exercises for students as Added Enrichment
they continue their study of English, building on the foundational language con- ƒƒ Review games
cepts learned in second grade. Third graders will expand their understanding and
n

ƒƒ Four themes (nocturnal creatures,

tio

i
Ed
th
Fif

knowledge of English as they apply the following concepts: recognizing, writing, U.S. travel, zoos of world, space)
and correctly punctuating four kinds of sentences; identifying and correctly using
ƒƒ Glossary section of language
nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, and conjunctions; identifying subject
terms to practice research skills
and predicate of sentences, including compound subjects and verbs; subject-verb
ƒƒ Applying concepts such as time-
Parts of Speech
Word Usage

agreement including simple and compound subjects and verbs, contractions, and
Sentence Structure
Research Skills
Composition

order words, cause and effect,

irregular verbs; using and identifying compound words, rhyming words, antonyms,
fact and opinion to enhance writ-
synonyms, homonyms, contractions, and singular possessive words; and forming ing skills
plural nouns and singular verbs by applying spelling rules.
ƒƒ Continual spiral review and
Correlating with both Writing with Purpose 3 and the Reading 3 program, Lan- application of previously taught
guage 3 provides instruction and application of writing, including the follow- material
ing: writing topic and concluding sentences, using graphic organizers to record
researched data; paragraph development; summarizing a variety of literary
Evaluation
genres; writing book reports; and using proofreader’s marks to edit writing. ƒƒ Bi-weekly quizzes (16)
ƒƒ Bi-weekly tests (17)
ƒƒ All quizzes and tests are included
in Language 3 Quizzes and Tests
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar hh Subject-verb agreement

ƒƒ Capitalization ƒƒ Contractions
ƒƒ First word in every sentence hh Subject-verb agreement within contractions

ƒƒ Proper nouns ƒƒ Parts of Speech

ƒƒ Particular people ƒƒ Nouns
ƒƒ Particular places and things ƒƒ Singular/Plural
ƒƒ Days of the week and months of the year ƒƒ Plural spelling rules
hh Seasons should not be capitalized
ƒƒ Irregular plural nouns
ƒƒ Holidays and special days ƒƒ Common/Proper
ƒƒ Names referring to God and the Bible ƒƒ Compound
ƒƒ Titles of respect ƒƒ Possessive
ƒƒ The word I ƒƒ Diagram subjects
hh Initials
ƒƒ Verbs
hh First word and every important word in titles of books, songs, poems
ƒƒ Past, present, future tense
ƒƒ Punctuation ƒƒ Action/non-action
hh Helping
ƒƒ Periods
hh Irregular verbs
ƒƒ At end of declarative/imperative sentences
ƒƒ Word usage
hh After initials
ƒƒ may/can, teach/learn, sit/sat/set
ƒƒ After abbreviations
ƒƒ Question marks at end of interrogative sentences ƒƒ lie/lay
ƒƒ Exclamation points at end of exclamatory sentences ƒƒ Singular/Plural
hh Quotation marks before and after a direct quotation
ƒƒ Plural spelling rules
hh Commas
ƒƒ Diagram
hh Pronouns
hh After yes or no at beginning of sentence
hh Define and identify
hh After names of people you are speaking to (direct address)
hh Identify noun(s) pronouns stands for (antecedents)
hh Separate town or city from state
ƒƒ Separate words or groups of words in a series ƒƒ Adjectives
hh Separate parts of a date
ƒƒ Answer What kind and How many
hh Answer Which one and Whose
hh After the greeting and closing of a friendly letter
hh Diagram
ƒƒ Apostrophes
ƒƒ In contractions ƒƒ Adverbs
ƒƒ With s to make a singular possessive ƒƒ Answer How
hh Answer When and How often
ƒƒ Sentences
hh Diagram
ƒƒ Recognize
hh Conjunctions
ƒƒ Complete sentences
hh Define and identify
ƒƒ Kinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory,
imperative hh and, or, but

hh Run-on sentences hh Diagram in compound subjects/verbs

ƒƒ Complete subject and predicate ƒƒ Word study and diction:

ƒƒ Simple subject and verb Language cont. p. 53

52
 GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Language cont.
Grammar cont. ƒƒ Correcting choppy style by combining short sentences
ƒƒ Contractions (34) ƒƒ Using proofreader’s marks to correct errors in capitalization, punc-
ƒƒ Correct usage: There/Their/They’re, Your/You’re, Its/It’s tuation, spelling, extra words
ƒƒ Homonyms ƒƒ Writing
ƒƒ Antonyms ƒƒ Using graphic organizers to identify/organize main points
ƒƒ Dictionary skills ƒƒ In given paragraph/story/article
ƒƒ Alphabetical order ƒƒ In researched/original topic to write paragraph
ƒƒ Guide words, pronunciation, meaning, spelling, part of speech ƒƒ Comparison/Contrast
hh Book reports (3)
ƒƒ Glossary skills
hh Facts and opinions
ƒƒ Thesaurus skills
hh Topic/Concluding sentences
ƒƒ Synonyms
hh Cause and effect
Composition hh Time-order words
ƒƒ Writing sentences using an assigned word or topic hh Parts of a friendly letter, including addressing envelope
ƒƒ Completing a sentence hh Summarizing
ƒƒ Answering an interrogative sentence with a declarative sentence hh Non-fiction, informational writing
hh Correcting run-on sentences hh Poems
hh Compound sentences hh Fictional writing

Language Arts: Penmanship/Creative Writing

Penmanship Writing with Purpose 3 contains a variety of interesting exercises designed to give third graders continued
instruction and practice in developing their penmanship skills. Emphasis is placed on neatness and correct letter forma-
tion of daily practice. The many activities in the book allow students to improve writing skills as well as expanding practical
application. Activities include the following: birthday invitations, grocery list, weekly planner, and dinner menu.
Creative Writing. Beginning in lesson 86, writing class will focus primarily on creative writing skills with penmanship
review. Creative Writing skills will be taught in a sequence that will prepare students to write their own stories.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

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abeka.com 00000001

ƒƒ Decorative writing collection ƒƒ Tests (33)

ƒƒ Additional writing exercises included in
Health, History, Reading, and Science

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development ƒƒ Use proper punctuation and capitalization

ƒƒ Handwriting ƒƒ proper paragraph form
ƒƒ Achieve good writing position: ƒƒ choose titles
ƒƒ Sitting properly in desk ƒƒ organize thoughts into graphic organizers
ƒƒ Holding pencil correctly ƒƒ develop stories using suggested topics
ƒƒ Slanting paper correctly ƒƒ write a process summary, topic/concluding sentences
ƒƒ Reviewing correct formation of all lower and uppercase letters ƒƒ write a persuasive letter
and numbers 1-10 ƒƒ write original poetry
ƒƒ Perfect writing skills for a good overall appearance: hh writing an original play

ƒƒ Forming difficult letters correctly ƒƒ character development

ƒƒ Placing letters correctly on lines ƒƒ creative writing collection
ƒƒ Using proper spacing between letters and words hh summary exercises

ƒƒ Slanting letters properly hh guided research reports

ƒƒ Writing slowly and carefully hh picture writing prompts

ƒƒ Making smooth connections between letters, difficult letters, hh story starters

blends hh Compositions include these topics:
ƒƒ Using key strokes: wave, loop, oval, mountain ƒƒ Imaginative pieces
hh Writing letters ¾ space high, using single space ƒƒ Historical reports
ƒƒ Keeping size consistent while making a connection without the ƒƒ “how to” step-by-step process
help of a dotted line hh Play: setting, narration, and dialogue
ƒƒ Writing without use of dotted lines ƒƒ poetry
hh Observing margins hh science reports correlating with Science project My Animal
hh Demonstrate ability to copy from print to cursive Notebook
ƒƒ Creative Writing hh Literary emphasis lessons correlating with Swiss Family Robinson
ƒƒ Reviewing and enhancing the writing process: read and gather, hh Total of 29 compositions with 8 additional supplementary projects
think and plan, write and rewrite, check and polish, share your
results

53
GRADE 3

Language Arts: Spelling & Poetry

Third graders will develop their spelling and vocabulary skills as they study the words found in Spelling and Poetry 3.
Each list contains words from everyday life and “content words” from other academic areas. Lists are organized accord-
Six
th
Ed
itio
ing to spelling rules and patterns to help students recall and apply their learning. Vocabulary words and definitions are
included with each list along with vocabulary activity. Students will also build spelling and vocabulary skills by completing
n

observe
a variety of practice exercises.
The poetry section acquaints students with a wide variety of good poetry through classroom recitation and memoriza-
bridge
tion. By discussing the meaning and purpose of each poem, students will develop their comprehension skills. Poems for
memorization have been selected for their beauty of language, literary greatness, and character-building qualities.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Spelling lists (34):
ƒƒ Spelling words (562)
ƒƒ Vocabulary words and definitions (118)
ƒƒ Practice exercises (171)
ƒƒ Spelling games
ƒƒ Character-building quotations
ƒƒ Organized by spelling patterns
ƒƒ Build on previous concepts
ƒƒ Reinforce new concepts
ƒƒ Teacher resources:
ƒƒ Spelling Focus
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ƒƒ Sentence banks ƒƒ Spelling tests (33)
ƒƒ Practical spelling tips and suggestions
ƒƒ Multi-sensory enrichment ideas
ƒƒ Poetry:
ƒƒ Poem introductions include:
ƒƒ Discussion and application ideas, historical
content
ƒƒ Suggested motions, enrichment activities
ƒƒ Comprehension Questions

Spelling Skills Development hh Use ck after a short vowel sound; use k after a vowel combination

hh Master spelling lists including:

or a consonant.
hh Use ch after a consonant or 2-vowel combination. Use tch after a
ƒƒ Words arranged according to patterns
one-letter vowel.
ƒƒ Commonly misspelled words
hh Change full to the suffix -ful when adding to a root word.
ƒƒ Compound words
hh Double the final consonant before adding the suffixes -ed, -er, -est, -ing.
ƒƒ Capitalized words
hh An apostrophe must go where there once was an o.
ƒƒ Contractions
hh Place the apostrophe where the missing letters used to be.
ƒƒ Double consonants
hh I before e except after c, or when sounded like ā as in neighbor and
ƒƒ Plurals
weigh.
ƒƒ Prefixes
hh When making a word that ends in s, sh, ch, x, or z plural, add es.
ƒƒ Suffixes
ƒƒ Vocabulary words and definitions Worksheet Activities
hh Four review lists ƒƒ Identifying words that rhyme
ƒƒ Use vocabulary words in proper context ƒƒ Using spelling words to complete sentences
hh Memorize vocabulary definitions ƒƒ Working with compound words
ƒƒ Applying spelling and vocabulary words correctly to complete ƒƒ Matching contractions with their words
sentences ƒƒ Creating original sentences
ƒƒ Creating original sentences with spelling words ƒƒ Solving puzzles with spelling words
ƒƒ Applying spelling pattern concepts through daily: ƒƒ Defining vocabulary words
ƒƒ Teacher-directed oral practice
ƒƒ Alphabetizing words to the second and third letter
ƒƒ Independent written practice
ƒƒ Recognizing misspelled words
ƒƒ Exercises that reinforce spelling skills
ƒƒ Working with root words, prefixes and suffixes
ƒƒ Hearing spelling and vocabulary words in example sentence, in order to:
ƒƒ Identifying homonyms, synonyms, antonyms
ƒƒ Clearly picture each word’s meaning; differentiate between
ƒƒ Using words in biblical context
sound-alike words
hh Use words correctly when speaking and writing Poetry Skills Development
hh Learn spelling rules : hh Memorize 8 lyrical poems
hh Use ai in the middle of a word, ay at the end. ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry
hh Use oi in the middle of a word, oy at the end. ƒƒ Perform in front of an audience
hh English words do not end in i; add silent e. ƒƒ Recite in unison
hh English words do not end in v; add silent e. ƒƒ Develop appropriate expression and volume
hh To form the plural of a word ending in f or fe, change the f or fe to ves. ƒƒ Learn definitions and use unfamiliar words
hh English words do not end in j. Write ge or dge for the j sound at the
ƒƒ Learn terms such as setting and illustrator
end of a word.
ƒƒ Improve comprehension through discussion, application, thinking
hh The letter q is followed by u.
questions
hh To make a word plural, which ends in a vowel followed by a y, add
hh Discuss meaning and purpose of poems
s; if the word ends in a consonant followed by a y, change the y to i
hh Proper observation of punctuation
and add es.

54
 GRADE 3

Arithmetic Building on the solid foundation of Arith-

metic 1 and 2, students are well prepared
Added Enrichment
ƒƒ “Brain Booster” Higher level thinking activities
for the new material in Arithmetic 3. Exten- ƒƒ Thematic units: nocturnal creatures, U.S. travel, zoos of the world, space
sive work is provided in multiplication, long
ƒƒ Review games
division, and multi-step story problems.
Work-text Sixth Edition

Students will tackle fractions, equations,
measurement conversions, graphs, and
simple geometry. Practical problems
on the daily work pages reinforce new
concepts, and ample review problems
promote student success. Supplementary
problems are designed to meet individual
needs.
ƒƒ Teaching tips
ƒƒ Enrichment activities
Evaluation
ƒƒ Skills development exercises in each lesson (136)
ƒƒ Biweekly tests (16)
ƒƒ Biweekly quizzes (16)
ƒƒ Oral evaluations (12)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers hh Carrying to any place value

ƒƒ Place value: 1–100,000; money hh Checking by addition

hh Place value: to 100,000,000 ƒƒ Addends: column addition

ƒƒ Writing numbers: hh Averaging

ƒƒ From dictation to 100,000s place hh Fractions

ƒƒ From number words hh Measures

ƒƒ Roman numerals: ƒƒ Number sentences:

ƒƒ Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M ƒƒ With unknowns
ƒƒ Reading and building numerals 1–30 ƒƒ With greater /less than
ƒƒ Basic rules: hh Order of operations (parentheses)

hh More complex rules for forming Roman numerals

Subtraction
hh V may not be repeated or subtracted
ƒƒ Subtraction families 1–18: mixed order
hh I cannot be placed in front of L, C, D, M
ƒƒ Timed mastery
ƒƒ>, <, = ƒƒ Missing number
ƒƒ Number sentences: ƒƒ Missing sign
ƒƒ With unknowns hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, addition,
ƒƒ Greater/less than multiplication, and division up to 6 numbers
hh Order of operations (parentheses) ƒƒ Subtracting with any number of digits, money
hh Number sequences ƒƒ Word problems:
ƒƒ Clue words: how many (much) more, have left, less, fewer,
Addition how much change
ƒƒ Addition families 1–18: mixed order
ƒƒ Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference
ƒƒ Timed mastery
ƒƒ Borrowing:
ƒƒ Terms: addend, sum
ƒƒ From any whole number in any position
ƒƒ Missing number
ƒƒ With any number of zeros in the minuend
ƒƒ Missing sign
ƒƒ Checking by addition
ƒƒ Word problems:
hh Fractions
ƒƒ Clue words: in all, altogether, how many (much) more (in a
hh Measures
statement)
ƒƒ Number sentences:
ƒƒ Problem set up
ƒƒ With unknowns
ƒƒ Money:
ƒƒ With greater/less than
ƒƒ Adding:
hh Order of operations (parentheses)
ƒƒ Dimes and pennies
hh Properties–inverse operation
ƒƒ Nickels and pennies
ƒƒ Dimes, nickels, pennies Multiplication
ƒƒ Any combination of half dollars, quarters, dimes, nickels, ƒƒ Multiplication tables:
and/or pennies by converting to cents ƒƒ 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 10
ƒƒ $1, $5, $10, $20 bills hh 4, 6–9, 11–12
ƒƒ Properties hh Word problems:
ƒƒ Commutative hh Clue words: twice, times as many, per
hh Associative
ƒƒ Properties
hh Inverse operation
ƒƒ Commutative
hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction,
hh Associative
multiplication, and division up to 6 numbers
Arithmetic cont. p. 56

55
GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
ƒƒ Timed mastery ƒƒ Finding the fractional part of a whole number:
ƒƒ Terms: factor, product, partial product hh With a mixed number as the answer

hh Missing number hh Word problems

hh Missing sign hh Timed mastery

hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication, division, ƒƒ Reading and writing fractions
addition, and subtraction up to 5 numbers hh Types: equivalent, mixed, for a whole number, for zero
hh Multiplying: hh Reducing to lowest terms
hh With any number of digits in first factor hh Adding:
hh With up to 2 digits in second factor hh With a common denominator
hh Relating multiplication facts to the corresponding addition and hh Mixed numbers with a common denominator
division facts hh Subtracting:
hh Properties
hh With a common denominator
hh Commutative
hh Mixed numbers with a common denominator
hh Associative
ƒƒ Comparing fractions
hh Inverse property

hh Identity property Decimals

hh Carrying: ƒƒ Money:
hh To the tens, hundreds, and thousands places ƒƒ Use of dollar sign and decimal point in addition
hh In problems with 2-digit multiplier hh Use of dollar sign and decimal point in ­subtraction, multiplication,

hh Checking by reversing factors

division
hh Number sentences: Problem Solving & Applications
hh With unknowns ƒƒ Word problems:
hh With greater/less than ƒƒ Steps of problem-solving process
hh Order of operations (parentheses) ƒƒ Addition, subtraction, multiplication
Division hh Division

ƒƒ Recognize symbols: ÷ and ƒƒ Fractions, money

hh Measures:
ƒƒ Division tables:
hh Dry measures of capacity
ƒƒ 2, 3, 5, 10
hh Feet and yards in a mile
hh 1, 4, 6–9, 11–12

hh Word problems:
ƒƒ Liter
hh Converting measures
hh Clue words: divided equally, shared equally, per
hh Measurement problems
hh Steps of division

ƒƒ Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient ƒƒ Clue words

hh Up to 4 steps
hh Short division

hh Missing number
ƒƒ Mixed operations
hh Mental arithmetic: prob­lems combining division, multiplication,
ƒƒ Applications:
subtraction, and addition up to 6 numbers ƒƒ Puzzles
hh Divisors: 1 and 2 digits hh Multiple combinations

hh Dividends: any number of digits, money ƒƒ Time, length, money, weight, fractions
hh Remainders: writing as a fraction ƒƒ Oral story problems
hh Checking by multiplication
Time
hh Money
ƒƒ Clock: face, hour/minute hands
hh Averaging
ƒƒ a.m. and p.m.
hh Number sentences:
ƒƒ Reading and writing time
hh With unknowns
ƒƒ Table of time:
hh With greater/less than
ƒƒ Seconds, minutes, hours
hh Order of operations (parentheses)
ƒƒ Days, months
hh Properties
ƒƒ Calendar, year
hh Inverse property
hh Leap year
hh Identity property
ƒƒ Determining elapsed time
Fractions Money
ƒƒ Parts of a whole: ƒƒ Recognition and value of all coins
ƒƒ Halves, thirds, fourths ƒƒ Counting and combining all coins
ƒƒ Fifths, sixths, sevenths, eighths, ninths, tenths ƒƒ Recognize symbols: $ (dollar sign) and . (decimal point)
hh Any fractional part
ƒƒ Word problems, making change
ƒƒ Parts of a group: any fractional part ƒƒ Addition
Arithmetic cont. p. 57

56
 GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
ƒƒ Subtraction, multiplication, division; equations hh Subtracting unlike measures within same system

hh Money equations
Graphing, Statistics, Probability
Measures ƒƒ Constructing and interpreting graphs
ƒƒ Temperature: ƒƒ Pictographs
ƒƒ Reading  and writing ƒƒ Bar graphs
ƒƒ Terms: degrees ƒƒ Line graphs
ƒƒ Fahrenheit: hh Statistics: averaging

ƒƒ Freezing and boiling points of water; normal body temperature

Geometry
ƒƒ Celsius:
ƒƒ Plane figures: circle, square, rectangle, trapezoid, hexagon
ƒƒ Freezing and boiling points of water
hh Plane figures: rhombus, kite, pentagon
hh Normal body temperature
ƒƒ Solid figures: sphere, cube, pyramid, cone, cylinder
ƒƒ Length:
hh Solid figures: rectangular prism
ƒƒ English system: inch, foot, yard
ƒƒ Terms: vertex, edge, face
hh Mile
hh Right angle
ƒƒ Metric system: centimeter, meter
hh Parallel lines
ƒƒ Weight:
hh Perpendicular lines
ƒƒ English system: ounce, pound
hh Quadrilaterals: Recognize and classify by their attributes
hh Ton
ƒƒ Perimeter: Find perimeter of any polygon by adding side
ƒƒ Metric system: gram, kilogram lengths
ƒƒ Capacity: hh Given the perimeter, find the side length of a square
ƒƒ English liquid measures: cup, pint, quart, gallon hh Area: Find the area of rectilinear figures by counting
hh English dry measures: pint, quart, peck, bushel square units
ƒƒ Metric system: liter hh Transformations: Slide, flip, turn
hh Ordering measures least to greatest

hh Converting from one measure to another within same system

Pre-Algebra
hh Finding the unknown number in an ­equation
hh Adding unlike measures within same system

History & Geography

3
Our American Heritage is a full-year biographical study of over fifty people who made an impact on American history
through their character, contributions, and courage. Students will be inspired as they learn about the lives and accomplish-
ments of these great Americans. This chronologically arranged introduction to American history makes it easier for students
Fifth
Edition

to remember important events and provides them with valuable, diverse heroes and role models.
People in U.S. History

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Important words, names, and places
boxes
ƒƒ Timeline for each chapter to clearly
show time period relating to the histori-
cal figure studied
ƒƒ Comprehension checks throughout
each chapter
ƒƒ Stop and Think presents ideas for
thoughtful discussion and application
ƒƒ Character traits of each historical
figure highlighted and discussed
ƒƒ Modern Marvels compares modern-
day life to earlier times of America
ƒƒ Added information boxes share interesting ƒƒ Quizzes (15)
facts relating to the historical figure being ƒƒ Tests (11)
studied
ƒƒ Enrichment Activities offer fun and variety in
enhancing learning and creativity through
games, creative writing, art, visual aids, etc.
ƒƒ Teaching maps and timeline of United
States history
ƒƒ Geography worksheets (31) with additional
activities to use as enrichment
ƒƒ Creative writing activities

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Study of Our American Heritage through the hh Myles Standish: Pilgrim leader, founding of Plymouth Colony

Biographies of Great People ƒƒ Squanto: an instrument of God, Pilgrims

hh William Penn: Quaker, founder of Pennsylvania
Founding of America hh David Brainerd: missionary to Native Americans
ƒƒ Christopher Columbus: discovery of America
ƒƒ Benjamin Franklin: writer, inventor, ambassador, Constitutional
hh John Smith: founding of Jamestown Convention
ƒƒ Pocahontas: helped save Jamestown ƒƒ Paul Revere: Sons of Liberty, warned colonists of British invasion
History & Geography cont. p. 58

57
GRADE 3

History & Geography cont.

Founding of America cont. ƒƒ Jim Thorpe/Jesse Owens: Olympic athletes
hh Patrick Henry: statesman who encouraged freedom from English ƒƒ Jim/Elisabeth Elliot: missionaries to Auca Indians
rule hh Dwight D. Eisenhower: general and 34th president

hh James Armistead: hero and spy during American War for Indepen-
dence
ƒƒ George Washington: general during the War for Independence, first
president, Mount Vernon
ƒƒ Thomas Jefferson: Declaration of Independence, third president,
Monticello, Jefferson Memorial
hh Benjamin Banneker: African-American inventor, surveyor of Wash-
ington, D.C.
hh John Adams: second president
hh Dolley Madison: first lady who saved portrait of George Washington
during War of 1812
Expanding of America
ƒƒ Daniel Boone: French and Indian War, pioneer, Wilderness Road
hh Peter Cartwright: circuit-riding preacher during expansion of
America
hh Lewis and Clark: explorers of the Louisiana Purchase
hh Sacagawea: guide and interpreter for Lewis and Clark expedition
hh Noah Webster: The Blue-Backed Speller, an American dictionary
hh John Greenleaf Whittier/Louisa May Alcott: well-loved American
authors during expansion of America
hh Davy Crockett/Sam Houston: pioneering soldiers and leaders,
Alamo
ƒƒ Harriet Tubman: Underground Railroad
ƒƒ Abraham Lincoln: 16th president, Civil War, ended slavery, assassi-
nated, Lincoln Memorial
hh Robert E. Lee/Ulysses S. Grant: generals during Civil War
hh Clara Barton: “Angel of the Battlefield,” American Red Cross Society
hh D. L. Moody: preacher, evangelist
Modernization of America
hh Emily Roebling: Brooklyn Bridge
ƒƒ Alexander Graham Bell: inventor, telephone
ƒƒ Thomas Edison: inventor, battery, light bulb
ƒƒ Booker T. Washington: teacher, founder of Tuskegee Institute
hh Theodore Roosevelt: soldier and 26th president
hh Billy Sunday: baseball player, evangelist
hh Laura Ingalls Wilder: author of stories about pioneer life in the Midwest
ƒƒ Orville/Wilbur Wright: inventors of airplane
ƒƒ George Washington Carver: inventor, director of agriculture at Tuske-
gee Institute
hh Amelia Earhart: pilot, first woman to fly across Atlantic Ocean
hh Martin Luther King, Jr.: segregation ends, Rosa Parks, “I Have a Dream”
speech
hh John Glenn/Neil Armstrong: pioneering astronauts
hh Ronald Reagan: governor and 40th president, “Tear Down this Wall”
hh Chappie James: pilot during World War II, Korean War, Vietnam War,
4-Star General
hh George W. Bush: president during 9/11, War on Terror, new technology
hh Barack Obama: first African-American president, Patient Protection
and Affordable Care Act, appointed first Hispanic Supreme Court
Justice
hh Donald J. Trump: current president, “Make America Great Again,” immi-
gration reform
Geography Study
ƒƒ Globe
ƒƒ Cardinal/secondary directions, compass rose
ƒƒ Map key, map grid, distance scale
ƒƒ Seven continents and five oceans
ƒƒ Hemispheres, poles, equator
ƒƒ Home state
ƒƒ Regions of the United States
ƒƒ 50 state locations
ƒƒ Capital city (Washington, D.C.)
ƒƒ Mississippi River, Gulf of Mexico, Ohio River, Rio Grande, Missouri
River, Niagara Falls
ƒƒ Neighbors to north and south: Canada, Mexico
ƒƒ Landforms: hill, mountain, valley, gorge, lake, river, island, peninsula,
plain, volcano, oasis, desert, waterfall, marsh
ƒƒ Appalachian and Rocky Mountains
ƒƒ Great Lakes, Great Plains
hh Everglades, coral reef, Redwood Forest, Grand Canyon, Painted
Desert, Old Faithful, Great Basin, Yosemite National Park
ƒƒ U.S. Territories: U.S. Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, American Samoa,
Guam, Northern Mariana Island
hh Location of famous American landmarks: Liberty Bell; Mount Rush-
more; White House; Alamo; Golden Gate Bridge; Brooklyn Bridge;
Jamestown; Cape Canaveral; Tuskegee Institute; Hoover Dam;
U.S.S. Arizona; Fort Clatsop; Transcontinental Railroad; Gateway
Arch; Boonesborough; Kitty Hawk, North Carolina
ƒƒ Inviting, fun review sheets

Science Exploring God’s World guides the student’s study of God’s plan for creation. Stu-
dents will increase both their reading comprehension and their knowledge of sci-
Added Enrichment
ƒƒ Hands-on learning activities in
3
entific concepts while learning about matter and energy, the earth’s atmosphere daily lessons
and surface, the plant world, the solar system, animals and their habitats, and the ƒƒ Worksheets
human body from God’s viewpoint.
ƒƒ Creative Writing activities
Fifth Edition

Through the “how” and “why” questions that are answered in this text, children will
learn about the world around them while developing their thinking skills. Explor- Evaluation
ing God’s World also includes hands-on activities and demonstrations that help to ƒƒ Quizzes (17)
increase each student’s comprehension of basic science concepts. Begin the year ƒƒ Tests (7)
by teaching this 120 lesson course followed by 50 lessons of Health.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Science cont. p. 59

58
 GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
What Is Science? Activities & Demonstrations
hh What is a scientist? hh Be a scientist! How can we use stored energy to make a toy car

hh According to field of study

move without pushing it?
hh Push and pull
ƒƒ How scientists work
hh Use sandpaper to make friction.
ƒƒ Scientific method: observe and ask questions, guess and predict,
experiment and gather data, study data and share it hh Be a scientist! How does surface affect the motion of a toy car?

ƒƒ Terminology: investigate, method, experiment, prediction, data, hh Build a strong structure.

theory hh Observe a magnetic field.

ƒƒ Where scientists work: lab or place of study hh Sort solid matter by similar property.

ƒƒ Science tools: hand lens, microscope, telescope, ruler, scale, beaker, hh Be a scientist! If sugar and salt seem to be able to be poured out,
thermometer, stopwatch, graphs but feel like liquid, are they solid or liquid matter?
hh Graphing data: circle/pie graph, bar graphs, line graphs hh Use liquid to fill different shapes.

ƒƒ Science safety: handling materials, tools, wearing goggles hh Determine that air has weight.

hh How do scientists design experiments? fairness, consistency, use of hh Change a liquid into a gas.
variables hh Discover which has greater density—oil or water.
Activities & Demonstrations hh Make a mixture
hh Line graphs hh Measuring a solid
hh Measuring a liquid
God’s Creation at Work (First Day of Creation) hh Comparing volumes of air
ƒƒ God’s plan for order in the universe
ƒƒ What is energy The Earth’s Atmosphere (Second Day of Creation)
ƒƒ Ability to do work ƒƒ God’s perfect design of air for people, animals, and plants
ƒƒ Energy sources: wind, water, solar, fuel, electrical, sound ƒƒ Atmosphere
hh Energy forms: waiting, working hh Mixture of oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and other gases
ƒƒ Engines use fuel, electricity for energy ƒƒ Weather: heat, water, wind
hh Houses use electricity for energy: cables, conductors, insulators, hh How does heat happen on earth? absorb, radiate, greenhouse effect
currents, complete circuits hh How does water get into air? water vapor
ƒƒ Force and movement hh What makes the wind? air pressure, cool air—heavy,
ƒƒ Push or pull on object warm air—light
hh Work, balance of forces ƒƒ Meteorology
ƒƒ Types: gravity, friction, magnetism ƒƒ Meteorologists, forecasts, Doppler radar
ƒƒ Changing movement hh Graphing weather data
ƒƒ Effects of friction: wears things down, heats things up ƒƒ Water cycle
ƒƒ Inertia ƒƒ Evaporation: water vapor
ƒƒ Overcoming forces: machines ƒƒ Condensation: water droplets, loss of heat energy
ƒƒ Simple machines: wheel and axle, inclined plane/ramp, pulley, ƒƒ Precipitation:
lever, gears ƒƒ Rain
hh Compound machines: bicycle, vehicles, electronic devices ƒƒ Snow—crystals, snowflakes, crystallize
ƒƒ Terminology: revolve, effort, load, fulcrum, effort force, grooves, ƒƒ Sleet—rain that is frozen before it falls
teeth, efficient ƒƒ Hail—hailstones; happens during spring, summer; during
ƒƒ Gravity: some thunderstorms
hh Effects of weight, laws of nature ƒƒ Storms:
hh Building strong structures: ƒƒ Thunderstorms: humid, lightning, static electricity, thundercloud,
hh Strong foundation: “roots”of building thunder
hh Strong supports: pyramids, columns, arches ƒƒ Hurricanes: landfall, eye
ƒƒ Magnetism: ƒƒ Tornadoes: touched down, twister
ƒƒ Magnetite, artificial magnets, electromagnets hh Climates:
hh Magnetic fields hh Frigid: always cold
ƒƒ Attracts or repels hh Temperate: four seasons, experience both warm and cold
ƒƒ Polarity: North and South Poles weather
ƒƒ Matter hh Tropical: two seasons—rainy and dry, very warm weather

hh Made up of molecules Activities & Demonstrations

ƒƒ States: solid, liquid, gas hh Record daily temperature.

ƒƒ How energy changes matter: melting, freezing, boiling hh Graph temperature trends.

hh Effects of heat energy on different states hh Observe air pressure.

hh Terminology: properties, volume, metric units hh Graph weather types.

hh Density hh Be a scientist! Does the water evaporate more quickly in a

hh Matter mixtures warm or cool place?

hh Observe condensation and precipitation.
hh Observe static electricity.

Science cont. p. 60

59
GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
The Earth’s Surface (Third Day of Creation) ƒƒ Flowers or cones
hh Shape of earth: sphere; North and South Poles at top/bottom; ƒƒ Make seeds, have pollen
equator in middle ƒƒ Pollination
hh Structure of earth: ƒƒ Pollinators: honeybee, wind, birds, other insects
hh Crust: bedrock hh Fruit: holds and protects seeds

hh Mantle: rock and magma hh Other ways plants can sprout

hh Core: very hot; center of earth hh Examples: strawberries, sweet potato, white potato

hh Seas and dry land hh Forest

ƒƒ 5 oceans: 70% of earth covered in water hh Three kinds

ƒƒ 7 continents hh Conifer: made from trees with cones, needles; found in colder

hh Soil climates
hh Made up of minerals and humus hh Temperate: found in climates with four seasons

hh Types: sandy, humus, clay hh Tropical: found in tropical climates with much rain and
vegetation
hh Fertile soil: mixture
hh Trees:
hh Layers: topsoil, subsoil, bedrock
hh Parts: crown, trunk, roots
ƒƒ Conservation: crop rotation; fertilization
hh How old is a tree? annual rings
ƒƒ Erosion: gullies, plowing methods for prevention
hh Layers of tree: heartwood, sapwood, bark
ƒƒ Landforms
ƒƒ Why some tree leaves change colors in autumn—decay,
hh Formation of river: source, mouth, delta
dormant
hh Causes of formations: water runoff; silt
hh Decomposers:
hh Examples: Mississippi River Delta, Nile River Delta
hh Fungi and bacteria: grow from spores
hh Weathering
hh Green plants that grow from spores: ferns, mosses
hh Caused by water or wind
hh Fungi “plants” that grow from spores: mushrooms,
hh Surface changes
toadstools
hh Volcanoes: erupt, lava
Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Earthquakes: plates, fault
hh Observe a baby plant.
hh Landslides: can be caused by flooding, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions
hh Observe a stem drawing water upward.
hh Kinds of rock
hh Examine a flower.
hh Variety of types
hh Be a scientist! How can you determine which kinds of produce
hh Some made by heat, sediment, pressure
are fruit?
hh Examples: lava, marble
hh Examine types of tree leaves.
ƒƒ Stewardship: taking wise care of what God has given us hh Observe tiny decomposers.
ƒƒ Conserve resources hh Study a piece of moss.
ƒƒ Use resources wisely hh Make a spore print.
ƒƒ Recycle, repurpose, reuse
Activities & Demonstrations The Solar System (Fourth Day of Creation)
hh Make a compass. ƒƒ Solar system:
hh Observe soil with a hand lens. ƒƒ Sun: at center of solar system
hh Observe water expansion. ƒƒ Star closest to earth
hh Start a rock collection. ƒƒ Sun’s energy helps earth—light, heat, makes weather
hh Be a scientist! Where can you find sediment in a body of water? ƒƒ Planets travel around sun—orbit
ƒƒ God’s plan for solar system: order and size of each planet
Plant World (Third Day of Creation) ƒƒ Eight planets: orbit the sun
ƒƒ Reproduce after their kind hh Inner planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
ƒƒ Replenish the earth hh Outer planets: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune
ƒƒ All living things are dependent on plants ƒƒ Stars:
ƒƒ Seeds: ƒƒ What is a star—glowing gas
hh Three parts: seed coat, baby plant, stored food hh Our galaxy—Milky Way
hh How does a seed sprout? ƒƒ Constellations: Big Dipper, Little Dipper, Orion
hh 4 things needed: water, right temperature, air, light ƒƒ Moon:
ƒƒ Plant structures: hh Orbits a planet
ƒƒ Roots: root hairs hh Natural satellite
ƒƒ How roots help the soil—topsoil, subsoil, erosion ƒƒ Reflects sun’s light
ƒƒ Absorbs water and minerals ƒƒ Moon’s surface: craters, asteroids, meteoroids
hh Stems: carries water/minerals up; carries food down to roots for ƒƒ Moon’s phases: new, crescent, quarter, full
storage
ƒƒ Moon’s gravity: high/low tide cause circulation of water
ƒƒ Leaves:
hh Measures of time
ƒƒ How do plants make their own food?—process of photosynthesis
hh Year: days it takes earth to orbit sun; leap year
ƒƒ How do plants use and help our air?—give off oxygen; use carbon
ƒƒ Seasons: caused by earth’s tilt toward/away from sun
dioxide
Science cont. p. 61

60
 GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
ƒƒ Month: moon phases ƒƒ Rainforest
ƒƒ Day/Night: sunrise, sunset, sundial ƒƒ Four layers: emergent, canopy, understory, forest floor
ƒƒ Space science: ƒƒ Examples of different animals: monkeys, sloths, butterflies,
ƒƒ Astronauts: need for spacesuit; space station snakes, toucans, tree frogs, jaguars, leopards, fungi, termites,
ƒƒ Space travel: spacecraft, space station, tether, space probes, worms, tigers, gorillas, wild pigs, insects
landers, rovers hh Examples of plants: pineapple family

ƒƒ Earth: Our Home—God’s provision and plan in His design for our ƒƒ Thick vegetation provides plenty of food
planet hh Arctic

Activities & Demonstrations hh Two seasons: summer and winter

hh Demonstrate the planets’ orbit around the sun. hh Examples of different animals: caribou, snow geese, reindeer,

hh See how craters happen on the moon’s surface. walruses, polar bear, arctic fox, cod
hh Track the moon’s phases. hh Water habitats

hh Be a scientist! How does distance affect a planet’s orbit? hh Coral reef

hh See how the earth’s rotation makes day and night. hh Examples of different animals: tiger sharks, barracudas, sea
anemone, seahorse, manatee
The Animal Kingdom (Fifth and Sixth Days ƒƒ Saltwater, schools of fish, algae, zooplankton
of Creation) hh Stream
hh Variety of species hh Examples of different animals: river otter, osprey, snails, bears,
hh Differences between plants/animals bass
hh Animal classification: ƒƒ Freshwater, current, surface film, animal tracks
hh Vertebrates: backbone, inside skeleton, five classes Activities & Demonstrations
hh Mammals: characteristics, carnivores, herbivores, omnivores ƒƒ Prepare an insect habitat.
hh Fish: characteristics, gills, scales, predators hh Grow a succulent garden.
hh Amphibians: characteristics, instincts, camouflage, burrows hh Be a scientist! What leaves can collect the most water?
hh Reptiles: characteristics, venomous hh Find out how blubber keeps animals warm.
hh Birds: characteristics, prey hh Observe surface film.
hh Invertebrates: no backbone, weak muscles, small animals with soft hh Identify animal tracks.
bodies, outside skeletons if they have them, cold-blooded
ƒƒ Insects: largest group of invertebrates Human Biology (Sixth Day of Creation)
ƒƒ Body design: head, thorax, abdomen ƒƒ Special to God: cells, tissue, organs, systems
ƒƒ Outside skeleton ƒƒ Nervous system: brain, nerves, spinal cord
ƒƒ Complete metamorphosis: egg, larva, pupa, adult ƒƒ Sense organs/Sense:
ƒƒ Incomplete metamorphosis: egg, nymph, adult ƒƒ Eyes/Sight:
ƒƒ Mimicry ƒƒ Parts: pupil, iris, lens, optic nerve, retina
ƒƒ Spiders: not insects, two body parts ƒƒ Use light energy to see
ƒƒ Protection: eyelids, eyelashes, tears, skull
Activities & Demonstrations
ƒƒ Ears/Hearing:
hh Find your normal body temperature.
hh Parts: outer ear (auditory canal, eardrum), middle ear
hh Use a filter to find out how a fish breathes.
(hammer, anvil, stirrup), inner ear (cochlea, auditory nerve)
hh Watch an amphibian grow.
ƒƒ Use sound energy to hear: vibrations, sound waves
hh Collect earthworms.
ƒƒ Protection: skull, hairs/glands, wax
hh Make an insect-collecting jar.
ƒƒ Nose/Smelling:
Animal Habitats (Fifth and Sixth Days of Creation) ƒƒ Parts: nostrils
hh Habitats—natural home of plant or animal; unique to each animal ƒƒ Odors, molecules
ƒƒ Four things each habitat must have ƒƒ Detect warnings through scents
ƒƒ Space: instincts/equipment; migration ƒƒ Protection: mucus
ƒƒ Shelter: herds; hibernation ƒƒ Tongue/Taste:
ƒƒ Water: dew; freshwater; saltwater ƒƒ Parts: taste buds
ƒƒ Food: ƒƒ Works with smell; different tastes (sweet, salty, bitter, sour)
hh Food chains: sunlight energy, predator, prey, producer, ƒƒ Saliva dissolves
consumer, top predator, decomposer ƒƒ Skin/Touch:
hh Land habitats ƒƒ Parts: epidermis, follicles, dermis, sweat glands, oil glands
hh Prairie: ƒƒ Protection: nerves to feel pain, fingernails, toenails, scab
hh Examples of different animals: bison, prairie chicken, prairie dogs, ƒƒ Regulates temperature: sweat, pores, goose bumps
locusts, king snake ƒƒ Heart and circulatory system
ƒƒ Grazers, rodents, pollinators ƒƒ Blood: red cells, white cells, platelets
hh Fresh water source: rivers, streams, lakes, ponds ƒƒ Circulation: blood vessels, heart, chambers, veins, arteries, pulse
hh Desert: ƒƒ Lungs and respiratory system
hh Examples of different animals: desert toad, gila monster, ƒƒ Inhale oxygen/exhale carbon dioxide, respiration
scorpion, elf owl ƒƒ Parts: windpipe, diaphragm
hh Crevices, dew, nocturnal
Science cont. p. 62

61
GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Human Biology cont. Activities & Demonstrations:
ƒƒ Teeth: hh Make a model of the spinal cord.

ƒƒ Where digestion begins ƒƒ Watch the pupil change in size.

ƒƒ Parts: crown and root hh Make a tin-can telephone.

hh Layers of tooth: enamel, dentin, pulp hh Determine how long it takes for odor molecules to travel.

ƒƒ Digestive system: hh Dissolve sugar in water.

ƒƒ Parts: mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines hh Determine that nerves help protect skin.

ƒƒ Skeletal system: hh Examine skin with a hand lens.

ƒƒ Framework of body hh Make a model of a drop of blood.

hh 206 bones: skull, clavicle, scapula, humerus, sternum, ribs, verte- hh Make a model of the respiratory system.

bra, phalanges, pelvis, femur, patella hh Be a scientist! Does a person’s breathing become faster when exercising?

hh joints, ligaments hh Demonstrate that digestive juices break down food for digestion.

hh Muscular system hh Make a model of the vertebrae.

hh Over 600 muscles hh Demonstrate that a bone's design makes it stronger.

ƒƒ Voluntary/Involuntary muscles
ƒƒ Skeletal muscles: biceps, triceps
ƒƒ Tendons
hh Cardiac muscle

Health The purpose of Health, Safety, and Manners 3 is to teach students about the body God has given them and
to encourage them to practice good health, safety, and manners habits each day. Third-grade students
enjoy learning about good posture, healthy habits, exercise, nutrition, first aid, personal health, public safety,
recreational safety, home safety, manners, and courtesy.
Fourth Edition

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Comprehension Checks (45) ƒƒ Terms to Remember (14) ƒƒ Quizzes (5)
ƒƒ Think About It (42) ƒƒ Heath the Health Bee ƒƒ Tests (3)
ƒƒ Technology Tips (3) ƒƒ Review worksheets for specific topics (12)
ƒƒ The Bible Says (21)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Health hh Sources and benefits of the minerals—calcium, potassium, sodium,

iron, and iodine
ƒƒ Good posture habits
hh Sources and benefits of carbohydrates
ƒƒ Sitting correctly
hh Sources and benefits of fiber
ƒƒ Standing correctly
hh Sources and benefits of fats and oils
ƒƒ Walking correctly
hh How to prevent malnutrition
hh Bending correctly
hh Reading food labels
hh Pulling correctly
ƒƒ Healthy habits
hh Pushing correctly
hh Food storage
hh Lifting correctly
hh Food preparation
ƒƒ Exercise
hh How sickness can be spread
ƒƒ The importance of exercise
ƒƒ How sickness can be prevented
ƒƒ The importance of rest
hh How sickness can be treated
ƒƒ A healthy diet
ƒƒ When to seek health care
ƒƒ Nutritional benefits of vegetables
ƒƒ Everyday health habits
ƒƒ Nutritional benefits of fruits
ƒƒ Taking care of your body
ƒƒ Nutritional benefits of grains
ƒƒ Taking care of your hair
ƒƒ Nutritional benefits of protein
ƒƒ Taking care of your teeth
ƒƒ Nutritional benefits of dairy
ƒƒ Taking care of your eyes
ƒƒ Nutritional benefits of water
ƒƒ Taking care of your ears
ƒƒ A balanced diet
hh Health habits in public
ƒƒ A good breakfast
ƒƒ First aid
ƒƒ A good lunch
hh Minor injuries
ƒƒ A good dinner
hh Treating bumps and twists
ƒƒ Nutrients
hh Treating scrapes and cuts
hh Sources and benefits of protein.
hh Sources and benefits of vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K
Health cont. p. 63

62
 GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Health cont.
hh Emergency procedures ƒƒ Personal safety
hh Head or neck injury ƒƒ Recreational safety
hh Seizures hh Recognizing appropriate play areas

hh Choking hh Safety around animals

hh Electrical shock hh Safety around plants

hh Unconscious and breathing ƒƒ Bicycle safety

hh Unconscious and not breathing ƒƒ Water safety
hh Personal health ƒƒ Home safety
hh Knowing and loving God ƒƒ How to prevent falls
hh Thinking clearly ƒƒ Weather safety
hh Exercising your mind ƒƒ Fire safety
hh Thinking right thoughts hh Internet safety

hh Choosing joy ƒƒ Gun safety

hh Loving others hh Home security

hh Showing courtesy
Manners
hh Helping others
ƒƒ Politeness
hh Showing respect
hh How to greet guests
hh Showing sportsmanship
hh Proper introductions

Safety ƒƒ Kindness
ƒƒ Public safety ƒƒ Helpfulness
hh In-public safety rules hh How to handle bullying

hh Never go to a public place alone ƒƒ Obedience

hh Be aware of what is around you hh How to refuse wrongdoing

hh Stay in well-lit areas ƒƒ Respect

hh Call for help ƒƒ Gratitude
ƒƒ Parking lot safety hh Phone etiquette

ƒƒ Street safety ƒƒ Putting others first

Bible As students embark on their third-grade Bible studies, they will be excited about the new Bible
stories they will be learning. These stories include Old Testament Bible characters such as
Evaluation
ƒƒ Graded memory verse
Life of David
Series 1
Samuel, David, Elijah, Elisha, Daniel, Esther, Ezra, and Nehemiah. As children listen to the events passages (9)
Young
DAVID leading up to King David’s rule, they will see the contrast between King Saul and David. Students
will hear examples of David’s heart toward God and that true obedience comes from the heart.
Flash-a-Card

Bible review and application sheets challenge students to examine their own hearts in their walk
with God as they develop a biblical worldview.

3 Lessons • 21 Cards

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

1 God Chooses David
2 David Kills Goliath
3 David and Jonathan
Lesson Guide Included
David Kills Goliath
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27124101
abeka.com

Lessons 393 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Memory Work

ƒƒ Salvation Series (5 lessons) hh New passages (9) containing 34 verses
hh Life of Samuel (4); Young David (3); David in Hiding (4) ƒƒ Review verses (54)
hh Elijah (6); Elisha (8)
ƒƒ The First Thanksgiving
Doctrinal Truths 61 questions/answers
ƒƒ Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,
ƒƒ First Christmas (5)
­salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation
hh Daniel (6); Ezra and Nehemiah (7); Esther (5)
ƒƒ Crucifixion and Resurrection (9) Prayer Time
hh Parables of Jesus, Series 1 and 2 (12) ƒƒ Learn to pray with thanks­giving for each other, our nation, those in
authority over us
Music 69 songs
ƒƒ Hymns of the faith, patriotic songs, holiday songs, ­choruses Sword Drill
including: hh Learn books of New and Old Testaments
hh 7 new hymns and songs; 7 new choruses
hh 72 New and Old Testament references to find

63
GRADE 3

Music
Songs We Enjoy 3 brings together many of the traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun songs that
American children have enjoyed singing for generations. Today’s children still love these songs. The
sing-along CD makes song time easy for the teacher and delightful for the students.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 64 songs hh Learn patriotism through patriotic music and folk songs

hh Explain meaning of 22 unfamiliar phrases or words in lyrics hh Learn to keep time musically with rhythm instruments

hh Sing rounds in two or more parts ƒƒ Discover historical information contributing to song's origin
ƒƒ Follow a song leader while singing together with class or CD ƒƒ Reinforce Bible application
ƒƒ Benefit from fun activities that spark and keep interest: Variety of Songs to Memorize
ƒƒ Echo parts, whistling, using props ƒƒ Folk, fun songs, spirituals and gospels, patriotic, holiday, Americana
hh Group parts

Arts & Crafts

Adding to the knowledge of the color wheel, Art Projects 3 encourages students to express
their own creativity and find beauty in the world around them. Students will enjoy working with
new media such as clay, charcoal, and watercolors while continuing to learn foundational art
Fourth
Fifth Edition
Edition

and design concepts and techniques. Includes glossary of art terminology.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Concept & Technique Development
ƒƒ Media & Art Types:
ƒƒ Crayon, colored pencils, paper, pencil, glitter, painting, glow-in-
the-dark painting, fibers and mixed media, chalk, marker, tissue
paper, scissor-edge cutting, charcoal, watercolors, clay/ceramics,
metallic paints, kneaded eraser, sequins, needlework/embroidery,
metal bending
ƒƒ Illustrating: color wheel, story, song, Scripture, poem
ƒƒ Cutting from template, cutting out centers, creative cutting,
poking, fringe cutting, cutting strips, layered cutting
ƒƒ Tracing, drawing, drawing step-by-step, geometric shapes,
organic shapes, outlining, overlay, directional coloring, stippling,
shading, folding, detailing, drawing/painting animated expres-
sions, steps of artistic process, painting from observing illustration,
texturizing, hatching, cross-hatching, blotting, dabbing/spong-
ing, drawing using symmetry, kneading, embossing, rounding,
imprinting, sponging, lettering, downstroke, double line, serif, script,
swash, flourish, wash, wet layering, graduated wash, wet-on-wet,
dry-on-dry, scumbling, sponge swiping, masking with tape/rubber
cement, scoring, score and slip, salt resist, poster/mural, pop-up,
hinge, V fold, box fold, sculpting (rolling, pinching, flattening, poking,
scraping, etching), hard/soft edge watercolor painting, brush
control, paint by number, quilling, scroll shapes (round, v, s), border
shapes (teardrop, petal)
hh Op Art, landscape, snowscape, still life, mosaic, collage, seascape,
indenting, stitchery, weaving, salt painting, creating musical instru-
ment
ƒƒ Using loose grip, swab/finger rubbing/smudging; using side of
charcoal to shade, side and pressure strokes, lengthwise stroke,
squiggles, highlighting
ƒƒ Curved, swirled, looped, broken (dashed, dotted), lines, drooping
lines, contour lines, scalloped lines
ƒƒ Color:
ƒƒ 12-color color wheel; primary, secondary, intermediate colors, hue,
tones
ƒƒ Primary, secondary, intermediate color mixing, visual color mixing,
using natural colors, blending, color matching, energized colors,
pink, transparent, metallic colors, color intensity and muting, gradi-
ent, winter colors, using white, pastels, spring colors, muddy colors,
creating off-white colors
ƒƒ Color family, tints, shades
ƒƒ Complementary colors, analogous colors, neutral colors, warm
and cool colors, color temperature, color study
ƒƒ Color scheme: fall, Christmas, patriotic, sunset, masculine, femi-
nine, Valentine colors, Easter colors, Jewish festival colors,
ƒƒ Varying pressure for light/dark colors
ƒƒ Overlay, blending, swab blending, swab rubbing
ƒƒ Observing color moods: exciting, peaceful, playful, serious, hopeful;
observing colors in nature
ƒƒ Moods: happy, joyful, sad, peaceful, fearful
ƒƒ Color symbolism
ƒƒ Form, Value, Contrast:
ƒƒ Shading, tint, shadow, value, varying pressure for value
hh Sphere forming, 3D texture
ƒƒ Cylinder, cone, vary pressure for gradual light/dark shading
ƒƒ Tint, making tints with watercolors
hh 3D Concept, 3D Forming
ƒƒ Value, contrast, shading, fade, cast shadow
ƒƒ Blending, highlighting

Arts & Crafts cont. p. 65

64

Art & Crafts cont.
Concept & Technique Development cont.
ƒƒ Making a rectangular bag
hh Graduated, gradient, aerial perspective, depth, triarama
ƒƒ Varied box-forming, contrast in pattern, form, contours, horn forming
hh Hard edge and soft edge, scroll, egg shape
ƒƒ Movable parts, paper sculpture, 3D crafting, structures, kirigami, ƒƒ Communication and Creativity:
template
ƒƒ Design and Organization:
hh Color-determining process: block, observe; color-matching pro-
cess: experiment, compare, determine, correct
hh Slipknot process, watercolor process
ƒƒ Outlining, needlework stitches (running, back, cross-, overcast,
feather, French knot), initials, making-needle process, template
ƒƒ Orientation: horizontal, vertical, diagonal, radial (pattern), spiral,
symmetry, pattern, using line shapes (curved, jagged, straight,
looping, zig-zag)
ƒƒ Pattern (calico, gingham)
hh Imprint
ƒƒ Line type (dashed, dotted), visual texture (wiggly, jagged, zig-zag
lines for wood grain), short curved for rope; brand
hh One-point perspective (horizon line, vanishing point), lettering
(manuscript, stroke, block letter, block-lettering process), trace,
space, paper stretching
hh Braiding
ƒƒ Stroke, downstroke, weighted, double line, lettering process, letter-
ing styles, serif, script, flourish, swash, sponging layers ƒƒ Appreciation & Evaluation:
ƒƒ Symmetry, balance, proportion, observation, texture (hair, cloth-
ing), detailing
hh Glue spreading, scissor-edge cutting
ƒƒ Subject
hh Art Process: quick inspiration, careful planning, quick analysis &
correction, careful execution: brainstorm; thumbnail; value sketch;
color study; texture (foliage)
hh Transparent, plaid, opaque, pattern (geometric—striped, shadow
stripe, plaid, gingham, polka dot, chevron, check/checkered,
argyle; organic—flower, scroll, leaf, splat, calico, paisley)
ƒƒ Odd-numbered items, unity, grid, poster, mural
ƒƒ Composition, foreground
ƒƒ Line types (scallop)
hh Horizon line, perspective, ellipse
ƒƒ Stylus, forming, indent
hh Coloring over cardboard for horn texture
hh Paint-by-number process, simplifying, brush control
GRADE 3
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
hh Coil (coil tightening, coil loosening)
ƒƒ Texture: wispy lines for fur, zig-zag lines for grass, curved/wiggly
lines for bark and wood, cross-hatching for fur; texture observation
of variety: yarn, paper, button, organic, soft and fuzzy, woodgrain;
crumpling for wrinkled texture, pulled cotton for wool, dabbing/
sponging for spots, toothbrush spatter, fling spatter
ƒƒ Making choices, using resources
ƒƒ Communicating through order
hh Creating movement, creating expression
ƒƒ Creating animated expressions based on evaluation
ƒƒ Communicating through printing and form
hh Creating brand
ƒƒ Mood, self-expression
ƒƒ Creating pattern
hh Emphasis, practice and create lettering style
ƒƒ Communicating through sponging
ƒƒ Creating an original likeness, autograph
ƒƒ Choosing subject, communicating through visual textures
ƒƒ Collaborative
ƒƒ Solving problems
ƒƒ Communicating through creative sculpting techniques
ƒƒ Unique patterns and colors
ƒƒ Communicating through simplifying
hh Creating maze
ƒƒ Observing color
ƒƒ Appreciation: God’s Earth
hh Observing quality craftmanship
ƒƒ Studying animated expressions: thrilled, worried, mad, dizzy, afraid
ƒƒ Calico, gingham
ƒƒ Observing nature, evaluating quality and worth, give as gift
hh Culture of American West, display
hh Kumihimo, Japanese culture, lettering examples
ƒƒ Self-observation from life, comparing family features
ƒƒ Problem solving, analyze, critique, emotion (joy, awe, excitement),
exhibit, collaborate
hh Jessie Willcox Smith (Little Bo Peep, Little Women) Brian Jekel
(Crucifixion, Resurrection, Christian Soldier)
hh Jewish culture, colors, and pattern
hh Predicting color combinations
65
 GRADE 4

Language Arts: Reading

4c 4c
An outstanding variety of children’s literature from famous classics to modern selections encourages
young readers to come back for more. These beautiful new readers with colorful art and designs will
entertain students while deepening their understanding of the written word. With an emphasis on liter-
ary elements and concepts, students will grow in their ability to think critically while establishing and
developing the foundation for a biblical worldview.

4b 4b
Fourth graders will grow in their ability to read for learning and gain independence through the use of
´Awx!a¨
33878801 character analysis, setting and plot charting, text structure analysis, and many other activities including
creative writing.

Literary Value Materials

ƒƒ 86 authors, including such well-
4j 4j known writers as Lewis Carroll,
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35833901
Robert Louis Stevenson, Robert
Lawson, Robert Frost, Aileen
Fisher, Arleta Richardson, A. A
Milne, Hans Christian Anderson,
E. B. White, Laura Ingalls Wilder
ƒƒ Selections and adaptations from
children’s literature such as “A
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33892301
Little, “Down the Rabbit Hole” from Alice’s
Adventures in Wonderland, “Keeping
House” from On the Banks of Plum Creek,
“When God Knew Best” from Grandma’s
Attic, “Wilbur Meets Charlotte” from
Charlotte’s Web, “Captain Cook” from
Mr. Popper’s Penguins
ƒƒ Character-building themes such as con-
tentment, optimism, generosity, forgive-
ƒƒ Readers (6) compilations containing
stories (97), poems (57), plays (3),
recipes (3), crafts (2), science
demonstrations (2)
ƒƒ Novels (Christian historical fiction and
Christian classic allegory)
ƒƒ Reading Comprehension 4 skill sheets
ƒƒ Bible for Scripture reading

Narrow Escape” from Stuart ness, honesty, kindness, perseverance

and service

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development ƒƒ Prompts for creative writing

ƒƒ Read orally and silently with comprehension hh Understanding acts/scenes within a play

ƒƒ Strive for increasing: accuracy, fluency, phrasing, alertness to punc- ƒƒ Comparing biography/autobiography
tuation, expression, appropriate speed, comprehension, volume, hh Analyzing, making inferences and drawing conclusions from
poise descriptive and persuasive text
ƒƒ Vocabulary Development through words and definitions hh Providing evidence from text to support analysis

ƒƒ Development of understanding literary types, terms, and concepts
ƒƒ Exercise critical thinking through inference, evaluation, analyzation,
and personal application—using fact and reasoning in the develop-
ment of a biblical worldview
Literary Concept Development
ƒƒ Understanding and applying literary concepts: title, author, charac-
ter, main character, plot, setting, moral, main idea, stanza, summary,
symbolism, climax, autobiography, biography, fiction, non-fiction,
act, scene, simile
ƒƒ Summarizing plot
ƒƒ Comparing works of the same author
ƒƒ Comparing similar works from different authors
ƒƒ Predicting endings
ƒƒ Discerning fact from opinion
ƒƒ Introducing and utilizing literary concepts—dialogue, excerpt, infer-
ence, point of view, idiom, narrator, rhyme scheme, meter, repetition,
dialect, metaphor, drama, cast, and stage directions
ƒƒ Recognizing and analyzing text structures—narrative, informative,
sequential, descriptive, problem/solution, compare/contrast, cause/
effect
ƒƒ Determining point of view—first and third person
ƒƒ Analyzing characters and setting
ƒƒ Recognizing genres: realistic fiction, historical fiction, fantasy, bio-
graphical stories including autobiographies, folktales, fables, legends,
fairy tales, parables, Scripture
ƒƒ Distinguishing fantasy from reality
ƒƒ Charting information: word webs, Venn diagrams, compare/con-
trast, predict possible outcomes
hh Creative collaboration activities for developing critical thinking
ƒƒ Analyzing illustration and photo
ƒƒ Interpreting figurative language
ƒƒ Discerning author’s intent
hh Writing narrative, descriptive, compare/contrast, problem/solution,
cause/effect informative selections
hh Recognizing themes in literature
hh Recognizing and implementing good creative writing techniques
Readers
ƒƒ Once Upon a Story—14 stories, 12 poems, 1 hymn, with a fanciful
theme including BUILD ON IT concepts, reviewing title, author, main
character, setting, plot, moral, main idea, fiction/nonfiction, simile,
symbolism, summary, introducing literary concept—narrative text
structure, point of view; Think About It, What DO YOU Think? Think
It Through—factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension/
discussion questions; What Can YOU Do? activities; What Would
YOU Do? activities including creative ideas for helping others;
author/background information prompts, as well as literary type
prompts for explanation of terms; story and Christian character
themes; silent reading selections; illustration and photo observa-
tions; additional enrichment activities include predicting an ending,
audio/video demonstrations, creative drawing and writing, charting
comparisons, Venn diagrams, charting cause/effect, visual aids,
creative collaboration; biblical worldview discussions noted by icons,
critical thinking discussions and activities noted by icon, challenging
vocabulary and definitions listed at bottom pages of stories; BUILD
ON IT literary concept activities: drawing the setting, creative col-
laboration, writing from different points of view, identifying narrative
text structures; graphic organizers challenging character analysis,
comparing and contrasting with Venn Diagrams
ƒƒ In His Hands—20 stories, 9 poems, 2 crafts, 1 hymn, Scripture read-
ing, 1 recipe, missionary moment highlights in a variety of styles and
literature types with an around the world theme including descrip-
tive/persuasive selections and Scripture selections; BUILD ON IT
concepts reviewing skills in recognizing problem solution and cause/
Reading cont. p. 67

66

Reading cont.
effect in narrative text; challenging vocabulary and definitions listed
at bottom pages of stories; introducing literary concept—Descriptive
and Sequential text structure; Think About It, What DO YOU Think?
Think It Through—factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehen-
sion/discussion questions; What Can YOU Do? activities, What Would
YOU Do? activities including creative ideas for helping others; author
and historical background information prompts, as well as literary
type prompts for explanation of terms; story and Christian character
themes; silent reading selections; interesting informational facts;
illustration and photo observations; A World of Words introduces
international words/phrases and their meanings with free audio
download; additional enrichment activities include bulletin board
project, game, creative writing; biblical worldview discussions noted
by icons, critical thinking discussions and activities noted by icon;
BUILD ON IT literary concept activities: writing a narrative, writing a
descriptive paragraph; creative collaboration, character analysis,
graphic organizers including charting plot and climax, comparing
and contrasting with Venn Diagrams
ƒƒ Song of the Brook—a 15-chapter Christian historical fiction novel,
the sequel to Secret in the Maple Tree; reconnect with Hilda and
her family as they adjust to life in their new home in Washington
state; with the overall theme, “The Best Is Yet to Come”; includes
advanced vocabulary words and definitions for vocabulary enrich-
ment; reviews literary concepts—main character, plot, moral, sum-
mary, setting, title, author; review activities for character analysis
and chapter summarization skills in preparation for book report;
Bible application, biblical worldview application and critical thinking
discussions; story and Christian character themes; chapter reviews
including factual inferential and interpretive comprehension/discus-
sion questions; additional enrichment activities; graphic organizers
including cause/effect charting, character descriptions, predict an
ending
ƒƒ Road Trip East—21 stories, 11 poems, 1 recipe, 1 hymn, 1 newspaper
article, 2 author highlight pages, 1 Scripture reading, highlighting a
variety of styles and literature types with a road trip theme travel-
ing the eastern United States featuring a fictional family named the
Jacksons; challenging vocabulary and definitions listed in stories
at bottom of pages, BUILD ON IT concepts reviewing descriptive/
sequential text structure, biography, introducing poetry elements,
repetition, rhyme scheme, meter, and compare/contrast text struc-
ture; Think About It, What DO YOU Think? Think It Through—factual,
inferential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions;
What Can YOU Do? activities, What Would YOU Do? activities
including creative ideas for helping others; author and historical
background information prompts, as well as literary type prompts
for explanation of terms; introducing The Author’s Pen to highlight
creative writing techniques; story and Christian character themes;
silent reading selections; interesting informational facts; illustra-
tion and photo observations; Track My Trip for added geographical
information; additional enrichment activities include map, game,
creative writing, biblical worldview discussions noted by icons, critical
thinking discussions and activities noted by icon; BUILD ON IT liter-
ary concept activities: writing a rhyming poem, writing a compare
contrast informative story, creative collaboration, graphic organizers
including charting cause/effect and problem/solution, comparing
and contrasting topics from informative texts, character analysis
ƒƒ Fables and Folktales—17 stories, 12 poems, 2 plays, 2 Scripture
readings, highlighting a variety of folk literature including fairy tales,
fables, legends retold through poetry and riddle; challenging vocab-
ulary and definitions listed in stories at bottom of pages, as well as
expanding knowledge of literary concepts including imagery, idiom,
fable, folktale, parable, legend; BUILD ON IT concepts reviewing act
and scene, introducing metaphor, meter, cast, and stage directions;
Think About It, What DO YOU Think? Think It Through—factual, infer-
GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ential, and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; What
Can YOU Do? activities, What Would YOU Do? activities; The Author’s
Pen to highlight creative writing techniques; story and Christian
character themes; silent reading selections; interesting informational
facts; illustration and photo observations; additional enrichment
activities; biblical worldview discussions noted by icons, critical think-
ing discussions and activities noted by icon; BUILD ON IT literary con-
cepts activities; story map, identifying/explaining metaphors, create
your own cast, creative writing using imagery, Venn diagram
ƒƒ Pilgrim’s Progress: Christiana’s Journey—a 14-chapter simplified
allegory, the sequel to Pilgrim’s Progress: Christian’s Journey; fol-
lows Christiana, Christian’s wife as she journeys with her family and
friend to the Celestial City; includes advanced vocabulary words and
definitions for vocabulary enrichment, map, the Pilgrim’s Journey,
Background Information from Christian’s Journey, book report
preparation activities; Bible application; story and Christian char-
acter themes; factual, inferential, and interpretive comprehension/
discussion questions; additional enrichment activities; Bible applica-
tion, biblical worldview application and critical thinking discussions;
Journal to record locations of events, characters, and lessons Chris-
tiana learned with correlating scriptural evidence
ƒƒ Gifts and Gadgets—17 stories, 12 poems, 2 newspaper articles, 2 sci-
ence demonstrations, highlighting a variety of styles and literature
types with a scientific theme of inventions and innovative ideas to
help improve everyday life, including a focus on the greatest Cre-
ator, highlighting some unusual creatures within His creation; Flash
Forward modern invention feature; challenging vocabulary and
definitions listed in stories at bottom of pages; BUILD ON IT literary
concepts highlighting biography, and autobiography; introducing
first- and third-person point of view and problem and solution text
structure; The Author’s Pen to highlight creative writing techniques;
story and Christian character themes; silent reading selections; inter-
esting informational facts; illustration and photo observations; Think
About It, What DO YOU Think?, Think It Through—factual, inferential,
and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; What Can
YOU Do? activities; What Would YOU Do? activities including creative
ideas for helping others; author and historical background informa-
tion prompts, as well as literary type prompts for explanation of
terms; additional enrichment activities include map, game, creative
writing, biblical worldview discussions noted by icons, critical thinking
discussions and activities noted by icon; BUILD ON IT literary concept
activities: problem solution creative writing, problem solution graphic
organizers for creative collaboration
ƒƒ Road Trip West—25 stories, 13 poems, 1 recipe, 1 author highlight
page, 1 Scripture reading, highlighting a variety of styles and litera-
ture types featuring a road trip theme traveling the western United
States featuring a fictional family named the Daniels; challenging
vocabulary and definitions listed in stories at bottom of pages; BUILD
ON IT literary concepts introducing dialect and cause/effect text
structure; Track My Trip for added geographical information; Think
About It, What DO YOU Think? Think It Through—factual, inferential,
and interpretive comprehension/discussion questions; What Can
YOU Do? activities, What Would YOU Do? activities including creative
ideas for helping others; author and historical background informa-
tion prompts, as well as literary type prompts for explanation of
terms; The Author’s Pen to highlight creative writing techniques, story
and Christian character themes; silent reading selections; interesting
informational facts; illustration and photo observations; additional
enrichment activities; BUILD ON IT literary concepts include: creative
collaboration, charting cause/effect and problem/solution, compar-
ing and contrasting topics from informative texts, writing a cause/
effect informative story
Reading cont. p. 68
67
GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Reading cont.
ƒƒ Reading Comprehension 4—collection of 43 science articles, short Comprehension, Discussion & Analysis
stories, historical informative selections, assessment pages for
recall, application, evaluation, and analysis for thinking and problem
Skills Development
solving; including index of Literary Application of Concepts: main ƒƒ Answer factual and interpretive for most stories, poems, and other
idea, details, character analysis, author purpose, mood, theme, selections
moral, point of view, visualization, setting, prediction, text evidence, ƒƒ Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions for most
sequence, inference, fact/opinion, foreshadow, context clues, text stories and poems
structure, idiom, dialect, hyperbole, story elements, dialogue, shades ƒƒ Summarize selected readings
of meaning ƒƒ Apply understanding of literary types, terms, and concepts
ƒƒ Adventures in Other Lands—28 timed narrative and informative
selections with an international theme; 28 quizzes to access com-
prehension and speed; 1 game to chart personal progress (while
analyzing scores, students can determine their best reading rate to
achieve optimal accuracy in comprehension); quiz key

Language Arts: Language

The work-text God’s Gift of Language 4 gives students the tools neces- Added Enrichment
sary to become effective communicators. Through a variety of practice ƒƒ Four themes (how things work, unusual ani-
exercises in both grammar and writing, students continue building on the
Fourth Edition

mals, countries of the world, fine arts)

foundational language concepts learned in third grade. Fourth graders ƒƒ Glossary section of language terms
will expand their understanding and knowledge of English as they apply
ƒƒ Writing section including graphic organizers
the following concepts: sentence structure and writing style; identifying
for historical essay, book report forms
and correctly using all eight parts of speech including action, helping,
ƒƒ Dedicated homework section
being, and linking verbs; identifying sentence patterns; subject-verb
agreement including contractions and irregular verbs; punctuation rules ƒƒ Take 5! review mini-quizzes
including commas, periods, colons, quotation marks, and underlining; ƒƒ Continual spiral review and application of
capitalization rules; and proofreader’s marks. previously taught material

Correlating with both Writing with Purpose 4 and the Reading 4 pro- Evaluation
gram, God’s Gift of Language 4 allows students to translate grammar ƒƒ Book reports (4)
and mechanics skills into effective communication through writing ƒƒ Historical essay
applications appropriately spaced throughout the year. Students learn ƒƒ Weekly quizzes (33)
paragraph structure, summarization skills, cause/effect, inference, and ƒƒ Biweekly tests (17)
persuasive writing (fact/opinion), as well as complete book reports (4), ƒƒ All quizzes and tests are included in God’s
and a five-paragraph historical essay. Gift of Language 4 Quizzes and Tests

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar ƒƒ After names of people you are speaking to (direct address)

ƒƒ Capitalization ƒƒ Separate town or city from state
ƒƒ First word in every sentence ƒƒ Separate words or groups of words in a series
ƒƒ Days of the week and months of the year (not seasons) ƒƒ Separate parts of a date
ƒƒ Holidays/special days ƒƒ After the greeting and closing of a friendly letter
ƒƒ Names referring to God and the Bible ƒƒ Apostrophes
ƒƒ Names, titles of respect, the word I, family titles used as names ƒƒ In contractions
ƒƒ Cities, countries, rivers, oceans, map locations ƒƒ With s to make a singular possessive
ƒƒ First word and every important word in titles hh With s or single apostrophe to make a plural possessive

hh First word of direct quotations hh Colon

ƒƒ Punctuation hh Between chapter/verse of Scripture reference

ƒƒ Periods ƒƒ Between hour/minute of written time

ƒƒ At end of most sentences hh Underline

ƒƒ After initials/titles of respect hh Titles of books, newspapers, magazines, plays, works of art

ƒƒ After abbreviations hh Names of ships, planes, trains

ƒƒ Question marks at end of interrogative sentences ƒƒ Sentences

ƒƒ Exclamation points at end of exclamatory sentences ƒƒ Recognize
ƒƒ Quotation marks ƒƒ Complete sentences
ƒƒ Before and after a direct quotation ƒƒ Kinds of sentences: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory,
imperative
hh Around titles of short stories, poems, songs, articles
ƒƒ Run-on sentences
ƒƒ Commas
hh Run-together sentences (corrected using introductory words/
ƒƒ After yes or no at beginning of sentence
commas)
Language cont. p. 69

68
 GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Language cont.
Grammar cont. ƒƒ Answer How, When, How often, Where
ƒƒ Complete subject and predicate hh Avoiding double negatives

ƒƒ Simple subject and verb (including within contractions, impera- hh Degrees of comparison

tive/interrogative sentences) hh Differentiating good/well

ƒƒ Subject-verb agreement (including compound subjects, helping ƒƒ Diagram

verbs/contractions) ƒƒ Conjunctions
ƒƒ Diagramming ƒƒ Define and identify
ƒƒ Subject/verb (including compound) ƒƒ and, or, but, for, yet
ƒƒ Adjectives ƒƒ Diagram in compound subjects/verbs,
ƒƒ Adverbs hh Diagram in compound modifiers/compliments
ƒƒ Conjunctions hh Prepositions
hh Sentence patterns (S, AV, DO) (S, LV, PA) (S, LV, PN) hh Identify 30
hh Compound sentences hh Prepositional phrase
ƒƒ Contractions hh Object of preposition
ƒƒ Subject-verb agreement within contractions hh Differentiating preposition/adverb
hh Avoiding double negatives hh Interjections
ƒƒ Parts of Speech hh Correct usage
ƒƒ Verbs hh Punctuation rules (exclamation point, comma)
ƒƒ Past, present, future tense hh Related capitalization
ƒƒ Action (with direct objects) ƒƒ Word study and diction:
ƒƒ Compound verbs/verb phrases ƒƒ Contractions (34)
hh State of being ƒƒ Troublesome words
ƒƒ Helping ƒƒ Correct usage: There/Their/They’re, Your/You’re, Its/It’s
ƒƒ Irregular verbs (past, present, need helping verbs) hh accept/except, affect/effect, beside/besides, between/among,
hh Linking verbs (predicate adjective/predicate nominative) burst/bust, have/of, less/fewer, off of/off, to/and, wait on/wait
ƒƒ Word usage for
ƒƒ may/can, teach/learn, take/bring hh Use negatives correctly

ƒƒ lie/lay, sit/set ƒƒ Homonyms/Antonyms

hh should/would/could ƒƒ Transition words/Introductory words
ƒƒ Singular/Plural ƒƒ Dictionary skills
ƒƒ Plural spelling rules ƒƒ Alphabetical order
ƒƒ Diagram ƒƒ Guide words, pronunciation, meaning, spelling, part of speech
ƒƒ Nouns ƒƒ Thesaurus skills
ƒƒ Singular/Plural ƒƒ Synonyms
ƒƒ Plural spelling rules Composition
ƒƒ Irregular plural nouns ƒƒ Writing sentences using an assigned word or topic
ƒƒ Common/Proper ƒƒ Correcting fragments
ƒƒ Compound ƒƒ Correcting run-on/run-together sentences
ƒƒ Possessive (plural possessives) ƒƒ Compound sentences
ƒƒ Diagram (subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects) hh Complex sentences
ƒƒ Pronouns ƒƒ Correcting choppy style by combining short sentences
ƒƒ Define and identify hh Correcting stringy style by dividing long sentences
ƒƒ Identify antecedents ƒƒ Using proofreader’s marks for insert, capitalize, lowercase, delete,
hh Pronoun-antecedent agreement (number/person) spelling error
hh Case: subjective/objective/possessive ƒƒ Writing
hh Compound ƒƒ Using graphic organizers to identify/organize topics and main
ƒƒ Adjectives points
ƒƒ Answer What kind, How many, Which one, Whose, and How ƒƒ In given paragraph/story/article
much ƒƒ In researched/original topic to write paragraph
ƒƒ Possessive adjectives (nouns/pronouns) ƒƒ Comparison/Contrast
ƒƒ Articles ƒƒ Cause/Effect
hh Proper adjectives ƒƒ Fact/Opinion
hh Degrees of comparison ƒƒ Word/Character
hh Predicate adjectives ƒƒ Book reports (4)
hh Differentiating good / well ƒƒ Allegory
ƒƒ Diagram (modify subject/other nouns, compound, predicate ƒƒ Christian fiction
adjectives) ƒƒ Biography (choice)
ƒƒ Adverbs ƒƒ Fiction (choice)
ƒƒ Modify verbs ƒƒ Non-fiction (choice)
Language cont. p. 70

69
GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Language cont.
Composition cont. ƒƒ Summarizing
ƒƒ Facts/Opinions (persuasive paragraph) ƒƒ Historical text (non-climactic)
ƒƒ Topic/Concluding sentences ƒƒ Informative text (science)
ƒƒ Cause/Effect ƒƒ Narrative text
ƒƒ Time order words hh Historical Essay (5 paragraphs): Using the Writing Process

ƒƒ Parts of a friendly letter, including addressing envelope hh Research/organize using graphic organizer for each paragraph
hh Introductory/Concluding paragraphs
hh Write rough drafts; check/polish, compile, rewrite

Language Arts: Penmanship/Creative Writing

Penmanship: Writing with Purpose 4 contains exercises designed to Added Enrichment
give fourth graders daily instruction and practice in developing their ƒƒ Correlates with Writing Process taught in
penmanship skills. Emphasis is placed on neatness and correct letter Language 4
formation through daily practice. Students will benefit from character ƒƒ Decorative writing collection
building themes and thought-provoking questions through histori-
ƒƒ Optional collaborative projects
cal biographies and weekly Word Craft activities. Each activity is
ƒƒ Extra practice for penmanship review during
designed to promote thinking skills, creativity, and class discussion.
creative writing focus
Activities include the following: name acrostic, idioms, creating a party
menu, and completing a boarding pass and passport information. ƒƒ Optional activities for additional creative writ-
ing opportunities
Creative Writing: Beginning in lesson 87, students apply effective com- ƒƒ Word Craft activities
munication skills as writing class focuses pri­marily on creative writing. ƒƒ Additional writing exercises included in
A variety of creative writing topics will challenge students' thinking Language, Reading, History, Science, and
skills, enhance imagination, and prepare students to be skilled writers. Health

Evaluation
ƒƒ Tests (33)
ƒƒ Creative Writing selections (5-optional)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development Creative Writing

ƒƒ Handwriting ƒƒ Reviewing and enhancing the writing process: read and gather, think
ƒƒ Achieve good writing position: and plan, write and rewrite, check and polish, share your results
ƒƒ Sitting properly in desk ƒƒ Use proper punctuation and capitalization
ƒƒ Holding pencil correctly ƒƒ Organize main ideas into graphic organizers
ƒƒ Slanting paper correctly ƒƒ Writing topic/concluding sentences
ƒƒ Reviewing correct formation of all lower- and uppercase letters ƒƒ Constructing paragraphs
and numbers hh State history reports correlating with History project My State Note-
ƒƒ Writing skills for a good overall appearance: book:
ƒƒ Forming difficult letters correctly hh State symbol

ƒƒ Placing letter correctly on lines hh Cultural heritage

ƒƒ Writing with consistent spacing between letter and words hh Vacation spot

ƒƒ Slanting letters properly hh Interesting facts

ƒƒ Making smooth connections between letters and difficult letters ƒƒ Developing stories using suggested topics
ƒƒ Using key strokes: wave, loop, oval, mountain ƒƒ Writing a process summary using time-order words
ƒƒ Writing using ¾ spacing on wide ruled paper hh Multi-paragraph research reports

ƒƒ Writing using consistent letter size ƒƒ Writing a persuasive letter

ƒƒ Demonstrate ability to copy from print to cursive ƒƒ Writing an original play
hh Historical biographies with inspirational/character building hh Collaborative project: The Island of
quotes hh Design island symbols (map, flag, seal)
hh Characteristics of citizenship, laws
hh Acceptance speech
hh Island website
hh Travel brochure

Penmanship/Creative Writing cont. p. 71

70
 GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Penmanship/Creative Writing cont.
ƒƒ Creative writing collection hh State history research paragraphs
ƒƒ Guided research reports hh Biographical historical report on state figure
ƒƒ Picture writing prompts hh Biographical scientist report
ƒƒ Story starters ƒƒ “How to” step-by-step process
ƒƒ Stories with alternate endings ƒƒ Play: setting, narration, and dialogue
ƒƒ Demonstrating comprehension by engaging in class discussion hh Shape poems
ƒƒ Compositions include these topics: hh Literary emphasis lessons correlating with Charlotte’s Web
ƒƒ Imaginative pieces hh Compare/Contrast of two and three item

Language Arts: Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry

Spelling, Vocabulary, and Poetry 4 applies the skills of effective communication by teaching how spelling “works,” exam-
ining words while applying spelling patterns and phonics. Lists integrate words from everyday life and words from other
academic subjects. Words are arranged into four sections: Spelling Rule, Phonics Focus, Vocabulary Words, and Challenge
Words. Students will build spelling and vocabulary skills by completing a variety of activities as well as expand spelling
knowledge beyond the spelling list. Opportunities to develop a biblical worldview are provided as each list begins with A
Word to Live By: a Bible verse and character trait related to a spelling or vocabulary word.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary:
ƒƒ Spelling lists (34) including 4
review lists
ƒƒ Total words (836)
ƒƒ Vocabulary words and defini-
tions (136)
ƒƒ Practice Activities (139)
ƒƒ Spelling Bridges Applications
(34)
ƒƒ Spelling Games (19)
ƒƒ Character-building Bible verses
ƒƒ Quick-reference spelling rules in text ƒƒ Poetry ƒƒ Spelling tests (34)
ƒƒ Organized by spelling and phonetic ƒƒ Poetry section includes:
patterns ƒƒ Introduction to each poem
ƒƒ Build on previous concepts ƒƒ Vocabulary words to know
ƒƒ Reinforce new concepts ƒƒ Comprehension questions and
ƒƒ Teacher Resources: critical thinking questions
ƒƒ Scope and sequence ƒƒ Discussion Starters
ƒƒ Sentence banks ƒƒ Enrichment ideas
ƒƒ Teaching Tips ƒƒ Literary terms
ƒƒ Spelling Hints ƒƒ Biblical worldview
ƒƒ Discussion Starters ƒƒ DTAs available to enrich interpreta-
ƒƒ DTAs available for spelling practice and tion and appreciation
review

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling and Vocabulary Skills Development ƒƒ Hearing spelling and vocabulary words in example sentence, in
order to clearly understand each word’s meaning; differentiate
ƒƒ Master spelling lists including:
between sound-alike words
ƒƒ Words arranged according to patterns
ƒƒ Compound words Learn Spelling Rules:
ƒƒ Capitalized words ƒƒ i before e except after c
ƒƒ Abbreviations hh i before e except after c or when sounded like a as in neighbor and
ƒƒ Prefixes weigh
ƒƒ Suffixes ƒƒ There are some exceptions to the “i before e except after c rule”
ƒƒ Root words hh Double the final consonant before a suffix beginning with a vowel if

ƒƒ Double consonants (1) the word has only one syllable or is accented on the last syllable
ƒƒ Applying spelling and vocabulary words correctly to complete and (2) the word ends in a single consonant preceded by a vowel.
sentences and paragraphs ƒƒ When a root word ends in a consonant and a y, change the y to i
hh Memorize vocabulary definitions
before adding a suffix unless it begins with an i.
ƒƒ Commonly misspelled words ƒƒ When a root word ends in a consonant and a y, change the y to i
before adding a suffix unless it begins with an i.
ƒƒ Syllable rules
ƒƒ When a root word ends in a vowel and a y, add the suffix.
ƒƒ Four review lists
hh Double the final consonant in a one-syllable word only if the word
ƒƒ Applying spelling pattern concepts through daily:
ends in one vowel and one consonant. Double the final consonant
ƒƒ Teacher-directed oral practice in a word of two or more syllables if the word ends in one vowel and
ƒƒ Independent written practice one consonant and the final syllable is accented.
ƒƒ Exercises and games that reinforce spelling skills hh Use a t for the ch sound when followed by u-r-e.
hh Exercises that reinforce learning
hh Spelling Bridges to make application of acquired spelling skills
Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry cont. p. 72

71
GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry cont.
Learn Spelling Rules: cont. hh The sound er at the end of words can be spelled e-r, a-r, or o-r.

hh If a word has two or more syllables use c for the final k sound.
hh The letter q is followed by u and at least one more vowel.
ƒƒ When a root word ends in a silent e, keep the e if the suffix begins
with a consonant.
ƒƒ When a root word ends in a silent e, drop the e if the suffix begins with
a vowel.
ƒƒ The syllable p-r-e can be pronounced prĕ or prē. The syllable p-e-r
can be pronounced pur or per.
hh The short o sound can be spelled a-u.
ƒƒ The letters g-h can be silent or say the f sound.
hh The letters d-e and d-i at the beginning of a word can sound alike.
hh In French words, the final t is silent.

hh The f sound can be spelled p-h, g-h, or f. hh Long u can be spelled u-e, e-w, u_e, and u.

ƒƒ The singular and plural forms of some nouns are spelled the same. Worksheet Activities
ƒƒ The plural form of nouns ending in s, x, z, ch, or sh is formed by ƒƒ Identifying root words
adding –es.
ƒƒ Dividing words according to syllables
ƒƒ The plural form of some nouns ending in f or fe is formed by changing
ƒƒ Alphabetizing to the third and fourth letter
f or fe to v and adding -es.
ƒƒ Identifying rhyming words
hh The suffixes –able and –ible say the same sound.
ƒƒ Proofreading and using proofreader’s marks
hh The sh sound is sometimes spelled c-i at the beginning of any syl-
ƒƒ Finding the correct antonym and synonym
lable except the first.
ƒƒ Solving puzzles using spelling words
hh When ks sound is in the middle of a word, it is usually spelled with an
x. ƒƒ Using spelling and vocabulary words to complete sentences
hh When the long e sound comes before a final syllable beginning with a
ƒƒ Identifying variant spellings of the same sound
vowel, it is usually spelled with i. ƒƒ Defining vocabulary words
hh Some words contain unusual spellings ƒƒ Identifying homonyms
ƒƒ Applying spelling rules to complete words
Learn Phonics Focus: ƒƒ Creative writing with spelling and vocabulary words
hh The long a sound can be spelled a, a-i, e-a. ƒƒ Adding suffixes correctly
hh The long e sound can be spelled e, e-e, e-a, e-o. ƒƒ Using words in biblical context
hh When y comes at the end of a word, it usually says the long e sound.
hh The long o sound can be spelled, o, o-u-g-h, and o-a. Poetry Skills Development
hh The long i sound can be spelled with a y. hh Memorize 8 lyrical poems

ƒƒ The sound aw in saw can be spelled a-u, a-u-g-h, and a-l. ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry
ƒƒ The sound oo in tooth can also be spelled u. hh Introduce personification, rhyme scheme, imagery, onomatopoeia,

ƒƒ The sound ow in owl can also be spelled o-u.
ƒƒ Words containing silent consonants
hh The short sound of i can be spelled with a y.
ƒƒ The sound sion in missionary is spelled sion even as a suffix.
ƒƒ The sound ar in stars can be spelled a-r.
hh When c comes before e, i, or y, it says the s sound.
hh When g comes before e, i, or y, it says j.
ƒƒ The sound tion in nation is spelled t-i-o-n.
ƒƒ The spelling o-u-g-h represents many sounds.
ƒƒ The letters a-r at the end of words with two or more syllables says er.
and other literary terms.
ƒƒ Perform before an audience
ƒƒ Recite in unison
ƒƒ Develop appropriate expression and volume
ƒƒ Learn the meanings of new and unfamiliar words
ƒƒ Improve comprehension through discussion
hh Critical thinking questions to stimulate reasoning
hh Discussion Starters to facilitate biblical application
hh Enrichment ideas to generate interest in the message of the poem

Arithmetic
The colorful daily worksheets in Arithmetic 4 provide practice over familiar concepts and Evaluation
new material. The four basic processes are taught and reviewed, as well as multiplying ƒƒ Biweekly quizzes (16)
and dividing by two-digit numbers, estimation, square measures, writing decimals as
ƒƒ Biweekly tests (17)
fractions, and simple geometry. A major emphasis is on working with proper and improper
ƒƒ Daily skills development
fractions; adding, subtracting, and multiplying fractions; and finding the least common
exercises (136)
denominator. Students will continue to solve multi-step word problems which encourage
the application of concepts being learned.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers ƒƒ Basic rules for Roman numerals

ƒƒ Place value: hh More complex rules for forming Roman numerals

ƒƒ Whole numbers to the 100 millions place ƒƒ Number sentences:

hh Decimals to the thousandths place ƒƒ With unknowns
ƒƒ Writing numbers from dictation to the 100 millions place ƒƒ Order of operations (parentheses)
ƒƒ Roman numerals:
ƒƒ Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M Arithmetic cont. p. 73

72
 GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
Numbers cont. hh Fractions:
hh Using cancellation
ƒƒ Even/odd numbers
hh Multiplying fractions with whole and mixed numbers
hh Estimating: product, quotient, ­divisor
hh Estimation of product
Addition
ƒƒ Addition families 1–18: mixed order Division
ƒƒ Timed mastery ƒƒ Division facts: 1–12 tables
ƒƒ Terms: addend, sum ƒƒ Word problems
ƒƒ Missing sign ƒƒ Steps of division
ƒƒ Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient
ƒƒ Word problems
ƒƒ Missing sign
ƒƒ Money
ƒƒ Timed mastery
hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction,
hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining division, multiplication,
multiplication, and division up to 7 numbers
addition, and subtraction up to 7 numbers
ƒƒ Carrying to any position
ƒƒ Divisor: 1 and 2 digits
ƒƒ Checking by addition
ƒƒ Dividends: 2 and 3 digits or more
ƒƒ Addends: column addition
ƒƒ Remainders written as a fraction
ƒƒ Averaging
ƒƒ Checking by multiplication
ƒƒ Fractions:
ƒƒ Money
ƒƒ With common denominators
ƒƒ Averaging
hh With uncommon denominators
ƒƒ Number sentences: with unknowns; order of operations
ƒƒ Measures (parentheses)
hh Decimals
hh Estimating quotients, divisors

Subtraction hh Divisibility rules for dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10

ƒƒ Subtraction families 1–18: mixed order Fractions

ƒƒ Timed mastery ƒƒ Parts of a whole or group
ƒƒ Missing sign ƒƒ Word problems
hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, addition, ƒƒ Timed mastery
multiplication, and division up to 7 numbers ƒƒ Terms: numerator, denominator
ƒƒ Word problems ƒƒ Number words
ƒƒ Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference ƒƒ Reading and writing fractions
ƒƒ Borrowing from a whole number or zero in any position ƒƒ Number line
ƒƒ Money and measures ƒƒ Types:
ƒƒ Number sentences: with unknowns, order of operations ƒƒ Proper, mixed, improper
ƒƒ Checking by addition hh Write as whole or mixed number
ƒƒ Fractions: ƒƒ Reducing:
ƒƒ With common denominators ƒƒ Finding least common d­ enom­inator
hh With uncommon denominators ƒƒ Answers to lowest terms using greatest common factor
hh Decimals ƒƒ Addition:
Multiplication ƒƒ With common denomi­nators
hh With uncommon denomi­nators
ƒƒ Multiplication facts: 0–12 tables
ƒƒ Word problems ƒƒ Subtraction:
hh With common and uncommon denomi­nators
ƒƒ Timed mastery
hh With borrowing
ƒƒ Terms: factor, product, ­partial product
hh Multiplication:
ƒƒ Missing sign
hh Using cancellation
hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining ­multiplication,
division, addition and subtraction up to 7 numbers hh With whole or mixed numbers

ƒƒ Multiplying with: ƒƒ Equivalent fractions

ƒƒ 1 or 2 digits Decimals
hh 3 digits
ƒƒ Money
ƒƒ Carrying hh Decimal point
ƒƒ Checking by reversing factors hh Reading and writing: writing a decimal as a fraction
ƒƒ Number sentences: with unknowns, order of operations
ƒƒ Place value to the tenths, hundredths, thousandths places
(parentheses)
hh Addition and subtraction
ƒƒ Money
hh Factors: Problem Solving & Applications
hh Factoring ƒƒ Word Problems:
hh Finding common factors and greatest common factor ƒƒ Steps of problem-solving process
ƒƒ Addition, subtraction

Arithmetic cont. p. 74

73
GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
Problem Solving & Applications cont. hh Decagram, hectogram

ƒƒ Multiplication, division ƒƒ Kilogram

ƒƒ Fractions, money, measures ƒƒ Capacity:
ƒƒ Finding averages ƒƒ English:
hh Decimals hh Fluid ounce

ƒƒ Geometry: area, perimeter using formulas ƒƒ Cup, pint, quart, gallon

ƒƒ Graphs, clue words ƒƒ Peck, bushel
hh Teaspoon, tablespoon
ƒƒ 1, 2, and 3 steps
ƒƒ Mixed operations ƒƒ Metric:
hh Milliliter, centiliter, deciliter
ƒƒ Estimating answers
hh Applications for broader and deeper understanding of concepts:
ƒƒ Liter
fractions, length, weight, graphs, ­geometry hh Decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter
ƒƒ Ordering measures least to greatest
Time ƒƒ Converting from one m ­ easure to another within same system
ƒƒ Table of time:
ƒƒ Subtracting unlike measures within same system
ƒƒ Second, minute, hour, day
hh Square measures: square inches, feet, and yards
ƒƒ Week, year, leap year
hh Metric prefixes: milli-, centi-, deci-, deca-, hecto-, kilo-
hh Decade, score, century, millennium
hh Timed mastery
Money
ƒƒ Know values of all coins
Graphing, Statistics & Probability
ƒƒ Statistics: averaging
ƒƒ Recognize symbols: $ (dollar sign) and . (decimal point)
ƒƒ Graphs:
ƒƒ Money problems with mixed operations
ƒƒ Making change ƒƒ Pictographs, bar graphs, scale drawings, line graphs
hh Counting back change
ƒƒ Reading and completing
ƒƒ Finding distance on scale drawings
Measures
ƒƒ Temperature: Geometry
ƒƒ Reading and writing ƒƒ Plane figures:
ƒƒ Terms: degrees hh Simple closed curve, p­ olygon
ƒƒ Celsius and Fahrenheit: ƒƒ Quadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus,
ƒƒ Determining if a Celsius temperature is cold or hot trapezoid
ƒƒ Freezing and boiling points of water ƒƒ Triangle
ƒƒ Normal body temperature ƒƒ Angles:
ƒƒ Length: ƒƒ Right
ƒƒ English: inch, foot, yard, mile hh Congruent

ƒƒ Metric: hh Lines:

hh Millimeter hh Line segment, line, ray

ƒƒ Centimeter hh Intersecting lines

hh Decimeter hh Terms: point, perpendicular, parallel

ƒƒ Meter hh Perimeter of a polygon: formulas for rectangle, square

hh Decameter, hectometer, k ­ ilometer hh Recognize models and symbols:

ƒƒ Weight: hh• (point); — (line segment)
ƒƒ English: ounce, pound, ton hh ↔ (line); → (ray)
ƒƒ Metric: hh< (angle)
hh Milligram, centigram hh Concept of area: finding area of rectangle, square
hh Decigram
ƒƒ Gram
Pre-Algebra
ƒƒ Finding the unknown number in an equation

74
 GRADE 4

History & Geography

The History of Our United States is a high-interest, inspiring, narrative approach to American history. The lively writing
style and outstanding visual features make the student’s first formal study of United States history a positive, enjoyable
experience. As they learn how the United States of America came to be a nation, who its famous people have been, and
what important events have taken place in its history, students learn to love, respect, defend, and protect their native
land. Through this study of American history, students are given ideals to reach for and aspirations to follow.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Chapters include:
ƒƒ Important new words, names, places,
and dates
ƒƒ Maps (14) and time lines (9) of impor-
tant dates of events
ƒƒ Comprehension checks (53)
ƒƒ Chapter checkups (18)
ƒƒ Special feature boxes with in-depth ƒƒ Printed quizzes (29)
study (15): ƒƒ Homework quizzes (4)
ƒƒ Important U.S. leaders, inventors, and ƒƒ Tests (10)
missionaries ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (4)
ƒƒ Interesting facts of the events in U.S. history
ƒƒ My State Notebook for individual state study
ƒƒ Map Study Skills worksheets (47)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

U.S. History Study ƒƒ The Great Awakening:

ƒƒ Years of discovery: hh Revival, Jonathan Edwards, John Wesley, George Whitefield,

ƒƒ Europe explores New World David Brainerd

ƒƒ North America claimed for England ƒƒ French & Indian War:
ƒƒ Years of exploration: ƒƒ George Washington: officer in colonial army
hh Spain: conquest of Mexico, De Soto discovers Mississippi hh General Edward Braddock: commander of English army

hh France: Cartier explores New World, first French settlement in New hh New France: land French claimed in New World

World ƒƒ American War for Independence:

hh England: Drake the Dragon, “sea dogs” ƒƒ Colonists demand their rights as Englishmen:
ƒƒ First Americans: ƒƒ Stamp Act, King George III
ƒƒ Differences in American Indian homes, transportation, games ƒƒ Representatives, taxes
hh Missionaries to American Indians: John Eliot, Roger Williams, John ƒƒ Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party
Wesley ƒƒ The war begins:
hh Sequoya, Jim Thorpe ƒƒ First Continental Congress: decision to boycott English goods
ƒƒ English come to America: ƒƒ “Minutemen”
hh Roanoke, the lost colony ƒƒ Paul Revere
ƒƒ Jamestown: first lasting colony ƒƒ Patrick Henry, patriots, Loyalists, Tories
ƒƒ The Pilgrims: lovers of religious freedom ƒƒ Lexington, Concord
ƒƒ New England Colonies: ƒƒ The American colonies fight for independence:
hh Massachusetts Bay Colony: Puritans, religious freedom for some ƒƒ Second Continental Congress: decision to write Declaration
hh Rhode Island: religious freedom for all of ­Independence
hh New Hampshire: John Mason hh Battle of Bunker Hill

hh Connecticut: Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut hh Ethan Allen, Green Mountain Boys, Hessians

ƒƒ Middle and Southern Colonies: ƒƒ Declaration of Independence is written:

ƒƒ Who settled them: ƒƒ Thomas Jefferson
hh New York: Dutch, French, British ƒƒ John Hancock: President of Second Continental Congress
hh Delaware: Dutch, Swedish, English ƒƒ The war continues:
hh New Jersey: Dutch, English ƒƒ General George Washington: became commander in chief of
ƒƒ Pennsylvania: colonial army
hh Swedish hh Nathan Hale, Betsy Ross

ƒƒ Quakers, William Penn hh America wins its freedom:

ƒƒ Virginia: hh Battle of Saratoga

ƒƒ English hh Valley Forge

hh House of ­Burgesses, elected representatives hh John Paul Jones, Lord C­ ornwallis

hh Maryland: Catholic, religious freedom ƒƒ Yorktown
hh The Carolinas: England, Charles Towne, plantations ƒƒ Treaty of Paris
hh Georgia: English, James Oglethorpe ƒƒ Building a new nation:
ƒƒ Colonial life: ƒƒ Articles of Confederation
hh Home: house-raising, homespun clothes ƒƒ Constitutional Convention
ƒƒ Communication: town criers, circuit-riding preachers ƒƒ Constitution of the United States
ƒƒ Education: ƒƒ Congress, Supreme Court
ƒƒ Hornbook, New England Primer hh Bill of Rights, republic

hh Dame school, old-field schools, Harvard ƒƒ George Washington

History & Geography cont. p. 76

75
GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
History & Geography cont.
U.S. History Study cont. ƒƒ Spreading the Gospel:
ƒƒ Washington, D.C.: ƒƒ Billy Sunday
hh Charles Finney, Dwight L. Moody, Adoniram Judson
ƒƒ Benjamin Banneker
hh Steel and oil (ingredients for success): Andrew Carnegie, Sir Henry
ƒƒ Our nation grows:
Bessemer, John D. Rockefeller, Standard Oil
ƒƒ America pushes farther west:
ƒƒ Inventions (new ways to do things):
ƒƒ Daniel Boone, Wilderness Road, Kentucky
ƒƒ Pony Express
hh Northwest Territory
hh Steamboat, telegraph, Morse code, telephone
hh Land Ordinance of 1785
hh Northwest Ordinance of 1787
ƒƒ Thomas Edison
ƒƒ United States doubles its size—Louisiana Purchase: ƒƒ Assembly line
ƒƒ Captain Meriwether Lewis, Captain William Clark ƒƒ Orville and Wilbur Wright
ƒƒ Beyond our boundaries:
ƒƒ War of 1812:
hh Alaska: Russian America, William H. Seward, territory, gold
hh Napoleon Bonaparte
hh Hawaii: Captain James Cook
ƒƒ Francis Scott Key
ƒƒ Spanish-American War: Cuba, Theodore Roosevelt, Rough Riders,
ƒƒ Fort McHenry
San Juan Hill, Guam, Puerto Rico
ƒƒ “The Star-Spangled Banner”
hh Panama Canal: Isthmus of Panama
hh The purchase of Florida: James Monroe
ƒƒ The World Wars:
hh The Second Great Awakening:
hh World War I (1914–1918):
hh Francis Asbury
hh Allied Powers, Central Powers, neutral nations
ƒƒ Circuit-riding p­ reachers; Peter Cartwright
hh Archduke Ferdinand, President Woodrow Wilson
hh The U.S. gains the Southwest:
hh German U-Boats, Lusitania, Zimmermann Note
ƒƒ Alamo, Santa Anna
hh League of Nations
ƒƒ Davy Crockett, General Sam Houston
hh Between the World Wars: Roaring Twenties, Great Depression,
hh War with Mexico, Mexican Cession, Gadsden Purchase
­dictators arise
hh The great Gold Rush to California: John Sutter, “forty-niners,”
ƒƒ World War II (1939–1945): Poland, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Axis Powers,
­statehood Allies, Pearl Harbor, V-E Day, atomic bomb, concentration camps
hh Oregon Territory: Oregon Trail, Marcus and Narcissa Whitman
hh Continuing World Problems: United Nations, Harry S. Truman,
ƒƒ New schools and schoolbooks: ­Communism, Berlin Wall, Korean War
ƒƒ Noah Webster ƒƒ Time for freedom and responsibility:
hh William H. McGuffey ƒƒ Freedom and opportunity for all Americans:
ƒƒ The Civil War: hh Brown v. Board of Education
ƒƒ Before the war: ƒƒ Martin Luther King, Jr.
ƒƒ North and South differ on slavery ƒƒ Civil Rights Act of 1964
ƒƒ Abraham Lincoln: President of Union ƒƒ Enjoying America’s freedoms: Dwight D. Eisenhower, Interstate
Jefferson Davis: President of Confederate States Highway System, beginning space program
hh Eli Whitney and cotton gin hh Preserving freedom: Cold War, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson,
ƒƒ Free states, slave states Vietnam War, Richard Nixon
hh Missouri Compromise hh Return to patriotism and family values: Ronald Reagan, Reagan
ƒƒ Civil War: Doctrine, Grenada
hh Fort Sumter, blockade hh Supreme Court’s influence: Sandra Day O’Connor; Clarence Thomas;
hh Merrimac and Monitor John G. Roberts, Jr.
ƒƒ Emancipation Proclamation hh Times of testing:

ƒƒ Ulysses S. Grant, Robert E. Lee ƒƒ Saddam Hussein, Iraq, Kuwait

ƒƒ Battle of Gettysburg, Gettysburg Address hh President George Bush, Operation Desert Storm, Bill Clinton

ƒƒ Appomattox Court House, Virginia ƒƒ Terrorism, Osama bin Laden, “War on Terror”
ƒƒ After the war: hh Operation Iraqi Freedom

ƒƒ John Wilkes Booth: shot President Lincoln ƒƒ Hurricane Katrina

hh Andrew Johnson: President after Lincoln died
ƒƒ New frontiers:
Memory Work
hh 6 documents:
ƒƒ Rebuilding the South: Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Institute,
hh The American’s Creed
George Washington Carver
hh Portion of The Declaration of Independence
ƒƒ The last frontier:
hh Preamble to the Constitution
ƒƒ Cowboys, Indians, farmers, reservations
hh First Amendment to the C
­ onstitution
ƒƒ Transcontinental railroad, Union Pacific Company, ­Central
hh The Rights of Americans
Pacific Company
hh Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
ƒƒ Promontory Point, Utah; Homestead Act; Oklahoma Land Rush
hh Cyrus McCormick
ƒƒ States
hh Capitals
ƒƒ Age of progress:
hh 44 U.S. Presidents
ƒƒ A growing nation: immigrants

History & Geography cont. p. 77

76
 GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
History & Geography cont.
State History Study ƒƒ North America:
hh 6 weeks of lessons including the following information: ƒƒ Great Lakes
hh Political and physical maps, flower, motto, bird, song, tree, flag, hh Seas, bays, gulfs, rivers

­nickname, timeline, early settlement, hh Countries

hh Historical figures, landmarks, government, regions, weather, ƒƒ Mountains

i­ndustries, state capital, my city, citizens, my county, wildlife, plant hh Geographical terms: source and mouth of river, delta, channel,
life, sports, vacation spots canal, desert, oasis, downstream, upstream, sea level, altitude, moun-
tain, valley
Geography Study hh Atlas, physical and political maps
ƒƒ Globes, maps, map key, map grid, distance scale, compass rose ƒƒ U.S. maps:
ƒƒ Cardinal and intermediate directions ƒƒ States
ƒƒ Western and Eastern Hemispheres hh Capitals
ƒƒ Continents and oceans ƒƒ 13 original colonies; U.S. expansion
ƒƒ Equator

Science
Understanding God’s World fascinates elementary students from the very begin- Additional Helps
ning by presenting things that they can see, observe, and understand in the world ƒƒ Additional activities (5)
around them. They learn how to make an insect zoo, how to recognize the plants
ƒƒ CD with 10 related nature stories
they see every day, how to attract birds to their own backyard, how to use field
ƒƒ Suggested DVDs (5)
guides, how to interpret cloud formations, and how to identify rocks. Students learn
to appreciate many aspects of God’s creative genius by studying the miracle of ƒƒ Worksheets in Activity Book (44)
plant germination, the causes of weather, the God-given provisions for life on Evaluation
earth, the design of the starry heavens, and the ecology of the ocean depths.
ƒƒ Printed quizzes (23)
ƒƒ Homework quizzes (3)
ƒƒ Chapter tests (6)
ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (3)
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Science: Let’s Find Out hh Crickets and grasshoppers: incomplete metamorphosis, differences

ƒƒ Learning about science: what a scientist is, what scientists do hh Insects’ defense: fighting, chemical warfare, scare tactics, disguises

ƒƒ Learning how to observe: hh Insects communicate: sight, smell, dancing, touch, sound

hh Observing North American birds and flowers: hh Where insects live: trees, bushes, soil, wood, water

hh State bird project: 25 birds memorized hh Dwellings of social insects: nests, hives, mounds

hh Canadian floral emblems project: hh Jean Henri Fabre: explorer of backyard wonders

hh 13 provincial floral emblems memorized Activities & Demonstrations:

ƒƒ Observing insect life
Insects ƒƒ Growing plants from seeds
ƒƒ Ten million designs: ƒƒ Making an insect zoo
ƒƒ Characteristics:
ƒƒ Invertebrate (has an exoskeleton) Plants
ƒƒ Three body parts: head, thorax, abdomen ƒƒ Designed to produce:
hh Ovipositor ƒƒ Food (photosynthesis), better air
ƒƒ Breathing tubes; spiracles hh Better soil

ƒƒ Insect zoo: hh Needleleaf trees: evergreen, conifers

ƒƒ Making a zoo hh Broadleaf trees and palms: deciduous, state trees

hh Distinguishing butterflies from moths hh Flowers: parts of a flower (sepals, petals, stamens, pistils),

ƒƒ Insect life cycles: pollinators, weeds, daisy (composite) family flowers

hh Seed design: embryo, cotyledon
ƒƒ Complete metamorphosis
hh Law of biogenesis
ƒƒ Traveling seeds: air, wind, water, animals, people
ƒƒ Designer heads: ƒƒ Germination: water, oxygen, right temperature
hh Poisonous plants
hh Antennae with sensilla
ƒƒ Compound and simple eyes ƒƒ Plants: helpful and beautiful
hh Mouth parts
ƒƒ George Washington Carver: the plant doctor
ƒƒ Designed for motion: Activities & Demonstrations:
ƒƒ Legs ƒƒ Observing three parts of a seed in lima beans; observing
hh Types of wings
­germination
hh Migration

Science cont. p. 78

77
GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Birds hh High and low sounds: frequency

ƒƒ Birds in your backyard hh Sounds that bounce back: echoes, ultrasound, sonar

ƒƒ Recognizing birds: appearance, behavior, habitat hh Preserving sound: phonograph, stereo

hh Feeding birds: how, what, when ƒƒ Alexander Graham Bell: ­inventor of the telephone
hh Making birdbaths and birdhouses Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Birds of the forest hh Observing:

ƒƒ Designer birds: various beaks and feet hh How sound travels

ƒƒ Designed for flight: hh Sound vibrations

ƒƒ Bones and feather structure; lift hh Demonstrating:

hh Seeing, hearing hh Frequency

hh Jack Miner Bird Sanctuary hh High and low sounds

Activities & Demonstrations: hh Observing how energy bounces

hh Observing lift hh Hearing the difference in sound

hh Making a birdbath hh Learning some of the signs in the American manual alphabet

hh Building a bird feeder and birdhouse ƒƒ Making a tin-can telephone

Matter: Water, Air & Weather Geology

hh God’s gift of water (clouds): cirrus, cumulus, stratus ƒƒ Our home, the earth:
hh Water for life: ƒƒ Sphere, hemispheres
ƒƒ Water is matter: ƒƒ North Pole, South Pole, equator
hh Molecules and atoms, hydrogen and oxygen ƒƒ Earth’s motion:
ƒƒ Three states of water: water, steam, ice ƒƒ Earth rotates, revolves
ƒƒ Water changes state ƒƒ Seasons
ƒƒ Water’s energy: ƒƒ Oceans and continents:
ƒƒ Energy and force defined ƒƒ Facts about oceans and continents
hh Potential energy, moving energy ƒƒ Earth, a magnet
ƒƒ The atmosphere (an ocean of air): ƒƒ Soil’s ingredients:
ƒƒ Gases: oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitrogen ƒƒ Humus
ƒƒ Layers of air ƒƒ Minerals
ƒƒ Air’s weight and pressure ƒƒ Layers of soil: topsoil, subsoil
ƒƒ Wind (moving air): ƒƒ The earth’s crust
ƒƒ Temperature ƒƒ Water and soil:
hh Pressure, energy ƒƒ Erosion
ƒƒ Water in air: water cycle ƒƒ Conservation
ƒƒ Condensation and precipitation: hh Water as a builder

hh Dew, frost hh Floods

ƒƒ Kinds of precipitation hh Rocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

hh Clouds: types and combination types of clouds Activities & Demonstrations:

ƒƒ Weather forecasting: meteorologist, predicting weather hh Measuring the earth

hh Robert Boyle: father of chemistry hh Looking at the cause of day and night

Activities & Demonstrations: hh Learning why winter is cold

ƒƒ Observing: hh Making crystals, a compass, a rock collection

hh Surface tension and dissolving substances

Oceanography
hh How a water wheel works
ƒƒ Paths of the sea:
hh The weight of air
hh Matthew F. Maury: paths of the sea
hh Air pressure
hh Oceanography
hh The power of moving air
hh Continental shelf and slope: Mariana Trench, fish of the continental
ƒƒ Evaporation shelf
ƒƒ Condensation hh Ocean floor and open ocean: oceanic ridges, seamounts, fish of the
hh Making a water wheel depths, upper-level fish
hh Methods and equipment for exploring the sea: aqualung, submers-
Energy: Sound & Hearing ible, undersea labs
ƒƒ Sounds all around us:
hh The sandy sea: where sand comes from
ƒƒ Vibrations, sound waves
hh Salt and waves: properties and benefits of salt water
hh Speed of sound
hh Giants of the sea:
hh Making sound: larynx, vocal cords
hh Marine mammals: baleen whales, toothed whales
ƒƒ Receiving sound:
hh Three invertebrates: octopus, squid, jellyfish
ƒƒ Parts of the ear
hh Hearing aids, animal ears

Science cont. p. 79

78
 GRADE 4
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Oceanography cont. ƒƒ Sun’s energy and gravity
Activities & Demonstrations: ƒƒ The moon (the lesser light):
hh Making currents
ƒƒ Our nearest neighbor
hh Apollo 11
hh Observing water pressure
hh Seeing the difference in the density of salt water and fresh water
ƒƒ A natural satellite
hh Observing how salt water freezes at lower temperatures
ƒƒ A reflector
hh Learning about jet propulsion
ƒƒ The origin of the universe:
hh Can’t be proved by science
Astronomy ƒƒ God created
ƒƒ Wonders of the night sky: our galaxy, our solar system, planet names hh Explained in the Bible; we accept by faith
ƒƒ Seasons, days, and years: Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Weeks; astronomy, astrology hh Showing how sunlight affects starlight in the daytime
ƒƒ Pictures in the sky: constellations hh Showing how light is absorbed and reflected
ƒƒ The sun (the greater light): hh Making a star viewer
ƒƒ Distance from the earth

Health Additional Helps

ƒƒ Chapter content review sheets (2)
Developing Good Health begins with a unit on physical fitness and emphasizes
ƒƒ Anatomy worksheets (5)
the skeletal, muscular, and respiratory systems. Practical instruction regarding
personal hygiene follows a study of the teeth and skin. A chapter on interper- ƒƒ Physical fitness exercises (11)
sonal relationships teaches students how to have a right relationship with God ƒƒ Demonstration to illustrate how acid
and with others, stressing the necessity of maintaining close family relationships attacks teeth
and the importance of choosing the right friends. ƒƒ Review games (5)
Evaluation
ƒƒ Printed quizzes (9)
ƒƒ Homework quizzes (2)
ƒƒ Tests (3)
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Physical Fitness hh Nose:

hh Functions as an air conditioner
ƒƒ Skeletal system:
hh Mucus membrane, sinuses, cilia, sinusitis
ƒƒ Identify:
hh Fight infection: adenoids, tonsils
ƒƒ Bones, ligaments
hh Identify parts of the respiratory system:
hh Hinge, ball-and-socket, pivot joints
hh Pharynx, epiglottis, trachea, larynx
hh Cranium, carpals, metacarpals
hh Bronchi, bronchial tubes, bronchioles, alveoli
ƒƒ Build strong bones: nutrients
ƒƒ Correct posture: ƒƒ Diaphragm
hh Lung cancer
ƒƒ Sitting, standing
hh Aerobic exercise: benefits, requirements, good sportsmanship,
ƒƒ Walking: roll heel to toe
­preventing injuries
ƒƒ Bending, lifting
ƒƒ Muscular system: Personal Hygiene
hh Identify skeletal muscles: ƒƒ Teeth:
hh Frontalis, masseters, trapezius, quadriceps, hamstrings ƒƒ Function:
ƒƒ Biceps, triceps, trapezius, abdominal muscles hh Appearance, speech

ƒƒ Skeletal muscles: work in pairs ƒƒ Digestion: saliva

ƒƒ Muscles: work by pulling only ƒƒ Structure of a tooth: enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, periodontal
ƒƒ Involuntary muscles: cardiac muscle membrane
ƒƒ Exercise: ƒƒ Plaque control:
ƒƒ Benefits of endurance exercises ƒƒ Acid
hh Terms: cramp, strain, aerobic, muscle tone hh Dental caries; forms of sugar

hh Calisthenics ƒƒ Keep teeth strong and healthy:

hh Isometric exercises ƒƒ Brushing, fluoride toothpaste, flossing
hh Respiratory system: hh Results of poor oral hygiene: halitosis, calculus, periodontal

hh Process of external respiration:

­disease, malocclusion
hh Treatment of injured teeth
hh Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Health cont. p. 80

79
GRADE 4

Health cont.
Body’s Cover hh Producing vitamin D

ƒƒ Three layers of skin: hh Gathering information

ƒƒ Epidermis: callus, pigments, melanin, ultraviolet rays, ­albinos hh Proper skin care: nutrition, rest, exercise, water, sunscreen

ƒƒ Dermis: sebaceous glands, sebum, sweat glands Keys to Good Grooming

hh Subcutaneous layer ƒƒ Good hygiene for the skin:
hh Signs of infection hh Care for fingernails and toenails
ƒƒ Structure of hair: hair follicles ƒƒ Clean clothes and appropriate dress
hh Burns and how to treat them ƒƒ Keeping the home clean
ƒƒ Functions of the skin:
ƒƒ Controlling temperature
Right Relationships
ƒƒ Receiving everlasting life
hh Keeping out bacteria
ƒƒ Having healthy relationships with God and others

Bible
Life of Christ Using the foundation that has been laid from preschool to third grade, fourth graders revisit Evaluation
Jesus
Series 4

Later Ministry
of
familiar books of the Bible to make deeper personal applications. Through the study of ƒƒ Graded memory
Flash-a-Card
Creation, students will see how sin entered the world, leaving man in desperate need for a verse passages (8)
Savior. The study of the triumphs and failures of men like Noah, Abraham, Jacob, and Joseph ƒƒ Content quizzes (12)
will give students the opportunity to strengthen their biblical worldview and build their faith
through personal application of the Bible. Through the Gospels, the lessons from Jesus’ birth,
His miracles, and His death, burial, and resurrection will provide the opportunity to accept the
7 Lessons • 37 Cards
1 Jesus Stills the Storm
2 Transfiguration
3 Jesus and the Lepers
free gift of salvation or develop a deeper appreciation for that gift. Students will also see how
the message of salvation spread throughout the world through the three missionary journeys
4 Lazarus and the Rich Man
5 Rich Young Ruler
6 Zacchaeus
7 Friends at Bethany
Lesson Guide Included
Jesus Stills the Storm
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35906801
abeka.com

of Paul. Biblical worldview truths from these lessons are naturally highlighted in the corre-
lated songs, verses, and doctrinal truths. The Bible 4 Journal gives students the opportunity
to move from knowledge to application as they read the Bible passages for themselves,
´DeK•¨
answer questions, record personal thoughts, and put into action the lessons learned.
366943

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 405 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Memory Work

ƒƒ Salvation Series (5 lessons) hh New passages (11) containing 60 verses
ƒƒ Genesis Series (21): Creation, Adam, Cain; Enoch, Noah, Babel; ƒƒ Review verses (74)
Abraham and Isaac; Jacob; Joseph hh Books of the Bible, sword drills
ƒƒ The First Thanksgiving
Doctrinal Drill 70 questions/answers
ƒƒ Life of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early Ministry
ƒƒ Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,
of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus; Crucifixion
salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation
and Resurrection
hh 8 questions with verses to m
­ emorize as answers
ƒƒ Life of Paul Series 1 and 2 (14)
Prayer Time
Music 36 songs ƒƒ Learn to pray with thanks­giving for each other, our nation, those in
ƒƒ Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, patriotic songs including: authority over us
hh 13 new hymns and songs; 11 new choruses
Sword Drills
Bible 4 Journal ƒƒ 88 Old and New Testament references to find
hh Personal application of the Bible lessons hh Three sections of references to choose from—weekly, themed,
hh Discussion/questions strengthen biblical worldview special events

80
 GRADE 4

Music
American music reflects the spirit and strength of its people, telling the history of our country’s struggle
for independence, growth, and expansion. America’s rich, colorful legacy is essential to a child’s edu-
cation. Songs We Enjoy 4 brings together traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun selections that students
have enjoyed singing for generations. The sing-along CD makes song time enjoyable for the students
and easy for the teacher.

Granddad Owl
and Bessie

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 66 songs ƒƒ Echo sing parts

ƒƒ Follow a song leader while singing with class or CD ƒƒ Use dynamic contrast in music
hh Define and explain 22 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyrics ƒƒ Improve coordination skills through motion songs
ƒƒ Aid in understanding a song’s message hh Learn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana music

hh Count a steady rhythm in songs

Variety of Songs to Memorize
ƒƒ Enunciate silly words ƒƒ Folk, fun, patriotic, spirituals and hymns, holiday, ­Americana, songs
hh Sing a two-part canon and rounds of 3 or more parts at sea

Arts & Crafts

In Art A, students practice the fundamental principles of color and perspective using basic drawing, color-
ing, and painting techniques with colored pencils and watercolors. A decorative calendar begins each
monthly selection, and suggestions for interesting variations and further practice stimulate creativity. This
art book has been carefully organized and illustrated so that students may work in them independently or
as a class.

Concept Development 39 projects Technique Development

ƒƒ Primary and secondary colors (14) ƒƒ Drawing: template, freehand, animation (8)
ƒƒ Intermediate colors (4) ƒƒ Modeling (7)
ƒƒ Complementary colors (6) ƒƒ Painting: wash (2)
ƒƒ Neutral and analogous colors (5) ƒƒ Texture, weaving (4)
ƒƒ Colors of spectrum (3); color wheel (10) ƒƒ Paper curling, folding, and shaping (6)
ƒƒ Perspective (3) ƒƒ Duplicating (1)
ƒƒ Proportion (2)
ƒƒ Motion lines (2)
ƒƒ Translucent and cut-paper sculpture (3)
ƒƒ Lettering (13)

81
GRADE 5

Language Arts: Reading

Fifth graders will travel to other lands, other times, or just around the block while reading the character-
building stories in their three readers. While reading classic stories of foreign lands, other time periods,
great achievers, inventors, and men and women who made America great, young readers are introduced
to a variety of literature and provided with a rich literary heritage.
A Christian fiction novel and a biographical novel will be used for language book reports. Two speed and
comprehension readers will whet students’ appetites for a wider range of reading, while they challenge
each student to learn how to read quickly for information, with a strong emphasis on comprehension.

Literary Value Materials Evaluation

ƒƒ 125 authors, including well-known
writers such as Louisa May Alcott,
Frances Hodgson Burnett, Beverly
Cleary, Rudyard Kipling, and Mark
Twain
ƒƒ Character-building themes such as
bravery, charity, compassion, con-
tentment, determination, duty, faith,
teamwork, and forgiveness
ƒƒ Readers (3) containing: ƒƒ Weekly oral reading grade
ƒƒ Short stories (97) ƒƒ Speed and comprehension
ƒƒ Poems (62), plays (2), songs (4) quizzes (73) for timed silent reading
exercises and stories
ƒƒ Scripture selections (4)
ƒƒ Weekly vocabulary comprehension
ƒƒ Christian fiction novel (1)
quizzes (33)
ƒƒ Biographical novel (1)
ƒƒ Speed and comprehension readers (2):
ƒƒ Read & Comprehend 5 Skill Sheets (42)
ƒƒ Adventures in Nature exercises (31)

Reading Skills Development Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis

ƒƒ Strive for increased: Skills Development
ƒƒ Accuracy, fluency, phrasing ƒƒ Answer factual and interpretive questions for most stories and
ƒƒ Good expression, comprehension poems
ƒƒ Improvement of flow ƒƒ Answer inferential comprehension and discussion questions
ƒƒ Ability to follow along and comprehend as others read orally ƒƒ Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and
effect, and draw conclusions
ƒƒ Vocabulary development through words and definitions included
in readers ƒƒ Determine main characters, theme, climax, and turning point
ƒƒ Pace and comprehension while reading silently
ƒƒ Ability to read poetry correctly

Language Arts: Language

As well as providing a thorough review of capitalization, punctuation, and the parts of speech, God’s Gift
of Language B deepens students’ knowledge of grammar and increases their writing skills. Students will be
introduced to the four main types of complements and to additional rules for punctuation. They will learn
how to diagram prepositional phrases and complements. Students’ writing skills will improve as they learn
how to write effective topic sentences and paragraphs and how to use transitional words.
Skills learned in outlining, note taking, and preparing a bibliography will aid fifth graders in writing an ency-
clopedia report and a library research report.

Evaluation
ƒƒ Quizzes from quiz/test book (12)
ƒƒ Exercises from student book
(9; each counts as a quiz grade)
ƒƒ Tests from quiz/test book (11)
ƒƒ Encyclopedia report (counts as test grade)
ƒƒ Library research report (counts as 2 test grades)
ƒƒ 7 graded book reports:
ƒƒ Short format (2; each counts as 2 quiz grades)
ƒƒ Long format (3; each counts as test grade)
ƒƒ Oral (2; each counts as test grade)

Language cont. p. 83

82
 GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Language cont.
Grammar ƒƒ Indentify four types of sentences: declarative, imperative,
­interrogative, exclamatory
ƒƒ Capitalization:
ƒƒ Recognize simple and compound sentences
ƒƒ First word in every line of poetry, every sentence, and direct quota-
tions hh Diagram compound sentences

ƒƒ Pronoun I ƒƒ Correct run-on sentences and fragments

ƒƒ Proper nouns: hh Identify complements: direct objects, indirect objects, predicate
nominatives, predicate adjectives, objects of preposition
ƒƒ Names, initials
hh Avoid wordiness
hh Nationalities, races, religions
hh Find the subject and verb:
ƒƒ Days, holidays, months
hh Inverted order (interrogative sentences)
hh Historical events or periods, organizations, businesses, ships,
awards hh There and other words when beginning the sentence

ƒƒ Other particular nouns ƒƒ Parts of speech:

ƒƒ Geographical locations: streets, cities, states; regions of the ƒƒ Recognize and diagram all eight parts of speech:
­country or world; countries, continents ƒƒ Noun as subject
ƒƒ Geographical features hh Noun as predicate nominative, direct object, indirect object,

hh Recreational areas, planets and object of the preposition

hh Proper adjectives ƒƒ Verb, pronoun, adjective, adverb
ƒƒ First and last words and all important words in the following titles: hh Preposition

ƒƒ Books, magazines, poems, and stories ƒƒ Conjunction

hh Plays, paintings, and other works of art hh Interjection

ƒƒ Title of person before a name ƒƒ Verbs:

hh Titles used instead of a name in direct address ƒƒ Action, state of being, helping
ƒƒ Nouns referring to the Bible; nouns and pronouns referring to God hh Linking

ƒƒ Punctuation: ƒƒ Verb phrase

ƒƒ End marks hh Principle parts of verbs

ƒƒ Commas: ƒƒ Spelling rules for verb endings

ƒƒ To separate three or more items in a series hh Irregular forms of principle parts

hh To separate two or more adjectives before a noun ƒƒ Correct and effective verbs
hh Before coordinating conjunctions joining a compound sentence hh Correct use of troublesome verbs: burst, busted; attacked,
attackted; brought, brung; climbed, clumb; drowned, drownded;
ƒƒ To separate items in a date or address
ate, et; eaten, aten; grew, growed; sneaked, snuck; stole, stoled;
ƒƒ After salutation of a friendly letter and closing of any letter
threw, throwed; thought, thunk
ƒƒ After well, yes, no, and why at beginning of sentence
ƒƒ Nouns:
ƒƒ To set off words of direct address, direct quotation
ƒƒ Common, proper, compound, plural
ƒƒ Apostrophes:
ƒƒ Nouns as antecedents, subjects
ƒƒ To form contractions and possessive words
hh Nouns as direct object, indirect object, predicate nominative,
hh To form the plural of letters object of preposition
ƒƒ Colons: ƒƒ Pronouns:
ƒƒ To write time ƒƒ Personal pronouns (subject, object, possessive)
ƒƒ After salutation of business letters hh Compound, interrogative, demonstrative
ƒƒ In Scripture references hh Subject and verb agreement with pronouns
hh Hyphens: to divide a word at end of line ƒƒ Adjectives:
hh Semicolons: to separate simple sentences not joined by conjunc- ƒƒ Proper
tion
hh Adjectives that look like verbs
ƒƒ Underline:
ƒƒ Possessive nouns and pronouns as adjectives
ƒƒ Titles of books, newspapers, ships, plays, sculptures, paintings, and
hh Predicate adjectives
other works of art
hh Distinction between adjectives modifying noun and a
hh Titles of films, planes, trains
compound noun
ƒƒ Quotation marks:
hh Positive, comparative, and superlative degrees
ƒƒ With direct quotations
hh Comparison of irregular adjectives
ƒƒ With titles of short stories, poems, songs, chapters, articles, other
parts of books, magazines, and newspapers
ƒƒ The sentence:
ƒƒ Know definitions of sentence, subject, predicate
ƒƒ Find subjects and verbs: compound, simple

Language cont. p. 84

83
GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Language cont.
Grammar cont. Composition
ƒƒ Adverbs: hh Write a book report with character sketch using the Writing Process
ƒƒ Know adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs ƒƒ Use a checklist for book reports
ƒƒ Distinguish adjectives from adverbs ƒƒ Write:
ƒƒ Use modifiers correctly ƒƒ Friendly letters
ƒƒ Use good and well correctly ƒƒ Post cards
ƒƒ Use adverbs and negatives correctly ƒƒ Thank-you notes
hh Compare adverbs hh Paragraphs with a topic sentence
ƒƒ Prepositions: ƒƒ Paragraphs with unity
ƒƒ Prepositional phrase ƒƒ Write with details
ƒƒ Object of preposition hh Write dialogue
hh Adjective or adverb phrase hh Complete creative writing assignments including a poem, narrative,
ƒƒ Preposition or adverb biography, Bible story, dialogue, paragraphs, etc. (8)
hh Diagram prepositional phrases hh Make topical and sentence outlines

ƒƒ Conjunctions: and, but, or, nor, for, yet ƒƒ Use the encyclopedia and Writing Process to write an encyclopedia
ƒƒ Interjections: report: taking notes, writing a rough draft, rewriting
ƒƒ Punctuation ƒƒ Use the Writing Process for a library research report:
hh Make a preliminary outline
hh Diagram
hh Take notes
ƒƒ Word study and diction:
hh Write bibliography cards
ƒƒ Use the best words; use specific words
hh Make a final outline
ƒƒ Understand synonyms, homonyms, and antonyms
hh Write the rough draft, a second rough draft, and the final draft
ƒƒ Use the dictionary
hh Use the thesaurus
ƒƒ Correctly use:
ƒƒ Between, among; can, may; less, fewer
hh Amount, number

Language Arts: Penmanship

Penmanship Mastery II concentrates on what fifth graders need most—practice with Added Enrichment
“trouble-maker” letters. Each week’s lessons provide practice with basic letter size ƒƒ Journal compilation (16)
and formation, correct pen grip, slant, and overall neatness. Students are given the
ƒƒ Creative writing assignments (75)
opportunity to employ their skills through a variety of interesting activities such as
word studies and creative writing exercises. Each week, students will also complete a Evaluation
creative writing assignment, including a biweekly journal entry. ƒƒ Tests (34)
ƒƒ Progress report boxes (32)

Skills Development ƒƒ Correctly write all upper- and lowercase letters and numbers 0–9
ƒƒ Maintain good writing position: ƒƒ Maintain correct letter formation, uniform slant and size, correct
spacing, letters that touch the line, and proper margins for success
ƒƒ Sitting properly in desk
in writing legibly
ƒƒ Holding pencil correctly
ƒƒ Use key strokes: slant, loops, tails, and humps
ƒƒ Slanting paper correctly
ƒƒ Evaluate writing for personal improvement
ƒƒ Write in ink with a relaxed grip and flowing movement
ƒƒ Copy most assignments from print to cursive
ƒƒ Use correct warm-up procedure with slants, ovals, basic letter
ƒƒ Be able to write sentences as dictated
strokes
ƒƒ Write topical journal entries

Penmanship cont. p. 85

84
 GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Penmanship cont.
Skills Development cont. ƒƒ Copy assignments from print to cursive using language skills and
science and geography facts
ƒƒ Creative writing assignments:
hh Complete challenging and fun-filled assignments using poetry,
ƒƒ Match words to definitions or abbreviations (18)
word puzzles, and jokes
ƒƒ Write a paragraph or sentence on a particular topic (16)
ƒƒ Use words beginning with or containing a particular letter (8)
ƒƒ Write a poem, paragraph, or sentence with given words (8)
ƒƒ Classify words by syllables or alphabetical order (8)
ƒƒ Complete a given paragraph or sentence (6)
ƒƒ Correct word usage or spelling (5)
ƒƒ Create tongue twisters or limericks (3)
ƒƒ Form compound words from given parts or new words by adding
prefix or suffix (2)
ƒƒ Word search (1)

Language Arts: Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry

In order to achieve spelling mastery, students must learn how spelling “works.” Spelling, Vocabulary &
Poetry 5 allows students to understand how spelling “works” by teaching them to examine words and apply
spelling and phonics rules. They will also learn the spelling and abbreviation for each book of the Bible and
the difference between pairs of words commonly used as synonyms, antonyms, or homonyms. A variety of
exercises allows fifth graders to recognize misspelled words, practice using spelling and vocabulary words
in sentences, and improve their proofreading skills. Students will enjoy memorizing and reciting the six
character-building poems that have been included in this text.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary:
ƒƒ Spelling lists (34) including a review
list at the end of each 9 weeks:
ƒƒ Spelling words (725)
ƒƒ Vocabulary words (300)
ƒƒ Organized by topic (29)
ƒƒ Practice exercises (68) including
cumulative review of vocabulary
words and definitions
ƒƒ Spelling games (19)
ƒƒ Pronunciation key
ƒƒ Spelling rules in text for quick
­reference
ƒƒ Teacher resources:
ƒƒ Sentence bank
ƒƒ Practical spelling tips and
suggestions
ƒƒ Poetry: ƒƒ Spelling tests (34)
ƒƒ Poem introductions include: discussion
ideas, some historical content, and infor-
mation about the author
ƒƒ CD included to help with interpretation
ƒƒ Vocabulary words and definitions with
each poem

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development hh Learn the spelling and abbreviation for each book of the Bible

hh Master spelling and vocabulary lists including: hh Distinguish between pairs of words commonly used as synonyms,
antonyms, or homonyms
hh Vocabulary words and definitions
ƒƒ Learn spelling rules:
hh Synonyms and homonyms
ƒƒ Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like a
hh Antonyms
ƒƒ Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a
ƒƒ Use vocabulary words in proper context
vowel
ƒƒ Memorize vocabulary definitions
ƒƒ Know when to change y to i when adding suffixes
ƒƒ Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary
ƒƒ Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel
words
hh Learn:
ƒƒ Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words
hh Exceptions to the final e rule
ƒƒ Proofread for spelling errors: recognize misspelled words in pairs,
lists, and sentences hh Words that follow no spelling pattern

ƒƒ Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed hh How to choose the correct ending for spelling words with sound-

oral practice and independent written practice alike suffixes

ƒƒ Learn background information on some spelling and vocabulary words hh Rules for standard plural nouns
hh Compound words and words with hyphens

Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry cont. p. 86

85
GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry cont.
Poetry Skills Development ƒƒ Learn definitions and use of unfamiliar words
hh Memorize 5 lyrical poems and 1 hymn ƒƒ Improve comprehension of emotion and content
ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry ƒƒ Develop mental visualization of the poem
ƒƒ Perform in front of an audience ƒƒ Discuss meaning and purpose of each poem
ƒƒ Recite in unison ƒƒ Use proper observation of punctuation
ƒƒ Develop appropriate expression and volume

Arithmetic
An information box, abundant practice of new and review concepts and Evaluation
facts, and daily word problems are key features of Arithmetic 5. Problem- ƒƒ Biweekly tests (17)
solving strategies are scattered throughout the text to help students
ƒƒ Biweekly quizzes (17)
acquire the skills necessary to be expert problem solvers. Emphasis is
ƒƒ Daily skills development exercises (135)
placed on topics such as whole numbers, fractions, decimals, measure-
ment and algebraic equations, and basic geometric problems.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers ƒƒ Checking by:

ƒƒ Place value: ƒƒ Addition
hh Whole numbers to the 100 billions’ place hh Casting out 9s

ƒƒ Decimals to the thousandths’ place ƒƒ Addends: column addition

ƒƒ Counting sequences ƒƒ Averaging
hh Writing numbers from dictation to the 100 billions’ place ƒƒ Fractions with common and uncommon ­denominators
ƒƒ Roman numerals: ƒƒ Measures
ƒƒ Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M hh Decimals with annexing zeros

ƒƒ Basic rules for Roman numerals Subtraction

ƒƒ More complex rules for forming Roman numerals: ƒƒ Subtraction families 1–18 in mixed order
hh Subtract a numeral only from the next two greater numerals
ƒƒ Timed mastery
hh Terms: notation, numeration
ƒƒ Missing sign
ƒƒ Comparing hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, ­addition,
ƒƒ Recognize symbols: multiplication, and division up to 13 numbers
ƒƒ> (greater than); < (less than) ƒƒ Word problems
hh ≠ (unequal) ƒƒ Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference
hh Rounding: whole numbers, money, deci­mals, timed mastery ƒƒ Borrowing from any position
ƒƒ Number sentences: greater or less than ƒƒ Money
ƒƒ Estimating: ƒƒ Checking by addition
hh Sum, difference ƒƒ Fractions with common  and uncommon denominators
ƒƒ Product, quotient ƒƒ Measures
Addition hh Decimals with annexing zeros
ƒƒ Number sentences: greater or less than
ƒƒ Addition families 1–18 in mixed order
ƒƒ Timed mastery Multiplication
ƒƒ Terms: addend, sum ƒƒ Multiplication facts: 0–12 tables
ƒƒ Missing sign ƒƒ Word problems
ƒƒ Word problems ƒƒ Timed mastery
ƒƒ Money ƒƒ Terms: factors, product, partial products
hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction, ƒƒ Missing sign
multiplication, and division up to 13 numbers hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication, division,
ƒƒ Carrying to any position addition, and subtraction up to 13 numbers

Arithmetic cont. p. 87

86
 GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
Multiplication cont. Fractions
ƒƒ Multiplying with up to 3-digit multiplier (factor) ƒƒ Parts of a whole or group
ƒƒ Carrying hh Word problems: a broader and deeper understanding of concepts
hh Checking by: ƒƒ Timed mastery
hh Reversing factors ƒƒ Terms: numerator, denominator
hh Casting out 9s ƒƒ Number words
ƒƒ Money ƒƒ Types:
ƒƒ Factors: ƒƒ Proper, mixed, improper
ƒƒ Factoring ƒƒ Change to mixed or whole number
ƒƒ Finding common and greatest common factor ƒƒ Reducing:
ƒƒ Fractions: ƒƒ Finding least common denominator
ƒƒ Using cancellation ƒƒ Answers reduced to lowest terms
ƒƒ Multiplying: ƒƒ Number line
ƒƒ Fractions with whole or mixed numbers ƒƒ Addition with common  or  uncommon denominators
hh Fractions with 2 mixed numbers ƒƒ Subtraction:
hh Decimals: ƒƒ With common or uncommon denominators
hh Multiplied by whole numbers ƒƒ With borrowing
hh Multiplied by another decimal ƒƒ Multiplication:
hh Annexing zeros in multiplication ƒƒ Using cancellation
ƒƒ Number sentences: greater or less than ƒƒ Multiplying a fraction with a whole or mixed number
hh By powers of ten hh Multiplying 2 mixed numbers
ƒƒ Equivalent fractions
Division hh Division:
ƒƒ Division facts: 1–12 tables
hh Whole or mixed number by a fraction
ƒƒ Word problems
hh Fraction by a fraction
ƒƒ Steps of division
hh Fraction or a mixed number by a whole number
ƒƒ Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient
hh By a mixed number
ƒƒ Missing sign
hh Changing fractions to decimals and decimals to ­fractions
ƒƒ Timed mastery
hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining division, multiplication, Decimals
addition, and subtraction up to 13 numbers ƒƒ Money
ƒƒ Divisor: ƒƒ Reading and writing:
ƒƒ 1 or 2 digits hh Writing fraction as a decimal
hh 3 digits ƒƒ Writing decimal as a fraction
ƒƒ Dividends up to 6 digits ƒƒ Place value to the thousandths’ place
ƒƒ Remainders written as fractions hh Addition and subtraction: annexing zeros
ƒƒ Checking by: hh Multiplication:
ƒƒ Multiplication hh By a whole number
hh Casting out 9s hh By another ­decimal
ƒƒ Money hh When zeros are annexed
ƒƒ Averaging hh Division:
ƒƒ Estimating quotients hh Dividing a decimal by a whole number
ƒƒ Divisibility rules: hh Eliminating the decimal point in the divisor
ƒƒ Dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10 hh Annexing zeros to avoid remainders
hh Dividing by 6 hh Comparing and repeating decimals
hh Dividing fractions: hh Rounding
hh Whole or mixed number by a fraction hh Timed mastery
hh Fraction by a fraction hh Changing decimals to fractions or fractions to decimals
hh Fraction or mixed number by a whole number
hh By a mixed number
Problem Solving & Applications
hh Decimals:
ƒƒ Word problems:
hh Dividing a decimal by a whole number
ƒƒ Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, fractions
hh Eliminating the decimal point in the divisor
ƒƒ Money, measures, a ­ verages, decimals
hh Annexing zeros to avoid remainders
ƒƒ Geometry: area, perim­e­ter
ƒƒ Number sentences: greater or less than ƒƒ Graphs
hh Scale drawings, temperature
hh By powers of ten

Arithmetic cont. p. 88

87
GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
Problem Solving & Applications cont. Graphing, Statistics, Probability
ƒƒ Steps of problem-solving process: ƒƒ Statistics: averaging
hh Problems requiring four steps ƒƒ Scale drawing
ƒƒ Mixed operations, estimating answers, eliminating unnecessary ƒƒ Graphs:
facts hh Drawing graphs
hh Writing a number sentence, drawing a model of a problem, using ƒƒ Pictographs, bar, and line graphs
a schedule, estimating money amounts, guessing and checking, hh Column graphs
making an organized list, reading a chart, using educated trial and
hh Identify title, labels, and scale
error
hh Ordered pairs
ƒƒ Applications:
hh Probability ratio
hh Developing a broader and deeper understanding of concepts:
hh Measures, Roman numerals Geometry
hh Fractions, money, decimals ƒƒ Plane figures:
hh Graphs, scale drawings ƒƒ Simple closed figure, polygon
hh Tempera­ture, geometry, place value ƒƒ Quadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, trap-
ezoid
Time hh Pentagon, hexagon, heptagon, octagon
ƒƒ Table of time: second, minute, hour; day, week, year, leap year;
hh Triangle: right, isosceles, equilateral
decade, score, ­century, millennium
ƒƒ Angles:
Money ƒƒ Right, congruent
ƒƒ Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with $ hh Acute, obtuse, straight

hh Estimation ƒƒ Lines:
hh Rounding to nearest cent ƒƒ Line segment, line, ray, intersecting lines
hh Parallel and perpendicular lines
Measures ƒƒ Terms:
ƒƒ Temperature:
ƒƒ Point, plane, congruent
ƒƒ Reading and writing
hh Similar, diagonal
ƒƒ Term: degrees
ƒƒ Perimeter of a polygon
ƒƒ Celsius and Fahrenheit:
ƒƒ Area: formulas for rectangle and square
ƒƒ Freezing and boiling points of water
ƒƒ Recognize models and symbols: • (point); — (line segment);
ƒƒ Normal body temperature ↔ (line); → (ray); ∠ (angle)
hh Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit  and Fahrenheit to Celsius hh Squares and square roots
hh Negative temperatures
ƒƒ Length: Percent, Ratio, Proportion
hh Measuring to 1/8 of an inch hh Introduction to concept

ƒƒ English: inch, foot, yard, mile hh Recognize symbol: % (percent)

ƒƒ Metric: millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, meter, decameter,

hectometer, kilometer
Pre-Algebra
hh Solving equations:
hh Converting kilometers to miles and miles to kilometers
hh 4 new axioms:
ƒƒ Weight:
hh With number and unknown side by side
ƒƒ English: ounce, pound, ton
hh Unknown as numerator and number as denominator
ƒƒ Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram,
hh Negative numbers
­hectogram, kilogram
hh Squares and square roots
ƒƒ Capacity:
hh Exponents, bases, radical signs
ƒƒ English: fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushel, t­ easpoon,
tablespoon hh Order of operations

ƒƒ Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, k

­ iloliter
ƒƒ Ordering measures: least to greatest
ƒƒ Converting measures from one measure to another within same
system
ƒƒ Adding unlike measures within the same system
ƒƒ Subtracting unlike measures within the same system
ƒƒ Square measures:
ƒƒ Square inches, square feet, square yards
hh Acres, square miles
ƒƒ Timed mastery; metric prefixes

88
 GRADE 5

History & Geography

Old World History and Geography presents a fascinating study of the Eastern Hemisphere by geographical
regions starting with the Middle East, where history began. It not only presents the importance of studying
history and the significance of geography, but also describes the beginnings of history from a Christian
perspective. Students are introduced to worldwide missions and missionary heroes, while learning about
the history, geography, and culture of these specific locations: Asia, Africa, Europe, Australia, Oceania, and
Antarctica. They will also study history as it relates to important topics such as creation, evolution, humanism,
government, and nations.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Comprehension checks (69)
ƒƒ Chapter checkups at end of each
chapter (16)
ƒƒ Special feature boxes with in-depth
study of Eastern Hemisphere (36):
ƒƒ Concepts and places of history
ƒƒ Spotlights on events
ƒƒ Animals of the world
ƒƒ Wonders of geography
ƒƒ Important people of history and
missionaries of the world
ƒƒ Maps (43) and important facts about each
continent at beginning of each unit
ƒƒ Worksheets (39): ƒƒ Printed quizzes (36)
ƒƒ Geography facts and review (24) ƒƒ Homework quizzes (6)
ƒƒ Chapter content worksheets (6) ƒƒ Tests (11)
ƒƒ Geography atlas and continent study (6) ƒƒ 9-weeks content and geography
ƒƒ Map skills (3) exams (4)
ƒƒ Nation Notebook optional research project: ƒƒ Atlas, continent, and geography
ƒƒ For nation from Eastern or Western Hemisphere facts memorized and evaluated (36)
ƒƒ Including geography, symbols, way of life, history
ƒƒ Improving skills: organizing time and meeting
deadlines, gathering information, writing reports,
reading maps, mounting and labeling pictures,
making a time line

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

History Study hh Three geographical areas: ­Fertile Crescent, Arabian P

­ eninsula,
Northern Plateaus
hh Fertile Crescent:
hh Henry Martyn: missionary to India and Middle East
hh Cradle of civilization:
hh Countries of Central and Southern Asia:
hh Land of beginnings
hh India:
hh Sumer: civilization of southern Mesopotamia (Babylon), irriga-
tion, writing, wheel, archaeologists, ziggurats hh Topographical features, caste system, family life, religion, place
value, decimal numeral system
hh Ur of the Chaldees: Chaldea, stone temples, marketplace,
Abraham hh Taj Mahal, Vasco da Gama, East India Company, William Carey,
East and West Pakistan, Mt. Everest
hh Ancient Middle East:
hh Amy Carmichael: missionary to Indian children
hh Where history began
hh Other Central and Southern Asian Countries
hh Homes of ancient times
hh Countries of the Far East:
hh Daily life in an ancient city
hh China:
hh Phoenicians (seafaring people): sailors, Carthage, alphabet,
papyrus, blown glass hh Huang He (China’s Sorrow), dynasties, Great Wall of China,
­discoveries and inventions, missionary efforts
hh Hittites: empire builders
hh Changing country, Republic of China, Communism, Mao Tse-
hh Lydians (makers of money): trade by barter, first coins minted
tung, Chiang Kai-shek, People’s Republic of China
hh Israelites (God’s chosen people): Sinai Peninsula, Ten Command-
hh Modern China, Beijing, Hong Kong, Tiananmen Square
ments, Joshua, “Holy Land,” Canaanites, judges, King Saul, King
David, King Solomon hh Chinese sphere of influence

hh Assyrian Empire: feared conquerors hh Northeast and Southeast Asian countries

hh Babylonian Empire: Code of Hammurabi, Chaldeans, Seven hh Egypt:

­Wonders of the Ancient World, Daniel, King Belshazzar hh Geography of Egypt

hh Persian Empire: Cyrus the Great hh Egypt’s beginning: early river civilizations

hh Middle East today: hh Dynasties

hh Geographical features hh Building projects of the phar­aohs: irrigation and flood control,

hh Climate: desert regions, Mediterranean climate, fertile land
hh Plants and animals
hh People: Arabic language, Islam religion
hh Importance of history and current events: Islam, Judaism,
Christianity, natural resources
shadoof, pyramids, Great Sphinx, obelisks, Valley of the Kings,
“King Tut”
hh Everyday life in ancient Egypt: people, education, food
hh Papyrus plant: first paper, hieroglyphics, Rosetta Stone
hh Decline of Egypt

History & Geography cont. p. 90

89
GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
History & Geography cont.
History Study cont. hh England and the British Isles:

hh Africa long ago: hh British Isles: “Mother Country,” biblical heritage

hh Land of mystery: “Dark Continent” ƒƒ Great events in English history:

hh Highlights of African history: hh Magna Carta, Elizabethan Age

hh Land of Phut, Sahara, Land of Cush ƒƒ Age of Puritans:

hh Ethiopian eunuch, Queen of Sheba, early Christians in North hh Puritans and science, Wesleyan Revival

Africa hh Rise of industry, Victorian Age, England’s decline, ­restoring

hh Muslim control, Ghana Empire, Mali Empire England’s greatness, Margaret Thatcher
hh Age of exploration and missions: hh England: land and people, ­Pennine Chain, London, Thames,
the Chunnel
hh Malaria, yellow fever, sleeping sickness, slave trade
hh Ireland, Scotland, and Wales: “Emerald Isle,” people, ­potato famine,
hh Robert Moffat, David Livingstone, Victoria Falls, Henry Stanley,
Republic of ­Ireland, Northern Ireland, ­Scottish Highlands
Samuel Crowther, Mary Slessor
hh Other countries of Western Europe:
hh Africa in modern times:
hh Two Europes: Communist Eastern Europe, Free Western Europe
hh Northern Africa: Sahara, Barbary Coast, Aswan High Dam, Suez
Canal, Sudan, Khartoum hh Mediterranean Europe:

hh Tropical Africa: history and geography hh Spain: ancient Armada

hh Southern Africa: European settlement, Republic of South Africa, hh Portugal: explorers

resources and industries hh Italy: Renaissance

hh Modern Africa’s needs: the Gospel, food, shelter, education, stable hh Greece: early ­European civilizations
government hh Central Europe:
hh Ancient Greece hh France: revolution
hh Geographical features hh Switzerland: mountain republic
hh First Greeks: Minoans, Crete, Mycenaeans, Trojan horse hh Austria: culture and beauty
hh Greek alphabet and writings: Homer, Aesop hh Germany: reformation
hh Greek philosophers: Pythagoras, Democritus, Socrates, Plato, hh The low countries: The ­Netherlands (land below sea level),
Aristotle how Dutch made Holland, Belgium and Luxembourg
hh Greek city: city-state, agora, acropolis, theater, gymnasium, hh Scandinavia (land of Vikings):
stadium hh Norway: land of the Midnight Sun
hh A Greek idea: democracy (people rule) hh Sweden: largest Scandinavian country
hh Two famous city-states: Sparta, courage, strength, loyalty, helots; hh Denmark: Hans Christian Andersen
Athens, culture hh Iceland: land of fire and ice
hh Philip of Macedonia: Macedonia, phalanx
hh Finland: scenic forest land, European tundra
hh Alexander the Great (Conqueror of the World): Hellenistic Age
hh Languages of Europe: Romance, Germanic, Slavic, and others
hh Rome:
hh Countries of Eastern Europe:
hh Land: Apennine Peninsula, Italy, Alps, Po River, Tiber River
hh Russia under the czars
hh People: Italians, Latins, Etruscans, Greek influence
hh How Communism began: Karl Marx, Marxism
hh Life in Rome: home, education, roads, bridges, tunnels, aqueducts,
hh Birth of the Soviet Union: R
­ ussian Revolution, Communist terrorism
concrete, government, Roman Republic, patricians, plebeians
ƒƒ Changes in the Soviet Union:
hh How Rome conquered the world: Punic Wars, Julius Caesar,
hh No food, disaster in Afghanistan
Rubicon River, dictator, Mark Antony, Pompeii
ƒƒ Mikhail Gorbachev
hh Roman Empire: Augustus Caesar, Pax Romana
hh Perestroika and glasnost, Lech Walesa, Solidarity, Baltic Repub-
hh Christianity:
lics
hh Greatest event in history: birth of Jesus, early ministry of Jesus
hh Life in the Soviet Union: atheism, few freedoms, government
Christ, spread of the Gospel
­control
hh Nero and the persecution of Christians: colosseum, gladiators,
hh Soviet Union and United Nations
the catacombs
hh Fall of the Soviet Empire: Boris Yeltsin, Russian Republic, Common-
hh Rise of Constantine
wealth of Independent States
hh Fall of Rome
hh Modern countries of Eastern Europe
hh Middle Ages:
hh Australia and beyond:
hh Peasants and lords, Roman church, Charlemagne, Holy Roman
hh Australia: “Island Continent,” land and climate, Great Barrier Reef,
Empire
plants and animals, history, government, cities, country life, indus-
hh Monasteries, convents, crusades, Waldensians, Inquisition, John
try and resources
Wycliffe, John Huss
hh Oceania: islands of the Pacific
hh Invention of printing press: Johann Gutenberg, Gutenberg Bible
hh Antarctica: coldest continent, discovery and exploration,
hh Martin Luther and the Protestant Reformation: indulgences,
Captain James Cook, Richard Byrd
purgatory, Ninety-Five Theses

History & Geography cont. p. 91

90
 GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
History & Geography cont.
Memory Work ƒƒ Geography terms and facts memorized:
ƒƒ 6 documents: ƒƒ Circle of the earth:
ƒƒ The American’s Creed ƒƒ Sphere
ƒƒ Portion of The Declaration of Independence hh Diameter, circumference

ƒƒ Preamble to the Constitution ƒƒ Oceans

ƒƒ First Amendment to the C­ onstitution hh Seas

ƒƒ The Rights of Americans ƒƒ Seven continents

ƒƒ Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address ƒƒ Earth’s hemispheres:
ƒƒ States and capitals hh Northern, southern

ƒƒ 44 U.S. Presidents ƒƒ Eastern, western

ƒƒ Latitude and longitude:
Geography Study hh Parallels of latitude, tropics, meridians
ƒƒ Atlas facts memorized: ƒƒ Poles, Equator
hh Eastern Hemisphere: political map of nations, cities, states, bodies hh Bodies of water: gulf, strait, channel
of water, oceans ƒƒ Rivers:
hh World: physical maps of rivers, seas, deserts, mountain ranges,
hh Tributary, mouth, delta
mountains
ƒƒ Upstream, downstream
hh Kingdoms and empires of the ancient world
hh Landforms: plains, plateaus, hills, mountains
hh Africa: countries, rivers, mountains, bodies of water
hh Mountains and mountain ranges: sea level, altitude, peak, summit;
ƒƒ Landforms volcano, dormant, extinct
hh Bodies of water
hh World’s greatest deserts
ƒƒ U.S. states and capitals hh Climate zones
hh Continent facts memorized:
hh Tropical rain forests
hh Asia: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, seas,
hh Tropical savannas
rivers, mountain ranges, mountains, deserts
hh Africa: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, rivers,
deserts, mountain ranges, mountain
hh Europe: countries, capital names, locations; continent facts, seas,
rivers, mountain ranges, mountains
hh Australia, Oceania, & Antarctica: countries, capital names,
­locations; continent facts, mountain ranges, desert, islands

Science
Investigating God’s World leads students continually from the known to the unknown Additional Helps
by teaching important science concepts within the context of things they can see and ƒƒ Suggested:
know. The aim is to help students better understand basic science principles rather
ƒƒ Enrichment projects (3)
than to merely teach them science vocabulary.
ƒƒ DVDs (4)
This text presents the world as the creation of God and glorifies Him as its Sustainer ƒƒ Worksheets (24)
and Upholder. It introduces great scientists and naturalists who believed in the bibli-
cal account of Creation, and where appropriate, it refutes the materialist’s faith in Evaluation
evolution. Students will also learn about topics such as plants and animals, matter and ƒƒ Printed quizzes (25)
energy, light, and minerals. ƒƒ Homework quizzes (3)
ƒƒ Tests (6)
ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (3)
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Insects & Plants ƒƒ Honeybees

ƒƒ The mysteries around us: hh More stinging insects: bumblebees, yellow jackets

ƒƒ Science and observation ƒƒ Victims and villains:

hh Law and order hh Predator, prey

ƒƒ A detective’s tools: his senses and intelligence, books and equip- ƒƒ Food chain
ment ƒƒ Mimicry:
hh Investigating a goldenrod jungle: ƒƒ Monarchs and viceroy butterflies
ƒƒ Pollination hh Bee and fly differences; bee killers

Science cont. p. 92

91
GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Insects & Plants cont. hh Other carnivores: contrast in size

ƒƒ Camouflage: hh Large carnivores: bears, giant pandas

hh Ambush bug, goldenrod spider hh Small carnivores:

hh True bugs: hh Weasels and minks

hh Piercing and sucking mouthparts ƒƒ Skunks

hh Wings that cross hh Primates (tree-dwelling mammals):

hh Praying mantis: egg case, nymph hh Characteristics

ƒƒ Beetles and seed eaters: hh Apes: mountain gorillas and chimpanzees

hh Beetle characteristics, locust borer, goldenrod soldier beetle hh Monkeys: New World and Old World

ƒƒ Seed feeders: hh Horses: man’s best helper

ƒƒ Birds hh Cloven-hoofed animals:

hh Rabbits hh Bovids (useful ruminants): cattle, sheep, goats

hh Composite flowers: characteristics of composites; daisy, aster, hh Deer (antlered ruminants): white-tailed deer, moose, reindeer

blackeyed Susan, thistle, goldenrod, ragweed and caribou

hh William Carey: missionary and botanist in India hh Differences between horns and antlers
hh Grenfell of Labrador: missionary and doctor
Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Mammals and man:
hh Setting up a living flower exhibit
hh Likenesses and differences
hh Making a meadow in a terrarium
hh Balance of nature; extinct and endangered species
hh Observing insect orders
hh Making plant exhibits: drying flowers, building a gall cage Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Using a water lens hh Collecting and recognizing animal tracks

hh Learning more about honeybees: the “bee dance” hh Investigating your dog and cat

hh Observing social insects hh Following tracks: studying animal tracks

hh Making a creature keeper hh Demonstrating wool’s ability to hold heat

hh Making a pitfall trap hh Building a nature sanctuary

hh Observing animal measurements
Mammals
ƒƒ Habitats Energy: Light
ƒƒ Vertebrates: hh Defining light:

ƒƒ Characteristics: hh Speed of light

hh Four limbs: two forelimbs, two hind limbs hh Transparent, opaque, translucent light

ƒƒ Warm-blooded hh Shadows

ƒƒ Hair: hh Journey of light:

ƒƒ Fur, wool, spines or quills, bristles, whiskers hh Luminous objects

hh For warmth: hh Natural and artificial light

hh Whales’ blubber hh Reflection: bouncing light; convex and concave mirrors

ƒƒ For camouflage hh Refraction (bending light rays):

hh Special structures: horns, claws, nails, hoofs, hard plates hh Convex and concave lens, telescopes

hh Mammary glands: most mammals provide milk for their young hh The spectrum: ROY G. BV, infrared, ultraviolet

hh Unusual mammals: hh Eyes (the light detectors):

hh Marsupials ƒƒ Parts of the eye:

hh Platypus and echidna: hatch from eggs ƒƒ Pupil, iris, lens, retina, optic nerve
hh Gnawing mammals: hh Cornea

hh Rodents (herbivores): rats, mice hh Eye conditions: nearsightedness, farsightedness

hh Rabbits are not rodents hh Sir Isaac Newton and the eye

ƒƒ Insect-eating mammals: hh Animal eyes:

hh Ant-eating mammals: giant anteater, aardvark, pangolin hh Characteristics of birds’ eyes

hh Insectivores: shrews, moles, hedgehogs ƒƒ Insects’ eyes

hh Bats ƒƒ Night vision
hh Dogs (canines): breeding, training hh Binocular vision, monocular vision

hh Carnivores hh Seeing color

hh Wild dogs: wolves, coyotes, foxes Activities & Demonstrations:

hh Cats (felines): hh Making a lens and mirror collection

hh Designed to stalk: night vision, whiskers, rough tongue, padded hh Observing light reflectors
feet hh Observing eyeshine
hh Wild cats: tiger, lion, jaguar, leopard, etc. hh Demonstrating transparent, translucent, and opaque materials
hh Observing mirrored impressions
hh Making a spectrum

Science cont. p. 93

92
 GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Geology Energy & Engines
hh The earth’s structure: crust, mantle, outer core, inner core hh Force and motion (engines):
hh Soil (a natural resource): ƒƒ Forces necessary for motion:
ƒƒ Humus; conservation ƒƒ Force of gravity, force of friction
hh Chemical and physical weathering hh Force of contact
ƒƒ Rocks: igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic hh Electricity and magnetism:
hh Minerals: crystals and gemstones; mineralogists hh Force of electricity: positive and negative charges
hh Metals: ƒƒ Force of magnetism
hh Characteristics of metals hh Work and energy:
hh Gold, silver, copper, iron, aluminum, mercury, uranium hh Forms of energy; types of energy; transfers of energy
hh Hidden treasures: ƒƒ Energy for muscles
hh Fossil fuels: coal, oil ƒƒ The power of water and wind: windmills, water wheels
hh Hot springs and geysers ƒƒ Water, ice, and steam:
hh Hollowed-out caves: stalactites, stalagmites, spelunkers hh The three states of matter, changes in the states
hh Charles Spurgeon: preacher who loved nature ƒƒ Water’s three states
hh Interesting treasures: ƒƒ Water molecules in motion
hh Fossils: ƒƒ The power of steam:
hh Formation, kinds hh Performance under pressure
hh Paleontologists hh Steam engine; steam locomotive
hh Men who saw dinosaurs: Bible characters; others throughout hh The power of internal combustion:
history hh Necessary ingredients for combustion
Activities & Demonstrations: hh Gasoline and diesel engines
hh Gathering a rock collection hh The power of jet propulsion: how a jet engine works
hh Doing the acid test hh The power of rocket engines:
hh Making a crystal garden hh Rockets and oxygen
hh Identifying minerals hh Modern rocketry
hh Identifying artificial fossils hh Two types of rocket engines
hh Observing physical weathering at work Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Calculating weight on the moon (effect of gravity)
Oceanography
hh Demonstrating electrical charges
hh The sea is His: beauty, power, secrets
hh Observing molecules move in water
hh Water (the necessary resource):
hh Demonstrating:
ƒƒ Composition of water
hh Importance of oxygen in combustion
ƒƒ Water cycle
hh Magnetic field
hh Tide and shore:
hh Types of tides, tidal zones Astronomy
hh Rocky shores ƒƒ The sun:
ƒƒ Sandy shores ƒƒ Size; a source of energy
hh Shellfish: mollusks, crustaceans hh Layers: core, photosphere, chromospheres, corona
hh Sea stars ƒƒ The stars: constellations of the northern and southern hemispheres
hh Beauties of the coral reef: coral polyps; fish of the coral reefs ƒƒ The moon:
hh Some seafaring mammals: ƒƒ Appearance
ƒƒ Whales hh Moon seas, phases of the moon
hh Pinnipeds, sea otters hh Eight planets: names, description of each
hh Winged wanderers: albatrosses, gulls, penguins ƒƒ Air: gases in the air, importance of air, atmosphere, air pressure
hh Preserving the sea: hh The wild blue yonder: troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, ther-
hh Oil spills mosphere, exosphere, magnetic field
ƒƒ Conservation hh Wernher von Braun: aerospace engineer

Activities & Demonstrations: Activities & Demonstrations:

hh Gathering a seashell collection hh Exploring space from your backyard
hh Moving molecules hh Demonstrating:
hh Demonstrating a miniature oil slick hh Air’s expansion and contraction in response to ­temperature
hh Air pressure with an atmospheric egg

Science cont. p. 94

93
GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Weather hh Investigating snow crystals

ƒƒ Temperatures and winds: hh Being a weather prophet

hh Solar rays; greenhouse effect

Variety of Vertebrates
hh Seasons:
ƒƒ Classification of animals
hh Result of earth’s tilt on axis
ƒƒ Warm-blooded and cold-blooded vertebrates: definition
hh The winds:
ƒƒ Birds and flight:
hh Temperature differences
ƒƒ Structure of feathers and bones
hh Air pressure
hh Types of wings
hh Major wind systems
hh Powerful breast muscles
ƒƒ Water vapor: humidity; condensation ƒƒ Fish:
hh Atmosphere: ingredients for cloud formation; types of air masses,
ƒƒ Structure: gills, scales, swim bladder
fronts
hh Types: jawless fish, cartilaginous fish, bony fish
ƒƒ Clouds:
ƒƒ Snakes (reptiles):
ƒƒ Shapes and names: ­cumulus, stratus, cirrus, combination clouds
hh Parts of a snake, venomous snakes, common snakes, constrictors
hh Fog
hh Treatment of snakebites
ƒƒ Precipitation:
hh Lizards (reptiles): defenses, types
ƒƒ Rain, sleet, snowflakes:
hh Turtles and crocodiles (reptiles):
hh Dry snow, wet snow, freezing rain, tropical rain
hh Armor-like structure, parts of turtle shells
ƒƒ Storms:
hh Types of turtles and crocodiles
hh How a storm is produced
ƒƒ Amphibians:
hh Anatomy of a cumulonimbus cloud
ƒƒ Types
ƒƒ Hailstones
ƒƒ Tadpole metamorphosis
hh Types of lightning
hh Unusual amphibians
hh Tornadoes: watches and warnings
ƒƒ Louis Agassiz: “America’s Greatest Science Teacher” (1847–1873)
ƒƒ Storm safety
Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Weather monitoring and forecasting
hh Conducting an egg watch
Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Observing fish
hh Building a water barometer
ƒƒ Raising tadpoles
hh Creating a wind system
hh Building a hygrometer
hh Making fog

Health
The active lifestyle presented in Enjoying Good Health emphasizes the Additional Helps
significance of maintaining sound health habits. While reviewing the ƒƒ Worksheets (11)
muscular and respiratory systems of the human body, each student
ƒƒ Physical exercises (7)
is encouraged to measure his level of fitness. An in-depth study of the
ƒƒ Mental exercise (1)
circulatory system adds to the student’s knowledge of physical fitness.
The study of nutrition focuses on the importance of a healthful diet and ƒƒ Demonstrations:
its effects on overall fitness and personal appearance. ƒƒ Measuring amount of air in breath
ƒƒ Determining your optimal range
Enjoying Good Health also stresses personal responsibility in overcom- ƒƒ Review games (16)
ing spiritual battles, concluding with a practical study of the Christian’s
spiritual armor. Evaluation
ƒƒ Printed quizzes (6)
ƒƒ Homework quizzes (3)
ƒƒ Tests (4)
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Circulatory System hh Rest: lactic acid, carbon dioxide, amount needed

hh Blood: cardiac muscle, arteries, capillaries, veins, plasma, red and hh Protecting your heart: alcohol and tobacco use, cholesterol, physical

white cells, antibodies, platelets fitness

hh Heart: atrium, ventricle, valves
hh Circulatory system: aorta, pulse, capillaries, venae cavae, varicose
veins, blood pressure

Health cont. p. 95

94
 GRADE 5
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Health cont.
Nutrient Study hh Dysentery

ƒƒ Energy; diet hh Caffeine

ƒƒ Nutrients: hh Aids and hindrances to digestion

hh Simple and complex carbohydrates ƒƒ Pleasant meals: manners

hh Saturated and unsaturated fats
Physical Fitness in Action: Exercise
hh Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins
ƒƒ Factors:
hh Minerals: phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, iron,
ƒƒ Aerobic endurance
iodine, zinc
ƒƒ Muscular strength and endurance; agility
hh Deficiency conditions: osteoporosis, goiter, anemia
hh Flexibility
ƒƒ Daily Food Guide: malnutrition, balanced diet, Food Guide P
­ yramid
ƒƒ Body composition
and 5 groups
hh Energy for activity: calories, metabolism Interpersonal Relationships
ƒƒ Balanced meals: a good breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks ƒƒ Social acceptance:
ƒƒ Energy input and output: maintaining a healthy weight, obesity ƒƒ Influenced by personal appearance and hygiene: posture, halito-
sis, brushing, flossing, deodorant
Digestive System ƒƒ Influenced by actions:
hh Digestive system: alimentary canal
ƒƒ Polite conversations; proper introductions
hh Parts: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon
ƒƒ Telephone courtesy during incoming and outgoing calls
ƒƒ Saliva, gastric juices, bile
hh RSVPs, thank-you notes
hh Excretory system: kidneys, bladder
ƒƒ Being a good friend
hh Job of the liver in digestion
hh Mental awareness: potential, eye-gate, ear-gate, right attitudes,
hh Absorption and elimination: villi, colon, fiber
­gratitude
ƒƒ Water: hh Spiritual warfare: armor of God
ƒƒ Importance, amount needed
hh Safe drinking water

Bible
Life of David
Series 1
Young
Fifth grade Bible is filled with many astounding stories about Bible characters such Evaluation
DAVID as Moses, Ruth, Daniel, Samuel, and David. Students will also study Joshua’s life ƒƒ Graded memory verse
and learn how his loyalty to God made him an excellent leader and caused him to
Flash-a-Card

passages (8)
triumph in battle. These Bible stories will show students how God can do mighty ƒƒ Content tests (5)
acts when a person has faith in Him.

3 Lessons • 21 Cards
1 God Chooses David
2 David Kills Goliath
3 David and Jonathan
Lesson Guide Included
David Kills Goliath
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27124101
abeka.com

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 407 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Memory Work

ƒƒ Salvation Series (5 lessons) hh New Scripture passages (8) containing 49 verses
ƒƒ Life of Moses Series (20): Moses in Egypt; Journey to Sinai; Journey ƒƒ Review verses (97)
through the Wilderness
ƒƒ Tabernacle (3) Doctrinal Drill 59 questions/answers
ƒƒ First Christmas (5); Joshua (7); Judges (6); Ruth (3); Jonah (2) ƒƒ Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,
salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation
ƒƒ Crucifixion and Resurrection (9); Life of Samuel (4)
ƒƒ 8 questions with verses to m
­ emorize as answers
ƒƒ Life of David Series (13):
ƒƒ Young David, David in Hiding Prayer Time
hh David the King ƒƒ Learn to pray with thanks­giving for each other, our nation, those in
ƒƒ The First Thanksgiving authority over us

Music 45 songs Sword Drills

ƒƒ Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs, and patriotic songs: ƒƒ Learn to quickly find 112 Old and New Testament references
hh 18 new hymns and songs; 12 new choruses

95
GRADE 5

Music
One important foundation of a nation’s heritage is its music. Songs We Enjoy 5 contains
songs that reflect the spirit and strength of the American people. These traditional, patri-
otic, holiday, and fun songs have been delighting students for generations. The sing-along
CD makes song time easy for the teacher and even more enjoyable for the students.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 66 songs Variety of Songs to Memorize

ƒƒ Follow a song leader, while singing with class or CD ƒƒ Patriotic, folk, Americana, fun, spirituals and hymns, holiday, songs
hh Define and understand 17 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyrics at sea
hh Improve coordination skills with songs that require hand motions
ƒƒ Benefit from fun activities that keep interest:
ƒƒ Dynamic contrasts, singing in rounds
hh Tongue twisters
ƒƒ Learn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana music

Arts & Crafts

Students use Art B to review fundamental principles of color with colored- Added Enrichment
pencil renderings and watercolor paintings. Fifth graders will learn new con- ƒƒ Art Appreciation
cepts such as light and dark values, one-point perspective (with step-by-step
ƒƒ Introduction to influential artists
drawings), and symmetry. Students will enjoy using different types of media to such as Julius Schnorr von
create three-dimensional forms. Art B also encourages students to appreciate Carolsfeld, Currier and Ives,
art by introducing them to accomplished artists and art techniques. and Brian Jekel
ƒƒ Art forms: woodcuts, calligraphy,
origami, and lithographs
ƒƒ Introduction to well-known prints
and works

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skill & Concept Development 37 projects Technique Development

ƒƒ Primary, secondary, intermediate, complementary, analogous, and
neutral hues
hh Value: light and dark; watercolor; contrasting (12)
hh Perspective: horizon line, vanishing point (6)
hh Symmetry (4)
hh Drawing: sketching basic shapes (4)
hh Shading; enlarging and reducing (4)
ƒƒ Animation
ƒƒ Modeling (4):
ƒƒ Paper shaping, paper cutting, paper folding
hh Foil, imprinting, curling
hh Painting: watercolor techniques (4)

96
 GRADE 6

Language Arts: Reading

Sixth graders will enjoy reading exciting selections about animals of all kinds, patriots from
America’s past, and Christians in foreign lands. This delightful collection of stories and poems
features several well-known authors and introduces students to a variety of interesting characters.
Students will read a biographical novel and a Christian fiction novel and use them when writing
language book reports. Two speed and comprehension readers contain challenging and interesting
selections. Sixth graders will develop a wider range of comprehension skills by answering compre-
hension questions based on stated facts, implications, and general reasoning.

Literary Value Materials Evaluation

ƒƒ 146 authors, including well-known writ-
ers such as Louisa May Alcott, Benjamin
Franklin, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Rudyard
Kipling, Lucy Maud Montgomery, and
Mark Twain
ƒƒ Themes including brotherhood, friend-
ship, generosity, honor, i­ngenuity, leader-
ship, patience, prayer, justice, loyalty,
citizenship, dedication, and responsibility
ƒƒ Readers (3) containing: ƒƒ Weekly oral reading grade
ƒƒ Short stories (102), poems (67), plays (3) ƒƒ Weekly vocabulary and
ƒƒ Scripture selections (5) ­comprehension quizzes (34)
ƒƒ Speed and comprehension
ƒƒ Christian fiction and biographical novels
­quizzes (73) for timed silent
(1 each)
reading exercises and stories
ƒƒ Speed and comprehension readers (2):
ƒƒ Reading Comprehension 6 Skill Sheets (42)
ƒƒ Adventures in Greatness exercises (31)

Reading Skills Development Comprehension, Discussion & Analysis

ƒƒ Strive for increased: Skills Development
ƒƒ Accuracy, fluency, phrasing ƒƒ Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential ­comprehension and
ƒƒ Good expression, comprehension ­discussion questions for most stories and poems
ƒƒ Improvement of flow ƒƒ Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and
ƒƒ Pace and comprehension while ­reading silently effect, and draw conclusions
ƒƒ Ability to follow along and comprehend as others read orally ƒƒ Determine main characters, theme, climax, and turning point
ƒƒ Vocabulary development through words and definitions in readers
ƒƒ Ability to read poetry correctly

Language Arts: Language

The sixth grader should be constantly guided to see how grammar applies to his writing and speak-
ing. God’s Gift of Language C gives a thorough, systematic presentation of grammar, composition,
and mechanics in a clear and appealing manner. Both the student and the teacher will appreciate
the explanations and demonstrations of the writing process. Students who use this program are not
“afraid of composition.” Creative Writing, a companion text to God’s Gift of Language C, helps stu-
dents to think and to convey their thoughts more clearly, critically, and creatively.
God’s Gift of Language C features a cumulative review section at the end of each unit and a Hand-
book of Rules and Definitions at the end of the text.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Creative writing focus (23 lessons)
ƒƒ The Student Writer’s Handbook includes:
ƒƒ How to use a dictionary, thesaurus, encyclope-
dia; The Writing Process; a Writer’s Checklist;
proofreader marks
ƒƒ How to write book reports using the Writing
Process and the Book Report Checklist; friendly
letters and social notes
ƒƒ How your library works
ƒƒ Quizzes:
ƒƒ From quiz/test book (15)
ƒƒ Graded grammar exercises in
student book (10)
ƒƒ Tests from quiz/test book (10)
ƒƒ Book reports (7):
ƒƒ Short format (3; each counts as 2 quiz grades)
ƒƒ Long format (3; each counts as test grade)
ƒƒ Oral (1; counts as test grade)
ƒƒ Library research report (counts as 2 test
grades)
ƒƒ Graded creative writing exercises (3)

Language cont. p. 98

97
GRADE 6
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Language cont.
Grammar ƒƒ Recognize four types of sentences: declarative, imperative,
interrogative, exclamatory
ƒƒ Capitalization:
ƒƒ Locate simple and complete subjects and predicates
ƒƒ Proper nouns:
ƒƒ Identify compound subjects and verbs; compound sentences
ƒƒ Particular persons, places, things; words referring to Deity or the
Holy Scriptures ƒƒ Locate out-of-the-ordinary subjects and verbs
ƒƒ Words formed from proper nouns: ƒƒ Parts of speech:
ƒƒ Proper adjectives ƒƒ Recognize and diagram all eight parts of speech
hh Abbreviations of proper nouns ƒƒ Verbs:
ƒƒ Titles of persons: ƒƒ Distinguish action, state of being, helping, and linking verbs
ƒƒ Used before a person’s name as part of the name ƒƒ Recognize verb phrases, principal parts of verbs, and irregular
verbs
ƒƒ Used alone in direct address
ƒƒ Use spelling rules for verb endings
ƒƒ Titles of works:
ƒƒ Use action verbs with picturing power
ƒƒ First, last, and all important words in titles of books, magazines,
newspapers, poems, stories, plays, and works of art ƒƒ Find exact verbs
ƒƒ First word in a sentence, including quoted sentences ƒƒ Use troublesome verbs correctly
ƒƒ Pronoun I ƒƒ Nouns:
ƒƒ Punctuation: ƒƒ Recognize common, proper, compound
ƒƒ End marks ƒƒ Use:
ƒƒ Commas: ƒƒ As subjects, predicate nominatives, direct objects, indirect
objects, objects of the preposition
ƒƒ Before a coordinating conjunction joining two simple sentences
ƒƒ In direct address
ƒƒ To indicate where word(s) have been omitted
hh Make subject agree with verb
hh To avoid a possible misreading
ƒƒ Pronouns:
ƒƒ To indicate nonessential elements in a sentence: nouns of direct
address; well, yes, no, why ƒƒ Recognize personal pronouns: nominative, objective, possessive
hh To indicate parenthetical words or expressions ƒƒ Choose correct pronoun case
ƒƒ In dates and addresses ƒƒ Recognize:
ƒƒ In letter salutations and closings ƒƒ Compound, demonstrative, and interrogative pronouns
ƒƒ Apostrophes: hh Indefinite pronouns

ƒƒ To show possession hh Make pronoun agree with the verb

ƒƒ To show omissions from a word ƒƒ Adjectives:

hh To show omissions from an expression ƒƒ Know distinguishing characteristics of adjectives
ƒƒ With s to form: hh Correctly use compound proper adjectives

ƒƒ The plural of letters ƒƒ Recognize:

hh The plural of numbers, signs, and words used as words ƒƒ Predicate adjectives, verbs used as adjectives
ƒƒ Quotation marks: ƒƒ Prepositional phrases used as adjectives
ƒƒ In a direct quotation ƒƒ Use and compare adjectives correctly
ƒƒ To enclose titles of short stories, short poems, songs, chapters, hh Correctly use less, least; fewer, fewest; them, those

articles, and other parts of books or magazines hh Place adjectives correctly in sentence

ƒƒ Semicolons: hh Learn how to use adjective-forming suffixes

ƒƒ To separate simple sentences not joined by a conjunction ƒƒ Adverbs:

hh With a conjunction to join two simple sentences if those ƒƒ Distinguish adjectives from adverbs
­sentences already contain commas ƒƒ Identify prepositional phrases used as adverbs
ƒƒ Colons: ƒƒ Correctly use:
hh Before a list of items ƒƒ Good, well
ƒƒ Between chapter and verse of a Bible reference ƒƒ Adverbs in comparisons
ƒƒ Between hour and minute when writing the time ƒƒ Avoid double negatives and double comparisons
ƒƒ After the salutation of a business letter ƒƒ Prepositions:
ƒƒ Underlining: titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of ƒƒ Recognize prepositional phrases
art, ships, trains, and airplanes ƒƒ Distinguish prepositions from adverbs
ƒƒ Hyphens: ƒƒ Avoid:
ƒƒ To divide a word at the end of the line ƒƒ Preposition errors
hh In compound numbers hh Unnecessary prepositions
hh In fractions used as adjectives ƒƒ Conjunctions:
ƒƒ The sentence: hh Recognize coordinating and correlative conjunctions
ƒƒ Identify sentences and fragments ƒƒ Interjections
ƒƒ Correct sentence fragments and run-on sentences

Language cont. p. 99

98
 GRADE 6
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Language cont.
Composition hh Combine paragraphs to make a composition

Note: Many creative writing exercises are included in ƒƒ Write a library research report using the Writing Process:
Creative Writing, a companion text to Language C. ƒƒ Make bibliography cards and preliminary outline
ƒƒ Creative writing exercises: ƒƒ Take notes
ƒƒ Write: ƒƒ Make a final outline
ƒƒ Friendly letter and social notes ƒƒ Write the rough, second, and final drafts
ƒƒ Dialogue ƒƒ Write the final bibliography
ƒƒ Paragraphs: hh Write poetry:

ƒƒ Develop: hh Using rhymes, assonance, consonance

ƒƒA good topic sentence hh Definition and picture poems

hh Paragraphs with details, examples, reasons, or brief story hh Haiku and cinquain poetry

ƒƒ Use paragraph unity

hh Develop sentence order: chronological order, order of impor-
tance
hh Write a compare-and-contrast paragraph
hh Write a narrative paragraph
ƒƒ Write about an emotion and a memory
ƒƒ Apply the Writing Process to writing paragraphs
ƒƒ Use transitional words and phrases

Language Arts: Penmanship & Creative Writing

Creative Writing is a companion text to God’s Gift of Language C. This Added Enrichment
work-text develops students’ abilities to observe, proofread, think clearly, ƒƒ Journal compilation including
and use descriptive words. Students learn what characterizes good writing creative writing assignments (24)
and how they can write more creatively as they study observation and cre- ƒƒ Additional exercises to build cre-
ativity, poetry, and journal writing. The challenging Mind Stretchers provide ative writing skills (40)
lively openers for each creative writing class as students create anagrams,
acrostics, and rebuses, and work with synonyms, connotation, and allitera- Evaluation
tion. Creative Writing features many examples for students to follow as ƒƒ Penmanship tests (17)
they complete these exercises. Sixth graders will also review previously ƒƒ Progress report boxes throughout
learned penmanship skills and concepts by completing practice exercises. penmanship section (12)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Penmanship Skills Development Creative Writing Skills Development

ƒƒ Maintain good writing position: hh Understand the value of crea­tivity in writing
ƒƒ Sitting properly in desk hh Write alliterated sentences and acrostics (38)
ƒƒ Holding pen correctly hh Make observations while paying attention to ­details
ƒƒ Slanting paper correctly hh Proofread with correction symbols while rewriting and perfecting
ƒƒ Write in ink with a relaxed grip and flowing movement work
ƒƒ Evaluate writing for personal improvement hh Write topical journal entries

ƒƒ Maintain correct letter spacing, shape, alignment, and proportion; hh Descriptions, portraits, dialogue (7)
uniform slant, retracing, and smooth connecting strokes hh With “color words” (1)
hh Identify and practice difficult connections (13) hh Poems, rhymes, couplets, picture poetry (5)
ƒƒ Use correct warm-up procedure using slants, ovals, and basic letter hh Haiku and cinquain poetry (5)
strokes hh About memories (3)
ƒƒ Correctly write all upper- and lowercase letters hh A rebus (1)
ƒƒ Use key strokes: humps, slants, loops, tails hh About an emotion (1)
ƒƒ Be able to write sentences as dictated (10) hh Using comparisons, improvisations (1)

99
GRADE 6

Language Arts: Spelling, Vocabulary & Poetry

Spelling, Vocabulary, and Poetry 6 teaches students the spelling and meaning of words through the
study of prefixes, roots, and suffixes. They will be able to spell and recognize thousands of words after
learning these common roots, prefixes, and suffixes. Sixth graders will appreciate the eight review lists
and exercises that provide opportunity for spelling mastery. Three Spelling Challenge lists allow them
to learn commonly misspelled words that pertain to a specific spelling rule. Students will also practice
their proofreading skills while learning about the origin and development of the English language from a
Christian perspective.
Spelling, Vocabulary, and Poetry 6 contains eight delightful poems written by well-known poets; this
recitation and memorization of poetry will further develop each student’s appreciation for good poetry.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary:
ƒƒ Spelling lists (34) including 8 review
lists:
ƒƒ Spelling words (460)
ƒƒ Definition included with each spell-
ing word
ƒƒ Vocabulary words and defini-
tions  (345)
ƒƒ Frequently misspelled words (150)
ƒƒ Organized by prefixes (49),
roots  (50), suffixes (33)
ƒƒ Practice exercises included with
each list (77)
ƒƒ Spelling games (19) ƒƒ Poetry: ƒƒ Spelling tests (34)
ƒƒ Pronunciation key ƒƒ Poem introductions include:
ƒƒ Thought-provoking quotation with ƒƒ Discussion ideas
each list ƒƒ Historical content
ƒƒ Quick-reference lists: ƒƒ Information about the author
ƒƒ All prefixes, root words, and suffixes ƒƒ CD included to help with
ƒƒ Word meaning and /or sample derivation ­interpretation
ƒƒ Teacher resources: practical spelling tips ƒƒ Vocabulary lists accompany
and suggestions; sentence bank each poem

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development ƒƒ Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like a
hh Master spelling and vocabulary lists: ƒƒ Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a
vowel
hh Prefixes, root words, and suffixes
ƒƒ Change y to i when adding suffixes
hh Vocabulary words and definitions
ƒƒ Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel
hh Homonyms, synonyms, and antonyms
ƒƒ A prefix is added to the ­beginning of a word to change the meaning
hh Frequently misspelled words
ƒƒ A suffix is added to the end of a word to change the function of
ƒƒ Use vocabulary words in proper context
original word, not the meaning
ƒƒ Memorize vocabulary definitions
ƒƒ Learn:
ƒƒ Correctly write sentences dictated by teacher using vocabulary
hh Exceptions to spelling rules
words
ƒƒ Words that follow no spelling pattern
ƒƒ Create good sentences using spelling and vocabulary words
ƒƒ How to choose correct ending for words with sound-alike suffixes
ƒƒ Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed
oral practice and independent written practice hh Principle of assimilation to expand creativity

hh Learn about the history and literal meaning of words

Poetry Skills Development
hh Learn to pronounce thousands of words correctly
hh Memorize 6 lyrical poems and 2 dramatic poems
hh Become familiar with a pronunciation key
ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry
hh Practice proofreading skills while also learning about the origin and
ƒƒ Perform in front of audience
development of the English language from a Christian perspective
ƒƒ Recite in unison
hh Develop spelling skills using Greek and Latin roots, prefixes, and
ƒƒ Develop appropriate expression and volume
suffixes
ƒƒ Improve comprehension of content and emotion
hh Be able to identify commonly misspelled words
ƒƒ Learn definitions and use of unfamiliar words
hh Be able to comprehend a word within proper context
ƒƒ Develop mental visualization of the poem
ƒƒ Proofread for spelling errors: recognize misspelled words in lists or
sets of words ƒƒ Discuss meaning and purpose of poems
hh Apply knowledge of prefixes, roots, suffixes to:
ƒƒ Use proper observation of punctuation
hh Form words
hh Answer comprehension questions
ƒƒ Learn spelling rules:

100
 GRADE 6

Arithmetic
The Arithmetic 6 work-text includes an abundance of practice problems and review Evaluation
exercises to help each student master important arithmetic skills and concepts. ƒƒ Biweekly quizzes (17)
Almost daily story problems and frequent problem-solving strategies are featured,
ƒƒ Biweekly tests (17)
providing practical application for real-life situations. Arithmetic 6 takes students from
ƒƒ 4 weekly skills development
the known to the unknown as they study fractions, decimals, proportions, percents,
exercises (135)
prime factoring, algebraic equations, measurement, basic geometry, and beginning
banking.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers ƒƒ Money
ƒƒ Place value: ƒƒ Checking by addition
ƒƒ Whole numbers to the 100 billions’ place ƒƒ Fractions with common and uncommon ­denominator
hh Decimals to the millionths’ place ƒƒ Measures
ƒƒ Writing numbers to the 100 billions’ place ƒƒ Decimals with annexing zeros
ƒƒ Roman numerals: hh Compound measures

ƒƒ Value of I, V, X, L, C, D, M Multiplication
ƒƒ Basic and complex rules for forming Roman numerals ƒƒ Multiplication facts: 0–12 tables
hh Use of dash to increase value one thousand times
ƒƒ Word problems:
ƒƒ Terms: hh With added complexity
ƒƒ Notation, numeration ƒƒ Timed mastery
hh Prime number, composite number
ƒƒ Terms: factors, product, partial products
ƒƒ Comparing hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining multiplication, division,
hh Rounding to nearest billion ­addition, and subtraction with up to 16 numbers
hh Prime numbers: Eratosthenes sieve ƒƒ Multiplying with up to a 3-digit multiplier (factor)
hh Composite numbers ƒƒ Checking by reversing factors and casting out 9s
ƒƒ Estimating: divisor, quotient ƒƒ Money
ƒƒ Rounding: whole numbers, money, decimals, timed mastery hh Recognize symbol: • (raised dot)
hh Irrational numbers ƒƒ Factors:
Addition ƒƒ Factoring
ƒƒ Finding common and greatest common factor
ƒƒ Addition families 1–18: mixed order
hh Prime factors:
ƒƒ Timed mastery
hh Division by primes
ƒƒ Terms: addend, sum
hh Factoring tree
ƒƒ Word problems:
hh Least common multiple
hh With added complexity
hh Compound measures
ƒƒ Money
ƒƒ Fractions:
hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining addition, subtraction,
­multiplication, and division up to 16 numbers ƒƒ Using cancellation
ƒƒ Checking by addition and c ­ asting out 9s ƒƒ Multiplied by fractions, mixed or whole numbers
ƒƒ Addends: column addition ƒƒ Decimals:
ƒƒ Averaging ƒƒ Multiplied by decimals or whole n ­ umbers
ƒƒ Fractions with common and uncommon denominators ƒƒ Multiplied by powers of ten
ƒƒ Measures Division
ƒƒ Decimals with annexing zeros ƒƒ Division facts: 1–12 tables
hh Compound measures
ƒƒ Word problems:
Subtraction hh With added complexity

ƒƒ Subtraction families 1–18: mixed order ƒƒ Timed mastery

ƒƒ Timed mastery ƒƒ Steps of division
hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining subtraction, addition, ƒƒ Terms: dividend, divisor, quotient
­multiplication, and division up to 16 numbers hh Mental arithmetic: problems combining division, multiplication,

ƒƒ Word problems: addition, and subtraction with up to 16 numbers

hh With added complexity ƒƒ Divisors:
ƒƒ Terms: minuend, subtrahend, difference hh Up to 4 digits

Arithmetic cont. p. 102

101
GRADE 6
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
Division cont. ƒƒ By another decimal
ƒƒ Dividends: ƒƒ When zeros are annexed
hh Up to 7 digits ƒƒ Division:
ƒƒ Remainders written as fractions ƒƒ By a whole number
ƒƒ Checking by multiplication or casting out 9s ƒƒ Eliminating decimal point in divisor
ƒƒ Money ƒƒ Annexing zeros to avoid r­ emain­ders
ƒƒ Averaging ƒƒ Comparing and repeating decimals
ƒƒ Estimating quotients ƒƒ Rounding
ƒƒ Divisibility rules for dividing by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10 ƒƒ Timed mastery
ƒƒ Fractions: ƒƒ Changing fractions to decimals and decimals to fractions 
ƒƒ Dividing a whole number, mixed number, or fraction by a fraction hh Terminating decimals

or mixed number hh Repeating decimals

ƒƒ Dividing a fraction or mixed number by a whole number hh Converting repeating decimals to fractions

ƒƒ Decimals:
Problem Solving & Applications
ƒƒ Dividing a decimal by a whole number
ƒƒ Word problems: steps of problem-solving process
ƒƒ Eliminating decimal point in divisor
ƒƒ Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
ƒƒ Annexing zeros to avoid remainders
ƒƒ Fractions, money, measures
hh Including zeros immediately to the right of decimal point
ƒƒ Time, averages, decimals
in ­quotient
ƒƒ Geometry, graphs
ƒƒ Dividing by powers of ten
hh Equations, ratio, percent, p ­ roportion
Fractions ƒƒ One, two, three, and four steps
ƒƒ Parts of a whole or group ƒƒ Mixed operations
ƒƒ Word problems: ƒƒ Eliminating unnecessary ­information
hh Broader, deeper understanding of concepts hh Making a table
ƒƒ Timed mastery hh Conversion factors
ƒƒ Terms: numerator, denominator hh Using logic charts
ƒƒ Types: hh Finding a pattern
ƒƒ Proper, mixed, improper hh Testing a hunch
ƒƒ Change to mixed number or whole number hh Making a sensible guess
ƒƒ Change mixed number to an improper fraction hh Drawing a geometric model
ƒƒ Simplifying: reducing and making proper hh Using proportions
ƒƒ Addition with common and uncommon denominators ƒƒ Applications:
ƒƒ Subtraction: hh Broader, deeper understanding of concepts:
ƒƒ With common and uncommon denominators hh Measures, Roman numerals, money, graphs, scale drawings,
ƒƒ With borrowing geometry
ƒƒ Multiplication: hh Charts, time, banking, ratio, proportion, reading meters

ƒƒ Using cancellation (electric and gas)

ƒƒ Multiplying a fraction with a whole or mixed number hh Discount, interest, sales tax, profit, commission

ƒƒ Multiplying two mixed numbers hh Installment buying, planning ­budgets, amount of profit

ƒƒ Equivalent fractions Time

ƒƒ Division: ƒƒ Table of time:
ƒƒ Of a whole number, mixed number, or fraction by a fraction or ƒƒ Second, minute, hour
mixed number
ƒƒ Day, week, month, year, leap year
ƒƒ Of a fraction or a mixed number by a whole number
ƒƒ Decade, score, c­ entury, millennium
ƒƒ Changing fractions to decimals; decimals to fractions
hh Time zones:
ƒƒ Finding fractional part of whole
hh Prime meridian

Decimals hh International Date Line

ƒƒ Money hh Coordinated Universal Time

ƒƒ Reading and writing: writing a fraction or decimal as a fraction hh Daylight Savings Time

ƒƒ Place value: hh Latitude

ƒƒ To the thousandths’ place hh Degrees

hh To the millionths’ place

Money
ƒƒ Addition and subtraction: annexing zeros
ƒƒ Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with dollar sign ($)
ƒƒ Multiplication: and decimal point (.)
ƒƒ By a whole number

Arithmetic cont. p. 103

102
 GRADE 6
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Arithmetic cont.
Measures ƒƒ Formulas for:
ƒƒ Temperature: ƒƒ Rectangle, square
ƒƒ Reading and writing hh Parallelogram, triangle, circle, complex shapes

ƒƒ Terms: degrees hh Circumference: formula

ƒƒ Celsius and Fahrenheit: freezing and boiling points of water; hh Using a compass and protractor

normal body temperature hh Constructions: circles, angles

ƒƒ Conversions: Celsius to Fahrenheit; Fahrenheit to Celsius hh Bisecting angles

ƒƒ Length: hh Sliding, rotating, and flipping shapes

ƒƒ English: inch, foot, yard, mile ƒƒ Recognize models and symbols:

ƒƒ Metric: millimeter, centimeter, deci­meter, meter, decameter, ƒƒ • (point); — (line segment); ↔ (line); → (ray); ∠ (angle)
­hectometer, kilometer hh || (parallel lines); � (triangle); ≅ (congruent); ∩ (arc); π (pi)
ƒƒ Weight:
ƒƒ English: ounce, pound, ton
Percent, Ratio, Proportion
ƒƒ Recognize symbol: % (percent)
ƒƒ Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, hecto-
hh Reading and writing:
gram, kilogram
hh Percent as a fraction, decimal, ratio
ƒƒ Capacity:
hh Fraction as a percent
ƒƒ English: fluid ounces, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushels,
­teaspoon, tablespoon hh Decimal as a percent

ƒƒ Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter hh Subtracting from 100%

ƒƒ Ordering measures: least to greatest hh Word problems

ƒƒ Converting measures within the same system ƒƒ Timed mastery

ƒƒ Adding and subtracting unlike measures within the same system hh Finding percentage:

ƒƒ Square measure: hh Of a whole number

ƒƒ English: square inches, square feet, square yards, square acres, hh When the percent ends in a fraction; percent is over 100%
square miles hh By comparison when the percent is given as more or less than
hh Metric: cm2, m2, km2; hectares hh Less than 1%
ƒƒ Timed mastery hh Estimating answers
ƒƒ Metric prefixes hh Finding:
hh Compound measures: adding, subtracting, multiplying hh Percent by comparison
hh Percent of increase or decrease
Graphing, Statistics, Probability ƒƒ The rate of discount
ƒƒ Graphs:
hh Percent for circle graphs
ƒƒ Pictographs; bar, line graphs
ƒƒ Discounts
hh Circle, ­rectangle graphs
hh Amount of profit
hh Statistics: range, mean, median, ranked
ƒƒ Simple interest
ƒƒ Scale drawing
hh The base
hh Finding distance on maps
hh Ratio:
ƒƒ Probability ratio
hh Reading and writing

Geometry hh Terms: antecedent, consequent

ƒƒ Plane figures: hh Equivalent, word problems

ƒƒ Simple closed figure, polygon hh Proportion:

ƒƒ Quadrilateral: parallelogram, rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoid hh Reading and writing

ƒƒ Pentagon, hexagon, h ­ eptagon, octagon hh Terms: means, extremes, cross products, word problems

ƒƒ Triangle: right, isosceles, ­equilateral

Pre-Algebra
ƒƒ Angles:
ƒƒ Solving equations
ƒƒ Right, acute, obtuse, straight
ƒƒ Negative numbers
hh In a circle
ƒƒ Squares and square roots:
ƒƒ Lines: line segment, ray, intersecting lines; parallel and perpen­
hh Perfect squares
dicular lines
ƒƒ Exponents, bases, radical signs (√ )
ƒƒ Terms:
ƒƒ Order of operations:
ƒƒ Point, plane, vertex, congruent, similar, diagonal
hh Broader, deeper understanding of concepts
hh Base, radius, diameter, arc, degree, semicircle
ƒƒ Powers of ten
ƒƒ Perimeter of a polygon
hh Algebraic multiplication
ƒƒ Formulas for:
hh Two-step equations
ƒƒ Rectangle, square
hh Parallelogram, triangle, ­irregular shapes
ƒƒ Converting measures to find perimeter
ƒƒ Area:

103
GRADE 6

History & Geography

New World History and Geography offers a Christian perspective on the history and geography of
North and South America. It includes a chapter on Canada and a chapter on the recent events in
the United States and around the world. Important geographical facts and historical documents that
should be given special attention throughout the year are highlighted and placed for easy reference.
By reading special-feature articles found throughout the text, students will learn about the lives and
contributions of great missionaries and other well-known Christian leaders.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Maps and important facts about each continent ƒƒ Chapter content review (7) ƒƒ Printed quizzes (39)
ƒƒ Comprehension checks (92) ƒƒ Review of physical, political, and geograph­i­cal ƒƒ Homework quizzes (6)
ƒƒ Chapter checkups (18) features of Western Hemisphere (34) ƒƒ Tests (11)
ƒƒ Time line of important dates at beginning of ƒƒ Map skills (4) ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (4)
each U.S. history chapter (9) ƒƒ Current event reports (12) ƒƒ Atlas and geography facts
ƒƒ Special feature boxes (25): ƒƒ Canadian Province Notebook: memorized and evaluated on
ƒƒ Historical concepts, events, and special optional research project of a selected quizzes and tests
interests ­Canadian p ­ rovince or territory
ƒƒ People of history and missionary heroes that ƒƒ Nation map project: optional
influenced Western Hemisphere countries
highlighted throughout text
ƒƒ Map skills and activities worksheets (44):

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

History Study ƒƒ Indians the Pilgrims knew

ƒƒ The first Americans and the land they found: ƒƒ Missionaries to the American Indians:
hh Greatest migration in history ƒƒ John Eliot
ƒƒ Land the Americans settled: hh John Campanius

ƒƒ Geography of North America ƒƒ Roger Williams, David Brainerd

hh Geography of Central and South America ƒƒ Famous woodland Indians:
ƒƒ How American Indians lived: education, food, clothing, shelter, ƒƒ Sequoya
recreation, religion hh Joseph Brant and Tecumseh

ƒƒ North America: cold lands to the north: ƒƒ The North American plains:
hh Trip to the North Pole hh World’s largest prairie

hh Tundra (“Land of the Midnight Sun”): land, plants, animals hh Animals of the prairie

hh People of the tundra (Eskimos): traditional life, modern life hh Special geographical features of the land

hh Northern woodlands: tall trees, animals hh Plains Indians

hh Indians of the Far North: food, clothing, homes, religion, children, ƒƒ The American West:
modern life ƒƒ Rocky Mountains:
ƒƒ Canada: the second largest country: hh Cordilleras Chain, the Great Divide, mountain flora and fauna
hh Vast lands to the north: sparsely settled hh Intermountain Region: plateaus and deserts
hh Highlights of Canadian history hh Desert flora and fauna: hardy plants, variety of animals
hh Maritime provinces ƒƒ Pacific Ocean:
hh Quebec and Ontario hh Coastal Regions
hh Prairie provinces hh Indians of the West
hh British Columbia and Territories ƒƒ The colonial heritage:
hh People, resources, and industry ƒƒ English colonize America:
hh Canadian government: constitutional monarchy, Prime Minister, ƒƒ Spain and France
­Parliament, Royal Canadian Mounted Police ƒƒ England: John Cabot
ƒƒ The Eastern United States: ƒƒ Roanoke
ƒƒ Eastern coast and mountains ƒƒ Jamestown:
hh Atlantic Ocean facts, uses, fish ƒƒ London Company
hh Woodland animals ƒƒ Captain John Smith
ƒƒ Indians of the eastern woodlands: hh Lord De La Warr
hh Hopewell Indians, Iroquois League of Five Nations, Southern hh Free enterprise system
Indians

History & Geography cont. p. 105

104
 GRADE 6
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
History & Geography cont.
History Study cont. ƒƒ Expansion and evangelism:
ƒƒ Pilgrims: lovers of religious freedom: ƒƒ Pioneers push farther west:
ƒƒ Settling in Plymouth ƒƒ Daniel Boone and the Wilderness Road:
ƒƒ Friends with the Indians hh Cumberland Gap

ƒƒ First Thanksgiving ƒƒ Settling the Northwest Territory

hh Thanksgiving of 1623 hh The Erie Canal

ƒƒ New England Colonies: ƒƒ Revival and missions:

ƒƒ Massachusetts and the Puritans: ƒƒ Second Great Awakening:
hh Massachusetts Bay Company and Charles I hh Richard Allen

ƒƒ Massachusetts Bay Colony and Boston ƒƒ Beginnings of American missions

hh Ole’ Deluder Satan Act ƒƒ Christianity among black Americans:
ƒƒ Roger Williams and Rhode Island ƒƒ Lott Carey, Colin Teague, Lemuel Haynes
ƒƒ New Hampshire: fish and lumber hh John Jasper, Catherine Ferguson, John Chavis

ƒƒ Connecticut: “Place of the Long River” ƒƒ From the Gulf of Mexico to the Rocky Mountains:
ƒƒ New England: churches ƒƒ Purchasing and exploring Louisiana
ƒƒ Middle Colonies: ƒƒ War of 1812:
ƒƒ New York: hh Treaty of Ghent

ƒƒ Settled by the Dutch ƒƒ United States gains Florida and the Southwest
hh Patroon system ƒƒ From sea to sea:
ƒƒ Delaware: New Sweden ƒƒ Gold Rush:
ƒƒ Pennsylvania: hh John Marshall

ƒƒ Quaker State ƒƒ Oregon Territory

hh Society of Friends ƒƒ New friends in Japan:
hh Moravians and Count von Zinzendorf hh Commodore Matthew Perry, Samuel Wells Williams, and Jona-
than Goble
ƒƒ New Jersey: haven of religious freedom
ƒƒ Division and reunion:
ƒƒ Southern Colonies:
ƒƒ Slavery, compromise
ƒƒ Virginia: oldest colony
hh Tariffs
ƒƒ Maryland: freedom for Catholics
ƒƒ States’ rights
ƒƒ Carolinas: the Southern Plantation
hh Abolitionists: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Sojourner Truth
ƒƒ Georgia: last of the thirteen
hh Underground railroad and Harriet Tubman
ƒƒ The Great Awakening:
ƒƒ Civil War begins:
ƒƒ Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield
ƒƒ Fort Sumter, Emancipation Proclamation, Ulysses S. Grant,
hh Phillis Wheatley
Robert E. Lee
ƒƒ George Washington and the New World’s first republic:
hh Stonewall Jackson
ƒƒ Young hero of the French and Indian War
ƒƒ Important Civil War battles
ƒƒ French settle New France
ƒƒ Gettysburg Address
ƒƒ French and Indian War:
ƒƒ Other events of Civil War times:
ƒƒ Fort le Boeuf and George Washington
hh National motto, new songs, American Red Cross
ƒƒ General Braddock
ƒƒ Gospel spreads, Pony Express, transcontinental railroad
hh Fort Duquesne
ƒƒ Rebuilding the South: Booker T. Washington, George Washington
ƒƒ Defeat at Quebec
Carver
ƒƒ Threats to American Freedoms:
ƒƒ The nation grows and prospers:
ƒƒ King George III and the Stamp Act
ƒƒ Western frontier: Indians of the Great Plains, Homestead Act,
ƒƒ The Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party Oklahoma Land Rush
hh The Quebec Act hh Famous westerners: Buffalo Bill, Annie Oakley
ƒƒ Colonists prepare to fight hh James Garfield
ƒƒ Fight for Independence ƒƒ Immigration, revival, industry
ƒƒ Independence for America ƒƒ Inventions: new ways to do things
ƒƒ Building a new nation: hh Norbert Rillieux
hh Civil government hh Granville T. Woods
hh Three branches of government ƒƒ New frontiers: Alaska, Hawaii
hh Rights and responsibilities of Americans ƒƒ Spanish-American War: Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico

History & Geography cont. p. 106

105
GRADE 6
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
History & Geography cont.
History Study cont. hh Mexico (land of the Aztecs): geography, many climates, natural
resources, people, ­cities, recreation, government
ƒƒ Into the twentieth century:
hh Central America (land in ­between):
hh Our country in 1900
hh Mayans: builders of civilization
hh Major world power
hh Climate, natural resources, wildlife
hh Education, religion
hh Countries of Central America
hh Masters of invention and technology
hh West Indies—Islands of the Caribbean:
hh Hall of Fame for Great Americans
hh Land of discovery: rich heritage, from colonial days to modern
hh President Theodore Roosevelt:
days
hh Childhood, public servant, Great White Fleet
hh Exploring the West Indies: islands of mountains and coral, colorful
ƒƒ 26th President, Rough Riders, Panama Canal
creatures on land and in the sea, climate, industry
hh Discovery of the North Pole
hh Cuba: country under Communist dictatorship, desire and need for
hh Sinking of the Titanic capitalism
ƒƒ World War I hh South America:
ƒƒ Between the World Wars: hh Exploring South America: tropical climate and opposite seasons,
ƒƒ Great Depression and plans for peace that failed many nations and varied geography, animal life, abundant national
hh Challenges to Christianity resources
ƒƒ Fighting for freedom: hh The Amazon and its peoples
ƒƒ World between the wars: hh Highlights of South American history: Incas, rule by Spain and Por-
ƒƒ Russia: Communism tugal, struggle for independence, South America’s greatest need
ƒƒ Italy: Fascism hh Nations of South America:

ƒƒ Germany: National Socialism hh Peru: land of Incas

hh Japan: Militarism hh Ecuador

hh World War II: many wars in one hh Bolivia: country with two capitals

hh U.S. enters World War II: hh Colombia, Venezuela, and the Three Guianas

hh Japanese-American patriots hh Brazil (giant of the south): land of the Amazon, historical events,

hh Benjamin O. Davis, Jr.

hh General Douglas MacArthur
ƒƒ Continuing world problems: United Nations, spread of Communism,
Berlin divided, Israel becomes a nation, Korean War
prosperous economy, people, cities
hh Argentina: land of pampas, granary of the south
hh Chile: where land ends
hh Paraguay: from prosperity to poverty

ƒƒ Time for freedom and responsibility: hh Uruguay: industrious little c­ ountry

ƒƒ Years of prosperity and opportunity:
Geography Study
ƒƒ Post-war boom
ƒƒ Atlas facts memorized:
ƒƒ Advances in technology
ƒƒ 9 maps, both physical and political, cover hemispheres, continents,
ƒƒ Freedom and opportunity for all Americans: oceans
hh Jackie Robinson and Mel Martinez
ƒƒ Western Hemisphere: location of straits, bays, gulfs, rivers, lakes,
ƒƒ Preserving freedom in an age of big government: waterfalls, islands, peninsulas and isthmuses, mountain ranges,
ƒƒ Proper role of government mountain peaks, deserts, and highlands
ƒƒ President Eisenhower hh Map mastery countries and cities for the Western Hemisphere:
ƒƒ President Kennedy: hh Canada: 13 provinces and t­ erritories, 8 cities
hh New frontier hh Middle America: 20 countries and dependencies, 12 cities
ƒƒ President Johnson: hh South America: 13 countries, 9 cities
hh Great Society ƒƒ Geography facts memorized:
ƒƒ Return to peace through strength: Ronald Reagan, decline of the ƒƒ Geography terms over land and sea forms (68)
“Evil Empire” ƒƒ Climate zones
ƒƒ Advances for freedom: Operation Desert Storm, collapse of the ƒƒ Using latitude and longitude
Soviet Union
ƒƒ Twentieth century comes to a close: Memory Work
hh Nationwide moral decline: ƒƒ 6 documents:
hh Declining academics and school violence ƒƒ The American’s Creed
hh Whitewater investigation ƒƒ Portion of The Declaration of Independence
ƒƒ Into the new millennium: ƒƒ Preamble to the Constitution
ƒƒ Terrorism strikes again 9/11, “War on Terror” ƒƒ First Amendment to the C­ onstitution
ƒƒ War in Afghanistan ƒƒ The Rights of Americans
ƒƒ Natural disasters ƒƒ Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address
hh Axis of evil, War in Iraq ƒƒ States and capitals
hh Illegal immigration, election 2008 ƒƒ 44 U.S. Presidents
hh Mexico and Central America:
hh Middle America

106
 GRADE 6

Science
Observing God’s World is an excellent bridge between elemen- Added Enrichment
tary and junior high or middle school science. This memorable text ƒƒ Worksheets (24) including: labeling diagrams,
presents the universe as the direct creation of God and refutes the identification, chapter content review
man-made idea of evolution. ƒƒ Suggested:
Observing God’s World features photos, art, and charts that clearly ƒƒ Review games (13)
illustrate the science concepts being taught. Students will apply ƒƒ DVDs (2)
what they have learned by doing projects and experiments both at ƒƒ Adopt-a-Tree poster
home and at school. Some of the topics students will study include ƒƒ Astronomy report
invertebrates, plants, forces of the earth, the universe, space travel,
and matter and chemistry.
Evaluation
ƒƒ Printed quizzes (25)
ƒƒ Homework quizzes (9)
ƒƒ Tests (8)
ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (3)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Plants hh Douglas firs

ƒƒ Leaves: hh Larches: tamarack

hh Photosynthesis in detail, leaf anatomy, tendrils, spines, bulbs, hh Redwoods: giant sequoia, General Sherman tree, bald cypress,

insectivorous plants knees

ƒƒ Roots and stems: hh Cypresses: cedars, junipers, western red cedar, cedar of Leba-

hh Shoot system, taproot, root cap, root hairs

non
hh Epiphytes, cellulose, cell wall
ƒƒ Palms:
hh Fronds
hh Stolon or “runner,” rhizomes, thorns
ƒƒ Flower, fruit, and seed: ƒƒ Coconuts
ƒƒ Flower structure: ƒƒ Plant surprises:
hh Bud, bracts, ovary, ovules, stigma
ƒƒ Ferns:
hh Process of fertilization
ƒƒ Spores
hh Fern anatomy: spore cases, rhizoids, fronds
ƒƒ Fruits:
hh Tree fern
hh Development and scientific definition
ƒƒ Conditions for seed growth ƒƒ Mosses:
hh Moss anatomy
ƒƒ Seed structure:
hh Peat moss
hh Cotyledons
hh Hybrid
ƒƒ Algae:
hh Diatoms, diatomite, dinoflagellates, flagella, filamentous algae
ƒƒ Plant families you should know:
ƒƒ Composite family ƒƒ Seaweeds: blades, air sacs, holdfasts
hh Pea, rose, lily, grass families:
ƒƒ Kelp
hh Algin
hh Cereal grass, turf grass, woody grass
ƒƒ Trees: ƒƒ Carrageenan
hh Perennials, annuals, biennials
ƒƒ Fungi:
hh Saprophytes
ƒƒ Notable trees:
hh California redwood
ƒƒ Parasites
hh Mycelium, hyphae
hh Banyan, candlewood, and baobab trees
ƒƒ Bristlecone pine ƒƒ Molds and mildews:
hh Structure and characteristics
hh Cambium, tree bark
ƒƒ Annual growth rings ƒƒ Penicillin
ƒƒ Broadleaf trees: ƒƒ Mushroom:
hh Structure: fruiting body
hh Hardwoods
ƒƒ Deciduous ƒƒ Yeast
hh Slime molds, lichens
ƒƒ Selected broadleaf trees:
ƒƒ Maples, elms oaks: Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Specific examples, Dutch elm disease hh Recognizing leaf shapes

hh Birches, willows: specific examples hh Coloring carnations

ƒƒ Conifers: hh Demonstrating tropism in plants

hh Types of cones, conifer pollination hh Dissecting a flower

hh Characteristics contrasted with broadleaf trees hh Making bark rubbings

ƒƒ Evergreens hh Working with yeasts

ƒƒ Selected conifers: hh Hunting mushrooms

ƒƒ Pines, hemlocks, firs, spruces: ƒƒ Producing bread mold spores

hh Specific examples
Science cont. p. 108

107
GRADE 6
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Invertebrates hh Life cycle: larva, polyp, medusa

ƒƒ Classification: ƒƒ Portuguese man-of-war

hh Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, scientific ƒƒ Protozoans:
name hh God’s design for variety in the world of invertebrates

ƒƒ Vertebrate, invertebrate hh Cell parts: cell membrane, cytoplasm, organelles, nucleus,

ƒƒ Insects: ­chromosomes
hh General characteristics of anthropods hh Amoeba: pseudopods, food vacuole

ƒƒ Insect anatomy: hh Paramecium: cilia

hh Tracheae, air sacs hh Relationship between protozoans and humans; discovery of

­protozoans
ƒƒ Metamorphosis:
hh Science and great Christians: Jonathan Edwards
ƒƒ Complete
hh Incomplete
Activities & Demonstrations:
hh Observing spiders and their ways
hh Classification
hh Snorkeling for sea invertebrates
hh Familiar orders of insects: Orthoptera, Odonata, Coleoptera,
Homoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Diptera ƒƒ Making exhibits:
ƒƒ Spiders: ƒƒ Insect
hh Arachnids, book lung, details of silk production and use hh Arachnid, crustacean, earthworm, ­mollusk, ocean, protozoan

ƒƒ Selection of spiders:
Geology
hh Trap-weaving, ambushing, and hunting spiders
ƒƒ Earth’s structure:
ƒƒ Swimming spiders:
ƒƒ Crust, mantle, core:
hh Fishing spider
hh Moho
ƒƒ Water spider
ƒƒ Chemical and physical weathering
hh Tarantulas, Goliath birdeater
hh Movements of the crust, plates, mid-oceanic ridges
hh Other arachnids: harvestman, scorpions, ticks, mites
hh Earthquakes: tsunami, tremor, seismology, fault, focus, epicenter,
ƒƒ Crustaceans: magnitude, Richter scale, seismic belts
ƒƒ Regeneration, plankton ƒƒ Volcanoes:
ƒƒ Crabs, lobsters, shrimp: ƒƒ Magma
hh Anatomy, specific examples
hh Magma chamber, vent, Ring of Fire, fumaroles
ƒƒ Barnacles ƒƒ Lava
hh Krill, wood lice
hh Tephra: volcanic ash, bombs and blocks, lapilli
hh Centipedes and millipedes
hh Classification:
ƒƒ Worms: hh By formation: shield, cinder cone, composite, caldera
ƒƒ Earthworms: hh By activity: active, dormant, extinct
hh Castings
hh By kind of eruption: Hawaiian, Strombolian, Plinian
hh Parasitic worms: leeches, tapeworms, roundworms
ƒƒ Igneous rocks:
ƒƒ Mollusks: hh Extrusive, intrusive
hh Mantle
ƒƒ Sedimentary rocks:
ƒƒ Snails and slugs: hh Mechanical, chemical, and organic sediments; breccia, halite,
hh Gastropods gypsum
ƒƒ Univalves ƒƒ Metamorphic rocks:
ƒƒ Cowrie, conch hh Foliated and unfoliated
hh Nudibranch ƒƒ Gems:
ƒƒ Bivalves hh Precious and semiprecious stones
ƒƒ Cephalopods: ƒƒ Diamond:
ƒƒ Jet propulsion; octopus, squid hh Diamond pipe
hh Cuttlefish, nautilus ƒƒ Ruby
ƒƒ Strange sea specimens: hh Sapphire, emerald, red spinel
ƒƒ Sea stars: rays, tube feet ƒƒ Metals:
ƒƒ Sea urchins: hh Precious metal
hh Sand dollar ƒƒ Gold, silver
hh Sea lily, feather star, sea cucumber hh Platinum
hh Sponge ƒƒ Iron:
ƒƒ Sea anemone hh Steel
hh Coral polyp ƒƒ Copper: brass, bronze
hh Hydra hh Aluminum
ƒƒ Jellyfish:
ƒƒ Stinging cells

Science cont. p. 109

108
 GRADE 6
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Science cont.
Geology cont. Activities & Demonstrations:
ƒƒ Fossil fuels: hh Observing friction

ƒƒ Coal: hh Drawing ellipses

hh Types of coal: anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, lignite hh Studying the tail of a comet

hh Coal mining: surface mining, overburden, underground mining hh Learning meteor shower schedules

ƒƒ Petroleum:
Exploring Space
hh Crude oil, hydrocarbons
ƒƒ Understanding light:
hh Finding, recovering, and refining petroleum: fractional distillation
hh Electromagnetic wave
ƒƒ Caves:
ƒƒ Speed of light
hh Cavern, speleology
hh Frequency, wavelength, electromagnetic spectrum
hh Cave types: sea cave, lava cave, solution cave
ƒƒ Instruments of astronomy:
ƒƒ Limestone:
ƒƒ Refracting and reflecting telescope, Hubble Space telescope
hh Calcium carbonate
hh Adaptive optics; spectroscope, radio telescopes
ƒƒ Cave formations:
ƒƒ Principles of space flight:
ƒƒ Stalactites, stalagmites
ƒƒ Astronauts
hh Soda straws, columns, draperies, flowstones, moon milk, cave
hh Objects and satellites in orbit
rafts, cave pearls
hh Sir Isaac Newton: discoverer of God’s laws
hh Life in caves: trogloxenes, troglophiles, troglobites
hh Race to the moon: Sputnik and Explorer I, Gemini and Apollo
ƒƒ Earth’s magnetic field:
programs
ƒƒ Basics of magnetism
hh Space stations: Salyut, Skylab, Mir, International Space Station
hh Magnetic vs. geographic poles of Earth
hh Space shuttle and beyond: private space flights, return trips to moon
hh The source of Earth’s magnetism: electromagnet
hh Satellites and space probes: communication, weather, naviga-
ƒƒ The magnetosphere: solar wind, auroras tional, earth observation, military, and astronomical satellites; space
Activities & Demonstrations: probes
ƒƒ Demonstrating: hh Exploring:
ƒƒ Weathering from water and plants hh Inner planets: detailed description of Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars
hh Weathering from chemicals hh Outer planets: detailed description of Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus,
hh Making a volcano Neptune
hh Demonstrating: hh Space explorers: William and Caroline Herschel

hh Igneous rock textures with fudge ƒƒ Origin of the universe: God created
hh Stratification of sedimentary rock Activities & Demonstrations:
ƒƒ Growing salt crystals; rock hounding; testing for calcium ƒƒ Observing: reflection and refraction; the sights in night sky
carbonate
hh Growing stalactites
Matter & Chemistry
ƒƒ Materials and matter:
God’s Great Universe ƒƒ Mass, weight, density
ƒƒ What space is like: vacuum, temperature extremes hh Measuring density
ƒƒ Galaxies: ƒƒ Atoms:
ƒƒ Galaxy, Milky Way hh Anatomy of an atom
hh Local group; notable galaxies, supercluster ƒƒ Electrons
hh Galactic shapes: spiral, barred spiral, elliptical, irregular hh Protons, neutrons, atomic number
hh Nebulae hh Elements: definition of an ­element, selected elements
ƒƒ Constellations: ƒƒ Groups of elements:
hh Cassiopeia, Cepheus, Andromeda, Pegasus, Cygnus, Draco, Taurus, hh Periodic table, metals, nonmetals, semimetals
Sagittarius, Centaurus hh Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases
ƒƒ Stars: ƒƒ Molecules and compounds:
ƒƒ Structure and atmosphere of the sun: hh Definition of compound, formulas of compounds, nonmolecular
hh Granule, spicule, solar prominence, solar flare compounds
hh Light year, star magnitude, colors and categories, supernova hh Nonionic crystals, compounds vs. mixtures, chemical reactions
hh Early ideas in astronomy: earth-centered universe, sun-centered ƒƒ Robert Boyle: pioneer of modern chemistry
­universe, ellipse, three laws of planetary motion, gravity Activities & Demonstrations:
ƒƒ Exploring the solar system: overview of planets, moons hh Observing elements
ƒƒ Earth: revolution, rotation, atmosphere, ozone layer, greenhouse hh Separating mixtures
effect
hh Observing chemical reactions
ƒƒ Moon: lunar month, phases, the moon and tides
ƒƒ Smaller space travelers:
hh Asteroids, comets
ƒƒ Meteors:
hh Meteorite, impacts

109
GRADE 6

Health
Choosing Good Health places special emphasis on the study of the endocrine, immune, and nervous systems.
Students become familiar with major health concerns such as drug abuse and AIDS, and discover the physical,
mental, social, and spiritual effects of these problems on the individual and on the nation. A proper attitude toward
safety is stressed in Choosing Good Health, teaching students personal responsibility for safety behavior. Students
learn to recognize symptoms requiring emergency aid and practice basic first-aid procedures for minor injuries.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Worksheets (11) including: chapter
content review; body systems con-
tent; locating and identifying body
systems and parts
ƒƒ Physical exercises (15)
ƒƒ Mental exercises (7) ƒƒ Printed quizzes (8)
ƒƒ Demonstrations (2): checking your ƒƒ Homework quizzes (2)
pulse; checking your field of vision ƒƒ Tests (4)
ƒƒ Review games (17)
ƒƒ Optional CD and DVD

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Safety & First Aid ƒƒ Importance of good nutrition: balanced diet, vitamins, minerals
ƒƒ Safety: ƒƒ Physical fitness needed:
ƒƒ Personal safety: ƒƒ Circulatory system: aerobic exercises
ƒƒ Poison prevention ƒƒ Respiratory system: alveoli, diaphragm
ƒƒ Electrical shock, fire and  burn prevention ƒƒ Muscular system:
ƒƒ Passenger safety ƒƒ Muscle names
ƒƒ Strangers: A Healthy Mind & Body
ƒƒ Recreational safety: ƒƒ Your body’s defenses:
ƒƒ Bicycle and walking safety ƒƒ Immunity and disease-causing microorganisms:
ƒƒ Water safety: ƒƒ Microbes, viruses, bacteria
ƒƒ Dealing with poisonous plants, ticks, and poisonous snakes ƒƒ Skin layers, mucus membrane, cilia
ƒƒ Environmental safety in: ƒƒ Protein products:
ƒƒ Thunderstorms, hurricanes, tornadoes: ƒƒ Disease fighters: antibodies
ƒƒ First Aid: ƒƒ Protection through prevention:
ƒƒ Basic first aid: ƒƒ Vaccines:
ƒƒ Sports aid: muscles and bones: ƒƒ Healthful foods:
ƒƒ Strain, sprain ƒƒ Prevent rickets, osteoporosis
ƒƒ Simple and compound fracture: ƒƒ Rest and sleep, daily exercise
ƒƒ Skin-deep irritations: ƒƒ Nervous system:
ƒƒ Abrasions ƒƒ Peripheral nervous system:
ƒƒ Nosebleeds, insect stings, contact poisoning ƒƒ Involuntary actions
hh Critical conditions: ƒƒ Nerves and senses:
ƒƒ Not breathing: ƒƒ Taste buds
hh Choking: Heimlich maneuver ƒƒ Optic nerve
ƒƒ Poison: ƒƒ Drug use and abuse:
ƒƒ Substance swallowed ƒƒ Use of drugs:
ƒƒ Poison bite: ƒƒ Helpful drugs, antibiotics
hh Burns: ƒƒ Abuse of drugs:
Growth & Fitness ƒƒ Spiritual life: spiritual food, spiritual exercise, spiritual rest
ƒƒ Your changing body:
hh Maintaining an active lifestyle:

Bible
DANIEL
Sixth graders are looking for heroes, and they will find many to pattern their lives after as Evaluation
Flash-a-Card

they study such outstanding Old Testament figures as Daniel, Elijah, and Esther. They will ƒƒ Graded memory verse
also learn many important values by studying stories such as the parables of Jesus. These passages (8)
stories teach students about being compassionate, having faith in God’s provision, know- ƒƒ Content tests (5)
ing that God still loves His wayward children, anticipating Christ’s return, and praying for
6 Lessons • 32 Cards
1 Daniel’s Daring Decision
2 Nebuchadnezzar’s Dream of
World Empires
3 Deliverance from the Fiery Furnace
specific things. Those attributes are just a few important truths that each sixth grader will
learn and can apply to his life.
4 The Humbling of Nebuchadnezzar
5 The Handwriting on the Wall
6 Daniel in the Lions’ Den
Lesson Guide Included
Daniel in the Lions’ Den
´;.^!I¨
27146201
abeka.com

Lessons 435 Abeka Flash-a-Cards ƒƒ Parables of Jesus Series 1 and 2 (12)

ƒƒ Salvation Series (5 lessons) ƒƒ Elijah (6); Daniel (6); Esther (5); Ezra and Nehemiah (7)
ƒƒ Life of Christ Series (36): First Christmas; Boyhood and Early ƒƒ The First Thanksgiving
Ministry of Jesus; Jesus Heals and Helps; Later Ministry of Jesus;
Crucifixion and Resurrection Bible cont. p. 111

110
 GRADE 6
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Bible cont.
Music 54 songs Prayer Time
ƒƒ Choruses, hymns of the faith, and holiday and patriotic songs ƒƒ Learn to pray with thanks­giving for each other, our nation, those in
including: authority over us
hh 20 new hymns and songs; 8 new choruses
Sword Drills
Memory Work ƒƒ Learn to quickly find 114 Old and New Testament references
hh New individual verses (13); passages (9) containing 31 verses
ƒƒ Review verses (86)
Doctrinal Drill 60 questions/answers
ƒƒ Increase Bible knowledge of basic doctrines: the Bible, God, sin,
salvation, heaven, assurance of salvation
ƒƒ 8 questions with verses to m
­ emorize as answers

Music
Songs We Enjoy 6 brings together traditional, patriotic, holiday, and fun songs that have become a
part of our American heritage. Historical and cultural information, definitions for unfamiliar words,
and other enrichment ideas are included throughout this book. The sing-along CD makes song
time easy for the teacher and enjoyable for the students.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development 66 songs
ƒƒ Follow a song leader while singing with class or CD
hh Define and understand 37 unfamiliar words and phrases in lyrics
ƒƒ Sing in rounds and echo sing; sing with dynamic contrasts
ƒƒ Improve coordination skills with songs that require hand motions
ƒƒ Learn historical facts through patriotic, folk, and Americana songs
Variety of Songs to Memorize
ƒƒ Folk, patriotic, A
­ mericana, fun, holiday, songs at sea, spirituals, and 
hymns

Arts & Crafts

Art C encourages students to keep drawing and creating their own works of Added Enrichment
art. As they follow the step-by-step format, students will be excited with their ƒƒ Introduction to influential artists:
increasing ability to draw. They will learn new art concepts such as two-point N. C. Wyeth, Adam Clague, Thomas
perspective and composition. In addition to using mixed media to create Sully, Bonnie Kwan Huo, and Brian Jekel
collages and three-dimensional sculptures, students will use colored pencils ƒƒ Art forms: woodcut, origami, abstract,
and watercolor paints or markers. Students will also become acquainted with calligraphy, collage, still life, and land-
different styles of art by studying the work of accomplished artists. scapes
ƒƒ Introduction to popular prints and works
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skill & Concept Development 38 projects hh Figures (1)

ƒƒ Value (12) ƒƒ Animated expression and cartoons (1)

hh Overlapping (1)
hh Perspective: one- and two-point; foreshortening (7)
hh Proportion: facial, body; size distance relations (6)
ƒƒ Enlarging (1)
ƒƒ Analogous, primary, secondary, and intermediate hues (17) ƒƒ Modeling:
hh Mixed-media shaping (5)
ƒƒ Complements (3)
hh Composition (3)
ƒƒ Painting:
ƒƒ Washes, watercolors (4)
ƒƒ Symmetry (2)
hh Masks (2)
hh Mood: using color (1)
ƒƒ Resists (1)
Technique Development hh Streaking, dabbing (3)
ƒƒ Drawing: ƒƒ Spattering (2)
ƒƒ Sketching, shading, shapes (4) hh Dry brushing (2)
ƒƒ Chalking (2)

111
GRADE 7

ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition

Grammar and Composition I's purpose is to emphasize the orderly structure of our language and
to train students to use the English language effectively. The Christian perspective of this textbook
Sixth Edition
promotes standards of correct grammar and usage, equipping students with the tools they need to
become effective communicators in both speaking and writing.
Students will learn to recognize the different parts of speech, fit these parts of speech together to
form sentences, join sentences together to make paragraphs, and organize paragraphs into com-
positions. They will also learn to develop complete and orderly thoughts and to communicate those
thoughts clearly and concisely, so that they can use God’s gift of language effectively.

Added Enrichment Evaluation Compositions

ƒƒ English DTAs ƒƒ Grammar quizzes (21) ƒƒ Essays (Answer, Informative,
ƒƒ Review games ƒƒ Tests (8), quarter exams (2) Narrative, Process)
ƒƒ Grammar Court procedures ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam ƒƒ Letters
explained ƒƒ Compositions ƒƒ Summaries
ƒƒ Character sketch
ƒƒ Book reports
ƒƒ Research paper

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar ƒƒ Colons:
ƒƒ Capitalization: ƒƒ Before a list of items
ƒƒ Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns: ƒƒ Between
ƒƒ Particular persons, places, things ƒƒ Chapter and verse of Bible reference
ƒƒ Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture ƒƒ Hour and minute of time reference
ƒƒ Words from proper nouns ƒƒ After salutation of a business letter
ƒƒ Common noun or adjective when part of proper name ƒƒ Italics: for titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of
art, ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft
ƒƒ Titles of persons, titles of works
ƒƒ Hyphens:
ƒƒ First word of every sentence
ƒƒ To divide a word at the end of line
ƒƒ Pronoun I and interjection O
ƒƒ In compound numbers
ƒƒ First word of every line of poetry
ƒƒ In fractions
ƒƒ Punctuation:
ƒƒ Quotation Marks:
ƒƒ End marks:
ƒƒ In a direct quotation
ƒƒ Period for declarative sentences and abbreviations
ƒƒ To enclose titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and
ƒƒ Period or exclamation point for an imperative sentence
other parts of books or magazines
ƒƒ Question mark for interrogative sentences
ƒƒ Apostrophes:
ƒƒ Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences
ƒƒ To form possessive case of nouns
ƒƒ Commas:
ƒƒ To show omissions from words
ƒƒ Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent
ƒƒ With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words used
clauses
as words
ƒƒ To indicate:
ƒƒ The sentence:
ƒƒ Omissions or avoid possible misreading
ƒƒ Recognizing eight parts of speech
ƒƒ Nonessential elements in a sentence:
ƒƒ Definition of sentence
ƒƒAppositive and appositive phrase
ƒƒ Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative,
ƒƒDirect address interrogative, exclamatory
ƒƒWell, yes, no, or why ƒƒ Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject,
ƒƒParenthetical expressions complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase
hh To set off introductory phrases or clauses ƒƒ Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs:
ƒƒ In dates and addresses ƒƒ Finding:
ƒƒ After salutations and closings of letters ƒƒ Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, sen-
ƒƒ Semicolons: tence beginning with there or here
ƒƒ Between independent clauses: ƒƒ Subject of an imperative sentence
ƒƒ If not using coordinating conjunction ƒƒ Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words
ƒƒ If joined by ƒƒ Diagramming subjects and verbs
hh Transitional words ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming compound subjects and verbs
ƒƒCoordinating conjunction if clauses already contain commas ƒƒ Locating complements

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 113

112
 GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. hh Adverb clauses

ƒƒ The sentence cont.: ƒƒ Correct placement of adverb modifiers

ƒƒ Correcting fragments and run-on sentences ƒƒ Using adverbs in comparison
ƒƒ Parts of speech: ƒƒ Prepositions:
ƒƒ Verbs: ƒƒ Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects of
prepositions
ƒƒ Recognizing action, linking, and helping verbs
ƒƒ Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs
hh Distinguishing verbs from verbals
ƒƒ Using prepositions correctly
ƒƒ Using principal parts of verbs
ƒƒ Conjunctions:
ƒƒ Regular verb endings
ƒƒ Recognizing:
ƒƒ Irregular verbs
ƒƒ Coordinating and correlative conjunctions
ƒƒ Using correct principal parts
hh Subordinating conjunctions
ƒƒ Verb tense
ƒƒ Interjections
hh Using consistent verb tense
ƒƒ Sentence structure:
ƒƒ Avoid incorrect verb forms
hh Defining dependent and independent clauses
ƒƒ Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming:
ƒƒ Nouns:
ƒƒ Simple and compound sentences
ƒƒ Recognizing nouns: compound, common, and proper
hh Complex and compound-complex sentences
hh Recognizing collective nouns
ƒƒ Keeping agreement of subject and verb Composition
ƒƒ Recognizing nouns as predicate nominatives, direct objects, hh Manuscript form: abbreviations, numbers
indirect objects, objects of prepositions, direct address hh Essay Answer
ƒƒ Diagramming nouns as predicate nominatives, direct objects, ƒƒ Writing Letters:
indirect objects, objects of prepositions
ƒƒ Friendly: letter parts, thank-you note
hh Recognizing and diagramming nouns as appositives
hh Business: letter parts, appropriateness
ƒƒ Pronouns:
hh Summaries
ƒƒ Antecedents
ƒƒ The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit
ƒƒ Recognizing:
ƒƒ Outline:
ƒƒ Personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite, compound
ƒƒ Topical outline
hh Relative pronouns
ƒƒ Sentence outline
ƒƒ Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects
ƒƒ Format of outline
ƒƒ Nominative case:
hh Parallelism in an outline
ƒƒ For subjects and predicate nominatives
ƒƒ Steps to preparing an outline
hh For appositives of subjects and appositives of predicate nomi-
ƒƒ Book reports:
natives
ƒƒ Preparing:
ƒƒ Objective case:
ƒƒ Written book reports including introduction, body, conclusion
ƒƒ For direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions
ƒƒ Oral book reports: written preparation and oral presentation
hh For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
prepositions ƒƒ Introducing paragraphs:
ƒƒ Possessive case ƒƒ Topic sentence
ƒƒ Adjectives: ƒƒ Summarizing sentence
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming: ƒƒ Paragraph development with details
ƒƒ Adjectives and proper adjectives ƒƒ Paragraph unity
hh Participles
ƒƒ Paragraph coherence:
ƒƒ Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns ƒƒ Chronological order, order of importance, and transitional
expressions
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming predicate adjectives
hh Space order, pronoun reference, and repetition
ƒƒ Using and diagramming:
hh Informative Essay
ƒƒ Prepositional phrases as adjectives
hh Writing descriptions: character sketch
hh Participial phrases as adjectives
hh Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement of
hh Adjective clauses
details, use of exact nouns and verbs
ƒƒ Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers
ƒƒ The library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress Classifi-
ƒƒ Using adjectives in comparison cation System, using the catalog and reference section
ƒƒ Avoiding double comparison and double negatives ƒƒ Research paper:
ƒƒ Adverbs: ƒƒ Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, noting bib-
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming adverbs liography information, making a preliminary outline, taking notes,
ƒƒ Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives avoiding plagiarism
ƒƒ Using and diagramming: ƒƒ Writing the paper: introduction, body, conclusion
ƒƒ Prepositional phrases as adverbs hh Using parenthetical citations

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 114

113
GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Composition cont. hh Preparing works cited page

ƒƒ Rewriting the paper: hh Finalizing the paper

ƒƒ Check: hh Documenting the research paper

ƒƒ Organization, introduction, and conclusion hh Narrative Essay

hh Unity, coherence, and citations hh Process Essay

ƒƒ Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word; capitali­

zation and punctuation

ENGLISH: Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry

Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry I emphasizes the application of spelling rules to lists of challenging words
and the utilization of an expanded vocabulary. All of the spelling words are practical, and many are
Sixth
Edition
words that are frequently misspelled. A majority of the vocabulary words are taken from the stories in Of
People. The goals of poetry recitation and memorization are an enjoyment and appreciation of poetic
beauty and excellence.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ English DTAs
ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary lists (28)
including review list at end of each
quarter:
ƒƒ Spelling words (560)
ƒƒ Vocabulary words (280)
ƒƒ Organized by spelling rules, suffixes,
­homonyms, compound words, and
commonly misspelled words
ƒƒ Application exercises (56)
ƒƒ Review exercises (17) ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary quizzes:
ƒƒ Each vocabulary word includes: ƒƒ Weekly (28)
ƒƒ Pronunciation, part of speech ƒƒ Quarterly review (1 each quarter;
each counts as 2 quiz grades)
ƒƒ Synonyms, antonyms, related forms
ƒƒ Poetry quizzes:
ƒƒ Definition, sample sentence
ƒƒ Written (7)
ƒƒ Pronunciation key
ƒƒ Oral (2)
ƒƒ Teacher resource: spelling and
vocabulary mastery sentences
ƒƒ Poetry teacher resource: introductions
for each poem

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development ƒƒ Change y to i when adding suffixes

hh Master spelling and vocabulary lists that include: ƒƒ Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel
hh Vocabulary words and definitions ƒƒ Learn exceptions to the spelling rules
hh Words that follow the spelling rules hh Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of the
two parts
hh Sound-alike suffixes
hh Adding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spelling
hh Commonly misspelled words
hh Homonyms Poetry Skills Development
ƒƒ Use vocabulary words in sentences and in proper context hh Memorize 7 lyrical poems and 1 hymn
ƒƒ Memorize vocabulary definitions ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry
ƒƒ Be able to identify commonly misspelled words ƒƒ Lay foundation for future literature study
ƒƒ Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed ƒƒ Perform in front of an audience
oral practice and independent written practice ƒƒ Recite in unison
hh Learn:
ƒƒ Use appropriate expression and volume
hh Synonyms and antonyms of vocabulary words
ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
hh To distinguish between homophones
ƒƒ Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content
hh Practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys to Good
ƒƒ Develop a mental visualization of the poem
Spelling
ƒƒ Discuss meaning and purpose of poems
ƒƒ Spelling rules:
ƒƒ Use proper observation of punctuation
ƒƒ Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like long a
ƒƒ Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with
a vowel

114
 GRADE 7

ENGLISH: Literature
Of People features stories and poems that can help students increase their understanding of
the world, man, and God from a Christian perspective. Students will gain exposure to people
Fifth Edition
of different ages, nationalities, races, cultures, and economic levels to develop a better under-
standing of people’s motives and feelings and to recognize the consequences of particular
actions. Students will also become familiar with classics such as A Christmas Carol, Robinson
Crusoe, Don Quixote, and Of Plymouth Plantation.

Literary Value Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ 93 authors, including well-known writers
such as Louisa May Alcott, John Bunyan,
Charles Dickens, Robert Frost, and ­Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow
ƒƒ Prose selections (50), poems (63), plays (4)
ƒƒ Character-building themes such as
personal sacrifice, importance of family,
admitting one’s mistakes, and hard-work
ethics
ƒƒ Literary terms such as alliteration, conflict,
personification, simile, setting, and pro-
tagonist and antagonist
ƒƒ Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar words ƒƒ Speed and comprehension quizzes (14)
ƒƒ Comprehension and discussion questions after with English DTA words-per-minute timer
selections ƒƒ Homework reading quizzes (20)
ƒƒ Character-building quotations and verses ƒƒ Tests (12), quarter exams (2)
throughout ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Introductory paragraphs for interest and back-
ground information
ƒƒ Author biographies and photos for important
authors to know
ƒƒ Suggested compositions (descriptions, summaries,
poems, narratives, and imaginative stories)
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development Comprehension, Discussion & Analysis

ƒƒ Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension
ƒƒ Further develop oral reading skills
hh Be able to identify significant quotations and the selection in which
they are featured
ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
hh Recognize basic literary devices in the selection
Skills Development
hh Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture
ƒƒ Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and
discussion questions
ƒƒ Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and
effect, and draw conclusions
hh Apply literary devices throughout the text
hh Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading

MATHEMATICS: Intermediate Mathematics

Intermediate Mathematics gives a strong review of all arithmetic concepts with practical Evaluation
application to daily life. With solid skills in arithmetic, students have the confidence to advance ƒƒ Quizzes (47)
to other branches of mathematics. Instruction in plane and solid geometry, probability and
ƒƒ Tests (8)
Work-text

statistics, and algebra (four units) provides the foundation students need to enjoy success in
ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (2)
future mathematics courses.
ƒƒ Semester exam
Practice and review problems in each lesson give sufficient opportunity for students to develop ƒƒ Final exam
and maintain their skills while learning to work quickly and accurately. Word problems and
problem-solving strategies throughout the text ensure that students can apply their
mathematical skills to everyday situations and encourage students to connect varying types of
mathematical knowledge. Fast Fact opportunities allow for further expansion of the concepts
covered.
Features ƒƒ Chapter reviews (12)
ƒƒ Flexible pacing options in curriculum: Fast Facts (35) ƒƒ Nine-weeks reviews (2)
ƒƒ Review exercises in every section (81) ƒƒ Semester review
ƒƒ Mid-chapter reviews (14) ƒƒ Final review

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers ƒƒ Rounding: whole numbers, decimals, money

ƒƒ Arabic system hh Types of numbers

ƒƒ Place value hh Counting (natural), whole, positive, negative, integer

ƒƒ Decimal system/powers of ten hh Rational/irrational numbers

ƒƒ Whole numbers up to 100 millions place hh Absolute value

ƒƒ Decimals up to ten thousandths place ƒƒ Comparing numbers

Intermediate Mathematics cont. p. 116

115
GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Intermediate Mathematics cont.
Numbers cont. ƒƒ Changing a fraction to a decimal
ƒƒ Number line hh Unit price

hh Scientific Notation
ƒƒ Word problems
ƒƒ Ratios
hh Standard form
ƒƒ Antecedent, consequent
hh Sequences, numerical
ƒƒ Expressing/reading
hh Arithmetic, geometric ƒƒ Word problems
hh Common difference
hh Common ratio Decimals
hh Finding the next term
ƒƒ Types:
hh Sequences, visual
ƒƒ Terminating, repeating
ƒƒ Rational, irrational
Factoring ƒƒ Changing a decimal to a fraction
ƒƒ Rules of divisibility
ƒƒ Prime Factoring Percent, percentage, base
ƒƒ Prime/Composite numbers ƒƒ Expressing:
ƒƒ Prime to each other ƒƒ Percent as a decimal
ƒƒ Fundamental theorem of arithmetic ƒƒ Decimal as a percent
ƒƒ Division by primes/Factor Tree ƒƒ Fraction as a percent
ƒƒ Greatest common factor ƒƒ Percent as a fraction
ƒƒ Least common multiple ƒƒ Fractional percent as a decimal
ƒƒ Exponent/base ƒƒ Percentage
hh Factorial ƒƒ Simple interest
ƒƒ Discount and sale price
Arithmetic ƒƒ More or less in percent
ƒƒ Estimation ƒƒ Percent
ƒƒ Order of operation ƒƒ Rate of discount
ƒƒ Parentheses ƒƒ Percent of change
hh Brackets, braces, fraction bar ƒƒ Base
ƒƒ Addition
ƒƒ Addend, sum, annex Geometry
ƒƒ Whole numbers, fractions, decimals hh Plane figure notation
hh Signed numbers ƒƒ Plane figures
hh Additive inverse ƒƒ Plane, point, line, line segment, ray, angle
ƒƒ Subtraction ƒƒ Intersecting, parallel, or perpendicular lines
ƒƒ Minuend, subtrahend, difference ƒƒ Polygon, closed figures
ƒƒ Whole numbers, fractions, decimals ƒƒ Side, vertex
hh Signed numbers ƒƒ Triangle, pentagon, hexagon, octagon
ƒƒ Multiplication ƒƒ Quadrilateral, rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoid
ƒƒ Factor, partial product, product ƒƒ Similar polygons
ƒƒ Whole numbers, fractions, decimals ƒƒ Congruent polygons
ƒƒ Powers of ten ƒƒ Line symmetry
hh Signed numbers ƒƒ Perimeter: polygon, rectangle, square, any polygon with equal sides
ƒƒ By zero ƒƒ Angles: acute, obtuse, right, straight, reflex
ƒƒ Division hh Pairs of angles: vertical, adjacent, complementary, supplementary
ƒƒ Dividend, divisor, quotient, remainder ƒƒ Measuring and drawing angles
ƒƒ Whole numbers, fractions, decimals
ƒƒ Using a protractor and compass
hh Signed numbers
hh Constructing angles
ƒƒ Powers of ten
ƒƒ Triangles: acute, obtuse, right, equiangular, equilateral, isosceles,
ƒƒ Word problems
scalene
ƒƒ Problem Solving Strategies
hh Drawing triangles
hh Properties of arithmetic
hh Included side or angle
hh Commutative
hh Triangles formed: 0, 1, 2, or infinitely many
hh Associative
hh Ambiguous case
hh Distributive
ƒƒ Circles
hh Applying properties
ƒƒ Center, radius, diameter, arc, semicircle, chord, central angle,
Fractions subtended
ƒƒ Numerator, denominator ƒƒ Sum of central angles: 360º
ƒƒ Types: ƒƒ Circumference with radius or diameter
ƒƒ Proper, improper, mixed number ƒƒ Area
hh Complex, reciprocal ƒƒ rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle, circle, trapezoid
ƒƒ Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division
hh using a grid and scale
ƒƒ Least common denominator
hh Complex figures using addition or subtraction
hh Simplifying complex fractions

Intermediate Mathematics cont. p. 117

116
 GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Intermediate Mathematics cont.
Geometry cont. hh Theoretical probability
hh Experimental probability
hh Three-dimensional figures
hh Relative frequency table (one way)
hh Face, edge, base
hh Rectangular prism, cube, triangular prism, square pyramid, cylin- Statistics
der, cone, sphere hh Data, statistic, statistics
hh Surface area hh Frequency table
hh Rectangular prism, cube, square pyramid, cylinder hh Population, sample, random sample

hh Lateral surface area hh Biased questions

hh Rectangular prism, cube, cylinder

ƒƒ Measures of center: Mean, median, mode
ƒƒ Range
hh Volume
hh Outliers, sensitive
hh Rectangular prism, cube, cylinder, cone
ƒƒ Ranked data
hh Cross Sections
hh Dot plot

Measurement Statistical Representation

ƒƒ Linear
hh Chart title, scale, category label, axis title, major/minor gridlines,
ƒƒ U.S. Customary: inch, foot, yard, mile legend
ƒƒ Metric: millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, meter, decameter, hec- ƒƒ Bar graph, stacked bar graph
tometer, kilometer
ƒƒ Interpreting/constructing
ƒƒ Capacity
ƒƒ Circle graph
ƒƒ U.S. Customary: fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushel,
ƒƒ Interpreting/constructing
teaspoon, tablespoon
hh Box-and-whisker plot
ƒƒ Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter
hh Dispersion, range
ƒƒ Weight
ƒƒ U.S. Customary: ounce, pound, ton hh Five-number summary

ƒƒ Mass: hh Minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, maximum

ƒƒ Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, hecto- hh Interpreting/constructing
gram, kilogram hh Comparing two plots
ƒƒ Biblical Measures hh Stem-and-leaf plot
ƒƒ Weight: Shekel hh Stem, leaf, class
ƒƒ Money: talent, mite hh Interpreting/constructing
ƒƒ Length: cubit hh Histogram
ƒƒ Converting between U.S. Customary measures hh Class, frequency
ƒƒ Single conversion factor hh Interpreting/constructing
ƒƒ Multiple conversion factors ƒƒ Line graph
ƒƒ Converting between metric measures hh Comparing two lines on the same graph
hh Converting between square measures
ƒƒ Interpreting/constructing
ƒƒ Time hh Straight, curved, or broken
ƒƒ Second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, decade, score of
years, century, millennium Graphing on the Cartesian Plane
ƒƒ solar year, calendar year, leap year hh Cartesian plane, origin, x-axis, y-axis, quadrants, point, ordered pair
hh 24-hour time hh x-intercept, y-intercept
ƒƒ Elapsed time ƒƒ Plotting points
ƒƒ Mixed measures hh Coordinate geometry, transformations
ƒƒ Express a mixed measure as a single measure hh Translation
ƒƒ Add, subtract, multiply, divide hh Preimage, image,
hh Dimensional analysis hh Rigid transformation
hh Express conversion factor as a ratio hh Reflection
hh Convert between U.S. Customary or time measures hh Slope
hh Rise, run,
Probability hh Positive, negative, zero
hh Counting hh Parallel and perpendicular slopes
hh Outcome hh Graphing a line
hh Exhaustive list, tree diagram hh Using two points
hh Fundamental theorem of counting hh Using a point and a slope
ƒƒ Basic probability hh Using a table of values
hh Outcome, event, hh Using slope-intercept form
hh Properties of probability hh Linear equations
hh Each probability 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, hh Input, output, independent variable, dependent variable, equation
hh Sum = 1 hh Slope-intercept form
hh Complement hh Direct Variation
hh Compound probability hh Constant of variation
hh Compound events hh Proportional/nonproportional
hh Mutually exclusive hh Word problems
hh Independent
hh Dependent

Intermediate Mathematics cont. p. 118

117
GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Intermediate Mathematics cont.
Algebra Equations/Inequalities
hh Variable, constant ƒƒ Solving, isolating
hh Notation hh Inverse operation
ƒƒ Raised dot, side-by-side, parentheses ƒƒ Solving equations
hh Fraction bar hh Addition property of equality

hh Factors hh Multiplication property of equality

hh Numerical coefficient hh Both properties

hh Term hh Word problems

hh Addition property of equality
hh Constant term
hh Multiplication property of equality
hh Variable term
hh Both properties
hh Polynomial
hh With multiple unknowns
hh Monomial, binomial, trinomial
ƒƒ Proportions
hh Evaluation
ƒƒ Means, extremes
hh Algebraic translation
ƒƒ Cross multiplication
hh Polynomial arithmetic
ƒƒ Scale drawings, maps
hh Adding like terms ƒƒ Word problems
hh Multiplying/dividing like bases hh Similarity
hh Negative exponents hh Similar polygons
hh Raising a power to a power hh Word problems
hh Multiplying/dividing monomials hh Pure quadratic equation
hh Multiplying a polynomial by a monomial hh Pythagorean theorem
hh Dividing a polynomial by a monomial hh Inequality graphing

hh Factoring out a monomial hh <, >, ≤, ≥, ≠

hh Open dot, closed dot
Radicals hh Solution
ƒƒ Perfect square, perfect cube hh Compound inequality

ƒƒ Radical symbol, index (indices), radicand hh Solving inequalities

hh Addition property of inequality
ƒƒ Square root, cube root
hh Multiplication property of inequality
hh Expressing a radical as a fractional exponent
hh Both properties
hh Finding rational roots using fractional exponents
hh Compound
hh Estimating irrational roots
hh Addition property of inequality
hh Multiplication property of inequality

HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: World History

History of the World is presented from a conservative, Christian perspective as part of a well-rounded program designed to
give students a better understanding and a working knowledge of the geography of the Eastern Hemisphere. The interest-
ing narrative style of the text and the many illustrations, maps, and photographs invite students to explore the past and learn
about the people behind the events of world history.
The goal of the text is threefold: first, to show God’s hand in the history of the world; second, to emphasize the role of
individuals in history; and third, to teach the many ­lessons that can be learned from history. Above all, History of the World
emphasizes the providence of God in the actions of men. It provides students with heroes to emulate and goals to fulfill by
focusing on the individuals whose character, initiative, and hard work have made a positive impact on world history.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Special feature boxes (42):
ƒƒ Highlight important people and events of history
ƒƒ Present fascinating facts and intriguing details
from a Christian perspective
ƒƒ Introduce the foundations of history and place
importance on knowing current history
ƒƒ Maps correlating to text (62)
ƒƒ Review quizzes (40)
ƒƒ Reading quizzes (27)
ƒƒ Current event reports (31; each presentation counts as quiz grade)
ƒƒ Geography projects (13; each counts as quiz grade)
ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

World History cont. p. 119

118
 GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: World History cont.
Beginning of World History: The Middle Ages & the Distortion
The Ancient Middle East of Christianity
ƒƒ The beginning: ƒƒ Early church history
ƒƒ Creation hh New Testament
ƒƒ Fall of man: ƒƒ Early church
hh Cain, Abel, Seth hh Rise of Roman church and popes
hh Capital punishment hh Islam and the Crusades
ƒƒ Flood ƒƒ Mohammed and Islam
ƒƒ Dispersion hh Europe’s Crusades:
ƒƒ From Sumer to Canaan hh Christendom and Islam: checks and balances
ƒƒ Sumerian civilization and religion hh From empire to feudalism
ƒƒ Call of Abraham hh Merovingian and Carolingian Kings:
ƒƒ Hammurabi and Babylon hh Papal states
hh Patriarchs in Canaan hh Charlemagne and his empire
ƒƒ Down to Egypt hh Treaty of Verdun
ƒƒ Egyptian civilization hh Feudalism
ƒƒ Hebrew exodus: ƒƒ Age of Darkness
hh God’s judgment through the plagues ƒƒ Distorted Christianity:
ƒƒ Israel in its land hh Doctrines of the Roman church
ƒƒ Ten Commandments hh Scholasticism
ƒƒ Conquest of Canaan ƒƒ Holy Roman Empire
hh Samuel ƒƒ Renaissance
ƒƒ David and Solomon
Beginning of the Modern Age
hh Division of Israel
ƒƒ Protestant Reformation
ƒƒ Phoenicians and Hittites
ƒƒ Forerunners of the Reformation
New Empires & Cultures ƒƒ John Wycliffe and John Huss
ƒƒ Assyria, Babylon, and Persia ƒƒ Inquisition
ƒƒ Assyrian Empire: ƒƒ Gutenberg and the printing press
hh Shalmaneser V and Ashurbanipal hh Erasmus
ƒƒ Chaldean Empire: Nebuchadnezzar ƒƒ Martin Luther:
ƒƒ Persian Empire: Cyrus the Great: hh Luther’s reforms
hh Darius and the Royal Road hh Zwingli and Calvin
ƒƒ Greece hh Anabaptists and Mennonites
ƒƒ Early Greek civilization: ƒƒ Post-Reformation Europe
hh Dorians hh Peasant’s Revolt
ƒƒ Homer and the Olympian gods hh State churches: Peace of Augsburg
hh Greco-Persian Wars hh Counter-Reformation
ƒƒ Athens and Sparta: hh Thirty Years’ War: Peace of Westphalia
ƒƒ Greek politics and philosophy ƒƒ Seventeenth-century Europe:
hh Peloponnesian War hh Swiss Confederation
ƒƒ Alexander the Great hh Franks and Capetian Dynasty
ƒƒ Rome before Christ ƒƒ English nation
ƒƒ Foundation of Rome ƒƒ Alfred the Great
ƒƒ Roman republic ƒƒ Norman Conquest:
ƒƒ Punic Wars hh Domesday Book
ƒƒ Julius Caesar hh Witan and the Great Council
hh Roman drama ƒƒ Plantagenet kings:
ƒƒ Caesar Augustus hh Henry II, Richard I, John
hh Measuring time hh Magna Carta and Parliament
ƒƒ Rome after Christ hh Hundred Years’ War and Wars of the Roses
ƒƒ Gospel of Christ ƒƒ Henry VIII
ƒƒ Persecution of early church: ƒƒ Scottish and English Reformation
hh Claudian and Flavian emperors ƒƒ Elizabethan Age: Spanish Armada
ƒƒ Constantine the Great: hh Great English Civil War
hh Edict of Milan ƒƒ Restoration of the monarchy
ƒƒ Fall of the Roman Empire hh Glorious Revolution
hh Understanding why the Roman Empire fell hh Age of Exploration
ƒƒ Asia’s mysterious land: India, China, and Japan

World History cont. p. 120

119
GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: World History cont.
Beginning of the Modern Age cont. ƒƒ Czarist Russia
ƒƒ Time of discovery: ƒƒ Karl Marx and Communism:
hh Effects of the Crusades hh Capitalism, socialism, and Communism

ƒƒ New World: Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, ƒƒ Bolshevik Revolution

and Amerigo Vespucci ƒƒ Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin:
ƒƒ Other nations explore: Portugal, France, England hh Five Year Plan

ƒƒ United States ƒƒ Soviet Union

ƒƒ Pilgrims ƒƒ Before and during World War II
hh Philipp Spener hh Anti-Christian philosophies

ƒƒ Wesleyan Revival and Great Awakening ƒƒ Mussolini and Fascist Italy

ƒƒ War for Independence ƒƒ Hitler’s Third Reich
ƒƒ Constitution of the United States ƒƒ 1920s and the Great Depression
ƒƒ Expansion and progress hh World War II:

ƒƒ Rise as a world power hh Battle of Britain

ƒƒ Revival and missions ƒƒ American involvement: Pearl Harbor

hh War in Africa
Rise of Modern Europe hh European and Pacific Theater
ƒƒ France in the Modern Age
ƒƒ Atomic bomb and the Holocaust
ƒƒ Huguenots:
hh Cold War Era:
hh Edict of Nantes
ƒƒ United Nations
hh Reign of Louis XIV
ƒƒ Cold War
hh Age of Enlightenment: Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau
ƒƒ NATO
ƒƒ French Revolution
ƒƒ Berlin Wall:
hh Robespierre and Reign of Terror
hh Operation Airlift
ƒƒ Napoleon Bonaparte:
ƒƒ Space Age
hh Battle of Nations and Battle of Waterloo
ƒƒ Communist takeovers
hh Congress of Vienna
ƒƒ China
hh July Revolution
ƒƒ Korean War:
ƒƒ British Empire: Asia, Africa, and Australia
hh 38th Parallel
ƒƒ Victorian Age
ƒƒ Communist Cuba
ƒƒ British Empire:
ƒƒ Vietnam Conflict:
hh Conflicts of England and Ireland
hh Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
hh Christianity and charity
ƒƒ Modern Middle East:
ƒƒ Missions
hh Balfour Declaration; independence for India and African nations
ƒƒ India and the Far East:
ƒƒ Collapse of Soviet Union
hh Sepoy Rebellion
ƒƒ Ronald Reagan
ƒƒ Africa:
ƒƒ Gorbachev’s influence: perestroika and glasnost
hh Slave trade
ƒƒ Tiananmen Square
hh Samuel Adjai Crowther
ƒƒ Toward a new millennium
ƒƒ Australia and Canada:
hh New World Order
hh British North America Act
hh European Union
ƒƒ Science and industry in the Modern Age
ƒƒ NAFTA
hh Failures of ancient and medieval science
ƒƒ World Changes
ƒƒ Founders of modern science
ƒƒ Persian Gulf War
ƒƒ Darwin and evolution:
ƒƒ United States, Central and South America, Russia
hh Understanding evolution’s threat to science
hh Modern culture: literature, music, art, architecture
ƒƒ Agricultural advancement
hh Changes in technology
ƒƒ Industrial Revolution:
ƒƒ Change in the new millennium
hh Inventors and captains of industry
ƒƒ 9/11 Attack: Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda
hh Triumph of capitalism
ƒƒ War on Terror:
hh New world of classics
hh Operation Iraqi Freedom
hh Ancient and modern classics
hh Arab Spring
hh Medieval music
ƒƒ Change in politics
hh Post-Reformation music, art, and literature
hh Nuclear nations
An Era of Change hh Israeli/Palestinian conflict
ƒƒ World War I and the rise of Communism hh African Union
ƒƒ Unification of Germany and Italy ƒƒ Kosovo, Venezuela, Cuba
ƒƒ World War I:
hh Battles: Verdun, Sommé, Jutland
hh Treaty of Versailles
World History cont. p. 121

120
 GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: World History cont.
An Era of Change cont ƒƒ Greek Lands
ƒƒ Economic world change ƒƒ Italy
hh United States' financial crises ƒƒ World Geography
hh Asian economies ƒƒ Europe
ƒƒ Changes in the natural world ƒƒ The British Isles
hh Environmentalism and global warming ƒƒ France
ƒƒ Australia
Geography ƒƒ Africa
ƒƒ Fertile Crescent ƒƒ Nations of the World
ƒƒ The Modern Middle East
ƒƒ Asia Prayer Time
ƒƒ Ancient Empires hh Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials

SCIENCE: Science: Order & Design

Many life science textbooks study the “simple” cell as the origin of life and discuss the “evolution” of life through the
plant and animal worlds. Science: Order and Design uses a different approach.
Second Edition
This life science text begins with the more complex plant world and human anatomy and physiology. E
­ volutionary
hypotheses are discussed and discarded as unscientific. Similarities between man and animals are explored and
proved to be the result of a common Designer, laying a biblical foundation of origins.
A look at the complexity of the “simple” cell, the basis of all life, emphasizes the hand of the Creator in its design. A
study of ecology shows God’s providential design in the relationships between living things and their environments.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Feature boxes with activities, puzzles, extra
­information, hands-on investigations for the
­classroom and at home
ƒƒ Short articles highlighting God’s design in
Creation (16)
ƒƒ Science Investigations (30)
ƒƒ Challenging homework questions to pro-
voke ­thinking more deeply about concepts
taught  (84)
ƒƒ Thought-provoking review exercises (74)
ƒƒ Highlighted fun facts (132)
ƒƒ Review activities to prepare for tests (33)
ƒƒ Reading quizzes (27)
ƒƒ Review quizzes (40)
ƒƒ Insect collection (counts as 3 quiz grades)
ƒƒ In-class STEM project (counts as one quiz
grade and one test grade)
ƒƒ Tests (8), quarter exams (2)
ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Introduction to Life Science ƒƒ Pollination and fertilization:

hh Introduction of basic terms: biology, organism, divisions of biology, ƒƒ Process, provisions for fertilization, results, development:
characteristics of living things hh Sperm cell, egg cell, embryo, endosperm, plumule, radicle

hh Symmetry in living things ƒƒ Seed dispersal:

ƒƒ Observing nature: how to set up an observation notebook and ƒƒ Fruit
observation kit hh Mechanical and agent dispersal
ƒƒ Overview of environments: meadow, woodlands, freshwater, and ƒƒ Germination:
marine ƒƒ Requirements
ƒƒ Biological classification: hh Process
ƒƒ Pioneers in classification: John Ray and Carolus Linnaeus ƒƒ Plant life expectancies
ƒƒ Classification system: hh Angiosperms vs. gymnosperms
ƒƒ Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, ­scientific ƒƒ Familiar flower families:
name hh Buttercup, mint, honeysuckle, parsley, milkweed, and amaryllis
hh Six-kingdom system families
hh Scientific method: hh Flower arrangements: spikes, umbels, racemes
hh Six-step process ƒƒ Monocots vs. dicots
hh Explains process of the experimental method ƒƒ Leaf structure and arrangement:
hh Differentiate hypotheses, theories, and scientific laws ƒƒ Margins
hh Differentiate experimental and control groups, types of variables hh Leaf arrangement, simple or compound leaves, venation
hh Scientific reasoning, scientific models ƒƒ Photosynthesis and respiration:
ƒƒ Structures, process, chemicals
Plants
hh Producers vs. consumers; uses of glucose
ƒƒ Purpose and design of flowers:
ƒƒ Functions and structures of flowers:
hh Style, anther, filament, receptacle

Science: Order & Design cont. p. 122

121
GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Order & Design cont.
Plants cont. ƒƒ Outward appearance: cleanliness, grooming, sun exposure, acne,
dental care
ƒƒ Vascular system:
ƒƒ Introduction to disease:
ƒƒ Roots
ƒƒ Bacteria, viruses
hh Vegetative reproduction
ƒƒ Infectious
hh Xylem, phloem
hh Noninfectious
hh Primary vs. secondary growth
hh Spread of pathogens
hh Osmosis in plants
ƒƒ Common diseases:
hh Capillarity
ƒƒ Common cold, AIDS, allergies
hh Transpiration
hh Cardiovascular disease, cancer
hh Classifying the plant kingdom—with and without vascular systems
­(tracheophytes and bryophytes) ƒƒ Substance abuse:
ƒƒ Medications, abuse
Human Anatomy & Physiology ƒƒ Dependence, withdrawal
hh Outward divisions: head, trunk, appendages ƒƒ Narcotics, hallucinogens, stimulants, depressants, inhalants
ƒƒ Cardiovascular system: ƒƒ Personal safety: falls, electrical safety, fire and burns, poisons, power
hh Arterioles, venules tools
hh Blood flow through veins ƒƒ First aid: basic principles, sprains, strains, fractures, dislocations,
hh Pericardium wounds, choking, poisoning, burns
hh Pulmonary, coronary, and systemic circulation hh Emotions: adolescence

ƒƒ Respiratory system: ƒƒ Spiritual health: Bible study and prayer

hh Nasal cavity, pleura
ƒƒ Digestive system:
Creation & Science
hh Design in nature: introduction, history, and evidence of design
hh Enzymes, peristalsis, sections of small intestine, rectum, feces
hh Homology: similar structures
ƒƒ Excretory system:
hh Information in living things: complexity, DNA, mutations
hh Urinary system, ureters, urethra
hh Natural selection: kind, speciation vs. macroevolution, specific
ƒƒ Lymphatic system:
examples
hh Neutrophils, macrophages, phagocytes
hh Three views of life: “tree of life”—evolution, “lawn view,” “orchard
hh Main types of lymphocytes; types of immunity view”—Creation science
ƒƒ Integumentary system: hh A Christian’s faith: what I believe and why
hh Adipose tissue hh History of science:
ƒƒ Skeletal system: hh Materialism, Aristotle, Middle Ages
hh Axial and appendicular skeleton hh General and special revelation
hh Maxilla, mandible hh Protestant Reformation
hh Pelvis hh The Bible and science: advances in modern life science
hh Hinge joint, pivot joint, ball-and-socket joint hh Law of biogenesis: experiments by Redi and Pasteur
hh Fracture repair hh Worldviews and science: ordered or accidental, who determines
ƒƒ Muscular system: truth, faith
hh Largest body system by weight hh Development of modern evolutionary thought: Darwin, Lyell,
ƒƒ Nervous system: ­uniformitarianism, missing links
hh Impulses hh Evolution as a retreat from true science:
ƒƒ Endocrine system: hh Abiogenesis, evolutionary relationships, phylogenetic trees
hh Gland defined, parathyroid glands, epinephrine hh Recapitulation, vestigial organs, mutations
hh Types of diabetes mellitus hh Evolution of horses, whales, humans
hh Reproductive system: eggs, sperm hh Mutations: most are harmful or deadly, gradualism, punctuated
hh Tissue types ­equilibrium
ƒƒ Prenatal growth and development:
Mammals
ƒƒ Pictures and detailed descriptions of development at weekly intervals:
ƒƒ Vertebrates and invertebrates
hh Conception, fertilization, uterus
hh Characteristics of vertebrates

A Healthy Life ƒƒ Characteristics of mammals:

ƒƒ Proper nutrition: hh Four-chambered heart

ƒƒ Carbohydrates, fiber, protein, fats, vitamins, ­minerals, and water: ƒƒ Hair, mammary glands, endoskeleton, warm-blooded
hh Amino acids, lipids hh Orders of placental mammals: 16 orders taught with more than

ƒƒ Calories, metabolism, healthy diet: 90 ­specific example animals

hh Marsupials: mammals with pouches
hh Basal metabolic rate
ƒƒ Exercise: ƒƒ Egg-laying mammals—monotremes
hh Anaerobic
ƒƒ Endangered animals
ƒƒ Aerobic, training heart rate, benefits
ƒƒ Rest

Science: Order & Design cont. p. 123

122
 GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Order & Design cont.
Birds hh Krill

ƒƒ Internal anatomy: ƒƒ Isopods, includes woodlice

ƒƒ Skeletal and muscular systems ƒƒ Arachnid anatomy and groups:
hh Respiratory, cardiovascular, and digestive systems ƒƒ Details of common anatomy
ƒƒ Senses: ƒƒ Spiders, daddy longlegs (harvestmen), scorpions
ƒƒ Sight, hearing hh Pseudoscorpions

hh Smell ƒƒ Mites, ticks

ƒƒ Feathers: ƒƒ Centipedes and millipedes: comparison and contrast of traits
ƒƒ Flight and down feathers, structure, preening ƒƒ Non-arthropod invertebrates
hh Contour feathers, growth, molting ƒƒ Worms
hh Flight: motions, types of flight; airfoil, lift, thrust, drag hh Annelids, (segmented worm, platyhelminth (flatworm),
nematode
ƒƒ Behavior:
ƒƒ Mollusks: bivalve, gastropod, cephalopod
ƒƒ Audible communication
hh Echinoderm, coelenterate
hh Visual communication
ƒƒ Sponges
ƒƒ Baths
hh Dusting, anting, mobbing, running, migration Microbiology
ƒƒ Courtship, egg laying, nesting, ­incubation ƒƒ Cell theory: introduction to the cell, Robert Hooke
ƒƒ Identifying features: wings, tails, bills, feet, field marks ƒƒ Cell structure:
hh Groups: perching, birds of prey, water, game, tropical, flightless ƒƒ Basic structures and functions:
Fish, Reptiles & Amphibians (Cold-Blooded) hh Plant cell structure and differences from human and animal cells
hh Microscope parts and operation
ƒƒ Fish anatomy and groups:
hh Genetics and heredity
ƒƒ External and internal structures of bony and cartilaginous fish:
hh Gene, allele, homozygous, heterozygous, genotype, phenotype
hh Types of fins, types of scales, myomeres
hh Asexual and sexual reproduction, mitosis, meiosis
hh Circulatory, digestive, excretory, nervous, and reproductive systems
hh Replication, transcription, translation
ƒƒ Reptile anatomy and groups:
hh Laws of heredity, Punnett square, pedigree chart
ƒƒ External and internal structures, and ­characteristics:
hh Selective breeding, genetic engineering
hh Lizard and snake groups, snake movement, snake venom,
­tuataras ƒƒ Algae:
hh Dinosaurs and similar creatures: descriptions of various types ƒƒ Characteristics and types:
ƒƒ Amphibians: hh Classification; volvox, spirogyra

hh Anatomy ƒƒ Fungi:
ƒƒ Metamorphosis ƒƒ Characteristics and types:
ƒƒ Salamanders, frogs, and toads: hh Classification

hh Salamander life cycles, estivation hh Rusts, smuts

hh Caecilians (limbless amphibians) hh Yeast reproduction

ƒƒ Protozoa:
Insects ƒƒ Leeuwenhoek, sarcodines, ciliates
ƒƒ Common characteristics of arthropods: hh Flagellates, sporozoa, vorticella, stentor
ƒƒ Basic common traits: hh Bacteria: eukaryotes and prokaryotes, characteristics, examples of
hh Open system of circulation helpful and h ­ armful bacteria
ƒƒ Jean-Henri Fabre—entomologist
ƒƒ Insect anatomy and life cycles:
Forestry
ƒƒ Tree groups:
ƒƒ Complete and incomplete metamorphosis
ƒƒ Basic traits of angiosperm and gymnosperm trees:
hh Structure of compound eyes
hh Cycads, ginkgoes
ƒƒ Insect orders:
ƒƒ Tree structure:
hh Detailed description and examples for each order
ƒƒ Details of roots, stems, branches, and leaves:
ƒƒ Coleoptera (sheathed wings), Hemiptera (half-wing)
hh Bark and wood as vascular tissue
ƒƒ Homoptera (same wings), Diptera (two wings)
hh Pith
ƒƒ Orthoptera (straight wings), Odonata (toothed)
hh Bud structure and types
hh Neuroptera (nerve wings)
hh Nodes and lenticels
ƒƒ Hymenoptera (membrane wings), Lepidoptera (scale-wing)
hh Sun and shade leaves, leaf pigments
hh Insects and man: helpful and harmful characteristics of insects
hh Locations of American forests: introduction and geographical
ƒƒ Assorted Invertebrates
­description of North American forests
ƒƒ Crustacean anatomy and orders (aquatic arthropods):
hh Branches of forestry: introductory concepts regarding forestry
hh Common anatomy
hh Functions and resources of forests
ƒƒ Groups:
hh Using forests: harvesting methods and renewing the resources
ƒƒ Decapods
hh Amphipods, copepods, branchiopods
ƒƒ Cirripedes
Science: Order & Design cont. p. 124

123
GRADE 7
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Order & Design cont.
Forestry cont. hh Types of biomes:

ƒƒ Notable tree species: details and characteristics of 24 types of hh Overview of traits and communities of:

North American trees hh Tundra, boreal forest, temperate deciduous forest

hh Forest conservation: Theodore Roosevelt, sustainability, hh Grassland, tropical rainforest

reforestation, forest fires, disease, insects hh Aquatic biomes
hh Nutrition types: traits and types of producers and consumers:
Ecology ƒƒ Food chains
hh Factors in an ecosystem:
hh Trophic levels
hh Overview of factors affecting an ecosystem
hh Energy pyramids
hh Tolerance vs. optimum range
hh Food webs
hh Limiting factor
hh Special nutritional relationships: predation, symbiosis, competition,
hh Carrying capacity, overpopulation
and neutralism
hh Biodiversity
hh Dominion and stewardship: role of man in the environment, biblical
hh Biogeochemical cycles stewardship
hh Ecological succession hh Dangers of modern environmentalism: bias, pantheism
hh Levels of ecology: biosphere, atmosphere, lithosphere, ƒƒ Biblical conservation:
hydrosphere, community, population hh Bible examples

BIBLE: Exodus—(one semester)

Bible 7 consists of two semester courses: Exodus and the Life of Christ. Evaluation
Exodus is designed to give students a basic overview of the way God ƒƒ Verses:
miraculously delivered His people out of captivity and led them into the ƒƒ Verse quizzes (11)
­Promised Land. ƒƒ 9-weeks verses exam (1)
ƒƒ Final verses exam (1)
When we understand many of the Israelites’ struggles and how God’s
ƒƒ Content:
people often turned away from His leading, it shows us how God will
deal with us if we stray from trusting in His perfect plan. By studying ƒƒ Quiz on the books of the Bible (1)
Exodus, students will clearly see God’s patience and mercy as He deals ƒƒ 9-weeks content exam (1)
with His people. ƒƒ Final content exam (1)

Lessons 142 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Music 37 songs

ƒƒ Abraham through Joseph (14 lessons) ƒƒ Hymns of the faith, choruses, holiday songs
ƒƒ Moses in Egypt (17)
ƒƒ Journey to Sinai (15)
Memory Work
ƒƒ Passages (11 containing 34 verses) and the books of the Bible
ƒƒ Journey through the Wilderness (18)
ƒƒ Tabernacle (6) Prayer Time
ƒƒ Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us

124
 GRADE 7

BIBLE: Life of Christ—(one semester)

This second-semester course focuses on the many narratives in the Evaluation
Gospels and covers Christ’s life from His birth through His ascension. ƒƒ Verses:
The example that Christ set for believers, both then and now, helps us
ƒƒ Verse quizzes (13)
pattern our lives after our Savior. Christ’s teaching and miracles show
ƒƒ 9-weeks verses exam (1)
us what He valued and help us understand His earthly ministry in a
more complete way. ƒƒ Final verses exam (1)
ƒƒ Content:
ƒƒ 9-weeks content exam (1)
ƒƒ Tests (4)
ƒƒ Final content exam (1)

First
Life of Christ • Series 1
Christmas Flash-a-Card ®
Boyhood & Early
Ministry of
Life of Christ • Series 2
Jesus Flash-a-Card ®
Jesus
Life of Christ • Series 3
Heals&Helps
Flash-a-Card®
Later
Ministry of
Life of Christ • Series 4
Jesus Flash-a-Card®
Crucifixion
Resurrectionand

Life of Christ • Series 5 Flash-a-Card®

7 Lessons • 37 Cards
1 Jesus Stills the Storm
2 Transfiguration
3 Jesus and the Lepers
4 Lazarus and the Rich Man
5 Rich Young Ruler
6 Zacchaeus
7 Friends at Bethany
Lesson Guides Included

8 Lessons • 37 Cards 9 Lessons • 37 Cards

Shepherds Worship Jesus 1 The Boy Jesus Jesus Rises from the Dead
2 Baptism of Jesus
7 Lessons • 41 Cards 1 Triumphal Entry
2 Last Supper
3 Temptation of Jesus 1 Woman at the Well
3 Garden of Gethsemane
5 Lessons • 27 Cards 4 First Disciples 2 Nobleman's Son/
4 Judgment Hall
5 Calling the Fishermen Jesus in the Synagogue
1 Promise of the Savior 5 Crucifixion
and Matthew 3 Blind Bartimaeus
2 Birth of Jesus 6 Resurrection
6 First Miracle 4 Jesus Heals Jairus's 7 Emmaus and the Upper
3 Angels Bring the News
to the Shepherds 7 Through a Roof and Daughter Room
4 Wise Men Worship Beside a Pool 5 Jesus and the Children/ 8 Breakfast on the Shore
the King 8 Cleansing the Temple Lost Lamb with Jesus
and Visit of 6 Feeding of the Five Jesus Stills the Storm 9 Ascension
5 Flight into Egypt
Multitude
of Fishes
Wise Men Worship Jesus Lesson Guide Included
Angel Gabriel Gives Mary
an Announcement
´k? +p¨ Multitude
of Fishes Nicodemus ´k@z*G¨ Jesus Walks on Water
Thousand
´kAf(l¨ ´kBR$"¨ The Centurion Believes
Lesson Guide Included
Jesus Is Sentenced
´82q$,¨
75310011 Lesson Guide Included 75329010 7 Jesus Walks on Water 75345004 24188104
abeka.com Lesson Guide Included 75337008
abeka.com Zacchaeus abeka.com abeka.com
abeka.com

Lessons 178 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Music 40 songs

ƒƒ First Christmas (8 lessons) ƒƒ Hymns of the faith, holiday songs, choruses
ƒƒ Boyhood & Early Ministry of Jesus (17)
ƒƒ Jesus Heals & Helps (13)
Memory Work
ƒƒ Passages (13 containing 35 verses)
ƒƒ Later Ministry of Jesus (12)
ƒƒ Crucifixion and Resurrection (17) Prayer Time
ƒƒ Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us

125
GRADE 8

ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition

Two vital abilities, the ability to express one’s ideas creatively as well as correctly and the ability to comprehend
and interpret the written word skillfully, are built upon the elements which are included in English 8. Grammar
Sixth Edition
and Composition II builds upon the skills learned in earlier grammar studies providing foundational practice
of proper grammar and developing the basic composition skills used in outlining, summarizing, describing,
researching, and creative writing. Students will also be introduced to new grammar rules and new writing tech-
niques that will allow them to expand their writing skills.

Added Enrichment Evaluation Compositions

ƒƒ English DTAs ƒƒ Grammar quizzes (22) ƒƒ Essay (Answer, Persuasive, Narrative)
ƒƒ Review games ƒƒ Tests (8), quarter exams (2) ƒƒ Summaries, Type Sketch, Dialogue
ƒƒ Grammar Court procedures ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam ƒƒ Paragraph, Outline, Captions
explained ƒƒ Compositions ƒƒ Limerick, Cinquain
ƒƒ Book reports
ƒƒ Research paper

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar ƒƒ Colons:
ƒƒ Capitalization: ƒƒ Before a list of items
ƒƒ Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns: hh To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation

ƒƒ Particular persons, places, things: ƒƒ Between:

hh Political and economic organizations and alliances ƒƒ Chapter and verse of Bible reference
ƒƒ Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture ƒƒ Hour and minute of time reference
ƒƒ Words from proper nouns ƒƒ After salutation of a business letter
ƒƒ Common noun or adjective when part of proper name ƒƒ Italics:
ƒƒ Titles of persons, titles of works ƒƒ For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art,
ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft
ƒƒ First word of every sentence
hh For words, letters, numbers referred to as such
ƒƒ Pronoun I and interjection O
hh For foreign words or phrases
ƒƒ First word of every line of poetry
ƒƒ Hyphens:
ƒƒ Punctuation:
ƒƒ To divide a word at the end of line
ƒƒ End marks:
ƒƒ In compound numbers
ƒƒ Period for declarative sentences and abbreviations
ƒƒ In fractions
ƒƒ Question mark for interrogative sentences
hh In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective
ƒƒ Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences
hh In prefixes all-, ex-, self- and suffix -elect
ƒƒ Commas:
hh In compound adjectives before a noun
ƒƒ Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent
clauses ƒƒ Quotation Marks:
ƒƒ To indicate: ƒƒ In a direct quotation
ƒƒ Omissions or avoid possible misreading ƒƒ To enclose:
ƒƒ Nonessential elements in a sentence: ƒƒ Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other parts
of books or magazines
ƒƒAppositive and appositive phrase
hh A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the begin-
hh Participial phrase
ning of each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph
hh Adjective and adverb clauses
ƒƒ Apostrophes:
ƒƒDirect address
ƒƒ To form:
ƒƒWell, yes, no, or why
ƒƒ Possessive case of nouns
ƒƒParenthetical expressions
hh Individual possession within a group
ƒƒ To set off introductory phrases or clauses
hh Possessive case of compound words and words that show joint
ƒƒ In dates and addresses possession
ƒƒ After salutations and closings of letters hh Possessive case of indefinite pronouns
ƒƒ Semicolons: ƒƒ To show omissions from words
ƒƒ Between independent clauses: ƒƒ With s to form plurals of lowercase letters, numbers, signs, and
ƒƒ If not using coordinating conjunction words used as words
ƒƒ Joined by: hh Dashes:
ƒƒTransitional words hh After a series of words or phrases giving details about a state-
ƒƒCoordinating conjunction if clauses already contain commas ment that follows
hh Between items in a series if the items contain commas hh To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 127

126
 GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. ƒƒ Nominative case:
hh To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments
ƒƒ For subjects, predicate nominatives, appositives of subjects,
and appositives of predicate nominatives
hh Parentheses: to enclose parenthetical elements
hh For appositives to subjects and appositives to predicate nomi-
hh Ellipses: to indicate an omission, unfinished thought, or pause
natives
ƒƒ The sentence:
ƒƒ Objective case:
ƒƒ Recognizing eight parts of speech
ƒƒ For direct objects, indirect objects, and objects of prepositions
ƒƒ Definition of sentence and for appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
ƒƒ Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative, prepositions
interrogative, exclamatory hh For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
ƒƒ Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject, prepositions
complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase ƒƒ Possessive case
ƒƒ Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs: hh Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever
ƒƒ Finding: and in incomplete clauses beginning with than or as
ƒƒ Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, hh Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive case
sentence beginning with there or here before a gerund
ƒƒ Subject of an imperative sentence ƒƒ Adjectives:
ƒƒ Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming adjectives:
ƒƒ Diagramming subjects and verbs ƒƒ Participles and proper adjectives
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming compound subjects and verbs hh Infinitives as adjectives
ƒƒ Recognizing complements ƒƒ Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns
ƒƒ Correcting fragments and run-on sentences ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming predicate adjectives:
ƒƒ Parts of speech: ƒƒ Diagramming compound verbs with one predicate adjective
ƒƒ Verbs: and separate predicate adjectives
ƒƒ Recognizing action, linking, and helping verbs: ƒƒ Using and diagramming:
hh Action: transitive and intransitive verbs ƒƒ Prepositional and participial phrases as adjectives
ƒƒ Distinguishing verbs from verbals hh Infinitive phrases as adjectives
ƒƒ Using: ƒƒ Adjective clauses
ƒƒ Principal parts of verbs ƒƒ Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers
ƒƒ Regular verb endings, irregular verbs ƒƒ Using adjectives in comparison
ƒƒ Correct principal parts ƒƒ Avoiding double comparison and double negatives:
ƒƒ Verb tenses: hh Supplying necessary words in comparison
hh Conjugation hh Differentiating between this/that and these/those
hh Using progressive and emphatic forms ƒƒ Adverbs:
ƒƒ Using consistent verb tense ƒƒ Recognizing and digramming adverbs
hh Using active and passive voice hh Infinitives as adverbs
hh Mood: indicative, imperative, subjunctive ƒƒ Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives
ƒƒ Avoid incorrect verb forms ƒƒ Using and diagramming:
ƒƒ Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors ƒƒ Prepositional phrases as adverbs
ƒƒ Nouns: hh Infinitive phrases as adverbs
ƒƒ Recognizing nouns: compound, collective, common, and proper ƒƒ Adverb clauses:
ƒƒ Keeping agreement of subject and verb: hh Elliptical clauses
hh Amounts may be singular or plural ƒƒ Correct placement of adverb modifiers
hh Words ending in -ics as subjects may be singular or plural hh Distinguishing dependent clauses
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming nouns as predicate nominatives, ƒƒ Using adverbs in comparison
direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, direct ƒƒ Prepositions:
address, and appositives ƒƒ Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects of
ƒƒ Gerunds prepositions
hh Gerund phrases ƒƒ Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs
hh Diagramming gerund phrases ƒƒ Using prepositions correctly
ƒƒ Infinitives ƒƒ Conjunctions: recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordi-
hh Infinitive phrases nating conjunctions
hh Diagramming infinitive phrases ƒƒ Interjections
hh Noun clauses hh Diagramming interjections
hh Diagramming noun clauses ƒƒ Sentence structure:
ƒƒ Pronouns: ƒƒ Defining dependent and independent clauses
ƒƒ Antecedents ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming simple, compound, complex, and
ƒƒ Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite, compound-complex sentences
compound (intensive and reflexive), relative
ƒƒ Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects
hh Making pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and in
gender Grammar & Composition cont. p. 128

127
GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. ƒƒ Book Reports
ƒƒ Improving writing style ƒƒ Preparing
ƒƒ Correct a choppy or monotonous style: ƒƒ Written book reports including introduction, body, conclusion
ƒƒ Begin sentence with an adverb, adverb phrase, adverb clause, ƒƒ Oral book reports: written preparation and oral presentation
or participial phrase hh Creative dialogue: characters, setting, tone, dialogue, plot

hh Begin sentence with an adjective, participle, prepositional hh Persuasive essay: analyze audience, crafting argument, expanded
phrase, or infinitive phrase thesis, providing supports
ƒƒ Exact and vivid words ƒƒ Writing descriptions: type sketch, place
ƒƒ Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement of
Composition details, use of exact nouns and verbs
ƒƒ Manuscript form: abbreviations, numbers, titles, hyphenation ƒƒ Research paper:
ƒƒ The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit ƒƒ Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, writing
ƒƒ Paragraphs: bibliographies, making a preliminary outline, taking notes, writing
ƒƒ Topic sentence notes, avoiding plagiarism
ƒƒ Summarizing sentence ƒƒ Writing the paper: introduction, body
ƒƒ Paragraph development ƒƒ Using parenthetical citations
ƒƒ Development by examples, incidents, and reasons ƒƒ Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclusion,
ƒƒ Paragraph unity unity, coherence, and citations
ƒƒ Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance, ƒƒ Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word; capi-
transitional expressions, space order, pronoun reference, and talization and punctuation
repetition ƒƒ Preparing works cited page
ƒƒ Summaries: short and long works ƒƒ Typing the paper
ƒƒ Essay answer (expanded) ƒƒ Documentation for research paper
ƒƒ Outline hh Writing poetry: limerick, didactic cinquain

ƒƒ Topical and sentence outlines hh Rhyme scheme, rhythm

ƒƒ Format of outline hh String-a-long Stories

ƒƒ Parallelism in an outline hh Personal narrative essay

ƒƒ Steps to preparing an outline hh Writing captions

ƒƒ The Library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress classifica-
tion system, using the catalog and reference section.

ENGLISH: Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry

Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry II emphasizes using an expanded vocabulary and applying spelling rules when analyz-
ing challenging words. The goals of poetry memorization and recitation are an enjoyment and appreciation of poetic
Sixth
Edition
beauty and excellence.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary:
ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary lists (28)
including review list at end of each
quarter:
ƒƒ Spelling words (560)
ƒƒ Vocabulary words (280)
ƒƒ Organized by spelling rules, suffixes,
­homonyms, compound words, and
commonly misspelled words
ƒƒ Application exercises (56)
ƒƒ Review exercises (29)
ƒƒ Each vocabulary word includes: ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary quizzes:
ƒƒ Pronunciation, part of speech ƒƒ Weekly (28)
ƒƒ Synonyms, antonyms, related forms ƒƒ Quarterly review (1 each quarter;
ƒƒ Definition, sample sentence each counts as 2 quiz grades)
ƒƒ Pronunciation key ƒƒ Poetry quizzes:
ƒƒ Teacher resource: vocabulary mastery ƒƒ Written (7)
­sentences ƒƒ Oral (2)
ƒƒ Poetry teacher resource: introductions for
each poem

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development ƒƒ Memorize vocabulary definitions

hh Master spelling and vocabulary lists including: ƒƒ Be able to identify commonly misspelled words
hh Vocabulary words and definitions ƒƒ Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed
oral practice and independent written practice
hh Words that follow the spelling rules
ƒƒ Learn:
hh Commonly misspelled words
ƒƒ Synonyms and antonyms of vocabulary words
hh Homonyms
ƒƒ Use vocabulary words in sentences and in proper context
Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont. p. 129

128
 GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont.
Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development cont. Poetry Skills Development
ƒƒ To distinguish between homophones hh Memorize 9 lyrical poems
ƒƒ Practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys to Good ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry
Spelling ƒƒ Lay foundation for future literature study
ƒƒ Spelling rules: ƒƒ Perform in front of an audience
ƒƒ Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like long a ƒƒ Recite in unison
ƒƒ Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a ƒƒ Use appropriate expression and volume
vowel ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
ƒƒ Change y to i when adding suffixes ƒƒ Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content
ƒƒ Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel ƒƒ Develop a mental visualization of the poem
ƒƒ Learn exceptions to the spelling rules ƒƒ Discuss meaning and purpose of poems
ƒƒ Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of the ƒƒ Use proper observation of punctuation
two parts
ƒƒ Adding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spelling

ENGLISH: Literature
Of Places uses young people’s interest in other places to teach Christian character traits such as
compassion, courage, and sacrifice. Not only will students gain exposure to people of different ages, nationali-
F IFTH E DITION
ties, races, cultures, and economic levels through a variety of literary selections, but they will also learn to enjoy
reading wholesome literature. Many of the selections in Of Places were written by famous authors and are well-
known classics that are an important part of a student’s education. Of Places features excerpts from classics
such as A Tale of Two Cities, The Jungle Book, Ben Hur, The Hiding Place, and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.

Literary Value Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ 96 authors, including well-known authors such
as Emily Dickinson, Mark Twain, Carl Sandburg,
Booker T. Washington, and Nathaniel Hawthorne
ƒƒ Prose selections (55), poems (57), and plays (3)
ƒƒ Character-building themes such as personal
sacrifice, humility, conquering sin, and hard-
work ethics
ƒƒ Literary terms such as the dramatic structure,
irony, tone, dialect, metaphor, and assonance
and consonance
ƒƒ Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar words ƒƒ Speed and comprehension quizzes (12)
ƒƒ Comprehension and discussion questions after ƒƒ Homework reading quizzes (17)
selections ƒƒ Tests (12), quarter exams (2)
ƒƒ Character-building quotations and verses ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Introductory paragraphs for interest and
background information
ƒƒ Author biographies and photos for imporant
authors to know
ƒƒ Suggested compositions (descriptions, summa-
ries, poems, narratives, and imaginative stories)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development Comprehension, Discussion & Analysis

ƒƒ Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension
ƒƒ Further develop oral reading skills
ƒƒ Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in which
they are featured
ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
ƒƒ Recognize basic literary devices in the selections
Skills Development
ƒƒ Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture
ƒƒ Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and
discussion questions
ƒƒ Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and
effect, and draw conclusions
ƒƒ Apply literary devices throughout the text
ƒƒ Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading

129
 GRADE 8

MATHEMATICS: Pre-Algebra
Pre-Algebra presents a brief yet complete review of arithmetic with applications to daily life. Once
grounded in arithmetic, students can advance to other branches of mathematics. The topics of geome­
Work Text try, algebra, probability, statistics, and radicals are expanded, and trigonometry and systems of equa-
tions are introduced. These topics provide the foundation students need to enjoy success in future
mathematics courses.
Practice and review problems in each lesson give sufficient opportunity for students to develop and
´?{W!k¨ maintain their skills while learning to work quickly and accurately. Word problems and problem-solving
strategies throughout the text ensure that students can apply their mathematical skills to everyday situa­
31915501

tions and encourage students to connect varying types of mathematical knowledge. Level Up sections
allow for further expansion of the concepts covered.

Features Evaluation
ƒƒ Flexible pacing options in curriculum: ƒƒ Chapter reviews (12) ƒƒ Quizzes (47)
Level Up sections (32) ƒƒ Nine-weeks reviews (2) ƒƒ Tests (8)
ƒƒ Review exercises in every section (79) ƒƒ Semester review ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Mid-chapter reviews (17) ƒƒ Final review ƒƒ Semester exam
ƒƒ Final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Numbers Arithmetic
ƒƒ Arabic system ƒƒ Estimation
ƒƒ Place value ƒƒ Order of operation
ƒƒ Decimal system/powers of ten ƒƒ Parentheses
ƒƒ Whole numbers up to 100 millions place ƒƒ Brackets, braces, fraction bar
ƒƒ Addition
ƒƒ Decimals up to ten thousandths place
ƒƒ Addend, sum, annex
ƒƒ Rounding: whole numbers, decimals, money ƒƒ Whole numbers, fractions, decimals
ƒƒ Types of numbers ƒƒ Signed numbers
ƒƒ Counting (natural), whole, positive, negative, integer ƒƒ Additive inverse
ƒƒ Real hh Scientific notation
ƒƒ Rational/irrational numbers ƒƒ Subtraction
ƒƒ Absolute value ƒƒ Minuend, subtrahend, difference
ƒƒ Comparing numbers ƒƒ Whole numbers, fractions, decimals
hh Law of trichotomy ƒƒ Signed numbers
ƒƒ Number line hh Scientific notation
ƒƒ Scientific Notation ƒƒ Multiplication
ƒƒ Standard form ƒƒ Factor, partial product, product
hh Metric: large, small
ƒƒ Whole numbers, fractions, decimals
ƒƒ Powers of ten
ƒƒ Sequences, numerical
ƒƒ Signed numbers
ƒƒ Arithmetic, geometric
ƒƒ By zero
ƒƒ Common difference
hh Scientific notation
ƒƒ Common ratio
ƒƒ Division
ƒƒ Finding the next term ƒƒ Dividend, divisor, quotient, remainder
hh Increasing difference ƒƒ Whole numbers, fractions, decimals
hh Exponential ƒƒ Signed numbers
ƒƒ Sequences, visual ƒƒ Powers of ten
hh Scientific notation
Factoring ƒƒ Word problems
ƒƒ Rules of divisibility ƒƒ Problem Solving Strategies
ƒƒ Prime Factoring
ƒƒ Properties of arithmetic
ƒƒ Prime/Composite numbers
ƒƒ Commutative
ƒƒ Prime to each other
ƒƒ Fundamental theorem of arithmetic ƒƒ Associative
ƒƒ Division by primes/Factor Tree ƒƒ Distributive
ƒƒ Greatest common factor ƒƒ Applying properties
ƒƒ Least common multiple ƒƒ Estimation
ƒƒ Exponent/base/power
ƒƒ Factorial

Pre-Algebra cont. p. 131

130
 GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Pre-Algebra cont.
Fractions ƒƒ solar year, calendar year, leap year
ƒƒ Numerator, denominator ƒƒ 24-hour time
ƒƒ Types: ƒƒ Elapsed time
ƒƒ Proper, improper, mixed number ƒƒ Mixed measures
ƒƒ Complex, reciprocal ƒƒ Express a mixed measure as a single measure
ƒƒ Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division ƒƒ Add, subtract, multiply, divide
ƒƒ Least common denominator ƒƒ Dimensional analysis
ƒƒ Simplifying complex fractions ƒƒ Express conversion factor as a ratio
ƒƒ Changing a fraction to a decimal ƒƒ Convert between U.S. customary or time measures
ƒƒ Word problems hh Precision
ƒƒ Ratios hh Accuracy
ƒƒ Antecedent, consequent hh Significant digits
ƒƒ Expressing/reading
ƒƒ Word problems Equations/Inequalities
ƒƒ Solving, isolating
Decimals ƒƒ Inverse operation
ƒƒ Types: ƒƒ Solving equations
ƒƒ Terminating, repeating ƒƒ Addition property of equality
ƒƒ Rational, irrational
ƒƒ Multiplication property of equality
ƒƒ Changing a decimal to a fraction
ƒƒ Both properties
Percent, Percentage, Base hh Eliminating fractions/decimals

ƒƒ Expressing: hh Conditional, identity, contradiction

ƒƒ Percent as a decimal ƒƒ Word problems
ƒƒ Decimal as a percent ƒƒ Addition property of equality
ƒƒ Fraction as a percent ƒƒ Multiplication property of equality
ƒƒ Percent as a fraction ƒƒ Both properties
ƒƒ Fractional percent as a decimal ƒƒ With multiple unknowns
ƒƒ Percentage
hh Mixture problems
ƒƒ Simple interest
ƒƒ Proportions
ƒƒ Discount and sale price
ƒƒ Means, extremes
ƒƒ More or less in percent
hh Fundamental property of proportions:
ƒƒ Percent
ƒƒ Rate of discount ƒƒ Cross multiplication
ƒƒ Percent of change ƒƒ Scale drawings, maps
ƒƒ Base ƒƒ Word problems
ƒƒ Similarity
Measures ƒƒ Similar polygons
ƒƒ Linear ƒƒ Word problems
ƒƒ U.S. customary: inch, foot, yard, mile
ƒƒ Pure quadratic equation
ƒƒ Metric: millimeter, centimeter, decimeter, meter, decameter, hec-
tometer, kilometer ƒƒ Pure cubic equations
ƒƒ Capacity ƒƒ Pythagorean theorem
ƒƒ U.S. customary: fluid ounce, cup, pint, quart, gallon, peck, bushel, ƒƒ Hypotenuse, leg
teaspoon, tablespoon ƒƒ Finding hypotenuse, leg
ƒƒ Metric: milliliter, centiliter, deciliter, liter, decaliter, hectoliter, kiloliter hh Testing triangles
ƒƒ Weight
hh Distance on Cartesian plane
ƒƒ U.S. customary: ounce, pound, ton
hh Word problems
ƒƒ Mass:
ƒƒ Metric: milligram, centigram, decigram, gram, decagram, hecto- ƒƒ Inequality graphing
gram, kilogram ƒƒ <, >, ≤, ≥, ≠
ƒƒ Historical Measures ƒƒ Open dot, closed dot
ƒƒ Linear: cubit, span, palm, finger ƒƒ Solution
hh Capacity: log, hin, bath, homer, measure, cor, ephah, omer ƒƒ Compound inequality
ƒƒ Weight: shekel, talent ƒƒ Solving inequalities
ƒƒ Money: talent (gold), quadran (farthing), shekel (silver), denarius ƒƒ Addition property of inequality
(penny), lepton (mite) ƒƒ Multiplication property of inequality
ƒƒ Converting between U.S. customary measures
ƒƒ Both properties
ƒƒ Single conversion factor
ƒƒ Compound inequalities
ƒƒ Multiple conversion factors
ƒƒ Converting between metric measures hh Inequality word problems

ƒƒ Converting between square measures/cubic measures

ƒƒ Time
ƒƒ Second, minute, hour, day, week, month, year, decade, score of
years, century, millennium

Pre-Algebra cont. p. 132

131
GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Pre-Algebra cont.
Geometry Graphing on the Cartesian Plane
ƒƒ Plane figure notation ƒƒ Cartesian plane, origin, x-axis, y-axis, quadrants, point, ordered pair
ƒƒ Plane figures ƒƒ x-intercept, y-intercept
ƒƒ Plane, point, line, line segment, ray, angle ƒƒ Plotting points
ƒƒ Intersecting, parallel, or perpendicular lines ƒƒ Coordinate geometry, transformations
ƒƒ Polygon, closed figures ƒƒ Translation
ƒƒ Side, vertex ƒƒ Preimage, image,
ƒƒ Triangle, pentagon, hexagon, octagon, heptagon, nonagon,
ƒƒ Rigid transformation
decagon
ƒƒ Quadrilateral, rectangle, square, rhombus, trapezoid ƒƒ Reflection
ƒƒ Regular, equilateral, equiangular hh Rotation: 90°, 180°

ƒƒ Similar polygons hh Dilation

ƒƒ Congruent polygons hh Reduction, enlargement
hh SSS, SAS, ASA hh Center of Dilation at origin
ƒƒ Line symmetry hh Superposition
hh Rotational, symmetry ƒƒ Slope
hh Asymmetrical ƒƒ Rise, run,
ƒƒ Perimeter: polygon, rectangle, square, any polygon with equal sides, ƒƒ Positive, negative, zero, undefined
unknown lengths
ƒƒ Parallel and perpendicular slopes
ƒƒ Angles: acute, obtuse, right, straight, reflex
ƒƒ Graphing a line
ƒƒ Pairs of angles: vertical, adjacent, complementary, supplementary
ƒƒ Using two points
hh Transversal
ƒƒ Using a point and a slope
hh Alternate interior, alternate exterior, corresponding
ƒƒ Using a table of values
hh Parallel lines
ƒƒ Using slope-intercept form
ƒƒ Measuring and drawing angles with a protractor
hh Writing equation from graph
hh Constructing equal line segments
ƒƒ Linear equations
ƒƒ Constructing equal angles
ƒƒ Input, output, independent variable, dependent variable, equation
ƒƒ Triangles: acute, obtuse, right, equiangular, equilateral, isosceles,
ƒƒ Slope-intercept form
scalene
ƒƒ Direct Variation
ƒƒ Drawing triangles
ƒƒ Constant of variation
hh ASA, SAS
ƒƒ Proportional/nonproportional
ƒƒ Triangles formed: 0, 1, 2, or infinitely many
ƒƒ Ambiguous case ƒƒ Word problems
hh Functions
hh Constructing triangles
hh Relations
hh SAS, ASA, SSS
hh Domain, range
ƒƒ Circles
hh Mapping diagram
ƒƒ Center, radius, diameter, arc, semicircle, chord, central angle,
subtended, sector hh Vertical line test

ƒƒ Sum of central angles: 360º hh Function notation

ƒƒ Circumference with radius or diameter hh Evaluation

ƒƒ Area hh Linear, nonlinear

ƒƒ rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle, circle, trapezoid hh Increasing, decreasing

ƒƒ using a grid and scale hh Continuous, discrete

ƒƒ Complex figures using addition or subtraction hh Comparing functions by graphing
hh Polyhedra hh Parabolas
ƒƒ Face, edge, base hh Nonlinear
ƒƒ Prisms, pyramids hh Graphing by tables
hh Nets
hh Three dimensional curved figures
Probability and Statistics
ƒƒ Counting
ƒƒ Cylinder, cone, sphere, torus
ƒƒ Outcome
ƒƒ Rectangular prism, cube, triangular prism, square pyramid, cylin-
der, cone, sphere ƒƒ Sample space
ƒƒ Surface area ƒƒ Exhaustive list, tree diagram
ƒƒ Rectangular prism, cube, square pyramid, cylinder, sphere ƒƒ Fundamental theorem of counting
ƒƒ Lateral surface area hh Permutation

ƒƒ Rectangular prism, cube, cylinder ƒƒ Basic probability

ƒƒ Volume ƒƒ Outcome, event,
ƒƒ Rectangular prism, cube, cylinder, cone, pyramids, sphere ƒƒ Properties of probability
ƒƒ Cross Sections ƒƒ Each probability 0 ≤ x ≤ 1
ƒƒ Sum = 1
ƒƒ Complement
Pre-Algebra cont. p. 133

132
 GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Pre-Algebra cont.
Probability and Statistics cont. ƒƒ Raised dot, side-by-side, parentheses
ƒƒ Compound probability ƒƒ Fraction bar
ƒƒ Compound events ƒƒ Factors
ƒƒ Mutually exclusive ƒƒ Numerical coefficient
ƒƒ Independent ƒƒ Term
ƒƒ Dependent ƒƒ Constant term
ƒƒ Theoretical probability ƒƒ Variable term
ƒƒ Experimental probability ƒƒ Polynomial
ƒƒ Relative frequency table ƒƒ Monomial, binomial, trinomial
ƒƒ One way, two way ƒƒ Evaluation
ƒƒ Data, statistic, statistics ƒƒ Algebraic translation
ƒƒ Frequency table ƒƒ Polynomial arithmetic
ƒƒ Population, sample, random sample ƒƒ Combining like terms
ƒƒ Measures of center: Mean, median, mode ƒƒ Multiplying/dividing like bases
ƒƒ Range ƒƒ Power rule, quotient rule
ƒƒ Outliers, sensitive ƒƒ Negative exponents
ƒƒ Ranked data ƒƒ Raising a power to a power, product to a power, and quotient to a
ƒƒ Dot plot power
ƒƒ Multiplying/dividing monomials
Statistical Representation ƒƒ Multiplying a polynomial by a monomial
ƒƒ Chart title, scale, category label, axis title, major/minor gridlines, hh Multiplying binomials
legend
hh FOIL
ƒƒ Bar graph, stacked bar graph
ƒƒ Dividing a polynomial by a monomial
ƒƒ Interpreting
ƒƒ Circle graph ƒƒ Factoring out a monomial
ƒƒ Interpreting hh Factoring by grouping

ƒƒ Box-and-whisker plot
Radicals
ƒƒ Dispersion, range
ƒƒ Perfect square, perfect cube
ƒƒ Five-number summary
ƒƒ Radical symbol, index (indices), radicand
ƒƒ Finding five-number summary of data ƒƒ Square root, cube root
ƒƒ Minimum, first quartile, median, third quartile, maximum ƒƒ Expressing a radical as a fractional exponent
ƒƒ Interpreting/constructing ƒƒ Finding rational roots using fractional exponents
ƒƒ Comparing two plots ƒƒ Estimating irrational roots
ƒƒ Stem-and-leaf plot hh Product rule for radicals
ƒƒ Stem, leaf, class hh Finding irrational roots
ƒƒ Interpreting/constructing hh Like radicals
ƒƒ Histogram hh Addition
ƒƒ Class, frequency
ƒƒ Interpreting/constructing Trigonometry
ƒƒ Line graph hh Sine, cosine, tangent
ƒƒ Comparing two lines on the same graph hh Opposite, adjacent
ƒƒ Interpreting hh Formulas
ƒƒ Straight, curved, or broken
hh Scatter plots
System of Equations
hh Solving: Graphing, substitution, elimination
hh Association: positive, negative, none
hh Solutions: one, infinitely many, none
hh Clustering, outlier
hh Lines: parallel, intersecting, coinciding
hh Trend line
hh System: consistent, inconsistent
hh Finding the equation
hh Equations: dependent, independent
hh Interpolation, extrapolation
hh Writing repeating decimals as fractions
Algebra
ƒƒ Variable, constant
ƒƒ Notation

133
GRADE 8

HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: U.S. History

America: Land I Love presents American history from a conservative, biblical perspective: God exalts
nations and determines their course in human history. The text promotes the Bible as the center of God’s
plan. History is the story of individuals to whom God has given the responsibility to make choices.
Unlike secular history textbooks which suggest that material things—­economic conditions, geography,
political circumstances, or genetics—are the main causes in history, America: Land I Love uses biographi-
cal accounts to illustrate that history traces God’s working through people to accomplish His will. Stu-
dents will also be studying the geography of the Western Hemisphere and federal, state, and local gov-
ernment as part of this course. Knowledge of and familiarity with local offices and officials will encourage
students to use the gift of political expression which is so easily taken for granted in America.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Special feature boxes (52):
ƒƒ Give in-depth study of people and events of
history that have shaped the U.S.
ƒƒ Promote better understanding of U.S. history
ƒƒ Help students see lessons to be learned from
history and grasp key concepts of U.S. history
ƒƒ Lists: states and capitals, the U.S. Presidents
ƒƒ Maps correlating to text (30)
ƒƒ Review quizzes (35)
ƒƒ Document memorization
quizzes (2)
ƒƒ U.S. President quizzes (3)
ƒƒ States and capitals quizzes (5)
ƒƒ Reading quizzes (31)
ƒƒ Current event reports
(31; each presentation counts
as quiz grade)
ƒƒ Geography projects (18; each counts as quiz grade)
ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Civics Activity Book:
ƒƒ Study of national, state, and local government
as information is gathered to complete activities
ƒƒ Includes history, geography, and an overview of
the Constitution

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Exploration & Settlement in a New World hh Results of Great Awakening

ƒƒ New World to explore ƒƒ French and Indian War:

hh God’s timing in discovery of America hh Seven Years’ War

ƒƒ Native American heritage hh Fundamental differences between the colonists and the English

ƒƒ Christopher Columbus ƒƒ British regulations on the colonists:

ƒƒ Defeat of Spanish Armada hh Quartering Act, Declatory Act

ƒƒ Spanish and French exploration: Birth of the United States

hh Robert Cavalier de la Salle
ƒƒ Home of the brave
hh Spanish and French legacy
ƒƒ Conflict with England:
ƒƒ First English colonies hh Townshend Acts
ƒƒ English exploration and settlement hh Committee of Correspondence
ƒƒ Jamestown hh Intolerable Acts
ƒƒ Failure of socialism and benefits of free enterprise ƒƒ Continental Congress:
ƒƒ House of Burgesses hh Olive Branch Petition
hh Scrooby Congregation in Leyden
ƒƒ Declaration of Independence:
ƒƒ Pilgrims and Plymouth hh Richard Henry Lee
ƒƒ Representative government: ƒƒ War for Independence:
hh General Court
hh Help from Europe
ƒƒ Religious freedom hh Haym Solomon, Nathan Hale, Benedict Arnold,
ƒƒ New colonies James Armistead
ƒƒ Advance of learning: Harvard College, Old Deluder Satan Act hh Battle of King’s Mountain
ƒƒ Missionary efforts: ƒƒ Treaty of Paris
hh Algonquin Bible ƒƒ Land of the free
hh Mayhews ƒƒ Articles of Confederation and land expansion
Exploration & Settlement in a New World cont. ƒƒ Constitutional Convention:
hh Virginia and New Jersey Plan, Connecticut Compromise
hh New England Confederation
ƒƒ King Philip’s War ƒƒ Structure and basis of American government:
hh Balancing of powers
ƒƒ Life in Colonial America
ƒƒ Land of diversity in immigration, churches, and social classes ƒƒ Bill of Rights
hh Advance of learning: schools, apprentices, and universities
ƒƒ Presidencies of George Washington and John Adams:
hh Cabinet
ƒƒ Agriculture, landholdings, and slavery in the colonies
hh Rise of political parties
hh Contributions to science
hh Jay Treaty and Pickney Treaty
hh Government in the colonies
hh Foreign affairs
ƒƒ Preparation for independence
ƒƒ Great Awakening: ƒƒ Federalist Era
hh Constitution of the United States
hh Half-way Covenant
U.S. History cont. p. 135

134
 GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: U.S. History cont.
Building an American Character ƒƒ Abraham Lincoln
ƒƒ From the Appalachians to the Rockies ƒƒ Civil War:
ƒƒ Daniel Boone hh North and South differences

ƒƒ Northwest Territory: hh Anaconda Plan

hh Treaty of Greenville
Times of Testing & Triumph cont.
ƒƒ Louisiana Purchase: hh Battles: Shiloh, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville,
hh Zebulon Pike Chickamauga, Chattanooga
ƒƒ War of 1812: hh Important people: Farragut, McClellan, Stuart, Pickett, Meade
hh Impressment and Embargo Act hh Financing the war
hh Battles: Tippecanoe, Lake Erie, Thames River, Horseshoe Bend hh Reconstruction Era
hh Treaty of Ghent ƒƒ Tuskegee Institute:
ƒƒ Acquisition of Florida ƒƒ Booker T. Washington
hh Missouri Compromise hh Samuel C. Armstrong
hh Monroe Doctrine ƒƒ Age of Industry
ƒƒ Jacksonian Era ƒƒ Inventors: Bell, Edison, Carver
hh States’ rights hh Wonders of technology: Brooklyn Bridge, Statue of Liberty,
ƒƒ President Andrew Jackson: Trail of Tears, suffrage, and abolition skyscrapers
hh National Bank hh Capitalism in medicine
hh Whig Party ƒƒ Entrepreneurs:
hh Relations with Britain ƒƒ Carnegie, Rockefeller
ƒƒ Innovation and inventions hh Lyman Stewart
ƒƒ Improved transportation and communication ƒƒ Gilded Age
ƒƒ Agricultural and industrial advancements hh Immigration
ƒƒ Christian influence on industry ƒƒ Settlement of the Great Plains:
hh Medicine hh Dawes Act, Homestead Act
ƒƒ Second Great Awakening hh Populist Movement
ƒƒ Circuit riders and camp meetings ƒƒ Presidencies of Garfield, Cleveland, Harrison, and McKinley
ƒƒ Charles Finney: Second Great Awakening hh Evangelism and social reform
ƒƒ Evangelism on the home front hh Art of the Gilded Age
hh Reform movements ƒƒ Growing into greatness
ƒƒ Beginnings of American foreign missions movement ƒƒ Spanish-American War:
hh Impact of the Second Great Awakening hh Venezuelan Boundary Dispute, de Lôme letter
ƒƒ Education and culture hh Platt Amendment
ƒƒ American textbooks: Blue-Backed Speller and McGuffey’s Reader ƒƒ U.S. territorial acquisitions
ƒƒ Traditional education hh Teddy Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement
hh Public education: Horace Mann’s normal schools
hh Louis Agassiz
Times of Challenge & Promise
ƒƒ Into the Twentieth Century
hh Romantic Era: schoolroom poets
ƒƒ World War I:
ƒƒ Songwriters and artists
ƒƒ Selective Service Act
hh John James Audubon
hh Battles: Cantigny, Marne, Belleau Wood, St. Mihiel, Argonne Forest
ƒƒ Life in the 19th century
hh People: Pershing, Rickenbacker, York
ƒƒ Promise of the West
hh Fourteen Points
ƒƒ The Republic of Texas
ƒƒ Roaring Twenties:
ƒƒ Exploration of the West:
hh Sports and literature
hh Jedediah Smith and James Beckworth
hh Charles Lindbergh
ƒƒ Evangelism and settlement in the Pacific Northwest
hh Billy Sunday and Prohibition
ƒƒ Marcus Whitman and the Oregon Trail
ƒƒ Evolution: Scopes trial
ƒƒ The Mexican War:
ƒƒ Presidents Harding and Coolidge:
hh Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
hh Foreign affairs
ƒƒ Mexican Cession
hh Rise of big government
ƒƒ California and the gold rush:
hh Cause of the Great Depression: government intervention
hh Bear Flag Revolt
hh President Herbert Hoover
hh William Taylor
hh Success of private relief
Times of Testing & Triumph hh President Franklin D. Roosevelt
ƒƒ Civil War and Reconstruction hh New Deal and rise of socialism in America
ƒƒ States’ rights ƒƒ A world at war
ƒƒ Slavery: ƒƒ Steps to World War II
hh Dred Scott Decision hh Results of socialism and evolutionary thought

U.S. History cont. p. 136

135
GRADE 8
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: U.S. History cont.
Times of Challenge & Promise cont.
ƒƒ World War II in Europe and Asia:
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ƒƒ “9/11” and the War on Terror:
hh Department of Homeland Security

hh Lend-Lease Act ƒƒ Operation Iraqi Freedom: Saddam Hussein

hh War efforts ƒƒ President Barack Obama
hh Doolittle Raid hh Affordable Care Act

hh Fighting Red Tails hh New Start

ƒƒ Spread of Communism in Eastern Europe ƒƒ Land of Opportunity

ƒƒ Cold War against Communism begins: Geography
hh Taft-Hartley Act
ƒƒ Western Hemisphere
ƒƒ Korean War: ƒƒ North America
hh Pusan Perimeter
ƒƒ The 13 Original Colonies
ƒƒ Time for freedom and responsibility ƒƒ Canada
hh Progress and prosperity in the 1950s
ƒƒ The War for Independence
ƒƒ President Dwight D. Eisenhower: ƒƒ United States: physical
hh McCarthy Era
ƒƒ Washington, D.C.
hh President John F. Kennedy and the New Frontier
ƒƒ Civil rights movement Geography cont.
ƒƒ Troubled times for America ƒƒ Eastern United States
hh Testing traditional values ƒƒ Central United States
ƒƒ President L. B. Johnson and the Great Society: ƒƒ Westward expansion
hh Civil Rights Act ƒƒ Western United States
ƒƒ Vietnam War: ƒƒ Civil War
hh Tet Offensive ƒƒ Pacific United States
hh America’s decline in the 1970s ƒƒ Mexico
ƒƒ Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Carter ƒƒ Central America
hh SALT talks ƒƒ West Indies
ƒƒ Reagan Era and the ‘90s ƒƒ South America
ƒƒ President Ronald Reagan: ƒƒ United States: political
ƒƒ Conservative movement of the 1980s:
Civics
hh Thomas Sowell
ƒƒ A study of national, state, and local government:
hh Iran-Contra hearings
ƒƒ Symbols
ƒƒ Information Age
ƒƒ Flag etiquette
ƒƒ End of Cold War
ƒƒ Symbolism of the flag-folding ceremony
ƒƒ President George Bush:
ƒƒ Patriotic documents
ƒƒ Persian Gulf War
ƒƒ The Constitution at a glance
hh Growing national debt
ƒƒ Location of states
ƒƒ President Bill Clinton:
ƒƒ Geography
hh Liberal agenda
ƒƒ History
hh Terrorism threatens America:
ƒƒ Government
hh Atlanta’s Centennial Park
ƒƒ County
hh Columbine High School
ƒƒ City/Town
hh Last acts of the Clinton Administration
ƒƒ State Profiles (for use with State Studies)
ƒƒ In defense of freedom
ƒƒ President George W. Bush Prayer Time
ƒƒ Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials

136
 GRADE 8

SCIENCE: Science: Earth & Space

Science: Earth and Space lays a foundation for future study of the nonliving world. The text begins “from
the ground up,” starting with soil science and geology. Students learn how geology and the fossil record
support the biblical record of a worldwide Flood—not the hypotheses of evolution.
The exploration of the seas includes studying currents, tides, and ocean floor. An investigation of the
atmosphere and processes that cause weather includes overviews of several weather phenomena and
of measuring and forecasting the weather.
The solar system, stars, and galaxies are examined as the creation of God; e
­ volutionary hypotheses of
solar-system formation are briefly discussed and shown to be scientifically unsound. Students learn about
man’s study and use of astronomy, including an overview of manned and unmanned spaceflight.
The text concludes with a study of environmental issues, thus teaching students to be good stewards of
the natural resources God has provided.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Feature boxes with activities, extra infor-
mation, hands-on i­nvestigations for the
classroom and at home
ƒƒ Short articles highlighting God’s design in
­creation (5)
ƒƒ Science Investigations (17)
ƒƒ Challenging homework questions designed to ƒƒ Reading quizzes (21)
provoke thinking more deeply about concepts ƒƒ Review quizzes (39)
taught (47) ƒƒ In class STEM project (counts as 4 quiz grades
ƒƒ Thought-provoking review exercises (69) and 1 test grade)
ƒƒ Highlighted fun facts (154) ƒƒ Tests (8), quarter exams (2)
ƒƒ Review activities to prepare for tests (28) ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Introduction to Science Geology

ƒƒ Using the scientific method: ƒƒ Structure of the earth:
ƒƒ Three main components; hypotheses, theories, and laws; six steps; ƒƒ Introduction to geology: defined
types of variables; experimental design ƒƒ Crust—outer layer:
hh Falsifiability ƒƒ Covered with sediment
hh Engineering design process—criteria, constraints, prototype hh Oxygen, silicon, ­aluminum, iron
ƒƒ Scientific reasoning—deductive and inductive reasoning: ƒƒ Mantle—middle layer:
hh Hypothetical proposition, affirming the antecedent, denying the hh Seismic waves, upper mantle, transition zone, lower mantle
consequent ƒƒ Moho
hh Method of difference, repeatability, reproducibility, post hoc fal- ƒƒ Core:
lacy
ƒƒ Outer and inner core
ƒƒ Scientific models
hh Core-mantle boundary

Pedology: Soil Science ƒƒ Movements of crust:

ƒƒ Characteristics of soil: ƒƒ Plates, plate tectonics
ƒƒ Organic and mineral materials, humus hh Lithosphere, asthenosphere

ƒƒ Topsoil, subsoil, bedrock hh Development of plate tectonics theory

hh Texture: sand, silt, clay, loam hh Relationship of plate tectonics to biblical record; catastrophic

hh Colors: Munsell charts

plate tectonics
hh Rodinia, Pangea, types of faults and folds
hh Soil pH: pH scale
hh Mountains: volcanic, domed, folded, fault-block
ƒƒ Soil nutrients—nutrients and primary plant food elements:
hh Fertilizer composition: phosphates, nitrogen, potassium
ƒƒ Earthquakes:
hh Nitrogen:
ƒƒ Earthquakes and tremors:
hh Nitrogen cycle, nitrogen compounds
ƒƒ Tectonic earthquakes, tsunamis, aftershocks
hh Nitrogen-fixing bacteria
ƒƒ Seismology, faulting, elastic rebound theory
hh Nitrifying bacteria, denitrifying bacteria
ƒƒ San Andreas Fault, hypocenter, epicenter
hh Phosphorus: cell division, growth, plant maturity
ƒƒ Earthquake zones: circum-Pacific belt, Alpide belt
hh Earthquake waves: P waves, S waves, surface waves, seismograph,
hh Potassium: general health of plant and disease resistance
seismogram, locating an earthquake’s epicenter, earthquake early
ƒƒ Air and water in the soil:
warning
hh Ground air: pore spaces
ƒƒ Earthquake strength:
ƒƒ Groundwater:
hh Modified Mercalli Scale
hh Saturated, water table, artesian well­
ƒƒ Richter magnitude scale
ƒƒ Aquifer, capillarity
hh Moment magnitude scale

Science: Earth & Space cont. p. 138

137
GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Earth & Space cont.
Geology cont. ƒƒ Metamorphic rocks:
hh Studying earthquakes: ƒƒ Metamorphism:
hh Provide information about earth’s interior hh Contact and regional metamorphism

hh San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth ƒƒ Foliated and nonfoliated rocks

ƒƒ Reducing earthquake damage: hh Characteristics of metamorphic rocks

hh Fixed-base, base-isolated, and energy-dissipating systems ƒƒ Weathering:

ƒƒ Volcanoes: ƒƒ Physical weathering:
ƒƒ Magma, magma chamber, cone hh Ice wedging, exfoliation

hh Volcanology ƒƒ Chemical weathering:

ƒƒ Types of volcanoes: cinder-cone, shield, composite, active, hh Causes, rate

­dormant, extinct ƒƒ Erosion:

ƒƒ Location of volcanoes: Ring of Fire ƒƒ Erosion by rain:
ƒƒ Volcanic eruptions and ejecta: hh Runoff, sheet erosion

hh Types of lava ƒƒ Gullying

ƒƒ Pyroclasts: ƒƒ Erosion by rivers:
ƒƒ Volcanic ash, lapilli, volcanic blocks, volcanic bombs hh Headwaters, load, drainage system, drainage basin, drainage

hh Difference between volcanic blocks and volcanic bombs, divide

pyroclastic flows hh Tributary, floodplain, levees, meanders, oxbow lake, alluvial fan

ƒƒ Volcanic structures: ƒƒ Erosion by groundwater:

ƒƒ Calderas ƒƒ Caverns, stalactite, stalagmite, column, sinkhole
hh Lava tunnels hh Dripstone, karst regions

hh Igneous intrusions: dikes, sills, laccoliths, batholiths ƒƒ Erosion by the sea:

ƒƒ Introduction to minerals: ƒƒ Beaches, sea caves
ƒƒ Study of minerals: hh Bars, barrier islands, promontories, sea cliff, sea arches, sea stack

ƒƒ Mineralogy, crystals ƒƒ Erosion by glaciers:

hh Groups of minerals (halides, sulfides, sulfates, oxides, carbonates, hh Continental glaciers, ice caps, valley glaciers, crevasses
phosphates, silicates); faces hh Cirque, arête, horn, fjord, striae, till, moraine, drumlins
ƒƒ Identifying minerals: hh Outwash, kettles, Ice Age
ƒƒ Surface color, streak color, luster, hardness, Mohs scale hh Erosion by wind:
ƒƒ Cleavage, acid test hh Eolian processes, deflation, sand and dust storms, sand dunes
hh Specific gravity, special properties (fluorescence, phosphoresence) hh Crescentic, parabolic, and transverse dunes
ƒƒ Notable minerals: hh Abrasion
ƒƒ Metals: hh Erosion by gravity:
ƒƒ Ore, useful metals hh Mass wasting, soil creep, mudflows
hh Metallurgy, Bayer process, Hall-Héroult process hh Avalanche, landslides, rockfall
ƒƒ Iron, alloy, precious metals ƒƒ Preventing erosion:
hh Blast furnace, direct iron reduction ƒƒ Terracing
ƒƒ Gemstones: hh Strip-cropping, breakwaters
ƒƒ Precious stones, diamond pipes, semiprecious stones
hh Simulant and synthetic gemstones
Interpreting the Fossil Record
ƒƒ Conflicting views of the beginning:
hh Methods of synthesizing: flame fusion process, pulled method,
hydrothermal synthesis ƒƒ Special creation, evolution:
hh Big bang, theistic evolution
ƒƒ Rocks—petrology:
hh Limitations of geology: principle of uniformity
ƒƒ Igneous rocks:
hh Geology and the Genesis Flood
ƒƒ Intrusive and extrusive rock
ƒƒ Coarse-grained, fine-grained ƒƒ Uniformitarianism: Charles Lyell, problems with, Charles Darwin
hh Catastrophism: Georges Cuvier
hh Porphyritic (mixed-textured), amorphous, porous
ƒƒ Sedimentary rocks: ƒƒ Paleontology:
hh Concretions, stratum, law of superposition
ƒƒ Fossil formation
hh Geologic column:
ƒƒ Mechanical sediments:
hh Eons, eras, periods, epochs, index fossils
ƒƒ Conglomerate rock
hh Imaginary arrangement, circular reasoning, anomalies
hh Clastic sedimentary rock
hh Radiometric dating: carbon-14 dating
ƒƒ Chemical sediments:
hh Biblical explanation of the fossil record
hh Precipitate, evaporites, salt domes
hh Evidence of a flood:
ƒƒ Organic sediments:
hh Quick deposition: massive “graveyards,” polystrate fossils,
ƒƒ Fossil fuel, types of coal, bitumen, surface mining
­unconformity
ƒƒ Underground mining:
hh Living fossils: coelacanth, stasis
hh Longwall, continuous, and retreat mining

Science: Earth & Space cont. p. 139

138
 GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Earth & Space cont.
Interpreting the Fossil Record cont. The Atmosphere
ƒƒ Evidence against evolution: ƒƒ Introducing the atmosphere:
hh “Missing links”: ƒƒ Atmospheric composition:
hh Seymouria, Archaeopteryx, Tiktaalik hh Homosphere, heterosphere

hh Cambrian explosion ƒƒ Composition of air, water vapor, ozone

hh Impossibility of intermediates ƒƒ Layers by temperature:
ƒƒ Natural selection and intermediates ƒƒ Troposphere:
ƒƒ Punctuated equilibrium hh Temperature gradient, tropopause

ƒƒ Evolution of man—a mistaken belief: ƒƒ Stratosphere, ozone layer:

hh Man vs. ape: body structure, upright posture, cranial capacity hh Types of ultraviolet radiation

ƒƒ Questionable intermediates: ƒƒ Mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere:

ƒƒ Ramapithecus, Neanderthal man hh Mesopause, thermopause

hh Australopithecines, Lucy, Homo habilis, Skull 1470

The Atmosphere cont.
hh Homo erectus, Java man, Peking man, Cro-Magnon man
ƒƒ Ionosphere:
ƒƒ True origin of man: created in God’s image hh Cosmic rays, plasma

The Seas ƒƒ Magnetosphere:

ƒƒ Water of the seas—oceanography: ƒƒ Poles, magnetic field, auroras
hh Van Allen radiation belts
ƒƒ Characteristics of seawater:
ƒƒ Composition, salinity ƒƒ Atmospheric pressure: weight of air
hh Color, temperature, density, hydrostatic pressure
ƒƒ Heat and the atmosphere:
hh Ocean Resources
ƒƒ Balanced system:
hh Radiation, albedo
hh Ice of the seas: sea ice, icebergs, ice shelf
ƒƒ Insolation:
ƒƒ Movement of the seas:
hh Factors affecting insolation
ƒƒ Ocean currents:
hh Perihelion, aphelion, energy budget
hh Surface currents, gyre
ƒƒ Greenhouse effect:
ƒƒ Gulf Stream, Peru Current
hh Greenhouse gases
hh Subsurface currents: density current, turbidity current
ƒƒ Heat distribution in the atmosphere:
hh Upwelling, countercurrent
hh Conduction, convection, convection currents
ƒƒ Waves and related phenomena:
ƒƒ Updrafts, downdrafts
ƒƒ Crest, trough
hh Adiabatic heating and cooling
hh Period, whitecaps, ocean swells, breaker, surf
ƒƒ Patterns of circulation:
hh Undertow, longshore current, rip current
ƒƒ Circulating currents:
hh Tsunami formation, propagation, and warning systems
ƒƒ Low pressure, high pressure, global winds
ƒƒ Tides:
hh Convection cell, Hadley cell
ƒƒ High, low, spring, neap tides
ƒƒ Coriolis effect:
hh Diurnal, semidiurnal, mixed semidiurnal
hh Inertia, cyclone, anticyclone
ƒƒ Geography of the seas:
ƒƒ Earth’s wind zones:
ƒƒ Continental margin:
hh Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ or doldrums), horse
ƒƒ Continental shelf, continental slope
latitudes
hh Shelf break, continental rise, submarine canyons
ƒƒ Trade winds, polar easterlies, prevailing westerlies
ƒƒ Deep ocean floor:
hh Jet streams, Rossby waves
ƒƒ Seamount, atoll, lagoon, mid-ocean ridge
ƒƒ Local winds:
hh Abyssal plain, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, hadal zone
hh Monsoon effect
ƒƒ Study of the seas:
hh Sea, lake, land, and forest breezes
ƒƒ Introduction to oceanography:
hh Anabatic, katabatic, fall winds
ƒƒ Matthew Maury
hh Foehns, Santa Ana winds
hh H.M.S. Challenger
ƒƒ Vessels of the oceanographer: Weather
ƒƒ Submersibles ƒƒ Understanding weather—climate, meteorology:
hh Research vessel, bathyscaphe ƒƒ Factors causing weather: heat energy, uneven heat distribution,
hh Deep Submergence Vehicles, remotely operated vehicle water vapor
ƒƒ Manned undersea laboratories ƒƒ Atmospheric water vapor:
ƒƒ Equipment of the oceanographer: ƒƒ Melting, freezing, precipitation, condensation
hh Oceanographic buoys, drift bottles, profiling floats ƒƒ Saturated, relative humidity
hh Niskin bottles, rosette, gravity corer, piston corer ƒƒ Dew and frost points:
ƒƒ Sonar, scuba ƒƒ Dew, frozen dew, frost
hh Condensation nuclei, frost point, deposition, supercooled,
freezing nuclei

Science: Earth & Space cont. p. 140

139
GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Earth & Space cont.
Weather cont. ƒƒ Barometer:
ƒƒ Clouds and fog: ƒƒ Bar
ƒƒ Naming clouds: hh Aneroid barometer, millibars

ƒƒ Based on: ƒƒ Hygrometer:

ƒƒ Shape ƒƒ Psychrometer
hh Height hh Wet-bulb depression, hair hygrometer

ƒƒ Cumulus, stratus, cirrus, and variations of these three ƒƒ Weather vane

hh Lenticular, contrails hh Anemometer

ƒƒ Fog: hh Rain gauge, Stevenson Screen

ƒƒ Radiation and steam fog ƒƒ Modern measurements:

hh Mist; advection, upslope, and freezing fog hh Automated instruments, automatic weather stations

hh Smog, photochemical smog hh Transmissometer, visibility

ƒƒ Precipitation—hydrologic cycle ƒƒ Weather balloons:

ƒƒ Liquid precipitation: hh Radiosonde

ƒƒ Rain, raindrops, snowflakes, drizzle, freezing rain hh Sounding rocket, ceilometers

hh Bergeron-Findeisen process, collision-coalescence process ƒƒ Radar, weather satellite

ƒƒ Solid precipitation: hh Summarizing weather conditions: surface weather charts, station
model, isobars, isotherms
ƒƒ Sleet, snow, dendrite, hail
ƒƒ Predicting weather conditions: weather forecasts, supercomput-
hh Flurries, snow squall, blizzard, whiteout, glaze, rime
ers
hh Drought: conditions for; agricultural, hydrological, and socioeco-
ƒƒ Do-it-yourself forecasting: predictable patterns, analyzing clouds
nomic droughts
ƒƒ Air masses: Astronomy
ƒƒ Types of: ƒƒ Solar System:
ƒƒ Maritime tropical, continental tropical ƒƒ Structure of the solar system:
ƒƒ Maritime polar, continental polar, Arctic ƒƒ Orbit
hh Antarctic air-mass weather hh Geocentric, Aristotle
ƒƒ Fronts and weather: ƒƒ Ptolemy
ƒƒ Warm and cold fronts ƒƒ Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler
hh Stationary and occluded fronts hh Heliocentric
hh Frontal cyclones ƒƒ Planetary motions:
ƒƒ Thunderstorms, lightning, and tornadoes: ƒƒ Elliptical paths, Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion
ƒƒ Thunderstorms: ƒƒ Astronomical units
hh Stable and unstable air, stages of development ƒƒ Gravity and the solar system:
hh Downbursts, cells, supercell ƒƒ Sir Isaac Newton, law of universal gravitation
ƒƒ Squall line hh Origin of the solar system: Creation vs. nebular hypothesis
ƒƒ Lightning: ƒƒ Interplanetary space: vacuum
ƒƒ Formation, stepped leader, thunder ƒƒ Planets:
hh Return stroke, dart leader ƒƒ Mercury: speediest planet
ƒƒ Types: ƒƒ Venus:
hh Negative and positive cloud-to-ground, hot lightning, ƒƒ Earth’s twin, morning and evening star
ground-to-cloud, ball lightning hh Retrograde
ƒƒ Tornadoes: ƒƒ Earth:
ƒƒ Formation, dangers ƒƒ Life-sustaining planet
hh Mesocyclone, condensation funnel, occurrence
ƒƒ Moon, satellite, lunar month, maria
hh Enhanced Fujita scale, waterspout, dust devil
hh Terrae, rays
ƒƒ Hurricanes: ƒƒ Phases of the moon, solar eclipse, lunar eclipse
hh Life of a hurricane: tropical cyclone, tropical disturbance
ƒƒ Mars: red planet, Phobos, Deimos, Tharsis Bulge, Olympus Mons
hh Cyclone categories:
ƒƒ Jupiter:
hh Tropical depression, tropical storm
ƒƒ Largest planet, Great Red Spot, Galilean satellites
hh Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale
ƒƒ Saturn:
hh Hurricane structure: eye, eye wall
ƒƒ Second-largest, “shepherd moons,” Titan, Iapetus, Mimas,
ƒƒ Hurricane dangers: Phoebe
ƒƒ Wind, inland flooding hh Enceladus
hh Storm surge ƒƒ Uranus:
ƒƒ Measuring and forecasting weather: ƒƒ Retrograde rotation
ƒƒ Measuring basics: hh Titania, Oberon, Miranda, Cordelia, Ophelia
ƒƒ Thermometer: ƒƒ Neptune: discovered mathematically before seen
hh Maximum-minimum, bimetallic strip, and electrical hh Planets vs. dwarf planets: Pluto and moons, Eris
thermometers; thermograph
Science: Earth & Space cont. p. 141

140
 GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Earth & Space cont.
Astronomy cont. ƒƒ Radio wave astronomy:
ƒƒ Asteroids: asteroid belt, Ceres, Trojan asteroids, near-earth ƒƒ Radio telescopes
asteroids hh Interferometry

ƒƒ Comets: ƒƒ Astronomy and time:

hh Edmond Halley hh Meridian and transits: zenith, nadir, meridian, transit

ƒƒ Halley’s comet, nucleus, coma, tail ƒƒ Day and night:

hh Short-period comet, long-period comet hh Sidereal day

ƒƒ Kuiper belt hh Apparent solar day, mean solar day, equation of time

ƒƒ Meteoroids: meteor, meteor shower, meteorites ƒƒ Standard solar time, summer time
ƒƒ Constellations: ƒƒ Longer times: lunar month, solar year, week
hh Celestial sphere: ƒƒ Calendars:
hh Horizon, distance between objects, celestial poles ƒƒ Gregorian
hh Celestial equator, circumpolar hh Julian, Jewish

ƒƒ Polaris, zodiac ƒƒ Ecliptic and climates:

hh Modern definition of constellation, asterisms hh Equinox, precession of the equinoxes, solstice

ƒƒ Seasonal constellations: ƒƒ Climate zones

hh Spring constellations ƒƒ Seasons:
hh Summer constellations: Lyra, Vega, Summer Triangle hh Relationship to equinoxes and solstices; lengths

hh Autumn and winter constellations ƒƒ Causes

ƒƒ Great Square ƒƒ History of spaceflight:
ƒƒ Southern constellations: Centaurus and Crux ƒƒ Rockets: solid-fuel rocket, Robert Goddard, liquid-fuel rocket,
ƒƒ Sun, stars, and galaxies: ­Wernher von Braun
ƒƒ Sun: ƒƒ Race to the moon:
ƒƒ Core, photosphere, granule, sunspots ƒƒ Sputnik 1, Explorer 1
hh Supergranules ƒƒ Yuri Gagarin, Alan Shepard, John Glenn, Valentina Tereshkova
ƒƒ Chromosphere, spicules, solar flares, solar prominence ƒƒ Gemini and Apollo Programs, Saturn V, Neil Armstrong
hh Transition region ƒƒ Manned space stations: Salyut program, Skylab, Mir, International
Space Station
ƒƒ Corona, solar wind
ƒƒ Space shuttle
ƒƒ Stellar measurements:
ƒƒ Spaceflight today:
ƒƒ Light-year
hh Nations in space
hh Parallax, stellar parallax, parsec
ƒƒ Private space flights
ƒƒ Star magnitude: apparent magnitude, absolute magnitude
ƒƒ Orbits and satellites:
ƒƒ Star categories:
ƒƒ Objects in orbit:
ƒƒ Temperature and color, temperature and magnitude
hh Apogee, perigee
hh Hertzsprung-Russell diagram
ƒƒ Geostationary orbit, polar orbit
ƒƒ Giants, supergiants, main sequence, white dwarfs
hh Sun-synchronous orbits, Hohmann transfer orbit
hh Red dwarfs
ƒƒ Unmanned satellites:
ƒƒ Stars in groups:
ƒƒ Astronomical, communications, weather, navigational
ƒƒ Binary star, optical double
ƒƒ Earth observation, military satellites, GPS
hh Open clusters, globular clusters
ƒƒ Unmanned space probes:
ƒƒ Stellar explosions:
hh Escape velocity
ƒƒ Nova, supernova, pulsar
hh Neutron star Environmental Science
ƒƒ Galaxies: ƒƒ Environment and pollution:
ƒƒ Milky Way, clusters, Local Group, Andromeda galaxy ƒƒ Introduction to environmental science:
ƒƒ Superclusters ƒƒ Biotic and abiotic factors, biogeochemical cycles
ƒƒ Spiral, barred, elliptical, and irregular galaxies hh Preservationists, conservationists
hh Lenticular galaxies ƒƒ Pantheism
hh Quasars ƒƒ Pollution basics
ƒƒ Nebulae hh Land pollution: landfill, reclaimed, waste-to-energy incinerator,
syngas
Man & the Universe hh Air pollution:
ƒƒ Instruments of astronomy:
hh Primary and secondary pollutants, formation and dangers of
ƒƒ Visible light astronomy:
temperature inversion
ƒƒ Telescope, refracting telescope, objective
hh Clean Air Acts
ƒƒ Eyepiece, reflecting telescope
hh Water pollution: point and non-point sources, coliform bacteria
hh Resolution
hh Global change:
ƒƒ Spectroscopy:
hh Acid rain
ƒƒ Visible spectrum, spectroscope, spectrogram
hh Redshift, blueshift Science: Earth & Space cont. p. 142

141
GRADE 8
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Earth & Space cont.
Environmental Science cont. hh Managing fossil fuels—hydraulic fracturing

hh Ozone depletion: ƒƒ Renewable energy:

hh Rowland-Molina hypothesis, freons, halons ƒƒ Biomass energy
hh Ozone-depleting substances, Montreal Protocol ƒƒ Biofuels:
hh Hydrochlorofluorocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons ƒƒEthanol
ƒƒ Global warming: anthropogenic global warming, Medieval C
­ limate hh Wood gas, biogas

Optimum, Little Ice Age hh Management

ƒƒ Managing our resources: ƒƒ Solar energy:

ƒƒ Biblical commands hh Active and passive solar power, photovoltaic cells, concentrat-

ƒƒ Examining our resources: ing solar power

hh Non-renewable and renewable resources ƒƒ Wind power:
ƒƒ Sustainable development, environmental technology hh Aerogenerator, wind farm

hh Water reclamation hh Hydroelectric power

ƒƒ Recycling programs hh Nuclear power:

ƒƒ Fossil Fuels hh Nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission, nuclear chain reaction

ƒƒ Petroleum—fractional distillation hh Nuclear reactor, breeder reactor

hh Natural gas

142
 GRADE 8

BIBLE: Book of Acts (one semester)

Bible 8 consists of two parts: Book of Acts and Joshua and Judges. Evaluation
This first-semester course is designed to give students a basic overview of the ƒƒ Verses:
life of Peter and Paul, the beginning of the church, and the spread of the gospel ƒƒ Verse quizzes (14)
to the Gentiles and eventually to the world through Paul’s missionary travels. ƒƒ 9-weeks verses exam (1)
ƒƒ Final verses exam (1)
Through the Book of Acts, students may see the power of God at work in His
ƒƒ Content:
willing servants. His servant Paul is a real person—a person with feelings just
like anyone else. Yet Paul’s reactions to the trials of life and his indomitable faith ƒƒ 9-weeks content exam
(1)
in the power of Christ separated him from the nominal Christian life. His life
serves as an example for all believers to follow. ƒƒ Final content exam (1)

Crucifixion
Paul Paul
John the
®
®

Baptist / Peter
Life of Life of
Flash-a-Card ® Resurrectionand

Life of Christ • Series 5 Flash-a-Card Series 1 Flash-a-Card Series 2 Flash-a-Card®

12 Lessons • 32 Cards
®

1 John the Baptist (part 1)

2 John the Baptist (part 2)
3 Peter (part 1)
4 Peter (part 2)
5 Peter and John
6 Power and Persecution
7 Ananias and Sapphira
8 Persecution / Gamaliel
9 Persecution / Philip’s Ministry
10 Peter and Cornelius
11 Peter’s Defense / Antioch
Christians
12 Peter Freed by Angel
Lesson Guide Included

9 Lessons • 37 Cards Saul Meets Jesus on the Road to Damascus Voyage to Rome
Jesus Rises from the Dead 1 Triumphal Entry 9 Lessons • 38 Cards
2 Last Supper 1 The Macedonian Vision
3 Garden of Gethsemane 2 The Philippian Jailer
5 Lessons • 25 Cards 3 Thessalonica, Berea, and
4 Judgment Hall
Mars’ Hill
5 Crucifixion 1 God Gives Power to Witness 4 Uproar at Ephesus
6 Resurrection 2 The Stoning of Stephen 5 Paul Arrested in Jerusalem
7 Emmaus and the Upper 3 Saul Meets His Master 6 Before Governors and Kings
Room 4 God Gives Saul a Friend 7 Shipwreck!
Peter raises Dorcas. 8 Breakfast on the Shore 5 Paul’s First Missionary 8 Rome, at Last!
with Jesus Journey 9 Paul’s Letters from Prison
´,CD"£¨ 9 Ascension
´82q! ¨ Lesson Guide Included
´83N! ¨ King Agrippa—Almost Persuaded
Lesson Guide Included
Philippian Jailer Is Saved
´3jk"}¨
12353602 The Centurion Believes
Lesson Guide Included
Jesus Is Sentenced First Missionary Journey Escape from Damascus 19747502
24194601
John the Baptist preaching in the wilderness abeka.com 24188101 abeka.com
abeka.com abeka.com

Lessons 129 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Music 44 songs

ƒƒ John the Baptist/Peter (19 lessons) ƒƒ Hymns of the faith, choruses, holiday songs
ƒƒ Crucifixion and Resurrection (16)
ƒƒ Life of Paul Series 1 (14)
Memory Work
ƒƒ Passages (14 containing 48 verses)
ƒƒ Life of Paul Series 2 (21)
Prayer Time
ƒƒ Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us

BIBLE: Joshua & Judges (one semester)

The second-semester course, Joshua and Judges, focuses Evaluation
on the nation of Israel after their triumphant exodus from ƒƒ Verses:
Egypt. The exciting, dramatic account of the conquering
ƒƒ Verse quizzes (14)
of the Promised Land will remind the student of the power
ƒƒ 9-weeks verses exam (1)
of God and the provision for His people. This course begins
with the anointing of Joshua and ends with the rule of Israel’s ƒƒ Final verses exam (1)
judges. ƒƒ Content:
ƒƒ 9-weeks content exam (1)
ƒƒ Final content exam (1)

Esther Flash-a-Card
Samuel
Life of
Flash-a-Card
EZRA &
NEHEMIAH Flash-a-Card

7 Lessons • 31 Cards
1 Temple’s Foundation Laid
5 Lessons • 24 Cards 2 Temple Completed
1 Esther Becomes Queen 4 Lessons • 21 Cards 3 Ezra the Priest
2 Haman Conspires against the Jews 1 The Boy Samuel 4 Nehemiah the Cupbearer
3 Esther Petitions the King 2 The Philistines Capture the Ark 5 Enemies Without and Within
4 Haman Hangs on His Own Gallows 3 Samuel Anoints Saul King 6 Wall Completed
5 Victory for the Jewish People 4 Samuel Rebukes King Saul 7 Wall Dedicated
Lesson Guide Included
Esther Goes before the King
´;-a!P¨ Lesson Guide Included
Samuel Serves in the Tabernacle
´;,9!=¨ Lesson Guide Included ´;-q!¢¨
27136501 27122501 The Temple Is Rebuilt 27138101
abeka.com abeka.com
abeka.com

Lessons 154 Abeka Flash-a-Cards Music 40 songs

ƒƒ Joshua (16 lessons) ƒƒ Hymns of the faith, holiday, choruses
ƒƒ Judges (19)
ƒƒ Ruth (5)
Memory Work
ƒƒ Passages (14 containing 44 total verses)
ƒƒ Life of Samuel (9)
ƒƒ Esther (8) Sword Drill 85 verses
ƒƒ Ezra and Nehemiah (15) ƒƒ Old and New Testament

Prayer Time
ƒƒ Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us

143
GRADE 9

ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition

Two vital abilities, the ability to express one’s ideas creatively as well as correctly and the ability to comprehend
and interpret the written word skillfully, are built upon the elements studied in English 9. Grammar and Compo-
Sixth Edition sition III provides foundational practice of proper grammar and develops the basic composition skills utilized in
outlining, researching, and composing a variety of rhetorical expositions and creative writing.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ English teaching DTAs
ƒƒ Grammar quizzes (26)
ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Compositions:
ƒƒ Book reports: full (2), short (1),
oral (1)
ƒƒ Paragraph (1)
ƒƒ Research paper (1)
ƒƒ Optional (graded at teacher discretion):
ƒƒ Outline
ƒƒ Essays: short formal, full formal, comparison and
contrast, literary
ƒƒ Literary dramatization
ƒƒ Short story

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar ƒƒ Colons:
ƒƒ Capitalization: ƒƒ Before a list of items
ƒƒ Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns: ƒƒ To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation
ƒƒ Particular persons, places, things ƒƒ Between:
ƒƒ Political and economic organizations and alliances ƒƒ Chapter and verse of Bible reference
ƒƒ Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture ƒƒ Hour and minute of time reference
ƒƒ Words from proper nouns ƒƒ After salutation of a business letter
ƒƒ Common noun or adjective when part of proper name ƒƒ Italics:
ƒƒ Titles of persons, titles of works ƒƒ For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art,
ƒƒ First word of every sentence ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft
ƒƒ Pronoun I and interjection O ƒƒ For words, letters, numbers referred to as such
ƒƒ First word of every line of poetry ƒƒ For foreign words or phrases
ƒƒ Punctuation: ƒƒ Hyphens:
ƒƒ End marks: ƒƒ To divide a word at the end of line
ƒƒ Period: ƒƒ In compound numbers
ƒƒ For declarative sentences and abbreviations ƒƒ In fractions used as adjectives
hh For indirect question and polite request
ƒƒ In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective
ƒƒ Question mark for interrogative sentences ƒƒ In compound adjectives before a noun
ƒƒ Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences ƒƒ Quotation marks:
ƒƒ Commas: ƒƒ In a direct quotation
ƒƒ Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent ƒƒ To enclose:
clauses ƒƒ Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other parts
ƒƒ To indicate: of books or magazines
ƒƒ Omissions or avoid possible misreading ƒƒ A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the begin-
ning of each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph
ƒƒ Nonessential elements in a sentence:
ƒƒ Apostrophes:
ƒƒAppositive and appositive phrase
ƒƒ To form:
ƒƒParticipial phrase
ƒƒ Possessive case of nouns
ƒƒAdjective and adverb clauses
ƒƒ Individual possession within a group
ƒƒDirect address
ƒƒ Possessive case of indefinite pronouns
ƒƒWell, yes, no, or why
ƒƒ To show omissions from words
ƒƒParenthetical expressions
ƒƒ With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words used
ƒƒ To set off introductory phrases or clauses
as words
ƒƒ In dates and addresses
ƒƒ Dashes:
ƒƒ After salutations and closings of letters
ƒƒ After a series of words or phrases giving details about a state-
ƒƒ Semicolons: ment that follows
ƒƒ Between independent clauses: ƒƒ To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence
ƒƒ If not using coordinating conjunction ƒƒ To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments
ƒƒ Joined by: ƒƒ Parentheses:
ƒƒTransitional words ƒƒ To enclose:
ƒƒCoordinating conjunction if clauses already contain commas ƒƒ Parenthetical elements
ƒƒ Between items in a series if the items contain commas hh Brief confirmatory information

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 145

144
 GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. ƒƒ Keeping agreement of subject and verb
ƒƒ The sentence: ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming nouns as predicate nominatives,
direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, direct
ƒƒ Definition of sentence
address, and appositives
ƒƒ Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative,
hh Using nominative absolutes
interrogative, exclamatory
ƒƒ Using exact and vivid nouns
ƒƒ Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject,
complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase ƒƒ Pronouns:
ƒƒ Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs: ƒƒ Antecedents
ƒƒ Finding: ƒƒ Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,
compound, relative
ƒƒ Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, sen-
tence beginning with there or here ƒƒ Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects
ƒƒ Subject of an imperative sentence ƒƒ Making pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and in
gender:
ƒƒ Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words
hh Using expressions that agree with the object of the preposition
ƒƒ Diagramming subjects and verbs
such as one of those who (which, that)
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming compound subjects and verbs
ƒƒ Nominative case:
ƒƒ Recognizing complements
ƒƒ For subjects, predicate nominatives
ƒƒ Correcting fragments and run-on sentences:
ƒƒ For appositives of subjects, appositives of predicate nomina-
ƒƒ Correcting run-ons by comma and coordinating conjunction
tives, appositives to subjects, and appositives to predicate
hh Correcting run-ons by semicolon or subordination nominatives
ƒƒ Sentence structure: ƒƒ Objective case:
ƒƒ Defining dependent and independent clauses ƒƒ For direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming simple, compound, complex, and ƒƒ For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
compound-complex sentences prepositions
ƒƒ Recognizing noun clauses used as subjects of independent ƒƒ For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
clauses prepositions
hh Consistency of subject, tense, or voice ƒƒ Possessive case
hh Improving communication ƒƒ Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever
hh Conciseness and subordination and in incomplete clauses beginning with than or as
hh Business letters and memos ƒƒ Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive case
hh Proofreading skills before a gerund
hh Effective listening ƒƒ Adjectives:
hh Avoiding gobbledygook ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming adjectives: participles and proper
hh Word choice adjectives and infinitives as adjectives
hh Parallel structure ƒƒ Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns
hh Presentations ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming predicate adjectives
ƒƒ Exact and vivid words ƒƒ Using and diagramming:
ƒƒ Parts of speech: ƒƒ Prepositional, participial, and infinitive phrases as adjectives
ƒƒ Recognizing eight parts of speech ƒƒ Adjective clauses
ƒƒ Verbs: ƒƒ Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers
ƒƒ Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, and helping ƒƒ Using adjectives in comparison
verbs ƒƒ Avoiding double comparison and double negatives
ƒƒ Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, and infini- ƒƒ Using exact and vivid adjectives
tives ƒƒ Adverbs:
ƒƒ Using principal parts of verbs ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming adverbs
ƒƒ Regular verb endings ƒƒ Infinitives as adverbs
ƒƒ Irregular verbs ƒƒ Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives
ƒƒ Using correct principal parts ƒƒ Using and diagramming:
ƒƒ Verb tenses: ƒƒ Prepositional and infinitive phrases as adverbs
ƒƒ Progressive and emphatic forms ƒƒ Adverb clauses
hh When to use the tenses ƒƒ Correct placement of adverb modifiers
ƒƒ Using consistent verb tense ƒƒ Distinguishing dependent clauses:
ƒƒ Active and passive voice hh Advanced technique to determine dependent clauses as noun,
ƒƒ Mood: indicative, imperative, subjunctive adjective, or adverb
ƒƒ Avoid incorrect verb forms ƒƒ Using: adverbs in comparison, exact and vivid adverbs
ƒƒ Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors ƒƒ Prepositions:
ƒƒ Use exact and vivid verbs ƒƒ Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects of
ƒƒ Nouns: prepositions
ƒƒ Recognizing nouns ƒƒ Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs
ƒƒ Compound, common, proper, and collective ƒƒ Using prepositions correctly
hh Concrete and abstract
Grammar & Composition cont. p. 146

145
GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. hh Preparing short form book reviews

ƒƒ Conjunctions: hh Giving oral book reviews

ƒƒ Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating conjunc- ƒƒ Research paper:

tions ƒƒ Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, writing bib-
ƒƒ Interjections: liography cards, making a preliminary outline, taking notes, writing
note cards, avoiding plagiarism
ƒƒ Definition
ƒƒ Writing the paper: introduction, body
ƒƒ Punctuation with interjections
ƒƒ Using parenthetical citations
hh Other parts of speech used as interjections
ƒƒ Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclusion,
ƒƒ Diagramming interjections
unity, coherence, and citations
Composition ƒƒ Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word;
ƒƒ The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit capitali­zation and punctuation
ƒƒ Paragraph ƒƒ Preparing works cited page
ƒƒ Introduction to the paragraph ƒƒ Typing the paper
ƒƒ Paragraph structure ƒƒ Documentation for research paper
ƒƒ Paragraph unity ƒƒ The Library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress Classifica-
ƒƒ Paragraph coherence tion System, using the catalog and reference section
ƒƒ Essay answer ƒƒ Writer’s Corners
ƒƒ Outline ƒƒ Crafting a thesis sentence
hh Rhetoric: persuasion by logic
ƒƒ Using proper outline form
hh Compare-contrast paragraph and essay
ƒƒ Steps to preparing an outline
hh Literary dramatization
ƒƒ Making an outline
hh Short story
hh Critical book reviews
hh Literary essay
hh Preparing written book reviews

ENGLISH: Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry

The lists of challenging words in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry III emphasize the application of several spelling
rules, the addition of specific suffixes, and the necessity of learning frequently misspelled words. To expand stu-
Sixth
Edition dents’ vocabulary, words and definitions are taken from Themes in Literature and other ninth-grade subjects. The
goals of poetry recitation and memorization are an enjoyment and appreciation of poetic beauty and excellence.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary:
ƒƒ Spelling lists (32) including review list
at end of each 9 weeks:
ƒƒ Spelling words (560)
ƒƒ Vocabulary words (336)
ƒƒ Organized by spelling rules, suf-
fixes and prefixes, compound
words, homophones, and com-
monly misspelled words
ƒƒ Practice exercises (140)
ƒƒ Each vocabulary word includes: ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary quizzes:
ƒƒ Pronunciation, part of speech ƒƒ Weekly (28)
ƒƒ Definition, sample sentence ƒƒ Quarterly review (1 each 9 weeks;
ƒƒ Synonym, antonym, related form each counts as 2 quiz grades)
ƒƒ Pronunciation key ƒƒ Poetry quizzes: written (8), oral (2)
ƒƒ Teacher resource: vocabulary mastery
sentences
ƒƒ Poetry: footnotes define and explain
­unfamiliar words

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development ƒƒ Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed
oral practice and independent written practice
hh Master spelling lists including:
ƒƒ Learn:
hh Vocabulary words and definitions
hh Synonym, antonym, and related forms of vocabulary words
hh Words that follow the spelling rules
ƒƒ To distinguish between homophones
hh Sound-alike suffixes
ƒƒ Practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys to Good
hh Commonly misspelled words
Spelling
hh Homonyms
ƒƒ Spelling rules:
ƒƒ Use vocabulary words in proper context
ƒƒ Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like long a
ƒƒ Memorize vocabulary definitions
ƒƒ Double final consonant before adding suffix beginning with vowel
ƒƒ Be able to identify commonly misspelled words

Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont. p. 147

146
 GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry cont.
Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development cont. Poetry Skills Development
ƒƒ Change y to i when adding suffixes hh Memorize 10 lyrical poems
ƒƒ Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry
ƒƒ Learn exceptions to the spelling rules ƒƒ Lay foundation for future literature study
ƒƒ Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of the ƒƒ Perform in front of an audience
two parts ƒƒ Recite in unison
ƒƒ Adding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spelling ƒƒ Use appropriate expression and volume
ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
ƒƒ Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content
ƒƒ Develop a mental visualization of the poem
ƒƒ Discuss meaning and purpose of poems
ƒƒ Use proper observation of punctuation

ENGLISH: Literature
Themes in Literature reflects these twelve themes: truth and wisdom, courage, power of words, humility,
beauty, love, justice, temperance, joy and peace, perseverance, faith and hope, and time and eternity. As
the student becomes familiar with classics such as The Wind in the Willows, The Three Musketeers, Don
FIFTH EDITION

F IFTH E DITION

Quixote, and The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, he learns to appreciate a well-written presentation of a
theme. This appreciation not only aids in increased enjoyment of literature but also provides the foundation
needed to critically analyze it. This then can serve as a stimulus for corresponding creative essays.

Literary Value Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ 94 authors, including well-known writers such as
Mark Twain, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Helen Keller,
William ­Shakespeare, Edgar Allan Poe, and Leo
Tolstoy
ƒƒ Prose selections (57), poems (49), and plays (5)
ƒƒ Literary terms such as comic relief, static and
dynamic characters, romanticism, realism,
paradox, aside, and allegory
ƒƒ Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar words ƒƒ Assigned homework reading quizzes
ƒƒ Comprehension and discussion questions (18)
after selections ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Character-building quotations and verses ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Introductory paragraphs for interest and
background information
ƒƒ Author biographies and photos for important
authors to know
ƒƒ Suggested compositions (descriptions, sum-
maries, poems, plays and imaginative stories)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis

ƒƒ Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension Skills Development
ƒƒ Further develop oral reading skills ƒƒ Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture
ƒƒ Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in which ƒƒ Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and
they are featured discussion questions
ƒƒ Increase vocabulary ƒƒ Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and
ƒƒ Recognize basic literary devices in the selections effect, and draw conclusions
ƒƒ Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading
hh Recognize the character-building and life-enriching themes that
divide units
hh Develop an understanding of people's motives and feelings while
recognizing consequences of particular actions
hh Learn to analyze literature while studying selections
hh Comprehend and appreciate the basic elements of a work of litera-
ture
hh Learn to appreciate the rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language of
poetry

147
GRADE 9

MATHEMATICS: Algebra 1
Algebra is an extension of arithmetic, and the concepts and procedures of arithmetic are used as the foundation
upon which the study of algebra is built. Algebra supplies the language and patterns of reasoning used in the sci-
ences and other branches of knowledge. Algebraic axioms are used to form and solve equations.
Algebra 1 uses mathematical ideas in solving problems ranging from everyday applications to applications in the
physical and biological sciences.
For this grade level, see also Algebra II on p. 158.

Features Evaluation
ƒƒ Flexible pacing options in curriculum ƒƒ Chapter reviews (12) ƒƒ Quizzes (36)
ƒƒ Review exercises for every section (107) ƒƒ Nine-weeks reviews (2) ƒƒ Tests (8)
ƒƒ Informational boxes including mathemati- ƒƒ Semester review ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (2)
cal history and applications of algebra (13) ƒƒ Final review ƒƒ Semester exam
ƒƒ Mid-chapter reviews (13) ƒƒ Final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Real Numbers and the Language of Algebra hh Linear absolute value equations

ƒƒ Using letters, notation hh Graphing absolute value equations on a number line

hh Literal equations
ƒƒ Terms, coefficients, factors, variables
ƒƒ Evaluating algebraic expressions with given value ƒƒ Dependent variable, independent variable
ƒƒ Translating word phrases into algebra ƒƒ Solving word problems
ƒƒ Commutative property ƒƒ Mixture problems
ƒƒ Addition Linear Equations in Two Variables
ƒƒ Multiplication ƒƒ Cartesian plane
ƒƒ Order of operations ƒƒ Ordered pair
ƒƒ Distributive property hh Abscissa
ƒƒ Simple interest formula hh Ordinate
hh Distance formula: Cartesian Plane ƒƒ Origin
ƒƒ Numbers ƒƒ Quadrants
ƒƒ Integers hh Collinear points
ƒƒ Natural numbers ƒƒ Plotting points on the Cartesian plane
ƒƒ Whole numbers ƒƒ Develop a table of values for a linear equation
ƒƒ Real numbers ƒƒ Graph a linear equation
ƒƒ Rational numbers ƒƒ Slope:
ƒƒ Irrational numbers ƒƒ Formula
ƒƒ Signed numbers ƒƒ Horizontal, vertical, zero, undefined
ƒƒ Addition, subtraction, multiplication, division ƒƒ X and Y intercepts
ƒƒ Least common denominator (LCD)—numerical hh Standard form of an equation

hh Least common denominator (LCD)—algebraic ƒƒ Slope-intercept form

ƒƒ Absolute value ƒƒ Convert equation to slope-intercept form
ƒƒ Simplifying algebraic expressions ƒƒ Graph equation using slope-intercept form
ƒƒ Writing formulas from descriptions hh Find equation using point-slope form

ƒƒ Associative property ƒƒ Parallel and perpendicular lines

ƒƒ Addition, multiplication hh Find slope using another slope

ƒƒ Identity property hh Find equation using another equation

ƒƒ Addition, multiplication Linear Inequalities

ƒƒ Inverse property ƒƒ Law of trichotomy
ƒƒ Addition, multiplication ƒƒ Inequality notation
ƒƒ Graphing inequalities on a number line
Linear Equations in One Variable
ƒƒ Addition property of inequality
ƒƒ Solving equations
ƒƒ Multiplication property of inequality
ƒƒ Addition property of equality
ƒƒ Solve linear inequalities
ƒƒ Multiplication property of equality
ƒƒ Graph linear inequalities on a number line
ƒƒ Linear equations:
ƒƒ Write inequalities from word problems
ƒƒ Identity, contradiction, conditional
ƒƒ Compound inequalities
ƒƒ Clearing equations of fractions, decimals
hh Interval notation
ƒƒ Absolute value
ƒƒ Solve compound inequalities
ƒƒ Absolute value definition
ƒƒ Graph compound inequalities on a number line

Algebra 1 cont. p. 149

148
 GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Algebra 1 cont.
Linear Inequalities cont. hh Zero factor property

hh Absolute value inequalities hh Extraneous solutions

hh Solve absolute value inequalities hh Solving equations after factoring

hh Applying polynomial factoring
hh Graph absolute value inequalities on a number line
hh Linear inequalities in two variables
Radical Expressions and Equations
hh Solve linear inequalities in two variables
ƒƒ Radical, radicand, index
hh Graph linear inequalities in two variables
ƒƒ Principal root
Systems of Equations hh Quotient rule for radicals

ƒƒ System of linear equations ƒƒ Product rule for radicals

ƒƒ Consistent and inconsistent systems ƒƒ Simplifying radicals
ƒƒ Dependent and independent equations ƒƒ Adding and subtracting radicals
ƒƒ Point of intersection ƒƒ Like radicals
hh Multiplying radical expressions
ƒƒ Solve a system of linear equations:
hh Rationalizing the denominator of a radical
ƒƒ Graphing
hh Rationalizing two term denominators:
ƒƒ Substitution
hh Conjugate
ƒƒ Elimination
hh Solve word problems with systems of equations
ƒƒ Rational exponent property
ƒƒ Expressions with rational exponents:
Polynomial Arithmetic ƒƒ Simplify, multiply, divide
ƒƒ Monomial, binomial, trinomial, polynomial hh Solving radical equations
hh Degree of polynomial ƒƒ Pythagorean theorem:
ƒƒ Addition of polynomials ƒƒ Hypotenuse, legs
ƒƒ Combining like terms hh Distance formula
ƒƒ Subtraction of polynomials hh Find distance between two points from formula
ƒƒ Multiplication of polynomials
ƒƒ Multiplying monomials Quadratic Equations
hh Quadratic equations in standard form
ƒƒ Product rule for exponents
hh Solve quadratic equations by:
ƒƒ Power rule for exponents
hh Factoring
ƒƒ Multiply polynomials by monomials
hh Extracting the root
ƒƒ Multiply a binomial by a binomial
hh Completing the square
ƒƒ FOIL
hh Quadratic formula
hh Square a binomial
hh Multiply binomial conjugates
ƒƒ Pure quadratic
hh Discriminant
ƒƒ Multiply a polynomial by a polynomial
hh Applying quadratic equations in word problems
ƒƒ Division of polynomials
ƒƒ Divide monomials Statistics and Probability
ƒƒ Quotient rule for exponents ƒƒ Statistics
ƒƒ Zero exponent rule hh Descriptive
ƒƒ Negative exponent rule hh Inferential
ƒƒ Divide a polynomial by a monomial ƒƒ Graphs features:
hh Divide a polynomial by a binomial ƒƒ Chart title, scale, gridlines, zero line, category label, axis title, major
ƒƒ Scientific notation and minor gridlines, data label, legend
ƒƒ Addition, Subtraction ƒƒ Bar graph
ƒƒ Solve equations involving simplification ƒƒ Interpreting bar graphs
hh Write a quadratic equation for a polygon ƒƒ Creating bar graphs
hh Plane geometric figures ƒƒ Frequency
hh Three-dimensional geometric figures ƒƒ Trend
ƒƒ Segmented bar graph
Polynomial Factoring
ƒƒ Interpreting segmented bar graphs
ƒƒ Greatest common factors
hh Clustered bar graph
ƒƒ Prime, composite
hh Interpreting clustered bar graphs
ƒƒ Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
ƒƒ Percent of change
ƒƒ Factoring:
ƒƒ Circle graphs
ƒƒ Factor a common factor from a polynomial
ƒƒ Creating circle graphs
hh Perfect square trinomials
ƒƒ Interpreting circle graphs
hh Difference between two squares
hh Factoring general trinomials
hh Trinomials with a second variable
ƒƒ By grouping

Algebra 1 cont. p. 150

149
GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Algebra 1 cont.
Statistics and Probability cont. Rational Expressions and Equations
hh Types of information hh Rational expression
hh Qualitative hh Undefined
hh Quantitative hh Domain
ƒƒ Classes categorization hh Simplifying rational expressions
ƒƒ Stem-and-Leaf plots hh Multiply rational expressions
ƒƒ Stem hh Divide rational expressions
ƒƒ Leaf hh Add and subtract rational expressions
ƒƒ Creating stem-and-leaf plots hh Least common denominator of rational expressions
ƒƒ Interpreting stem-and-leaf plots hh Complex fractions
ƒƒ Histograms hh Solving rational equations
ƒƒ Creating histograms ƒƒ Proportion
ƒƒ Interpreting histograms ƒƒ Word problems
hh Frequency distribution ƒƒ Ratios and proportions
hh Symmetric or asymmetric distribution hh Word problems involving work
ƒƒ Measure of center
ƒƒ Arithmetic mean
Functions
ƒƒ Direct variation
ƒƒ Median
ƒƒ Constant of variation
ƒƒ Outlier
ƒƒ Dependent variable and independent variable
ƒƒ Mode
ƒƒ Functions
ƒƒ Box-and-Whisker plot
ƒƒ Relation
ƒƒ Creating box-and-whisker plot
ƒƒ Function notation
ƒƒ Interpreting box-and-whisker plot
ƒƒ Determine if an equation is a function
ƒƒ Dispersion
hh Domain of functions
ƒƒ Five-number summary
hh Zero of a function
ƒƒ Minimum
ƒƒ Parabola
ƒƒ Maximum
hh Vertex
ƒƒ Quartiles
hh Parabola vertex formula
hh Skewness
ƒƒ Graph parabolas
ƒƒ Scatterplots
hh Rigid transformations
hh Univariate data
hh Non-rigid transformations
hh Bivariate data
hh Parent function
hh Explanatory and response variable
hh Vertical translation
ƒƒ Positive and negative association
hh Horizontal translation
hh Causation
hh Standard graphing form of a parabola
ƒƒ Line of fit
hh Exponential growth
ƒƒ Interpolation
ƒƒ Extrapolation
ƒƒ Probability
ƒƒ Outcome
ƒƒ Mutually exclusive or not mutually exclusive
ƒƒ Calculate probability of single event
ƒƒ Probability notation
ƒƒ Independent events
ƒƒ Dependent events
ƒƒ Probability of multiple events
hh Conditional probability
ƒƒ Tree diagram

150
 GRADE 9

HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: World Geography (one semester)

World Geography presents a physical-cultural study of the earth and mankind from a conservative, Christian perspec-
tive. Basic to this perspective is the conviction that God is the Creator of the earth and of man. By applying to the study
of geography their knowledge of the Creation, the Flood, the beginning of nations at Babel, and God’s dealing with
mankind throughout the ages, students can better understand the physical features of the earth as well as the cultures
of its people.
While most geography texts approach world geography from the globalist perspective, World Geography in Christian
Perspective recognizes and discusses the national identities of individual countries. Building on what students have previ-
ously learned, this text presents a deeper, more thorough study of the religions, languages, customs, historic backgrounds,
resources, and industries to expand the students’ knowledge of each continent, region, and country presented.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Special feature boxes (75):
ƒƒ Give in-depth look at the continent being
studied
ƒƒ Present details about the vegetation and
wildlife of the region
ƒƒ Show diversity of the country’s culture and
spotlight the history of the country
ƒƒ Look at heroes of the mission field
ƒƒ Explore the wonders of the world,
concepts to consider, and strate-
gic geography of a location
ƒƒ Maps correlating to text (30)
ƒƒ Reading quizzes (11)
ƒƒ Review quizzes (22; includes labeling 12 maps)
ƒƒ Map projects (8; each counts as quiz grade)
ƒƒ Current events (15; each counts as quiz grade)
ƒƒ Tests (4), mid-semester test (1)
ƒƒ Final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Introduction to Geography Africa

hh The earth: hh Northern Africa: Sahara, Maghreb, Sahel, French Sahel, Sudan
hh The importance of understanding geography in the Christian hh Tropical Africa: Western, Central, and Eastern Africa, hunger and
­perspective disease
hh Location and topography hh Southern Africa: David Livingstone
hh Weather and climate
Australia, the Pacific & Antarctica
hh Natural resources and wildlife:
hh Australia: Western Plateau, Central Lowlands, Eastern Highlands,
hh Renewable and nonrenewable resources
Uluru Rock, Great Barrier Reef, Abel Tasman, Captain James Cook,
hh Mankind: Matthew Flinders, Australian Gold Rush
hh Culture and the Christian perspective hh The Pacific: Oceania, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Easter
hh Cultural characteristics: religion, language, forms of government, Island, Challenger Deep
economic systems hh Antarctica: Vinson Massif, Captain Robert F. Scott, Richard E. Byrd,
hh The geographer’s craft: working with and understanding maps, Antarctic Treaty
statistics, charts, and graphs
North America
Asia hh Canada: Leif Ericson, “New France,” Henry Hudson, Acadia
hh Middle East: hh United States: American Indians, independence
hh Fertile Crescent: Cradle of Civilization hh Middle America: Mexico, Central America, the West Indies
hh Arabian Peninsula: Al-Saud family
hh Northern Plateaus and Transcaucasia
South America
hh Northern Andean countries: Simón Bolívar, Auca Indians, José de
hh Central Asia
San Martín, Inca Indians
hh Southern Asia:
hh Brazil and the Guianas: the Amazon, Pedro Cabral, environmental-
hh Indian subcontinent: Hinduism, Mount Everest, Buddhism
ism in the rain forest
hh Far East:
hh Southern countries
hh Chinese sphere: Communism, Great Wall of China,
Great Silk Road, Taiwan Geography
hh Northeast Asia: Korean War ƒƒ Geography projects (8) correlating to chapters in text, featuring
hh Southeast Asia: Vietnam War, Roman Catholicism maps, both physical and political, and review questions:
ƒƒ Introduction of geography
Europe ƒƒ Asia
hh Mediterranean Europe: Alexander the Great, Greek Orthodoxy, ƒƒ Europe
Mount Vesuvius, Vatican City
ƒƒ Africa
hh Central Europe: Gauls, Franks, Protestant Reformation, Berlin Wall
ƒƒ Australia and the Pacific
hh The Low Countries: Dutch, The Hague, European Union
ƒƒ North America
hh The British Isles: Angles, Normans, Church of England, Scottish High-
ƒƒ South America
lands, the British Empire
ƒƒ Nations of the world
hh Scandinavia: Lutheranism, geothermal energy
hh Eastern Europe: Ivan the Terrible, Bolshevik Revolution, USSR, Prayer Time
Lech Walesa, John Huss ƒƒ Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials

151
GRADE 9

SCIENCE: Science: Matter & Energy

Science: Matter and Energy builds a foundation for future studies in physics, chemistry, and other fields. The C ­ hristian
perspective of this text naturally rejects the unproven hypothe­sis of evolution, recognizing special c­reation as the only
Second Edition
reasonable explanation for the universe’s origin. This position is presented throughout the text and highlighted in a chapter
on origins, which provides evidence against evolution and for the reality of the Genesis Creation account.
Science: Matter and Energy also recognizes God’s command for man to have dominion over creation. Thus the purpose
of science becomes the application of scientific knowledge for mankind’s benefit. From physics to chemistry, the goal is to
learn how man might extend his “dominion” and make better use of creation. With man’s dominion over the earth comes a
responsibility to tend, manage, and conserve resources. However, the ultimate purpose of creation must not be forgot-
ten—the earth was made for man to inhabit, and its resources were made for man to use.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Feature boxes with extra information, articles highlighting ƒƒ Reading quizzes (17)
God’s design in creation ƒƒ Review quizzes (34)
ƒƒ Laboratory exercises (29) ƒƒ Complete STEM project (counts as six quiz grades and one
ƒƒ Critical thinking questions to make students think more test grade)
deeply about concepts (200) ƒƒ Tests (8), quarter exams (2)
ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Introduction to Physical Science hh Definition of units: meter, liter, kilogram, second

ƒƒ Scientific method: ƒƒ Celsius temperature scale

ƒƒ 3-step process; theories, laws hh Kelvin temperature scale

ƒƒ Predictions: falsifiability, repeatability, reproducibility ƒƒ Volume, density, and specific gravity:

hh Causality hh Measuring volume by fluid displacement

hh Limitations of science: scope, assumptions, bias, approximations ƒƒ Describing motion:

hh Biblical reasons to study science hh Brief history of physics

ƒƒ Basics of matter and energy: hh Scalar and vectors, distance and displacement, simple vector
addition
ƒƒ Inertia, force
ƒƒ Speed
ƒƒ Properties of matter:
hh Velocity
hh Physical and chemical changes
hh Acceleration
ƒƒ Mass, weight, volume, density, state, temperature
ƒƒ Newton’s laws of motion:
hh Branches of physical science: physics and chemistry
hh Second and third laws
ƒƒ Scientific reasoning:
ƒƒ Forces in nature:
ƒƒ Deductive reasoning:
hh Quantitative treatment of gravity
ƒƒ Propositions, inferences
hh Circular motion: centripetal and centrifugal force
ƒƒ Inductive reasoning:
hh Pendulums
ƒƒ Method of difference
ƒƒ Friction:
hh Method of concomitant variation
hh Causes and types of friction
ƒƒ Reasoning and the scientific method
hh Quantitative treatment
ƒƒ Fallacies:
ƒƒ Work:
hh Invalid deductive inferences, circular reasoning
hh Quantitative treatment
ƒƒ Post hoc fallacy
hh Power, momentum
hh Equivocation, ad hominem and authority
ƒƒ Simple machines:
ƒƒ Engineering design:
hh Mechanical advantage, efficiency
ƒƒ Three steps: defining the problem, designing the solution, evaluat-
ing the solution ƒƒ Types of simple machines:
hh Safety, societal concerns, subproblems, tradeoffs ƒƒ Lever, wheel and axle, inclined plane
ƒƒ Pulley, wedge, screw
Matter and Motion ƒƒ Fluid Mechanics:
ƒƒ Measuring matter: hh Kinetic theory of matter:
hh Mathematics in science hh Cohesion, kinetic theory and states of matter
hh Accuracy, precision, and significant figures ƒƒ Liquids:
ƒƒ Scientific notation hh Adhesion
ƒƒ Units: ƒƒ Surface tension
ƒƒ Systems of measurement: ƒƒ Capillarity:
hh Need for systems of measurement hh Meniscus
ƒƒ Metric system/SI:

Science: Matter & Energy cont. p. 153

152
 GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Matter & Energy cont.
Matter & Motion cont. ƒƒ Waves and energy:
ƒƒ Pressure in liquids: ƒƒ Medium, structure of waves
hh Mathematical definition; SI units hh Types of waves

hh Gravitational pressure, Pascal’s principle ƒƒ Measurement of wave properties:

hh Hydraulic press ƒƒ Wavelength, frequency
ƒƒ Gases: hh Period, amplitude, speed

hh Gas laws: Boyle’s, Charles’s, Amontons’s hh Wave behavior

ƒƒ Atmospheric pressure: ƒƒ Sound waves:

ƒƒBarometers: ƒƒ Nature and transmission of sound waves
hh Physical principles ƒƒ History of understanding of sound waves
hh Applications: straws, breathing hh Intensity, loudness, sound intensity level

hh Fluid displacement: ƒƒ Pitch:

hh Archimedes’ principle, buoyancy hh Audible, infrasonic, and ultrasonic sounds

hh Buoyancy in liquids: floating, neutral buoyancy ƒƒ Doppler effect

hh Buoyancy in air hh Quantitative treatment of speed, shock waves

hh Fluid dynamics ƒƒ Behavior of sound waves:

ƒƒ Drag: ƒƒ Reflection:
hh Factors affecting, streamlining hh Echoes

ƒƒ Lift: ƒƒ Sonar
hh Minimizing reflection: acoustics
ƒƒAirfoil
hh Refraction, diffraction, interference
hh Cause, factors affecting, Magnus effect
hh Music:
hh Bernoulli effect
hh Scientific definition
ƒƒ Energy:
hh Interference in music:
hh SI unit
hh Consonance, dissonance, interval
ƒƒ Forms:
hh Beats, harmonic series, timbre
hh Mechanical
hh Resonance
ƒƒ Energy changes:
hh Conservation of mass and energy
Light & Color
ƒƒ Kinetic energy: ƒƒ Nature of light:
hh Forms; calculation of translational kinetic energy; relationship to
ƒƒ History of theories of light
momentum
hh Quantitative relationship between wavelength and frequency
ƒƒ Potential energy:
ƒƒ Dual nature of light
hh Fundamental forces: relationship to potential energy
ƒƒ Color:
hh Types: gravitational and electric fields
hh Relationship to frequency and wavelength; additive and subtrac-
hh Calculation of gravitational potential energy
tive mixing, primary colors
ƒƒ Heat and thermal energy: ƒƒ Behavior of light:
hh Factors affecting thermal energy
hh Reflection, refraction, mirage, scintillation, rainbow formation
hh Thermal equilibrium
hh Spectroscopy, interference, diffraction, doppler effect, polarization
hh Heat capacity and specific heat
ƒƒ Electromagnetic radiation:
hh Calorimetry
ƒƒ Electromagnetic spectrum
ƒƒ Thermal expansion: hh Properties of radio waves, microwaves, infrared, ultraviolet, x-rays,
hh Explained and gamma rays
ƒƒ Heat transfer: conduction, convection, radiation: hh Relationship between frequency and energy
hh Direction hh Laser light formation, properties, and uses
hh Applications: Dewar flask, indoor heating ƒƒ Speed of light:
hh Thermodynamics: laws of thermodynamics; mechanical equiva- hh Constant
lent of heat, Carnot engine, entropy, perpetual motion hh Brief overview of Einstein’s special and general relativity
ƒƒ State changes:
hh Freezing point depression, latent heat, heat of fusion Electricity & Magnetism
hh Volatile, nonvolatile ƒƒ Electricity:
hh Scientific definition of boiling; boiling point elevation, heat of ƒƒ Electrostatics
vaporization hh Brief history of electrostatics
hh Vapor pressure: relationship to boiling point; critical tempera- ƒƒ Electric charge and fields, law of electric charges
ture hh Quantitative treatment of law of electric force
hh Heat pumps hh Transferring charges:
hh Sublimation, deposition hh Conduction, conservation, grounding
hh Induction
hh Nature of current in gases, liquids, solids
hh Electroscope

Science: Matter & Energy cont. p. 154

153
GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Matter & Energy cont.
Electricity & Magnetism cont. hh Hardware, software

hh Electric current: hh Modern computers: PCs, servers, mainframes, and

hh Moving charges, direct and alternating current, voltage

supercomputers
hh Robotics
hh Current, power, kilowatt-hours
hh Resistance, Ohm’s law: Chemistry
hh Reducing resistance, resistors ƒƒ Foundations of chemistry:
hh Joule heat, superconductors ƒƒ Chemistry and matter:
hh Electric circuits: hh Brief history
hh Components of a circuit, closed/open circuits ƒƒ Definition, characteristics of matter, atomic theory
hh Short circuits, fuses and breakers ƒƒ Elements and compounds
hh Series and parallel circuits hh History of atomic symbols
ƒƒ Magnets and magnetism: ƒƒ Inside the atom:
ƒƒ Brief history, law of magnetic poles, magnetic fields ƒƒ Nucleus with protons and neutrons, atomic number, electrons:
hh Quantitative treatment of law of magnetic force hh Quarks, electron shells, types of ions
hh Permeability hh Mass number, atomic mass
hh Electron spin, domains ƒƒ Atomic models:
hh Types of materials: diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic hh Quantum theory, uncertainty principle, quantum numbers, Pauli
hh Methods of magnetization exclusion principle
ƒƒ Electromagnets: ƒƒ Nuclear chemistry:
hh Left-hand rule, strength hh Nuclear decay
ƒƒ Demagnetization ƒƒ Fission and fusion
hh Magnetic deflection hh Details of process
ƒƒ Magnetic earth: ƒƒ Electrons and chemical properties:
hh Compass, dipping needle ƒƒ Valence electron, periodic table of elements:
hh Magnetic declination, isogonic lines hh Periods and groups
hh Magnetic inclination, isoclinic lines ƒƒ Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals
ƒƒ Magnetosphere hh Transition metals, inner transition metals
hh Celestial magnets hh Groups 13–16
ƒƒ Applications of electrostatics ƒƒ Halogens, noble gases
hh Electrostatic generators: ƒƒ Molecules and chemistry:
hh Principles of operation ƒƒ Compounds and mixtures:
ƒƒ Lightning: hh Molecular mass, isomers
ƒƒ Lightning rods hh Pure substance, homogeneous, heterogeneous
hh Leyden jar, capacitor hh Solutions, colloids
hh Using static electricity ƒƒ Chemical bonds:
hh Using electricity: ƒƒ Covalent bonds:
hh Incandescent, fluorescent, and neon lamps hh Single, double, triple; Lewis structures
hh CFLs and LEDs hh Polar and nonpolar; electronegativity, partial charge
hh Solenoid, telegraph, relay, and loudspeaker hh Covalent network, formula unit
hh Basic structure and motions of electric motors ƒƒ Ionic bonds:
hh Producing electricity: hh Polyatomic ions; ionic crystals
hh Voltaic cells: hh Metallic bonds
hh Batteries in series and parallel hh Basic chemical nomenclature; types of chemical formulas
hh Electromagnetic induction: hh Intermolecular forces:
hh AC and DC generation hh Types, characteristics, and relative strength
hh MHD generators, transformers hh Effects on physical properties: solid structure, state changes
ƒƒ Electronics: ƒƒ Solution chemistry:
hh Foundations of electronics: hh Formation of solutions
hh Vacuum tubes, cathode-ray tubes, picture tubes, x-ray tubes hh Solubility: saturated, precipitate, factors affecting
hh Thermionic emission, diodes, triodes hh Solution concentration: mole, amount concentration (molarity),
ƒƒ Semiconductor electronics: molality
hh How a semiconductor works, doping hh Diffusion
hh Diodes, transistors ƒƒ Osmosis
ƒƒ Photovoltaic cells ƒƒ Chemical reactions:
hh LED, semiconductor lasers hh Reactants, products, evidence
hh Integrated circuit production and application ƒƒ Chemical equations, conservation of mass:
hh Electronic computers: hh Balancing equations
hh History of the computer: ENIAC and UNIVAC I hh Types of chemical reactions
hh Analog v. digital hh Chemical thermodynamics:
hh Binary and hexadecimal number systems, ASCII logic gates
Science: Matter & Energy cont. p. 155

154
 GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Science: Matter & Energy cont.
Chemistry ƒƒ History of evolutionary philosophy:
hh Endothermic and exothermic reactions ƒƒ Darwin, Lyell, Origin of Species, uniformitarianism
hh Entropy in chemical reactions hh Thomas Huxley

hh Chemical kinetics: activation energy, factors affecting reaction hh Movement to the U.S.: Asa Gray, James Dana

rates; catalysts ƒƒ Theistic evolution

hh Chemical equilibrium: Le Châtelier’s principle hh Neo-Darwinism defined; evolution and secular humanism

ƒƒ Salts hh Compromise views of origins

hh Chemistry of acids and bases: dissociation, strong v. weak, neu­ ƒƒ Evolutionary views of origins:
tralization, relationship of pH to concentration, buffers ƒƒ Abiogenesis and big bang theory
hh Redox reactions and electrochemistry: hh Stanley Miller’s experiment
hh Basic terms hh "Evidence" of the big bang theory
hh Types and chemistry of electrochemical cells ƒƒ Modern opposition to evolution:
hh Organic chemistry: ƒƒ Rise of Creation science
hh Uniqueness of carbon, hydrocarbon nomenclature hh Notable figures and organizations
hh Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes ƒƒ Notable scientists who believed in Creation:
hh Aromatics, substituted hydrocarbons, soaps, and polymers ƒƒ Isaac Newton
ƒƒ Biochemistry: hh William Gilbert, Samuel Morse
ƒƒ Carbohydrates, lipids: hh Evidences against evolution from chemistry and physics:
hh Disaccharides, glycogen, structure of fats, types of cholesterol ƒƒ Impossibility of chemical evolution
hh Chemistry and structure of proteins, types and structure of nucleic hh DNA complexity, interpretation of DNA
acids ƒƒ Radiometric dating
ƒƒ Metabolism: hh Inverse square laws, second law of thermodynamics, decay of
hh Cellular respiration chemistry of ATP earth’s magnetic field
hh Complexity of the human brain; bat echolocation; electric fish
Science vs. Evolution
ƒƒ Biblical view of origins:
hh Origin of time, space, matter, and energy

SCIENCE: Health (one semester)

Health in Christian Perspective will enable students to gain a deeper knowledge of the anatomy
and physiology of the human body. They will be encouraged to reach out to others and to live a
happy, healthy life as they maintain a consistent walk with the Lord. They will learn how to maintain
their physical health through good nutrition and fitness with an emphasis on cardio-respiratory and
musculoskeletal health.
A study of the nervous system in light of biblical principles encourages students to maintain good
mental and emotional health. Practical aspects of safety and first aid are included in the middle of
the course. Students will also learn how the immune system works to prevent disease, how to avoid
drug abuse, and how to pursue a right relationship with God and others.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Sidebars containing extra health facts, ƒƒ Feature boxes including biblical discernment, ƒƒ Reading quizzes (12)
checklist for personal health, and medical careers, and articles on health- ƒƒ Review quizzes (16)
applications of health information related issues (20) ƒƒ Tests (4)
(185) ƒƒ Atlas of human anatomy ƒƒ 9-weeks exam, final
exam
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Developing a Healthy Body ƒƒ Gastroenterology: digestion; anatomy and physiology of organs in

ƒƒ Growth and development: the digestive system
hh Gingiva, root canal, uvula, chyme
ƒƒ Fetus development from conception to birth
ƒƒ Infancy ƒƒ Macronutrients:
hh Adolescent development
ƒƒ Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, proteins, fats and oils:
hh Essential amino acids; triglycerides
ƒƒ Endocrinology:
ƒƒ Endocrine glands and hormones: ƒƒ Micronutrients: vitamins, minerals, electrolytes, water
hh Somatotropin, antidiuretic hormone, aldosterone, estrogens,
ƒƒ Healthful food choices:
testosterone, melatonin ƒƒ Energy from food:
ƒƒ Regulating metabolism, physical changes, and sleep hh Kilocalorie/calorie, basal metabolism, food guide pyramid

ƒƒ Nutritional needs: ƒƒ Nutritional balance: acceptable weight range, weight control

Health cont. p. 156

155
GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Health cont.
Maintaining Personal Health ƒƒ Sense of hearing:
ƒƒ Cardiorespiratory fitness: ƒƒ Anatomy of the ear
ƒƒ Cardiology: anatomy and physiology of organs in the ƒƒ Hearing damage:
cardiovascular system: hh Decibels, sensorineural (nerve) deafness

hh Septum ƒƒ Brain and the mind

ƒƒ Blood pressure and heart rate: hh Recognizing mental disorders:

hh Radial and carotid pulse, stroke volume hh Kinds of mental disorders: eating, anxiety, depression

ƒƒ Pneumology: anatomy and physiology of organs in ƒƒ Good mental health:

respiratory system: hh Managing stress: kinds of stress, stress and body systems
hh Lung capacity ƒƒ Mental and emotional well-being:
ƒƒ Musculoskeletal health: ƒƒ Benefits of exercise, sufficient sleep, thinking right thoughts,
ƒƒ Osteology: anatomy and physiology of skeletal system: controlling emotions, exercising your brain
hh Divisions of the backbone hh Practicing biblical discernment: biblical discernment and suicide

hh Arm and leg bones, periosteum

Practicing Personal Safety
hh Compact and spongy bones
ƒƒ Household hazards:
hh Gliding, saddle, and ellipsoid joints
ƒƒ Electrocution, falls, firearms
ƒƒ Myology: anatomy and physiology of muscular system:
ƒƒ Fires and burns: fire and burn prevention, fire precautions
hh Fast-twitch and slow-twitch muscle fibers
ƒƒ Poisoning:
hh Flexors and extensors
hh Ingested, inhaled, and absorbed toxins
ƒƒ Review 7 muscles and groups
ƒƒ Reducing risks:
hh Learn 10 muscles and groups
ƒƒ Self protection
ƒƒ Exercise and fitness:
hh Protection of others, protection at work
ƒƒ Aerobic and anaerobic exercise
ƒƒ Recreational safeguards:
hh Strength training
ƒƒ Sport safety:
ƒƒ Assessing physical fitness:
hh Dehydration
hh Cardiorespiratory endurance
ƒƒ Heat exhaustion, heat stroke
ƒƒ Muscular strength and endurance
ƒƒ Water sports:
ƒƒ Measuring flexibility, body fat content
hh Swimming safety
ƒƒ Total workout: warm-up, work out (training heart rate), cool down,
hh Boating basics PWCs (personal watercraft)
overload
ƒƒ Water rescue techniques
hh Energy for exercise:
hh Skating
hh Aerobic and anaerobic processes
ƒƒ Wilderness recreation:
hh Energy efficiency, sports nutrition, maintaining hydration
ƒƒ Poisonous plants and animals: dermatitis, poisonous snakes
ƒƒ Benefits of exercise
hh Wilderness supplies and precautions
ƒƒ Personal hygiene:
hh Hunting
ƒƒ Your protective covering: skin, below the dermis, throughout
the dermis, above the dermis ƒƒ Winter sports:
ƒƒ Good grooming: ƒƒ Frostbite
hh Specific safety tips
ƒƒ Basic skin care, clear complexion, hair that flatters
hh Recreational vehicles: snowmobiles, ATVs (all-terrain vehicles)
ƒƒ Healthy nails, healthy smile
ƒƒ UV protection and skin cancer prevention: ƒƒ Safety on the road:
hh Types of skin cancer
ƒƒ Bicycle basics
hh Mopeds and motorcycles: determining risks, developing skills
hh Consumer awareness
hh Motor vehicle safety:
Keeping a Sound Mind hh Traffic accidents
ƒƒ Nervous system: hh The leading cause of accidental deaths in the United States
ƒƒ Neurology: anatomy and physiology of organs in the nervous hh Safe actions, courteous driving
system: hh Alcohol and traffic safety
hh Neuron anatomy and types
ƒƒ Environmental safety:
ƒƒ Central nervous system, peripheral nervous system ƒƒ Natural disasters:
hh Limbic system, somatic and autonomic nervous system
hh Blizzards, floods
ƒƒ Sensory receptors: ƒƒ Earthquakes, hurricanes, l­ightning, tornadoes
hh Senses of the skin: pain, mechanoreceptors, and thermoreceptors
ƒƒ Environmental hazards:
hh Senses of smell and taste: chemoreceptors
ƒƒ Man’s responsibility, pollution problems, radical environmentalism
ƒƒ Sense of sight: hh Checks and balances, assessing risks, proper balance
ƒƒ Anatomy of the eye, vision (rod and cone cells)
hh Defective vision

Health cont. p. 157

156
 GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Health cont.
Administering First Aid ƒƒ Infectious diseases and defenses:
ƒƒ Emergency preparedness: ƒƒ Classification of diseases:
ƒƒ Knowing priorities: ƒƒ Infectious diseases, noninfectious diseases
ƒƒ Check, call, care hh Acute, chronic

ƒƒ Check airway, breathing, and severe bleeding ƒƒ Communicable and noncommunicable

hh Vital signs ƒƒ Causes of infectious diseases:
ƒƒ Respiratory emergencies: ƒƒ Bacteria, viruses
ƒƒ Head-tilt and chin-lift position hh Protozoa, fungi, parasitic worms

hh Rescue breathing ƒƒ Spread of infectious diseases:

ƒƒ Choking: ƒƒ Airborne pathogens, contaminated surfaces, direct contact
hh Unconscious victim, self, infant ƒƒ Infected animals, contaminated food or water
hh Drowning ƒƒ Immunity against disease:
ƒƒ Circulatory emergencies: hh Gaining immunity (activated lymphocytes and antibodies)

hh CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation) instructions hh Acquired, inborn, and species immunity

ƒƒ Severe bleeding-care instructions ƒƒ Medical defenses: vaccines, drugs, and antibiotics

hh Shock-care instructions ƒƒ Noninfectious diseases and disabilities:
hh Recovery position ƒƒ Leading causes of death (listed in a chart)
ƒƒ First aid procedures: ƒƒ Degenerative diseases:
ƒƒ Care instructions for burns: ƒƒ Osteoporosis
ƒƒ First-, second-, and third-degree burns hh Dementia, Parkinson’s disease

ƒƒ Chemical burns (eye injury care) hh Biblical discernment and euthanesia

ƒƒ Care instructions for: ƒƒ Genetic and congenital diseases

hh Convulsions, fainting ƒƒ Hormonal diseases: diabetes mellitus
ƒƒ Dislocations, electric shock hh Biblical discernment and abortion

ƒƒ Fractures: closed and open ƒƒ Immunological diseases:

ƒƒ Frostbite ƒƒ Allergies
ƒƒ Hyperthermia: heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke hh Asthma, autoimmune diseases:

hh Hyperventilation hh Selected autoimmune diseases: Grave’s, lupus, multiple sclerosis,

psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis
ƒƒ Hypothermia, nosebleeds
hh Nutritional diseases
ƒƒ Poisoning:
hh Psychosomatic diseases
ƒƒ Ingested toxins
hh Diseases caused by harmful substances
hh Inhaled and absorbed toxins
ƒƒ Cancer:
ƒƒ Snakebites: pit vipers (hemolitic), coral snake (neurotoxin)
ƒƒ Causes
ƒƒ Stings and bites:
hh Types, development
hh Animal bites (rabies and tetanus)
ƒƒ Treatment
ƒƒ Insect stings, tick bites (lyme disease)
hh Disabilities: impaired mobility, hearing, speech, sight
ƒƒ Strains and sprains:
ƒƒ Systemic diseases and disorders:
ƒƒ Strain: muscle or tendon stretch or tear
ƒƒ Cardiovascular diseases—leading cause of death:
ƒƒ Sprain: ligament stretch or tear
hh Hypertension, arteriosclerosis
ƒƒ Wounds:
ƒƒ Atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease
hh Closed wound or contusion, internal bleeding, open wound
hh Angina
ƒƒ Incisions, abrasions
ƒƒ Heart attack, arrhythmia
hh Lacerations, punctures
hh Ventricular fibrillation, congestive heart failure, stroke, aneurysm
Preventing Diseases ƒƒ Dermatopathy:
ƒƒ Immunology: ƒƒ Acne
ƒƒ White blood cells: leukocytes (phagocytes and lymphocytes) hh Athlete’s foot, dandruff, warts
ƒƒ Antibodies hh Endocrinopathy: ketoacidosis, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia
ƒƒ Lymphatic system: tissue fluid, lymph vessels, lymph nodes ƒƒ Gastrointestinal diseases and disorders:
ƒƒ Other body defenses: ƒƒ Dental caries, periodontitis
hh Bone marrow, brain, colon, lacrimal glands, liver, lungs hh Gingivitis, appendicitis
ƒƒ Mucous membranes, skin, stomach, tonsils and adenoids hh Colorectal cancer
ƒƒ Dysentery
hh Food-borne illnesses: salmonella, E. coli, and staphylococcus
poisoning; botulism
ƒƒ Peptic ulcer

Health cont. p. 158

157
GRADE 9
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Health cont.
Preventing Diseases cont. ƒƒ Depressants:
hh Hemopathy: anemia hh Barbiturates, benzodiazepines (valium, rohypnol)

hh Hemophilia ƒƒ Marijuana and related drugs:

hh Hepatopathy: hepatitis, viral hepatitis hh Cannabinoids

ƒƒ Immune-deficiency and lymphatic diseases: ƒƒ Inhalants

ƒƒ AIDS, HIV hh Steroids

hh Mononucleosis hh Long-term effects of drug abuse

hh Musculoskeletal diseases: arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid ƒƒ Preventing drug abuse

­arthritis, bursitis, back pain ƒƒ Alcohol and health:
ƒƒ Nervous system diseases and disorders: ƒƒ Alcohol is the most widely abused drug in the world
ƒƒ Concussion ƒƒ Forms of alcohol
hh Amnesia, coma, meningitis, encephalitis, shingles, cerebral palsy, ƒƒ Immediate effects:
epilepsy ƒƒ On the brain, liver, and other organs
ƒƒ Pneumopathy: ƒƒ Depressant
ƒƒ Common cold hh Alcohol poisoning
hh Bronchitis, influenza, pneumonia, tuberculosis ƒƒ Long-term effects:
hh Uropathy: kidney failure, kidney stones ƒƒ Alcoholism
hh Biblical discernment and organ donation hh Delirium tremens
ƒƒ Personal health care: ƒƒ Liver and cardiovascular disease
hh Medical examination: medical history, general health, physical ƒƒ Gastrointestinal disorders
exam ƒƒ Alcohol and society:
ƒƒ Disease prevention hh Crimes
ƒƒ Accidents
Avoiding Drug Abuse
hh Fetal alcohol syndrome
ƒƒ Drug use and medicines:
hh Why people drink
ƒƒ Drugs as medicine: drug, medicine, OTC, prescription, antibiotics
ƒƒ Tobacco and health:
ƒƒ Pain relievers:
ƒƒ Tobacco as a drug: nicotine
ƒƒ Anesthetics
ƒƒ Effects of smoking:
ƒƒ Analgesics:
ƒƒ Heart disease, respiratory problems, emphysema, cancer risks
hh Aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen
ƒƒ Effects on nonsmokers
hh Other common medicines: antihistimines
ƒƒ Smokeless tobacco
ƒƒ Use medicines responsibly
hh Biblical discernment and substance abuse
ƒƒ Drug abuse and the body systems:
ƒƒ Effects of drug use: Pursuing Right Relationships
hh Psychoactive drugs, physical vs. psychological dependence ƒƒ Putting God first:
ƒƒ Addiction, tolerance hh Becoming spiritually fit: continuous workout, resting in Him
ƒƒ Narcotics: ƒƒ Maintaining spiritual fitness:
ƒƒ Opiates: ƒƒ Essential nutrition, power through prayer
hh Morphine, codeine hh Exercise forgiveness
ƒƒ Heroin ƒƒ Thinking of others:
hh Opioids hh Maturing relationships: responsible behavior, effective communi-
ƒƒ Hallucinogens: cation, wholesome associations
hh Psychedelic drugs, LSD, flashback, PCP, MDMA, ketamine hh Family interactions: parent-child relationships, sibling relationships
ƒƒ Stimulants: ƒƒ Close friendships: friendship qualities, influence from peers
ƒƒ Cocaine, crack
hh Amphetamines
ƒƒ Methamphetamine

158
 GRADE 9

BIBLE: Kings of Israel

Kings of Israel charts the course of Israel’s history. First semester covers the lives of Evaluation
Saul, David, and Solomon–the kings of the United Kingdom of Israel–up to the divi- ƒƒ Verses:
sion of the kingdom between Israel and Judah. Second semester covers the kings
ƒƒ Verse quizzes (28)
of Israel and Judah, the Assyrian and Babylonian captivities, and the return of the
ƒƒ 9-weeks verses exams (2)
Jewish people to Jerusalem.
ƒƒ Semester verses exam (1)
Information is given in an easy-to-follow outline format. Numerous applications ƒƒ Final verses exam (1)
are given for nearly every outline to help students understand how these portions ƒƒ Content:
of Scripture relate to the temptations and problems they face every day. ƒƒ Quizzes (10)
ƒƒ Quizzes on the books of the Bible (2)
ƒƒ 9-weeks exams (2)
ƒƒ Semester exam (1)
ƒƒ Final exam (1)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 137 ƒƒ Elijah:

ƒƒ Samuel: God directs Samuel to choose a king for Israel ƒƒ Elijah proclaims drought
ƒƒ Saul: ƒƒ Mount Carmel contest with Ahab and false prophets
ƒƒ Saul is chosen to be king ƒƒ Discouraged by Jezebel’s letter
ƒƒ Saul disobeys God hh Jehoshaphat and Ahab demonstrate need for Christian separa-
tion
ƒƒ David:
ƒƒ Elijah enters Heaven
ƒƒ Chosen to be king
ƒƒ Elisha: his calling and miracles
ƒƒ His faith in God when fighting Goliath
hh Countdown to captivity
ƒƒ Flees from Saul
hh Hezekiah: prayer and test
ƒƒ Davidic kingdom established
hh Isaiah: prophet of God
ƒƒ Sin committed with Bathsheba and repentance
hh Josiah: last good king
ƒƒ Importance of proper friendships: David and Jonathan
hh Last kings of Judah witness destruction of Jerusalem
ƒƒ Absalom’s rebellion and defeat
ƒƒ Daniel:
ƒƒ Sin and consequences in taking census
ƒƒ Nebuchadnezzar’s dream of world empires
ƒƒ Character of David
ƒƒ Nebuchadnezzar exalted and humbled
hh Psalms:
ƒƒ Belshazzar sees handwriting on wall
hh Decision and destiny
ƒƒ Esther boldly stands before the king
hh Praising the Lord
ƒƒ Ezra: children of Israel return to rebuild the Temple
ƒƒ Solomon:
ƒƒ Nehemiah shows leadership skills in building wall and working with
ƒƒ Asks for God’s wisdom
people
ƒƒ Monarchy of Israel with Solomon as king
hh Christian and civil authority Music 91 songs
hh Building and dedication of the Temple ƒƒ Choruses, hymns of the faith, holiday songs
hh Sunset of Israel’s Golden Age
hh Proverbs: selected topics such as truths about your heart,
Memory Work
­communicating with others, work, honesty, correction, money, and ƒƒ Passages (28 containing 97 verses)
relationships ƒƒ Books of the Bible
hh The Divided Kingdom: contrasts in North and South
Prayer Time
ƒƒ Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us

159
 GRADE 10

ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition

Grammar and Composition IV builds upon the grammar foundation established in previous years
ection Noun C
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and introduces new concepts to further enhance the students’ knowledge of basic grammar. In
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addition, this text emphasizes explanative writing by having students write essays, an extended
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definition, a process paper, a literary theme, critical book reviews, and a research paper.
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Parts of Speech
ase

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ƒƒ Optional (graded at teacher discretion):

Ph r

lause D

ƒƒ English teaching transparencies ƒƒ Grammar quizzes (20)

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ion
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Int
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ƒƒ Review games ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2) ƒƒ Paragraphs, summaries, outline
en
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rbs

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ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam ƒƒ Short reviews, limerick, haiku

ƒƒ Compositions: ƒƒ Comparison and contrast
ƒƒ Book reviews: full (2), oral (1) ƒƒ Character sketch
ƒƒ Essay answer, paragraph (1 each)
ƒƒ Theme paper on Julius Caesar
ƒƒ Research paper and author project (1 each)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar ƒƒ Colons:
ƒƒ Capitalization: ƒƒ Before a list of items
ƒƒ Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns: ƒƒ To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation
ƒƒ Particular persons, places, things: ƒƒ Between:
ƒƒ Political and economic organizations and alliances hh Independent clauses when second clause further explains first
one
ƒƒ Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture
ƒƒ Chapter and verse of Bible reference
ƒƒ Words from proper nouns
ƒƒ Hour and minute of time reference
ƒƒ Common noun or adjective when part of proper name
ƒƒ After salutation of a business letter
ƒƒ Titles of persons, titles of works
ƒƒ Italics:
ƒƒ First word of every sentence
ƒƒ For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art,
ƒƒ Pronoun I and interjection O
ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft
ƒƒ First word of every line of poetry
ƒƒ For words, letters, numbers referred to as such
ƒƒ Punctuation:
ƒƒ For foreign words or phrases
ƒƒ End marks:
ƒƒ Hyphens:
ƒƒ Period for declarative sentences, abbreviations, indirect ques-
ƒƒ To divide a word at the end of line
tion, and polite request
ƒƒ In compound numbers
ƒƒ Question mark for interrogative sentences
ƒƒ In fractions used as adjectives
ƒƒ Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences
ƒƒ In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective
ƒƒ Commas:
ƒƒ In compound adjectives before a noun
ƒƒ Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent
clauses ƒƒ Quotation marks:
ƒƒ To indicate: ƒƒ In a direct quotation
ƒƒ Omissions or avoid possible misreading ƒƒ To enclose titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and
other parts of books or magazines
ƒƒ Nonessential elements in a sentence:
ƒƒ To enclose a quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the
ƒƒAppositive and appositive phrase
beginning of each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph
ƒƒParticipial phrase
ƒƒ Apostrophes:
ƒƒAdjective and adverb clauses
ƒƒ To form:
ƒƒDirect address
ƒƒ Possessive case of nouns
ƒƒWell, yes, no, or why
ƒƒ Individual possession within a group
ƒƒParenthetical expressions
ƒƒ Possessive case of indefinite pronouns
ƒƒ To set off introductory phrases or clauses
ƒƒ To show omissions from words
ƒƒ In dates and addresses
ƒƒ With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words used as
ƒƒ After salutations and closings of letters
words
ƒƒ Semicolons:
ƒƒ Dashes:
ƒƒ Between independent clauses:
ƒƒ After a series of words or phrases giving details about a statement
ƒƒ If not using coordinating conjunction that follows
ƒƒ Joined by: ƒƒ To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence
ƒƒTransitional words ƒƒ To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments
ƒƒCoordinating conjunction if clauses already contain commas
ƒƒ Between items in a series if the items contain commas

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 161

160
 GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. ƒƒ Nouns:
ƒƒ Parentheses: ƒƒ Recognizing nouns:
ƒƒ To enclose: ƒƒ Compound, common, proper, and collective
ƒƒ Parenthetical elements ƒƒ Concrete and abstract
ƒƒ Brief confirmatory information hh Substantives

ƒƒ The sentence: ƒƒ Keeping agreement of subject and verb

ƒƒ Definition of sentence
ƒƒ Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative,
interrogative, exclamatory
ƒƒ Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject,
complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming:
ƒƒ Nouns as predicate nominatives, direct objects, indirect
objects, objects of prepositions, direct address
ƒƒ Nouns as appositives
hh Recognizing and diagramming objective complements

ƒƒ Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs: ƒƒ Using:

ƒƒ Finding: ƒƒ Parallelism
ƒƒ Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, sen- ƒƒ Exact and vivid nouns
tence beginning with there or here ƒƒ Pronouns:
ƒƒ Subject of an imperative sentence ƒƒ Antecedents
ƒƒ Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words ƒƒ Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,
ƒƒ Diagramming subjects and verbs compound, relative
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming compound subjects and verbs ƒƒ Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects
ƒƒ Recognizing complements ƒƒ Making pronouns agree with their antecedents in number and in
ƒƒ Correcting fragments and run-on sentences: gender
ƒƒ Sentence structure: ƒƒ Nominative case:
ƒƒ Defining dependent and independent clauses ƒƒ For subjects, predicate nominatives
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming simple, compound, complex, and ƒƒ For appositives of subjects, appositives of predicate nomina-
compound-complex sentences tives, appositives to subjects, and appositives to predicate
nominatives
ƒƒ Recognizing noun clauses used as subjects of independent
clauses ƒƒ Objective case:
ƒƒ Sentence improvement: ƒƒ For direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions
ƒƒ Conciseness, subordination, active voice, parallelism, clear pro- ƒƒ For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
noun reference prepositions
ƒƒ Placement of modifiers ƒƒ For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
prepositions
ƒƒ Consistency of subject, tense, or voice
ƒƒ Possessive case
hh Clear and effective diction
ƒƒ Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever
ƒƒ Parts of speech:
and in incomplete clauses beginning with than or as
ƒƒ Recognizing eight parts of speech
ƒƒ Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive case
ƒƒ Verbs:
before a gerund
ƒƒ Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, and
ƒƒ Adjectives:
­helping verbs
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming adjectives: participles and proper
ƒƒ Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, and
adjectives and infinitives as adjectives
infinitives
ƒƒ Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns
ƒƒ Using:
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming predicate adjectives
ƒƒ Principal parts of verbs
ƒƒ Using and diagramming:
ƒƒ Regular verb endings, irregular verbs
ƒƒ Prepositional and participial phrases as adjectives
ƒƒ Using correct principal parts
ƒƒ Infinitive phrases as adjectives
ƒƒ Verb tenses:
ƒƒ Adjective clauses
ƒƒ Using progressive and emphatic forms
ƒƒ Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers
ƒƒ When to use the tenses
ƒƒ Using adjectives in comparison
hh Using logical verb tense sequence between clauses and
ƒƒ Avoiding double comparison and double negatives
between verbals and independent clause
ƒƒ Using exact and vivid adjectives
hh Avoiding unnecessary shifts in sentences: in subjects, verb tense,
voice of verbs ƒƒ Adverbs:
ƒƒ Active and passive voice ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming adverbs
ƒƒ Mood: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive ƒƒ Infinitives as adverbs
ƒƒ Avoid incorrect verb forms ƒƒ Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives
ƒƒ Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors ƒƒ Using and diagramming:
ƒƒ Use exact and vivid verbs ƒƒ Prepositional phrases as adverbs
ƒƒ Infinitive phrases as adverbs
ƒƒ Adverb clauses

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 162

161
GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. Composition
ƒƒ Correct placement of adverb modifiers ƒƒ Manuscript form: abbreviations, numbers, titles
ƒƒ Distinguishing dependent clauses: ƒƒ The library: Dewey Decimal System, Library of Congress Classifica-
ƒƒ Advanced technique to determine dependent clauses as noun, tion System, using the catalog and reference section
adjective, or adverb ƒƒ Introducing paragraphs (12):
ƒƒ Using: adverbs in comparison, exact and vivid adverbs ƒƒ Topic sentence
ƒƒ Prepositions: ƒƒ Summarizing sentence
ƒƒ Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects of ƒƒ Paragraph development:
prepositions ƒƒ By examples, incidents, and reasons
ƒƒ Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs hh By comparison and contrast and combination of methods
ƒƒ Using prepositions correctly ƒƒ Paragraph unity
ƒƒ Conjunctions: ƒƒ Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance,
ƒƒ Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating conjunc- transitional expressions, space order, pronoun reference, and repeti-
tions tion
ƒƒ Using parallel structure ƒƒ Outline (3):
ƒƒ Interjections: ƒƒ Topical and sentence outlines
ƒƒ Definition ƒƒ Format of outline
ƒƒ Punctuation with interjections ƒƒ Parallelism in an outline
ƒƒ Other parts of speech used as interjections ƒƒ Steps to preparing an outline
ƒƒ Diagramming interjections ƒƒ Critical book reviews:
ƒƒ Word study: ƒƒ Preparing:
ƒƒ Using the dictionary: ƒƒ Written book reviews including outline, introduction, body,
hh Kinds of dictionaries ­conclusion
hh Selecting a dictionary ƒƒ Oral book reviews: written preparation and oral presentation
ƒƒ Using the dictionary ƒƒ Formal short essay:
ƒƒ Parts of the dictionary: ƒƒ Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things (6):
hh Variant spellings, pronunciation, parts of speech, inflected ƒƒ Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement of
forms, cross reference, sample contexts, idiom, etymologies, details, use of exact nouns and verbs
run-on entries, usage notes ƒƒ Formal full-length essay:
hh Capitalization, restrictive labels, scientific names, illustrations, hh Informative essay
synonyms and antonyms ƒƒ Personal essay
hh Usage and diction: ƒƒ Summaries
hh Levels of usage ƒƒ The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit
hh Using correct diction ƒƒ Research paper:
hh Using clear and effective diction ƒƒ Planning the paper: selecting subject, finding sources, writing bib-
hh Glossary of diction liography cards, making a preliminary outline, taking notes, writing
note cards, avoiding plagiarism
ƒƒ Writing the paper: introduction, body
ƒƒ Using parenthetical citations
ƒƒ Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclusion,
unity, coherence, and citations
ƒƒ Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word; capital-
ization and punctuation
ƒƒ Preparing works cited page
ƒƒ Typing the paper
ƒƒ Documentation for research paper
hh Author project
ƒƒ Improving writing style: correct a choppy or monotonous style
hh Extended definition
hh Writing about a process

162
 GRADE 10

ENGLISH: Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry

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Mastering the vocabulary and spelling words in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry IV will greatly help
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Vocabulary
VOCABULARY, SPELLING,P oetry IV

students in their writing, speaking, and reading comprehension. Students memorize ten poems
SPELLING
over the course of the year. This memory work not only will help students lay a foundation for
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Poetry IV
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future literature studies but also will enrich their personal lives. In addition, students will learn how
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to solve analogy questions and how to analyze word meanings based on their prefixes, roots, and
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Added Enrichment Evaluation

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ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary: ƒƒ Synonyms, antonyms ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary quizzes:

ƒƒ Spelling words (480)
ƒƒ Vocabulary words (144)
ƒƒ Spelling lists (24):
ƒƒ Organized by spelling rules,
suffixes, homonyms, compound
words, and commonly
misspelled words
ƒƒ Vocabulary lists (12):
ƒƒ Organized by word origin,
prefixes and suffixes, and vivid
and precise verbs
ƒƒ Each vocabulary word includes:
ƒƒ Pronunciation, etymology
ƒƒ Part of speech, definition
ƒƒ Sample sentence
ƒƒ Related forms of the word ƒƒ Weekly (20)
ƒƒ Practice exercises (100), including: ƒƒ Quarterly review (1 each
ƒƒ Pretest over vocabulary words and 9 weeks; each counts as 2 quiz
their meanings grades)
ƒƒ Cumulative review of vocabulary ƒƒ Poetry quizzes; written (8), oral (2)
words and definitions
ƒƒ Vocabulary chart showing:
ƒƒ Prefixes (48), suffixes (48)
ƒƒ Greek and Latin roots and
meanings (100)
ƒƒ Guidelines for solving analogy questions
ƒƒ Pronunciation key
ƒƒ Poetry: footnotes define and explain
unfamiliar words

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development ƒƒ Learn spelling rules:

hh Master spelling lists including: ƒƒ Use i before e, except after c, or when sounded like long a
hh Vocabulary words and definitions ƒƒ Double a final consonant before adding a suffix beginning with a
vowel
hh Words that follow the spelling rules
ƒƒ Change y to i when adding suffixes
hh Sound-alike suffixes
ƒƒ Drop the silent e before adding a suffix beginning with a vowel
hh Commonly misspelled words
ƒƒ Learn exceptions to spelling rules
hh Homonyms
ƒƒ Learn the principle of assimilation
ƒƒ Use vocabulary words in proper context
ƒƒ Creating a compound word doesn’t change the spelling of the
ƒƒ Memorize vocabulary definitions
two parts
ƒƒ Be able to identify commonly misspelled words
ƒƒ Adding a prefix to a word doesn’t change the word’s spelling
ƒƒ Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed
oral practice and independent written practice Poetry Skills Development
ƒƒ Learn to distinguish between homophones hh Memorize 10 lyrical poems
ƒƒ Learn practical spelling tips and suggestions by studying Keys to ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry
Good Spelling ƒƒ Lay foundation for future literature study
hh Master 48 prefixes, 100 roots, and 48 suffixes
ƒƒ Perform in front of an audience
hh Learn more than 1,000 synonyms, antonyms, and related words for
ƒƒ Recite in unison
vocabulary words
ƒƒ Use appropriate expression and volume
hh Analyze word meanings based on their prefixes, roots, and suffixes
ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
hh Develop ability to solve analogy questions
ƒƒ Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content
ƒƒ Develop a mental visualization of the poem
ƒƒ Discuss meaning and purpose of poems
ƒƒ Use proper observation of punctuation

163
 GRADE 10

ENGLISH: Literature
anges
10

In previous years, students read mostly for enjoyment, but now they will learn about the makeup of litera-
ture by studying a variety of literary terms and devices such as imagery and figurative language. While
nner as to
fully and
B RYANT

the first part of World Literature offers a background to the study of world literature, the second part
nto the
Fourth Edition

of
introduces works chronologically from the time of the ancient East to the Modern Age (twentieth cen-
tury). Students will read classics which reflect the thinking of each time period, such as Divine Comedy,
H. J ONES

erson acts
RO WNING

Moby Dick, Paradise Lost, Aesop’s Fables, and Foxe’s Book of Martyrs.
ory
ARISTOTLE

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
 Art appreciation is also an important part of the literature study in English 10. As the author uses words to
paint visual images in our minds, the artist uses his brush to paint a story. World Literature includes paint-
ings, sculptures, and architecture that reflect the themes of each unit.

Literary Value Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ 113 authors, including well-known writers
such as E. E. Cummings, Charles Dickens,
John Donne, Homer, Martin Luther, and
Isaac Watts
ƒƒ Prose selections (49), poems (81),
plays (2), and essays (10)
ƒƒ Footnotes define and explain unfamiliar ƒƒ Comprehension quizzes (25)
words ƒƒ Homework reading quizzes (22)
ƒƒ Comprehension and discussion questions ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
after selections ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Character-building quotations and verses
ƒƒ Introductory paragraphs for interest and
background information
ƒƒ Review games
ƒƒ Author biographies
ƒƒ Literary terms defined and explained
throughout and in a handy glossary (121)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development Comprehension, Discussion & Analysis

ƒƒ Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension
ƒƒ Further develop oral reading skills
ƒƒ Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in which
they are featured
ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
hh Further develop writing skills
hh Learn various literary forms: short story, essay, novel, narrative
poetry, and descriptive poetry
hh Learn meaning and use of literary terms and devices such as
theme, plot, imagery, figurative language, point of view, dramatic
structure and dénouement.
hh Study the development of plot, theme, setting, and character(s) in
short stories, essays, and classical works of literature
Skills Development
ƒƒ Read entire works: Silas Marner and Julius Caesar
ƒƒ Study drama and learn about Elizabethan and Greek theaters
ƒƒ Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture
ƒƒ Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and
discussion questions
ƒƒ Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and
effect, and draw conclusions
ƒƒ Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading
ƒƒ Develop an understanding of people’s motives and feelings while
recognizing consequences of particular actions
hh Learn to analyze literature while studying selections
hh Comprehend and appreciate the basic elements of a work of litera-
ture
hh Learn to appreciate the rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language of
poetry

164
 GRADE 10

MATHEMATICS: Algebra 2
Algebra 2, building from a foundation of basic algebra, develops confidence in problem-solving
ALGEBRA 2
First Edition
strategies through application of in-depth algebraic skills. Students will gain thorough exposure
to algebraic techniques applied in many branches of mathematics. Concepts such as matrices,
linear programming, and hypothesis testing will pique student interest in mathematical application.
An increased understanding of algebraic concepts will result in thorough preparation for further
study in mathematics.
Algebra 2 builds from mathematical ideas to practical problem solving with applications in busi-
ness, science, sports, medicine, and statistics. Students will learn to analyze results and make
informed decisions for everyday life.
For this grade level, see also Geometry on p. 176.
Also available: Consumer Mathematics and Business Mathematics on Electives pp. 199-203.

Features: Evaluation:
ƒƒ Flexible pacing options in curriculum  ƒƒ Word problem review ƒƒ Quizzes (50)
ƒƒ Review exercises for every section (83) ƒƒ Quarter reviews (2) ƒƒ Tests (8)
ƒƒ Mid-chapter reviews (12) ƒƒ Semester Review ƒƒ Quarter Exams (2)
ƒƒ Chapter reviews (12) ƒƒ Final Review ƒƒ Semester Exam
ƒƒ Final Exam
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Basic Algebra Polynomial Equations and Inequalities

ƒƒ Order of operations hh Rational Zero Theorem
ƒƒ Algebraic properties hh Factor Theorem
ƒƒ Exponent properties hh Remainder Theorem
ƒƒ Negative exponents hh Synthetic Division
ƒƒ Words as Algebraic Expressions hh Solving a polynomial equation
ƒƒ Addition and Subtraction of Polynomials hh Equations of the quadratic form
ƒƒ Multiplication and Division of Polynomials hh Integer exponents
ƒƒ Special Cases of Multiplication hh Rational exponents
ƒƒ Factoring Special forms hh Nonlinear absolute value equations
ƒƒ Sum and Difference of Odd and Even Powers hh Polynomial Inequalities
ƒƒ Factoring by Grouping hh Critical number
hh Rational inequalities
Equations and Inequalities
ƒƒ Equations in one variable Functions and The Cartesian Plane
ƒƒ Absolute value ƒƒ Two-variable linear equation
ƒƒ Literal ƒƒ Distance formula
ƒƒ Quadratic hh Midpoint formula
ƒƒ Zero Factor property ƒƒ Slope formula
ƒƒ Extracting the root ƒƒ Intercepts
ƒƒ Completing the square ƒƒ Graphing with slope and point
ƒƒ Quadratic formula ƒƒ Standard form
ƒƒ Discriminant ƒƒ Slope-intercept form
ƒƒ Rational ƒƒ Point-slope form
ƒƒ Cross-multiplication ƒƒ Parallel and Perpendicular lines
ƒƒ LCD ƒƒ Direct variation
ƒƒ Radical hh Inverse variation
ƒƒ Inequalities ƒƒ Functions
hh Interval Notation ƒƒ Vertical line test
ƒƒ Linear hh Algebraic test
ƒƒ Compound ƒƒ Notation
ƒƒ Absolute Value ƒƒ Evaluation
hh Complex numbers ƒƒ Domain
hh Imaginary unit hh Range
hh Powers of i hh Types of functions
hh Standard form ƒƒ Quadratic
hh Arithmetic ƒƒ Constant
hh Quadratic with complex solutions ƒƒ Absolute value

Algebra 2 cont. p. 166

165
GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Algebra 2 cont.
Functions and The Cartesian Plane cont. hh Expanding logarithmic expressions

ƒƒ Types of functions cont. hh Condensing logarithmic expressions

ƒƒ Radical hh Change of base formula

ƒƒ Rational hh Solving exponential and logarithmic equations

hh Combination of Functions hh Inverse properties, exponentiation, taking logarithm of both sides

hh Composition of Functions hh Application of logarithms

hh Translational Graphing hh Bacteria growth, Interest formula, Newton’s law of cooling, Sound
level
hh Parent function
hh Standard graphing form Trigonometry
ƒƒ Rigid and Nonrigid Transformations ƒƒ Angle properties
ƒƒ Parabola Vertex Formula ƒƒ Classification of angles
System of Equations and Inequalities ƒƒ Sum of angles
ƒƒ Right triangle properties
ƒƒ Intersecting, parallel, and coincident lines
hh Right triangle setup
ƒƒ Substitution method, Elimination method
ƒƒ Similar polygons
hh Parameter
ƒƒ Trigonometric functions
hh Three-variable linear systems
hh Trigonometric reciprocal functions
hh Elementary row-operations
hh Using calculator
ƒƒ Two-variable inequalities
hh Inverse
hh System of two-variable inequalities
hh Reciprocal
hh Intersection
hh Radian
hh Unbounded, bounded
hh Special triangle
hh Boundary line
hh 30°-60°-90° triangle
hh Linear programming
hh 45°-45°-90° triangle
hh Objective function
hh Angles on the Cartesian plane
hh Constraints
hh Reference angle
hh Feasible solution
hh Reference triangle
Matrices hh Coterminal angles
hh Definition hh ASTC
hh Parts and types of matrices hh Trigonometric Equations
hh Arithmetic with matrices hh Unit Circle
hh Matrix multiplication
hh Identity matrix
Sequences, Series, and Counting
ƒƒ Arithmetic Sequences
hh Inverse matrix
hh Series
hh Elementary row operations
hh Summation notation
hh Gaussian elimination
hh Series formulas: constant, consecutive integers, consecutive
hh Augmented matrix
squares
hh Triangular form
hh Mathematical induction
hh Gauss-Jordan elimination
ƒƒ Geometric Sequences
hh Diagonal form
hh Converging, Diverging
hh Determinants
hh Finite Geometric Series
hh Diagonal
hh Infinite Geometric Series
hh Antidiagonal
ƒƒ Counting
hh Cramer’s rule
ƒƒ Permutation
hh Matrix inversion
hh Combination
hh Solving by matrix inversion
hh Binomial Theorem
hh Adjugate matrix

Exponential and Logarithmic Functions Probability

ƒƒ Relative frequency
hh Finding inverse of a function
ƒƒ Mutually and non-mutually exclusive events
hh One-to-one function
ƒƒ Probability of multiple events
hh Horizontal line test
ƒƒ Independent and dependent events
hh Evaluating exponential functions
ƒƒ Frequency distribution
hh Translational graphing of exponential functions
ƒƒ Relative frequency distribution
hh Logarithmic functions
hh Probability density function
hh Common logarithmic function
hh Uniform probability distribution
hh Natural logarithmic function
hh Geometric probability
hh Converting between exponential and logarithmic form
hh Properties of logarithms
Algebra 2 cont. p. 167

166
 GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Algebra 2 cont.
Statistics hh Standard deviation

ƒƒ Descriptive and inferential statistics hh Variance

ƒƒ Measures of center hh Normal distribution

ƒƒ Mean, median, mode hh Standard normal distribution

ƒƒ Measure of dispersion hh Calculating z-score

ƒƒ Range hh Sampling Distribution

hh Mean deviation hh Central Limit Theorem

hh Hypothesis Testing

HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: World History

10

World History and Cultures is written and taught from the Christian perspective. Basic to this perspec-
tive is the conviction that God is the Creator of the universe and the Controller of history. Because the
focal point of history is the birth of Christ, World History and Cultures takes the view that all history is
either pointing toward the birth of Christ or looking back to it. Students study how God used events
before the birth of Christ to prepare the world for His coming. Then, after His birth, they trace the
impact of Christianity on the events of world history.
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11570301
The Christian perspective of World History and Cultures helps students see the sovereign hand of God
in history, as well as the consequences of man’s choices. The Providence of God has guided history for
His glory. Yet each person is free to choose whether to obey God and be used by Him, or to disobey
and suffer the consequences. Thus world history also illustrates the truth of Proverbs 14:34: “Righ-
teousness exalteth a nation: but sin is a reproach to any people.”

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Special feature boxes (56): ƒƒ Reading quizzes (30)
ƒƒ Provide a framework for understanding the concepts ƒƒ Review quizzes (40)
in history ƒƒ Geography map projects (8; each counts as quiz grade)
ƒƒ Explore language and writing through the ages ƒƒ Current events (32; each counts as quiz grade)
ƒƒ Give insight to the people and events of history ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Maps correlating to text (84) ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Foundations for Studying History ƒƒ Rise of Islam: Byzantine Empire, Constantinople, and Mohammed
ƒƒ Creation versus evolution ƒƒ Middle East (c. 1800 B.C.–A.D. 700s)
ƒƒ Capital punishment ƒƒ Missionary efforts:
ƒƒ Beginning of languages, nations, and races: Nimrod and Babel hh Ion-Keith Falconer and Samuel Zwemer
ƒƒ Other Asian cultures (c. 2000 B.C.–A.D. 1800s):
Asia and Africa: The Beginning of Civilization ƒƒ India: Indus River, Hinduism, caste system, and Buddhism
ƒƒ Cradle of Civilization: Fertile Crescent and Mesopotamia ƒƒ Ancient Chinese dynasties
(c. 2300–1800 B.C.): hh Chinese language
ƒƒ Sumer: ƒƒ Japan: Shinto religion
ƒƒ Cuneiform, culture, civilization, education, architecture, trade, ƒƒ Egypt—Gift of the Nile (c. 2300 B.C.–A.D. 1700s):
society, religion
ƒƒ History and language: Herodotus and the Rosetta Stone
hh Mathematics, government
hh Religion: Book of the Dead
hh Settlements: Eridu, Uruk, Ur
hh Thebes
hh Golden Age of Ur, Epic of Gilgamesh
ƒƒ Old, Middle, and New Kingdom
ƒƒ Middle East (c. 1800 B.C.–A.D. 700s):
ƒƒ Other African cultures (c. 2300 B.C.–A.D. 1700s):
ƒƒ Old Babylonian Empire:
hh Land of Phut and Cush
ƒƒ Hammurabi and the law
ƒƒ Ethiopia:
hh Place-value notation, Babylonian Genesis
ƒƒ Kingdom of Aksum and Ethiopian Orthodox Church:
ƒƒ Hittite Empire
hh Piankhi, Ebed-melech
ƒƒ Assyrian Empire: Tiglath-pileser I, Nineveh
ƒƒ Early Christianity in North Africa: Simon of Cyrene, Tertullian,
ƒƒ New Babylonian Empire: Nebuchadnezzar and Daniel ­Clement of Alexandria, Athanasius, and Augustine
ƒƒ Persian Empire: Cyrus the Great, Darius I, and Xerxes I ƒƒ Other empires and kingdoms:
ƒƒ Israel: Patriarchs, Exodus, Moses, Decalogue, theocracy, David, ƒƒ Ghana, Mali, Songhai, and Kongo:
and Divided Kingdom
hh Mansa Musa and King Ewuare
hh Hebrew and Arabic language

World History cont. p. 168

167
GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: World History cont.
Europe: Beginnings of Western Civilization ƒƒ Saxons
ƒƒ Greece (c. 2000–30 B.C.): hh Salians, Hohenstaufens

ƒƒ Minoans and Mycenaeans hh Investiture Controversy

ƒƒ Civilization: Homer, Greek gods, city-states, Olympics hh Decline of the papacy: Babylonian Captivity of the papacy and
the Great Schism
ƒƒ Greco-Persian Wars:
ƒƒ Medieval culture (c. A.D. 500–1500):
hh Ionian Revolt, Battle of Plataea
ƒƒ Feudal society and chivalry
ƒƒ Types of government
ƒƒ Crusades:
hh Draco’s Code
ƒƒ Check and balance results
hh Court of Areopagus
hh Bernard of Clairvaux, Frederick Barbarossa, Philip Augustus
hh Peisistratus and Cleisthenes
hh Pre-Reformation Europe
ƒƒ Sparta and Athens: Peloponnesian War
ƒƒ Universities and scholasticism:
ƒƒ Macedonia:
ƒƒ Thomas Aquinas and William of Ockham
ƒƒ Alexander the Great
hh Trivium and quadrivium, scholasticism
hh Battle of Ipsus
ƒƒ Forerunners of the Reformation:
ƒƒ Classical Greece:
ƒƒ John Wycliffe, Roger Bacon, and John Huss
ƒƒ Writing and philosophy
hh Gerhard Groote and Savonarola
hh Hellenic Age, education and architecture, art and science
ƒƒ Italian Renaissance:
ƒƒ Hellenistic Age:
ƒƒ Humanism
hh Stoics and Epicureans
hh Petrarch, Boccaccio, Giotto
hh Language of the New Testament: Koine Greek
ƒƒ Johann Gutenberg: Gutenberg Bible
ƒƒ Rome (c. 753 B.C.–A.D. 476):
ƒƒ Rise of modern nations (c. 850–1300):
ƒƒ Early people:
ƒƒ Ancient Britain: Stonehenge, Celts, Angles, Saxons, Jutes, and
ƒƒ Latins, Etruscans, Magna Graecia, Carthage, and Gauls
Beowulf
hh Italis
ƒƒ Alfred the Great
hh Society: family, religion, education, and government
ƒƒ Norman Conquest:
ƒƒ Punic Wars:
hh Charter of Liberties and Exchequer
ƒƒ Hannibal and Scipio
ƒƒ Plantagenet kings:
hh Battle of Cannae
hh Eleanor of Aquitaine, House of Lords, and House of Commons
hh Civil Wars: reforms of Gracchi
ƒƒ Hundred Years’ War, Wars of the Roses
ƒƒ Pax Romana
ƒƒ Feudal France:
ƒƒ Emperors:
ƒƒ Hugh Capet and Estates-General
ƒƒ Claudian, Flavian, “Five Good Emperors,” “Barracks Emperors,”
hh House of Valois
Diocletian
ƒƒ Spain:
hh Hadrian’s wall
ƒƒ Moorish culture, the Reconquista, Spanish Inquisition
ƒƒ Christian emperor: Constantine I
hh El Cid, Antonio de Nebrija
ƒƒ Fall of Rome:
ƒƒ Portugal:
hh Romulus Augustulus
ƒƒ Prince Henry
hh Legacy of Rome: language, literature, law
hh Alfonso Henriques
ƒƒ Early church history (A.D. 30–476):
hh Age of Exploration
ƒƒ Apostolic church: the New and Old Testaments
ƒƒ Native civilizations: Arawaks, Mayas, Incas, and Aztecs
hh Persecuted and imperial church
ƒƒ France: Northwest Passage
ƒƒ Byzantine Empire (c. A.D. 324–1453):
hh Age of Justinian: Hagia Sophia, Justinian Code, and Theodora The Reformation Era: The Modern Age Begins
hh Fall of Byzantium ƒƒ Protestant Reformation (c. 1517–1600):
hh Byzantine contributions: Eastern Orthodox, Greek liturgy, ƒƒ Renaissance in Germany, England, and France:
Byzantine text hh Johann Reuchlin, Philipp Melanchthon, John Colet, Thomas

The Middle Ages: From the Ancient to the Moore

ƒƒ Martin Luther:
Modern
ƒƒ Charles V, Edict of Worms, popular education
ƒƒ Dark Ages (c. A.D. 500–1500):
hh Katharina von Bora
ƒƒ Church of Rome:
ƒƒ Switzerland:
ƒƒ Petrine Theory, Pope Leo I, Gregory I
ƒƒ Ulrich Zwingli, John Calvin, Conrad Grebel, Anabaptists
hh Patrick of Ireland
hh Guillaume Farel
ƒƒ Doctrine of Romanism
ƒƒ Post-Reformation Europe (c. 1517–1650):
ƒƒ Other teachings: John Wycliffe, Vulgate, Peter Waldo, Council of
hh Augsburg Confession
Toulouse
ƒƒ Charlemagne’s empire: ƒƒ Counter-Reformation:
hh Division: Lothar, Charles, Louis
ƒƒ The Inquisition, Loyola
hh The Index, Council of Trent
ƒƒ Lorraine

World History cont. p. 169

168
 GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: World History cont.
The Reformation Era: The Modern ƒƒ United States’ rise to power: capitalism and the Spanish-American
War
Age Begins cont.
ƒƒ Blessings of capitalism: John D. Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie,
ƒƒ Reformation in the Netherlands: Council of Blood and William the
J. P. Morgan, philanthropy, and Adam Smith
Silent
ƒƒ Victorian Era: England’s Age of Progress (1837–1901):
ƒƒ English Reformation:
ƒƒ Great English statesmen: William Pitt the Younger and Sir Robert
ƒƒ Tudor rulers, Spanish Armada
Peel
hh Act of Supremacy, Lady Jane Grey
ƒƒ Victorian England: William Gladstone and Benjamin Disraeli
ƒƒ Scottish Reformation: Mary Stuart vs. John Knox
ƒƒ China and Japan missions:
ƒƒ Reformation in France: Huguenots and St. Bartholomew’s Day
hh Treaty of Amity and Commerce, Neesima
Massacre
ƒƒ Christianity and charity
ƒƒ Thirty Years’ War:
hh British imperialism:
ƒƒ Peace of Westphalia
ƒƒ Crimean War and British North America Act
hh Count of Tilly, Albrecht Wallenstein
ƒƒ India: Sepoy Rebellion, William Carey and Amy Carmichael
hh Battle of Lützen, results of Thirty Years’ War
ƒƒ Victorian Era: England’s Age of Progress (1837–1901) cont.:
ƒƒ Post-Reformation science and culture (c. 1517–1800):
ƒƒ Africa:
ƒƒ Founders and progress of modern science
ƒƒ David Livingstone, Robert Moffat, and Samuel Adjai Crowther
ƒƒ Classics: music and art
hh Khama
The Age of Ideas: Revolution, Revival, and ƒƒ South Africa:
Reform ƒƒ Afrikaners and Boer War
ƒƒ France—road to revolution (c. 1640–1815): hh Cecil Rhodes, Paul Kruger, Louis Botha
hh Age of Absolutism: War of the Spanish Succession hh Beginning of Britain’s decline: Charles Darwin, Thomas Henry Huxley,
ƒƒ Enlightenment: Christian Socialists, Fabian Society, utilitarians, and modernism
hh Diderot ƒƒ Unbelief and revolution in 19th-century Europe (c. 1800–1900):
hh Reasons for the revolution: religious, economic, and social turmoil hh German philosophy and liberal Christianity: romanticism, idealism,

ƒƒ French Revolution relativism, dialectic thinking, “Higher Criticism,” modernists, and

Darwinism
ƒƒ Reign of Terror:
ƒƒ Age of Metternich
ƒƒ Atheism, deism
ƒƒ Revolutions of the 1830s: France, Belgium, and Central Europe
hh Directory
ƒƒ Revolutions of 1848: Louis Napoleon, Austria, and German states
ƒƒ Tyranny of Napoleon: Continental System, Battles of Leipzig and
Waterloo ƒƒ Franco-Prussian War:
ƒƒ England and America: quest for freedom (c. 1600–1800): ƒƒ Otto von Bismarck and Wilhelm II
hh Third French Republic
ƒƒ James I: Puritans, Separatists, KJV, Jamestown, and Plymouth
hh Rise of modern socialism
hh National Covenant, Long Parliament, Grand Remonstrance
ƒƒ English Civil War: Twentieth Century: A World at War
ƒƒ Oliver Cromwell ƒƒ World War I (1914–1918):
hh Rump Parliament, Battle of Marston Moor, Battle of Naseby, Treaty
ƒƒ Road to war: spiritual decay
of Dover
ƒƒ Fronts:
ƒƒ Glorious Revolution
ƒƒ Eastern, western, Balkans, and Italian
ƒƒ Pietism in Germany:
hh Pétain, von Ludendorff
ƒƒ Philipp Spener
ƒƒ Bolshevik Revolution
hh Count von Zinzendorf
ƒƒ American involvement:
ƒƒ Great Awakening in America: Jonathan Edwards and George
ƒƒ Lusitania and the Zimmermann Note
Whitefield
hh Weimar Republic
hh Age of Reason: John Locke and David Hume
hh Providence of God in History
ƒƒ Wesleyan Revival: John and Charles Wesley
ƒƒ Aftermath of war: Wilson’s Fourteen Points, Treaty of ­Versailles, and
ƒƒ Rise of modern missions:
League of Nations
ƒƒ William Carey and Adoniram Judson
ƒƒ Rise of Communism (1848–1939):
hh John Howard
ƒƒ Roots of Communism: Karl Marx, dialectical materialism, bourgeoi-
ƒƒ French and Indian War sie, proletariat, Frederich Engels, Communist ­Manifesto, Das Kapital
ƒƒ American War for Independence ƒƒ Early Russian history of the czars
ƒƒ Age of Industry (c. 1760–1900): ƒƒ Bolshevik Revolution: Vladimir Lenin, Leon Trotsky, Red Guards,
ƒƒ Protestant work ethic Cheka
ƒƒ Agricultural advancements: better use of land and tools ƒƒ Lenin’s Russia:
ƒƒ Industrial Revolution: Enclosure Movement and domestic and ƒƒ Third International, new economic policy, USSR
­factory system hh Central Committee
ƒƒ Transportation and communications: ƒƒ Stalin’s Russia: Five-Year Plan, collectivization, genocide
hh Guglielmo Marconi
hh Why Communism Kills
hh Science: Dalton, Faraday, Kelvin, Maxwell, Curie, Jenner

World History cont. p. 170

169
GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: World History cont.
Twentieth Century: A World at War cont. hh Nuclear freeze movement

hh Twentieth-century liberalism (c. 1900–1940): ƒƒ Space Age

hh Defining liberalism and conservatism ƒƒ Rise of conservatism in the West
hh Liberal pseudo-sciences and philosophies ƒƒ Margaret Thatcher, Ronald Reagan, Falkland Islands,
Reagan Doctrine, SDI:
hh Liberalism in education versus traditional education
hh KAL 007, Chernobyl
hh Religious liberalism: modernism, social gospel, and
ecumenism ƒƒ Changes in Eastern Europe: perestroika, glasnost, Berlin Wall falls,
Poland, Hungary
hh Christian witness
ƒƒ Tiananmen Square Massacre
hh Liberalism and conservatism in the arts
ƒƒ Rise of globalism (c. 1990s–present):
ƒƒ Prosperity of the Twenties: Paris Peace Pact
ƒƒ Persian Gulf War
ƒƒ Great Depression: easy credit, risky investment, and government
involvement ƒƒ Rise of Islamic terrorism: 9/11 attacks and Bush Doctrine
ƒƒ World War II (1939–1945): hh Pakistan and Kashmir

ƒƒ Ideologies and dictatorships ƒƒ Changes in Western Europe:

ƒƒ Aggressors on the march: ƒƒ Gordon Brown, Jacques Chirac, Angela Merkel
hh Munich Pact, Siegfried and Maginot Lines hh Maastricht Treaty

ƒƒ European Theater: ƒƒ Eastern Europe: Bosnia, Slobodan Milosevic, Kosovo, Dayton Peace
Accords
ƒƒ Battle of Britain, Winston Churchill, and Erwin Rommel
ƒƒ Russia after the Cold War:
hh Invasion of Scandinavia
ƒƒ Boris Yeltsin, Dmitri Medvedev
ƒƒ Invasion of Russia
hh Chechnya
ƒƒ American involvement:
hh North Korea: Kim Jong Un
ƒƒ Neutrality Act, Lend-Lease Act, Pearl Harbor, and D-Day
ƒƒ New leaders in African nations
hh Panay Incident
ƒƒ Cuba and Raul Castro
ƒƒ European Theater: Operation Torch, Italian Campaign
hh South America: Daniel Ortega
ƒƒ Key battles in the Pacific Theater:
hh Canada: Pierre Trudeau, Kim Campbell
ƒƒ Bataan Death March, Doolittle’s raid, Midway, Coral Sea, Guam,
Saipan, Iwo Jima, Okinawa, and kamikazes hh United States: GATT

hh Battle of the Java Sea, Guadalcanal, the Aleutians, the Gilberts, ƒƒ Asia and the Pacific:
the Marianas ƒƒ Japan
ƒƒ Manhattan Project: hh Taiwan and Lee Teng-hui

hh Fermi, Teller, Oppenheimer hh South Korea and Kim Young Sam

ƒƒ Holocaust ƒƒ Southeast Asia

hh Aftermath: wartime conferences ƒƒ Israel and the PLO:
ƒƒ Cold War Era (c. 1945–1989): ƒƒ Road map for peace
hh Forming, framework, and failure of the UN hh Operation Defensive Shield

ƒƒ Communist subversion: Rosenbergs, Klaus Fuchs, and hh Intelligent Design

Joseph P. McCarthy ƒƒ Bioethics
ƒƒ Response of the West: ƒƒ Environmentalism and globalism
ƒƒ Truman Doctrine, containment, Marshall Plan, and NATO
hh Warsaw Pact
Geography
ƒƒ Geography projects (8) featuring maps, both physical and political:
ƒƒ Fall of Nationalist China: Chiang Kai-shek, George C. ­Marshall, and
Taiwan ƒƒ The World
ƒƒ Communist China: ƒƒ The Middle East
ƒƒ Mao Tse-tung, cultural revolution, Red Guards ƒƒ Asia
hh Five-Year Plan
ƒƒ Africa
ƒƒ Korean War: ƒƒ Europe
ƒƒ MacArthur vs. containment ƒƒ North America
hh Inchon
ƒƒ South America
ƒƒ International changes: ƒƒ Australia and New Zealand
ƒƒ Communist Cuba Prayer Time
hh South America: Isabel Perón and Salvador Allende
ƒƒ Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials
hh Asia:
hh Conflicts in Israel, Lebanon, Iran, and Iraq
ƒƒ Conflict in India
ƒƒ Africa
ƒƒ Vietnam War:
hh Ngo Dinh Diem

170
 GRADE 10

SCIENCE: Biology
Biology: God’s Living Creation deals with one of the most fascinating subjects known to man. Students
Biology
Biology God’s Living Creation

begin with a combination of field, text, and lab work to take a closer look at plants. They will use the
Fourth Edition

God’s Living Creation

microscope and dissections as they study the Creator’s provision for plants and animals. A detailed study
of the anatomy and physiology of the human body will lead students to understand that they are “fear-
fully and wonderfully made.”
®

Students will look deeper into the micro-cosmos as they learn some of man’s latest discoveries about
´3mm!ߨ
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the most complicated structure in all of creation: the living cell. They will see the intricate detail that God
has built into living things and His master plan for transmitting information within an organism and from
one generation of organisms to the next. Students will also understand just how far man still has to go to
gain a complete understanding of God’s living creation.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Feature articles with information about God’s design, ƒƒ Reading quizzes (16)
provision, and the wonders of His creation (65) ƒƒ Review quizzes (36)
ƒƒ Laboratory exercises (25) ƒƒ Science project (counts as 4 quiz grades and 1 test grade)
ƒƒ Application and Critical Thinking questions for every ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
chapter ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Botany hh Water pressure and wilting

ƒƒ Angiosperms: ƒƒ Flowers, fruits, and seeds:

ƒƒ Introduction to biology: definition and major fields of study ƒƒ Flower parts:
ƒƒ Parts of a green plant: flowers, leaves, stems, roots ƒƒ Sepals, petals, stamen, pistil
ƒƒ Nitrogen cycle hh Complete and incomplete flowers

ƒƒ Families of angiosperms: hh Monoecious vs. dioecious

ƒƒ Composite, mint, parsley, rose, pea, lily hh Factors affecting flowering: photoperiodism

hh Mustard, nightshade, cashew ƒƒ Development of fruits and seeds: pollination, fertilization

ƒƒ Monocots and dicots: ƒƒ Formation, types, and function of fruits:
ƒƒ Types of angiosperms: characteristics of monocots and dicots hh Simple, aggregate, and multiple fruits

ƒƒ Grasses: ƒƒ Seed dispersal

ƒƒ Cereal crops ƒƒ Structure of seeds: parts of the embryo, germination
hh Turf grasses, other grasses ƒƒ Stems and roots:
ƒƒ Broadleaf trees: ƒƒ External structure of woody stems:
ƒƒ Observing trees, characteristics of trees ƒƒ Buds, scales, bud-scale scars, growth
hh Guide to familiar American broadleaf trees by groups—bark, hh Bundle scars

leaves, fruits, and crown shapes are pictured and explained ƒƒ Internal structure of woody stems:
ƒƒ Leaves: ƒƒ Bark, pith
hh Systems and organs in plants ƒƒ Wood:
ƒƒ External structure of leaves: ƒƒ Heartwood, sapwood, annual rings
ƒƒ Leaf shapes hh Tracheids

ƒƒ Parts of a leaf: hh Herbaceous stems: dicots and monocots

hh Stipule ƒƒ Vegetative reproduction:

ƒƒ Simple and compound leaves hh Asexual reproduction, cutting, layering, grafting, budding, cultur-

ƒƒ Arrangement of leaves on stems: ing

ƒƒ Nodes, opposite, alternate, whorled, and rosette ƒƒ Special stems: bulbs, corms, rhizomes, stolons, tendrils, tubers,
thorns
ƒƒ Phototropism
hh Plant hormones
hh Three types of plant tissues: structural, vascular, and meristematic
ƒƒ Root systems:
ƒƒ Structure of leaves:
ƒƒ Taproots, fibrous roots
hh Epidermis, mesophyll
ƒƒ Structure:
ƒƒ Veins, parts of plant cells
ƒƒ Root hairs, root cortex
ƒƒ Photosynthesis:
hh Epidermis, central vascular cylinder
hh Thylakoids, light and dark reactions
ƒƒ Primary and secondary growth
ƒƒ Products of photosynthesis
ƒƒ Root’s absorption and transportation of water:
hh Factors that influence photosynthesis
ƒƒ Diffusion, osmosis, capillarity
ƒƒ Fall coloration of leaves and special leaves:
hh Sap stream
ƒƒ Leaf pigments, ­abscission layer
hh Cellulase

Biology cont. p. 172

171
GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Biology cont.
Botany cont. ƒƒ Structure:
ƒƒ Variety in the world of plants: hh Diaphysis, epiphysis, medullary cavity

ƒƒ Classification: hh Tissues

ƒƒ Linnaeus, John Ray ƒƒ Bone growth and development:

ƒƒ Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species, scientific hh Maintenance

name ƒƒ Nutrition
hh Domains, phylogeny ƒƒ Exercise:
ƒƒ Conifers and other gymnosperms: hh Wolff’s law

ƒƒ Characteristics and reproduction of conifers, cycads, and ginkgo hh Construction

trees ƒƒ Fracture and repair
ƒƒ Ferns, club mosses, and horsetails: ƒƒ Joints:
ƒƒ Spores hh Synovial fluid
hh Structures and life cycle of ferns; alternation of generations ƒƒ Ligaments, types of joints, problems with joints
ƒƒ Club mosses, horsetails ƒƒ Muscles:
hh Lycopodium ƒƒ Types
ƒƒ Mosses and liverworts: hh Specific muscles for moving different parts of the body
ƒƒ Structures of moss ƒƒ Structure of skeletal muscles:
hh Uses, types and life cycle of mosses hh Fascia, tendons, fibers, and neuromuscular junction; muscle
ƒƒ Liverwort characteristics ­control
ƒƒ Algae: ƒƒ Muscles and exercise: hypertrophy, atrophy, red and white fibers
ƒƒ Characteristics ƒƒ The nervous system:
ƒƒ Green algae: ƒƒ Divisions of the nervous system:
hh Desmids ƒƒ Central nervous system:
ƒƒ Brown algae: hh Glial cells, gray and white matter, myelin, ganglia, plexus,

hh Gulfweed ­poliomyelitis
ƒƒ Yellow, red, and blue-green algae ƒƒ Peripheral nervous system:
hh Dinoflagellates hh Mixed nerves

ƒƒ Fungi: ƒƒ Autonomic nervous system

ƒƒ Importance hh Nerves: median nerve, Schwann cells, multiple sclerosis

ƒƒ Club fungi: ƒƒ How neurons work:

hh Rust life cycle hh Action potential

ƒƒ Molds: ƒƒ Synapse, neurotransmitter

hh Parasitic molds hh Inhibitors

ƒƒ Sac fungi ƒƒ Parkinson’s disease

hh Slime molds ƒƒ Reflex action:
ƒƒ Lichens hh Reflex arc
ƒƒ Parts of the brain:
Human Anatomy & Physiology ƒƒ Cerebrum:
ƒƒ Fearfully and wonderfully made: ƒƒ Hemispheres
ƒƒ Wonders of the human body: the crown of God’s creation hh Corpus callosum
ƒƒ Introduction to body cavities: ƒƒ Cerebral cortex, lobes, cerebral palsy
hh Cranial, spinal ƒƒ Cerebellum:
ƒƒ Thoracic, abdominal ƒƒ Location
ƒƒ Body systems: introduction to eleven systems hh Structure
hh Homeostasis and feedback mechanisms ƒƒ Function, purpose
ƒƒ Tissues: ƒƒ Brain stem: medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, reticular forma-
ƒƒ Four main types tion
ƒƒ Tissue fluids ƒƒ Limbic system:
hh Membranes: four main types ƒƒ Thalamus, hypothalamus
ƒƒ Cells hh Hippocampus, amygdala
hh Matrix ƒƒ The mind and the brain:
ƒƒ Vestigial organs: brief discussion hh Behaviorism
ƒƒ Bones and muscles: ƒƒ Neurological health:
hh Detailed discussion of axial skeleton ƒƒ Caring for the nervous system:
hh Detailed discussion of appendicular skeleton hh REM sleep
ƒƒ Bones: ƒƒ Importance of avoiding alcohol:
ƒƒ Classification hh Neuritis

Biology cont. p. 173

172
 GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Biology cont.
Human Anatomy & Physiology cont. hh Intrinsic factor

ƒƒ Injuries to the nervous system: hh Cardiac and pyloric sphincters

hh Sciatica ƒƒ The liver and pancreas in digestion:

ƒƒ Stroke, concussion, amnesia, coma ƒƒ Bile, gallbladder
ƒƒ Neurological diseases: hh Bile salts, emulsification, common bile duct

ƒƒ Tetanus, Alzheimer’s disease, epilepsy ƒƒ Pancreatic juice

ƒƒ Dementia: hh Sodium bicarbonate production by the pancreas

hh Acute confusion, senile dementia ƒƒ Small intestine:

ƒƒ Arteriosclerotic dementia ƒƒ Primary organ of digestion and absorption
ƒƒ Senses: ƒƒ Divisions of the small intestine
hh Somatic vs. special senses ƒƒ Villi
ƒƒ Skin sensations hh Microvilli, lacteal

ƒƒ Chemical senses (taste and smell): ƒƒ Insulin, glucagon

hh Taste bud structure hh Urea

hh Primary odors ƒƒ Large intestine: function and structure

ƒƒ Hearing: hh Divisions of the large intestine

hh Malleus, incus, stapes ƒƒ Gastrointestinal disorders:

hh Tinnitus ƒƒ Food poisoning
ƒƒ Vision: hh Dyspepsia

ƒƒ Protection of the eye: socket, eyelid, lacrimal glands ƒƒ Ulcers, e ­ ffects of alcohol
hh Eye movement hh Constipation, diarrhea

ƒƒ Eye structure and function: ƒƒ Dysentery, colon cancer

ƒƒ Sclera ƒƒ Circulation and respiration:
ƒƒ Uvea: ƒƒ Blood: cardiovascular system, arteries, veins, capillaries
hh Choroid, ciliary body ƒƒ Composition of blood:
ƒƒIris, pupil ƒƒ Plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets:
ƒƒ Retina: hh Plasma proteins, circulatory shock

hh Fovea hh Red blood cell production, leukemia

hh Structure and function of rod and cone cells; rhodopsin; color hh Blood types: antigens, ABO blood group, universal donors and

vision, persistence of vision ­recipients, Rh blood group

hh Blind spot ƒƒ Design of the heart:
hh Aqueous humor, vitreous humor ƒƒ Structure:
ƒƒ Lens hh Layers, valves, and skeleton

ƒƒ Defective vision: ƒƒ Blood flow:

ƒƒ Nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, night blindness ƒƒ Through the heart
hh Presbyopia, colorblindness hh To the heart

hh Glaucoma hh Detailed structure and function of cardiac muscle, electrical

system, heart beats
ƒƒ Nutrition and digestion:
hh Types, symptoms, and treatment of heart failure
ƒƒ Nutrients and energy:
ƒƒ Circulation of blood:
ƒƒ Calories, metabolism
ƒƒ Arteries, veins, and capillaries:
hh Obesity
hh Structure of blood vessels
ƒƒ Macronutrients
ƒƒ Atherosclerosis
ƒƒ Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids
hh Branches of systemic circulation
ƒƒ Micronutrients
ƒƒ Pulmonary circulation
ƒƒ Vitamins, minerals and water:
ƒƒ Blood pressure and pulse
ƒƒCoenzymes
ƒƒ Cardiovascular health: leading cause of death
ƒƒEdema
ƒƒ Anatomy and function of respiratory system:
ƒƒ Beginning of the digestive system:
hh Types of respiration: external, internal, and cellular
ƒƒ Alimentary canal, digestion, enzymes, glands
ƒƒ Organs of respiration:
ƒƒ Oral cavity:
hh Nasal meatuses
hh Palate, bolus, papillae
ƒƒ Throat structures
hh Wisdom tooth, impacted, mastication
ƒƒ Trachea, bronchi
ƒƒ Esophagus: peristalsis, epiglottis
ƒƒ Lungs:
ƒƒ Stomach and intestines:
ƒƒBronchitis, pneumonia, bronchial asthma
ƒƒ Stomach structure and function:
ƒƒPleural membrane:
hh Hunger contractions
hh Pleurisy
ƒƒ Gastric juice, hydrochloric acid, chyme
ƒƒ Diaphragm

Biology cont. p. 174

173
GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Biology cont.
Human Anatomy & Physiology cont. ƒƒ Bacteria:
ƒƒ The breathing process: ƒƒ Structure:
hh Role of intercostal muscles hh Plasmids

hh Control by the medulla oblongata hh Types, variations and shapes, reproduction

ƒƒ Lung capacity: hh Disease:

ƒƒVital capacity hh Germ concept of disease, Koch’s postulates

hh Tidal volume hh Pathogenic activity

ƒƒ Respiratory diseases: ƒƒ Viruses:

ƒƒ Common cold, influenza, tuberculosis, emphysema, lung cancer hh Replication, diseases

hh Cystic fibrosis ƒƒ Protozoa, fungi, parasites

ƒƒ Integumentary, excretory, endocrine, and reproductive systems: ƒƒ How infectious diseases are spread:
hh Introduction: body’s design for maintaining homeostasis hh Droplet infection, carrier

ƒƒ Integumentary system: ƒƒ Vector, sexually transmitted diseases

ƒƒ Purpose hh Incubation

ƒƒ Structure: ƒƒ Preventing the spread of disease: epidemic, vaccination

hh Psoriasis, keratin in skin, skin pigments ƒƒ Immune system:
ƒƒ Tanning, sunburn ƒƒ Overview, white blood cells
hh Hair structure hh Histamine, interferon

ƒƒ Sebaceous glands ƒƒ Antibodies

hh Details of sweat glands hh Specific vs. nonspecific defenses

ƒƒ Excretory system: hh Table of white blood cell types

ƒƒ Kidneys: ƒƒ Lymphatic system:

hh Function, regulation, structures, failure, dialysis ƒƒ Lymph, vessels, ducts, nodes
ƒƒ Endocrine system: hh Structure and function of lymph nodes

hh Endocrine vs. exocrine glands ƒƒ Other organs

ƒƒ Hormones: ƒƒ Other defenses: skin barrier, mucous membranes, lysozymes,
fever, microorganisms of digestion
hh Hormone receptors
ƒƒ Acquired immunity, innate immunity
ƒƒ Pituitary gland:
ƒƒ Immune deficiency diseases (HIV, AIDS)
ƒƒ Hypothalmus, somatotropin
ƒƒ Medical defenses against disease:
hh Disorders: pituitary gigantism, pituitary dwarfism, acromegaly
hh Immune therapy, serums
hh Gonadotropins
ƒƒ Chemotherapy, antibiotics
ƒƒ Thyroid and parathyroid glands:
ƒƒ Prevention: nutrition, rest, exercise
ƒƒ Thyroxine
ƒƒ Thyroid disorders: Life Sciences: Methodology & Philosophy
hh Cretinism, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism ƒƒ Natural history and scientific investigation:
ƒƒSimple goiter ƒƒ Natural history through the ages:
ƒƒ Pancreas (endocrine function): islets of Langerhans, insulin, ƒƒ Bible beginnings, Hebrews
­glucagon, diabetes mellitus ƒƒ Greeks:
ƒƒ Adrenal glands: epinephrine, steroid hormones, cortisol, hh Anaximander, Plato, Aristotle
aldosterone
ƒƒ Romans:
ƒƒ Pineal gland: melatonin
hh Pliny, Galen
ƒƒ Reproductive system
ƒƒ Ancient science vs. the Bible
hh Gametes
ƒƒ Middle Ages:
ƒƒ Gonads:
hh Nestorians
ƒƒ Endocrine function: adolescence, puberty, secondary sex
ƒƒ Modern science: Protestant Reformation, advances in biological
characteristics
­sciences, microscopy, cell theory
hh Major organs
ƒƒ Biology and scientific investigation:
ƒƒ Prenatal development
ƒƒ Scripture and scientific investigation, scientific method
hh Gestation, trimesters, primary germ layers, chorion, digestive
ƒƒ Repudiation of spontaneous generation, law of biogenesis
tube, neural plate, labor
ƒƒ Limitations of science
ƒƒ Sexual morality
ƒƒ Scientism
ƒƒ Disease and the body’s immune system:
ƒƒ Evolution—a retreat from science:
ƒƒ Introduction: disease, microbes, pathogen, infectious and nonin-
fectious, acute, chronic ƒƒ Science and faith: great founders of science believed in God and
creation
ƒƒ Noninfectious diseases: degenerative, immunological, hormonal,
congenital and genetic, nutritional, harmful substances, cancer ƒƒ Rejecting the truth:
ƒƒ Infectious diseases: ƒƒ Darwin and Lyell, natural selection
hh Effects of naturalism
ƒƒ Communicable and noncommunicable

Biology cont. p. 175

174
 GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Biology cont.
Life Sciences: Methodology & Philosophy cont. Zoology
ƒƒ Paleontology: ƒƒ Mammals:
ƒƒ Evidence against evolution, speciation, macroevolution, fossils ƒƒ Characteristics of animals, vertebrates, and mammals:
ƒƒ Transitional forms and lack thereof ƒƒ Mobility, diversity, symmetry
ƒƒ Punctuated equilibrium hypothesis ƒƒ Types of mammal reproduction
ƒƒ Geologic column, radiometric dating, Cambrian explosion ƒƒ 18 mammal orders: discussed with representative animals
ƒƒ Coelacanth, Archaeopteryx, horse series hh Extinct mammals
ƒƒ Hominid fossils, Neanderthal, Cro-Magnon ƒƒ Birds:
ƒƒ Biological evidence against evolution: ƒƒ Feathered vertebrates:
ƒƒ Impossible transitional forms: ƒƒ Characteristics for flight
hh Bat wings, avian respiratory system ƒƒ Backyard and roadside birds
ƒƒ Homology ƒƒ Groups of birds:
ƒƒ Molecular biology: design and complexity ƒƒ Perching, birds of prey, swimming and wading, game, tropical,
ƒƒ Genetics: limited variety, mutations flightless
ƒƒ Natural selection and genetic variety: hh Extinct birds

ƒƒ Peppered moth ƒƒ Avian anatomy and physiology:

ƒƒ Pesticide-resistant insects, antibiotic-resistant bacteria ƒƒ Feathers, skeletal and muscular systems
hh Bacterial proliferation hh Nervous system: brain, senses

ƒƒ Embryonic recapitulation ƒƒ Food and digestion:

hh Why evolution cannot be properly called a science hh Intestine, cloaca, bursa of Fabricus

hh Threat of evolution to modern science hh Excretory system

ƒƒ Circulatory system:
Ecology hh Nucleated red blood cells
ƒƒ Introduction of basic terms: ecology, habitat, biotic and abiotic fac- hh Details of respiratory system
tors
ƒƒ Family life of birds:
ƒƒ Levels of ecology: biosphere, biomes, ecosystems, community,
ƒƒ Migration, courtship
­population, organism
hh Mating and fertilization
hh Ecological stability
ƒƒ Egg, nesting, incubation
ƒƒ Influences in the ecosystem: biodiversity, carrying capacity, types of
hh Care of young
abiotic and biotic factors
ƒƒ Nutritional relationships in an ecosystem: ƒƒ Reptiles and amphibians:
ƒƒ Producers and consumers, trophic level, food chain, food web, ƒƒ Reptiles:
niches ƒƒ Cold-blooded, similar traits
hh Energy flow, pyramid diagrams ƒƒ Lizards: habitat, sizes, poisonous lizards, colorful, detached tails
ƒƒ Special nutritional relationships: and other defenses, and eating habits
ƒƒ Symbiosis, predation, competition ƒƒ Snakes:
hh Amensalism
ƒƒ Sizes, methods of locomotion, scaly skin
ƒƒ Neutralism ƒƒ Sense organs:
hh Scale-covered eyes, hearing (quadrate bone)
hh Herbivory
ƒƒ Nutrient cycles: ƒƒSmell: Jacobson’s organ
ƒƒ Hydrologic, atmospheric, sedimentary cycles ƒƒ Design for feeding, groups of snakes, venom, snakebite treat-
ment
hh Carbon-oxygen, phosphorous cycles
ƒƒ Turtles:
ƒƒ Major biomes:
ƒƒ Reptiles with shells
ƒƒ Tundra, northern coniferous forest, temperate deciduous forest
ƒƒ Characteristics:
ƒƒ Grassland, desert, tropical rain forest
hh Tympanic and nictitating membranes
ƒƒ Aquatic biomes:
ƒƒ Groups
ƒƒ Freshwater
ƒƒ Crocodilians
ƒƒ Marine:
ƒƒ Tuatara: parietal eye
hh Estuary
ƒƒ Dinosaurs and similar creatures: extinct reptiles, types and char-
ƒƒ Ecological succession and man’s role:
acteristics
hh Primary succession, secondary succession
ƒƒ Amphibians:
ƒƒ Dominion and stewardship
ƒƒ Vertebrates with a double life:
ƒƒ Characteristics:
hh Three-chambered heart

Biology cont. p. 176

175
GRADE 10
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Biology cont.
Zoology cont. ƒƒ Flatworms and roundworms:
ƒƒ Frogs and toads: ƒƒ Platyhelminths:
hh Coloring hh Anatomy of planarians, flukes, and tapeworms

ƒƒToxic skin secretions ƒƒ Nematodes:

hh External fertilization hh Filaria, hookworm, trichina, ascaris

ƒƒDevelopment and metamorphosis ƒƒ Protozoa:

hh Anatomy: head, oral cavity, body systems
ƒƒ Flagellates:
ƒƒ Salamanders: ƒƒ Euglena:
hh Pellicle, binary fission
ƒƒReproduction and metamorphosis:
hh Spermatophore, paedomorphosis
ƒƒ Trypanosome
ƒƒSizes; notable salamanders ƒƒ Sarcodines:
ƒƒ Caecilians ƒƒ Amoeba
hh Foraminifera, radiolarla
ƒƒ Fish:
ƒƒ Bony fish: ƒƒ Ciliates: paramecia, other ciliates
ƒƒ Abundance and importance ƒƒ Sporozoans
hh Detailed study of anatomy and physiology
Cellular & Molecular Biology
ƒƒ Cartilaginous fish: sharks, rays, and chimaeras; lampreys, hagfish ƒƒ Cytology—design and function of cells:
ƒƒ Arthropods: ƒƒ Variety and complexity of cells:
ƒƒ Common characteristics, classes ƒƒ Discovery of cells
ƒƒ Insects: hh Variety in cells, complexity of cells
ƒƒ Life cycle of insects ƒƒ Design of cells:
hh Grasshopper anatomy and physiology
hh Details of cell structure and organelles
ƒƒ Orders of insects and their economic significance: 8 of the more hh Life and work of cells:
than 25 orders are taught
hh Maintaining life, photosynthesis and cellular respiration
ƒƒ Insects and man
hh Membrane transport, endocytosis and exocytosis, cell move-
hh Genetic control
ment, cilia and flagella
ƒƒ Arachnids: hh Cell cycle and mitosis, chromosomes, cell death
ƒƒ Spiders: ƒƒ Heredity: continuity of life:
ƒƒ External anatomy ƒƒ God’s provision for the continuity of life:
hh Internal anatomy, reproduction
ƒƒ Heredity, genes
ƒƒ Harvestmen, scorpions, mites, and ticks hh Differentiation, sexual reproduction, meiosis
ƒƒ Centipedes and millipedes hh Classical genetics:
ƒƒ Crustaceans: hh Mendel’s experiments, law of dominance, genotype and pheno-
hh Anatomy and life cycle of crayfish type
ƒƒ Other crustaceans hh Punnett squares, hybrids and hybridization, law of segregation
hh Extinct arthropods hh Incomplete dominance, law of independent assortment, linkage
ƒƒ Other invertebrates: hh Sutton’s hypothesis
ƒƒ Mollusks: hh Morgan’s research, sex chromosomes, sex-linked traits
ƒƒ General characteristics hh Human genetics:
ƒƒ Bivalves, gastropods, cephalopods hh Dominant gene inheritance, codominance
ƒƒ Enchinoderms: hh Multiple allele inheritance
ƒƒ Starfish anatomy hh Pleiotropy and polygenic inheritance
hh Rotifers: parthenogenic hh Sex-linked disorders, genetic advances, eugenics
ƒƒ Coelenterates and porifera: ƒƒ DNA—regulation of life:
ƒƒ Coelenterates: hollow-intestined invertebrates, polyp, medusa, ƒƒ DNA:
hydra, jellyfish, sea anemones, corals ƒƒ Deoxyribonucleic acid
ƒƒ Porifera (sponges): hh Watson and Crick, storage as chromatin
hh Anatomy and physiology
hh Structure of RNA and DNA, bases, base pairing
ƒƒ Annelids: ƒƒ Activities of DNA:
ƒƒ Earthworms: hh Central dogma of molecular biology, DNA replication, telomeres
ƒƒ Characteristics and anatomy and physiology hh Transcription, mRNA, translation, rRNA, tRNA
hh Sea worms
hh Noncoding DNA, intron, exon, small RNA
ƒƒ Leeches hh Genetic engineering, cloning
ƒƒ Mutations

176
 GRADE 10

BIBLE: Bible Doctrines

Christians need to know what they believe and why they believe it so they can be Evaluation
built up in their faith and equipped to present their beliefs intelligently and effec- ƒƒ Verses:
tively to others. Bible Doctrines for Today is written as a practical, personal study
ƒƒ Verse quizzes (28)
designed to reach both the head and the heart of the student. It covers all major
ƒƒ 9-weeks verses exams (2)
doctrines: the Bible, God, Christ, the Holy Spirit, man, salvation, the Church, angels,
and end times. Important terms and definitions of these doctrines will be explained, ƒƒ Semester verses exam (1)
illustrated, and applied to the student’s life. Many memory verses are correlated ƒƒ Final verses exam (1)
with the text to confirm the doctrinal truths being presented. ƒƒ Content:
ƒƒ Quiz on the books of the Bible (1)
ƒƒ Quizzes (8)
ƒƒ 9-weeks exams (2)
ƒƒ Semester exam (1)
ƒƒ Final content exam (1)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 137 hh Eschatology—doctrine of last things:

hh Various biblical doctrines such as: Bibliology (18 lessons), Theology hh The rapture of the church

(16), Christology (12), Pneumatology (6), Anthropology (9), Soteri- hh Judgment Seat of Christ for the saved
ology (11), Ecclesiology (8), Angelology (9), and Eschatology (18) hh Tribulation on earth
hh Bibliology—doctrine of the Bible: hh Christ’s second coming to earth and millennial reign
hh Revelation and inspiration of the Scriptures hh Great White Throne Judgment for the lost
hh Authenticity, credibility, and canonicity of the Scriptures hh Personal eschatology
hh Theology—doctrine of God: hh Reality of heaven and hell
hh Arguments for His existence
hh Attributes, sovereignty, nature, and names of God
Music 90 songs
ƒƒ Hymns of the faith, gospel songs, choruses, holiday songs
hh His work of Creation and providence
hh Christology—doctrine of Christ: Memory Work
hh Names and nature of Jesus Christ ƒƒ Passages (32 containing 94 verses)
hh Significance of Christ’s supernatural life ƒƒ Salvation (5)
ƒƒ Humiliation, crucifixion, resurrection, and exaltation of Jesus Christ ƒƒ The authenticity of the Scriptures (6)
hh Pneumatology—doctrine of the Holy Spirit: ƒƒ The Man of sorrows (6)
hh Holy Spirit’s past and present work ƒƒ Being wise (3)
hh Gifts and graces of the Holy Spirit ƒƒ Being of one mind (4)
hh Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit ƒƒ Preeminence of Christ (4)
hh Anthropology—doctrine of man: ƒƒ The Everlasting and All-Knowing God (10)
ƒƒ Origin of man and sin on earth ƒƒ Praises to God (3)
hh Seriousness of sin ƒƒ Serving with gladness (5)
hh Soteriology—doctrine of salvation: ƒƒ Books of the Bible
hh Necessity of and faith for salvation
hh Justification, sanctification, and adoption
Prayer Time
hh Blessings and assurance of salvation
ƒƒ Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us
hh Ecclesiology—doctrine of the church:
hh Organization, ordinance, and mission of the church
hh Angelology—doctrine of angels:
hh Names and titles of specific angels
hh Satan: his present and future position

177
GRADE 11

ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition

The abilities to express ideas creatively and to skillfully comprehend the written word are built upon
the study elements which are included in English 11. The Handbook of Grammar and Composition
and Workbook V build upon the grammar foundation established in previous years and introduce new
concepts to further enhance the students’ knowledge of basic grammar. In addition, Handbook of
Grammar and Composition emphasizes writing through assignments in argumentative essay, narrative
essay, exposition of a process, literary character analysis, critical book reviews, and a research paper.
Several smaller writing assignments are also included throughout the text.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ English teaching transparencies
ƒƒ Grammar quizzes (17)
ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Compositions:
ƒƒ Character trait paragraph
ƒƒ Book reviews: oral, full (1 each)
ƒƒ Paragraph, character sketch
(1 each)
ƒƒ Essays: argumentative, narrative (1 each)
ƒƒ Character analysis, rhyming poem,
­classification, application letter, résumé,
research paper (1 each)
ƒƒ Optional (graded at teacher discretion):
ƒƒ Paragraphs, short book reviews
ƒƒ Character analysis, one-act play, outline, essay
ƒƒ Summary, descriptions, type sketch, poems
ƒƒ Exposition of a process

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar ƒƒ Joined by:

ƒƒ Capitalization: ƒƒTransitional words
ƒƒ Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns: ƒƒCoordinating conjunction if clauses already contain commas
ƒƒ Particular persons, places, things: ƒƒ Between items in a series if the items contain commas
ƒƒ Political and economic organizations and alliances ƒƒ Colons:
ƒƒ Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture ƒƒ Before a list of items
ƒƒ Words from proper nouns ƒƒ To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation
ƒƒ Common noun or adjective when part of proper name ƒƒ Between:
ƒƒ Titles of persons, titles of works ƒƒ Independent clauses when second clause further explains first
ƒƒ First word of every sentence one
ƒƒ Pronoun I and interjection O ƒƒ Chapter and verse of Bible reference
ƒƒ First word of every line of poetry ƒƒ Hour and minute of time reference
ƒƒ Punctuation: ƒƒ After salutation of a business letter
ƒƒ End marks: ƒƒ Italics:
ƒƒ Period for declarative sentences, abbreviations, indirect ques- ƒƒ For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art,
tion, and polite request ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft
ƒƒ Question mark for interrogative sentences ƒƒ For words, letters, numbers referred to as such
ƒƒ Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences ƒƒ For foreign words or phrases
ƒƒ Commas: ƒƒ Hyphens:
ƒƒ Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent ƒƒ To divide a word at the end of line
clauses ƒƒ In compound numbers
ƒƒ To indicate: ƒƒ In fractions used as adjectives
ƒƒ Omissions or avoid possible misreading ƒƒ In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective
ƒƒ Nonessential elements in a sentence: ƒƒ In compound adjectives before a noun
ƒƒAppositive and appositive phrase ƒƒ Quotation Marks:
ƒƒParticipial phrase ƒƒ In a direct quotation
ƒƒAdjective and adverb clauses ƒƒ To enclose:
ƒƒDirect address ƒƒ Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other parts
of books or magazines
ƒƒWell, yes, no, or why
ƒƒ A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the begin-
ƒƒParenthetical expressions
ning of each paragraph and at the end of the last paragraph
ƒƒ To set off introductory phrases or clauses
ƒƒ Apostrophes:
ƒƒ In dates and addresses
ƒƒ To form:
ƒƒ After salutations and closings of letters
ƒƒ Possessive case of nouns
ƒƒ Semicolons:
ƒƒ Individual possession within a group
ƒƒ Between independent clauses:
ƒƒ Possessive case of indefinite pronouns
ƒƒ If not using coordinating conjunction
ƒƒ To show omissions from words

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 179

178
 GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. ƒƒ Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, and
ƒƒ With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words used helping verbs
as words ƒƒ Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, and infini-
ƒƒ Dashes: tives
ƒƒ After a series of words or phrases giving details about a state- ƒƒ Using principal parts of verbs
ment that follows ƒƒ Regular verb endings
ƒƒ To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence ƒƒ Irregular verbs
ƒƒ To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments ƒƒ Using correct principal parts
ƒƒ Parentheses: ƒƒ Verb tenses: progressive and emphatic forms
ƒƒ To enclose: ƒƒ When to use the verb tenses
ƒƒ Parenthetical elements ƒƒ Using logical verb tense sequence between clauses and
ƒƒ Brief confirmatory information between verbals and independent clause
hh Brackets: ƒƒ Avoiding unnecessary shifts in sentences: in subjects, verb tense,
hh To enclose editorial comments within quotations
voice of verbs
hh To replace parentheses within parentheses
ƒƒ Active and passive voice
ƒƒ The sentence: ƒƒ Mood: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive
ƒƒ Definition of sentence ƒƒ Avoid incorrect verb forms
ƒƒ Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative, ƒƒ Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors
interrogative, exclamatory ƒƒ Nouns:
ƒƒ Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject, ƒƒ Recognizing nouns:
complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase ƒƒ Compound, common, proper, and collective
ƒƒ Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs: ƒƒ Concrete and abstract
ƒƒ Finding: ƒƒ Substantives
ƒƒ Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence, sen- ƒƒ Keeping agreement of subject and verb
tence beginning with there or here ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming nouns as predicate nominatives,
ƒƒ Subject of an imperative sentence direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, direct
ƒƒ Subject before its appositive address, appositives, and objective complements
ƒƒ Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words ƒƒ Using parallelism
ƒƒ Diagramming subjects and verbs ƒƒ Pronouns:
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming: ƒƒ Antecedents
ƒƒ Compound subjects and verbs ƒƒ Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,
ƒƒ Complements: direct object, indirect object, objective comple- compound, relative
ment, predicate nominative, predicate adjective hh Recognizing reflexive and intensive pronouns
ƒƒ Fragments and run-on sentences ƒƒ Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming simple, compound, complex, and ƒƒ Making pronouns agree with their antecedents:
compound-complex sentences ƒƒ In number and in gender
ƒƒ Sentence improvement: hh In person
hh Unity and coordination
ƒƒ Nominative case:
ƒƒ Subordination: ƒƒ For subjects, predicate nominatives
ƒƒ Choosing what to subordinate ƒƒ For appositives of subjects, appositives of predicate
hh Avoiding upside-down, illogical, and excessive subordination nominatives
ƒƒ Placement of modifiers: ƒƒ For appositives to subjects, appositives to predicate
ƒƒ Avoid: nominatives
hh Squinting modifiers and split constructions hh For complements of the infinitive to be
ƒƒDangling participial phrases ƒƒ Objective case:
hh Dangling gerund and infinitive phrases ƒƒ For direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions
hh Elliptical clauses ƒƒ For appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
ƒƒ Pronoun reference prepositions
hh Clear and logical construction ƒƒ For appositives to direct objects, indirect objects, objects of
ƒƒ Parallelism prepositions
ƒƒ Point of view: hh For subjects of infinitives and complements of the infinitive to be
ƒƒ Avoid unnecessary shifts in: ƒƒ Possessive case
ƒƒSubject, voice, and tense ƒƒ Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever
hh Mood, person, number, discourse, and tone and in incomplete clauses beginning with than or as
ƒƒ Consistency of subject, tense, or voice ƒƒ Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive case
ƒƒ Clear and effective diction before a gerund
ƒƒ Conciseness ƒƒ Adjectives:
ƒƒ Parts of speech: ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming adjectives: participles and proper
ƒƒ Recognizing eight parts of speech adjectives and infinitives as adjectives
ƒƒ Verbs:

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 180

179
GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. hh Sentences beginning with there, it, and this

ƒƒ Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns ƒƒ Wordy expressions

ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming predicate adjectives ƒƒ Redundancies
ƒƒ Using and diagramming: ƒƒ Glossary of diction
ƒƒ Prepositional and participial phrases as adjectives Composition
ƒƒ Infinitive phrases as adjectives ƒƒ Manuscript form:
ƒƒ Adjective clauses ƒƒ Abbreviations, numbers, titles
ƒƒ Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers hh Abbreviations in footnotes and parenthetical references
ƒƒ Using adjectives in comparison ƒƒ The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit
ƒƒ Avoiding double comparison and double negatives ƒƒ Introducing paragraphs (7):
ƒƒ Adverbs: ƒƒ Topic sentence
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming adverbs ƒƒ Summarizing sentence
ƒƒ Infinitives as adverbs ƒƒ Paragraph development by examples, incidents, reasons, com-
hh Nouns as adverbs parison and contrast, and combination of methods
ƒƒ Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives ƒƒ Paragraph unity
ƒƒ Using and diagramming: ƒƒ Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance,
ƒƒ Prepositional phrases as adverbs transitional expressions, space order, pronoun reference, and
ƒƒ Infinitive phrases as adverbs repetition
ƒƒ Adverb clauses hh Paragraph with proper emphasis

ƒƒ Correct placement of adverb modifiers ƒƒ Essays:

ƒƒ Distinguishing dependent clauses ƒƒ Essay answer
ƒƒ Using adverbs in comparison hh Narrative essay

ƒƒ Prepositions: hh Argumentative essay

ƒƒ Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects of ƒƒ Outline:

prepositions ƒƒ Topical and sentence outlines
ƒƒ Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs ƒƒ Format of outline
ƒƒ Using prepositions correctly ƒƒ Parallelism in an outline
ƒƒ Conjunctions: ƒƒ Steps to preparing an outline
ƒƒ Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating con- hh Paraphrase (5)
junctions ƒƒ Summaries (6)
ƒƒ Using parallel structure ƒƒ Writing about a process (Exposition of a Process)
ƒƒ Interjections: hh Classification paper
ƒƒ Definition ƒƒ Extended definition
ƒƒ Punctuation with interjections ƒƒ Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things:
ƒƒ Other parts of speech used as interjections ƒƒ Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement of
ƒƒ Diagramming interjections details, use of exact nouns and verbs
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming: hh Character sketch
ƒƒ Nominative absolute and expletives hh Type sketch
ƒƒ Nominative absolute phrases hh Character analysis
ƒƒ Word study: ƒƒ The library:
ƒƒ Using the dictionary: ƒƒ The catalog
ƒƒ Kinds of dictionaries ƒƒ The reference section:
ƒƒ Selecting a dictionary ƒƒ Encyclopedias, dictionaries, special dictionaries, atlases
ƒƒ Using the dictionary ƒƒ Handbooks of miscellaneous information, books of quotations
ƒƒ Parts of the dictionary hh Biographical aids, reference works on literature
ƒƒ Usage and diction: hh Other specialized reference works
ƒƒ Levels of usage hh The Readers’ Guide to Periodical Literature
ƒƒ Using correct diction hh Internet sources
ƒƒ Using clear and effective diction ƒƒ The Dewey Decimal System
ƒƒ Appropriateness ƒƒ The Library of Congress Classification System
ƒƒ Exactness and vividness ƒƒ Critical book reviews: written and oral review
ƒƒ Figurative language ƒƒ Writing letters:
hh Gobbledygook ƒƒ Friendly: letter parts, thank-you note, bread-and-butter note
ƒƒ Jargon ƒƒ Business:
ƒƒ Triteness ƒƒ Letter parts, order letter, request letter, complaint letter
ƒƒ Wordiness: ƒƒ Letter to a government official
hh Letter of application, résumé

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 181

180
 GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Composition cont. ƒƒ Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word;
ƒƒ Research paper: capitalization and punctuation
ƒƒ Planning the paper: ƒƒ Typing the paper:
ƒƒ Selecting subject ƒƒ General information
ƒƒ Finding sources: ƒƒ Formatting pages: title page, pledge page, outline page, first
page, and succeeding pages
hh Encyclopedia, periodical databases
ƒƒ Inserting footnotes or endnotes
hh Essay and General Literature Index, published bibliographies
hh Additional guidelines:
ƒƒ Writing bibliography cards
hh Abbreviations in citation entries
ƒƒ Making a preliminary outline
hh Ellipsis marks in quotations
ƒƒ Taking notes: writing note cards, avoiding plagiarism
hh Block quotations
ƒƒ Writing the paper: introduction, body
ƒƒ Documentation for research paper:
ƒƒ Using parenthetical citations
ƒƒ Parenthetical citations
ƒƒ Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclu-
hh Endnotes and footnotes
sion, unity, coherence, and citations
hh Typing instructions

ENGLISH: Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry

Mastering the vocabulary and spelling words in Vocabulary, Spelling, Poetry V will greatly help students
in their writing, speaking, and reading comprehension. Students will memorize nine poems throughout
the year. The benefits of reciting and memorizing poetry are learning an appreciation of poetic excel-
lence, enriching, their personal lives, and laying a foundation for future literature studies. Students will also
further develop their ability to analyze words by studying prefixes, roots, and suffixes.
Added Enrichment Evaluation
ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary: ƒƒ Synonyms, antonyms ƒƒ Spelling and vocabulary quizzes:
ƒƒ Spelling lists (24): ƒƒ Related forms of the word ƒƒ Weekly (20)
ƒƒ Spelling words (360) ƒƒ Practice exercises (100), including: ƒƒ Quarterly review (1 each 9 weeks;
ƒƒ Vocabulary words (144) ƒƒ Pretest over vocabulary words and each counts as 2 quiz grades)
ƒƒ Organized by spelling rules, suffixes, their meanings ƒƒ Poetry quizzes: written (7), oral (2)
homonyms, compound words, and ƒƒ Cumulative review of vocabulary
commonly misspelled words words and definitions
ƒƒ Vocabulary lists: ƒƒ Review games
ƒƒ Organized by word origin, prefixes ƒƒ Vocabulary chart showing:
and suffixes, and vivid and precise ƒƒ Prefixes (48), suffixes (48)
verbs ƒƒ Greek and Latin roots and meanings (100)
ƒƒ Each vocabulary word includes: ƒƒ Guidelines for solving analogy questions
ƒƒ Pronunciation, etymology ƒƒ Pronunciation key
ƒƒ Part of speech, definition ƒƒ Index includes vocabulary words; pre-
ƒƒ Sample sentence fixes, roots, suffixes; synonyms, antonyms

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Spelling & Vocabulary Skills Development Poetry Skills Development

hh Master spelling lists including: hh Memorize 9 lyrical poems
hh Vocabulary words and definitions ƒƒ Develop appreciation of poetry
hh Words that follow the spelling rules ƒƒ Lay foundation for future literature study
hh Sound-alike suffixes ƒƒ Perform in front of an audience
hh Commonly misspelled words ƒƒ recite in unison
hh Homonyms ƒƒ Use appropriate expression and volume
ƒƒ Use vocabulary words in proper context ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
ƒƒ Memorize vocabulary definitions ƒƒ Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content
ƒƒ Be able to identify commonly misspelled words ƒƒ Develop a mental visualization of the poem
ƒƒ Apply spelling and phonics concepts through daily teacher-directed ƒƒ Discuss meaning and purpose of poems
oral practice and independent written practice ƒƒ Use proper observation of punctuation
ƒƒ Learn to distinguish between homophones
ƒƒ Learn practical spelling tips and suggestions from Keys to Good
Spelling
ƒƒ Master 48 prefixes, 100 roots, and 48 suffixes

181
GRADE 11

ENGLISH: Literature
American Literature presents a variety of selections that reflect the faith, doubts, longings, accom-
plishments, and emotions of the American people. Students will further develop their skills in analyz-
ing literature as they study several genres and time periods of American literature. In addition, stu-
dents will learn about significant American authors and their influential works while reading classics
such as Moby Dick, Ben Hur, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, The Innocents Abroad, and The Song of Hiawatha.
Since art appreciation is an important part of the literature study in English 11, American Literature
includes paintings that reflect the themes and time periods of each unit.

Literary Value Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ 105 authors, including works
by well-known writers such as
Washington Irving, Will Rogers,
Mark Twain, Phyllis Wheatley,
and Walt Whitman
ƒƒ Prose selections (45), poems
(175), plays (2), essays (25)
ƒƒ Footnotes to define and explain unfamil- ƒƒ Comprehension quizzes (18)
iar words ƒƒ Homework reading quizzes
ƒƒ Comprehension and discussion questions (35)
after selections ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Character-building quotations and verses ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Introductory paragraphs for interest and
background info
ƒƒ Author biographies
ƒƒ Literary terms defined and explained
throughout
ƒƒ Glossaries of literary terms and vocabu-
lary-building words
ƒƒ Unit reviews

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Reading Skills Development Comprehension, Discussion & Analysis

ƒƒ Develop skills in reading speed and comprehension
ƒƒ Further develop oral reading skills
ƒƒ Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in which
they are featured
ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
ƒƒ Further develop writing skills
ƒƒ Study various literary forms: short story, essay, novel, narrative
poetry, and descriptive poetry
ƒƒ Study meaning and use of literary terms and devices such as
theme, plot, imagery, figurative language, aphorism, character
analysis, conceit, dialect, epitaph, local color, pun, realism, rhetorical
devices, and understatement
ƒƒ Study the development of plot, theme, setting, and character(s) in
short stories, essays, and classical works of literature
hh Study historical backgrounds and writing techniques to better
understand American literary periods
Skills Development
hh Read entire novel: The Scarlet Letter
ƒƒ Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture
ƒƒ Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and
discussion questions
ƒƒ Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause and
effect, and draw conclusions
ƒƒ Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading
ƒƒ Develop an understanding of people’s motives and feelings while
recognizing consequences of particular actions
ƒƒ Learn to analyze literature while studying selections
ƒƒ Comprehend and appreciate the basic elements of a work of
literature
ƒƒ Learn to appreciate the rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language of
poetry
hh Develop a greater understanding and appreciation for American
culture and heritage

182
 GRADE 11

MATHEMATICS: Plane Geometry

Plane Geometry teaches students how to use known facts to verify the truth of additional facts, to
solve geometric problems, and to use deductive reasoning for drawing correct conclusions. Students
learn to think naturally, logically, and systematically whenever they encounter a proof to write, a con-
struction to make, or a problem to solve. They are then equipped throughout life to perform such tasks
as determining which car is the better buy or identifying truth and flaws in politics.
For this grade level, see also Precalculus on p. 191.
Also available: Consumer Mathematics and Business Mathematics on Electives pp. 208-212.

Topical Interest Essays 5 Final Review Exercises Evaluation

ƒƒ Geometry Past and Present; Geometry and the Quick Reference & Summaries ƒƒ Quizzes (50)
Pyramids ƒƒ Conversion tables, plane geometry notation ƒƒ Tests (8)
ƒƒ Euclid, Master of Logic; Geometry and Solomon’s and formulas ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (2)
Temple ƒƒ Basic mathematics axioms, geometry principles, ƒƒ Semester exam
ƒƒ Archimedes, Greatest Mathematician of Antiquity ­postulates, and i­nformal statements ƒƒ Final exam
ƒƒ Geometry and the Parthenon; Blaise Pascal, ƒƒ Theorems and corollaries, properties of
­Inventor, Mathematician, Writer ­proportions, transformations
ƒƒ The Golden Ratio; Leibniz, Universal Genius ƒƒ Constructions, proof methods, factual
ƒƒ Notre Dame de Paris; Isaac Barrow, Teacher, summaries
Friend of Isaac Newton
ƒƒ Kaleidoscope; Sir Christopher Wren, Mathematician
and Architect
ƒƒ The value of π; Symmetry in Nature

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

hh Optical illusions, deduction
Introduction to Geometry ƒƒ Euclid’s Elements
ƒƒ Geometry defined
hh Numeric applications
hh Principles, informal statements, axioms, postulates
ƒƒ Fundamental definitions: equal segments, midpoint, trisection Rectilinear Plane Figures
ƒƒ Angles: ƒƒ Demonstrative proof: defined, demonstrated, given, prove, analysis,
ƒƒ Equal, bisector proof, theorem, corollary
hh Perigon ƒƒ Triangles congruent by:
ƒƒ Straight angle, adjacent, right, perpendicular lines, acute, obtuse, ƒƒ SAS
reflex hh LL
hh Oblique ƒƒ ASA
ƒƒ Complementary, supplementary, vertical hh LA

ƒƒ Measuring angles; degrees, minutes, seconds; protractor; compass ƒƒ SSS

ƒƒ Triangle: hh HA, SAA, HL

ƒƒ Defined, vertices, base, exterior angle ƒƒ Triangle sides-angles relationships:

hh Opposite interior angle, median ƒƒ Isosceles triangle, equilateral, equiangular
ƒƒ Altitude, scalene, isosceles, equilateral, acute, obtuse, right, hh Exterior-exterior angle, opposite sides-angles
­equiangular, sum of angles ƒƒ Auxiliary lines, direct and indirect method of proof
ƒƒ Polygon: ƒƒ Parallel lines
ƒƒ Defined hh Parallel postulate and corollary
ƒƒ Base, adjacent sides, diagonal, convex, concave, sum of angles, ƒƒ Transversal formed
regular, center ƒƒ Angles formed, angle relationships
ƒƒ Circle: hh Proving lines parallel
ƒƒ Defined, center, circumference, diameter, radius ƒƒ Proving angles equal, supplementary, complementary
ƒƒ Chord, arc, semicircle, quadrant ƒƒ Triangle relationships:
ƒƒ Congruence: ƒƒ Sum of angles
ƒƒ Defined ƒƒ Exterior-opposite interior angles
ƒƒ Corresponding parts hh Acute angles of right triangle
ƒƒ Constructions: hh 30°-60°-90°
ƒƒ Perpendicular bisector, angle bisector, angle hh Unequal lines and angles, perpendicular lines, triangles with unequal
ƒƒ Perpendicular at a point lines and angles
hh Perpendicular from a point ƒƒ Distance defined between two points, two lines, a line and a point
ƒƒ Triangle given three sides, one side and adjacent angles, two sides ƒƒ Parallelograms and quadrilaterals:
and included angle ƒƒ Defined, base, altitude, rhombus, rectangle, square

Plane Geometry cont. p. 184

183
GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Plane Geometry cont.
Rectilinear Plane Figures cont. hh Transformations: alternation, inversion, addition, subtraction, like
powers
hh Relationships of sides, angles, diagonals, shapes formed
hh Proportional segments: by parallel lines, by angle bisectors
hh Proving a quadrilateral is a parallelogram
ƒƒ Similar polygons, corresponding sides
hh Segments intersected by parallel lines
ƒƒ Corresponding angles, ratio of similitude
ƒƒ Trapezoid:
hh Proving triangles similar aaa, aa, sas, ll, sss
ƒƒ Defined, legs
hh Proportional line proofs: in triangles, with parallel lines, in right
hh Median
­triangles, in circles
ƒƒ Altitude
hh Pythagorean theorem proved
hh Isosceles
ƒƒ Similar polygons:
ƒƒ Polygons:
ƒƒ Proportional sides, perimeters, diagonals, corresponding lengths
ƒƒ Defined
hh Similarity of corresponding triangles
hh Sum of exterior angles, sum of interior angles
hh Construction of proportional segments and polygons: fourth
hh Each angle measure, formulas
­proportional, a given proportional, mean proportional
hh Concurrent lines of a triangle:
hh Projection
hh Defined, altitudes
ƒƒ Numeric applications
hh Angle bisectors, perpendicular bisectors of sides, medians
hh Proof reasoning methods (critical thinking skills): analytic, synthetic, Surface Measurement
general method ƒƒ Defined, equal figures, constant, variable
hh Inequality axioms hh Limit
hh Numeric applications ƒƒ Area mensuration formulas for rectangle, square, parallelogram,
­triangle, trapezoid
The Circle hh Area proportions for rectangle, square, parallelogram, triangle,
ƒƒ Relationships of equal arcs, central angles, and chords; unequal trapezoid
arcs, central angles, and chords; chord distances from center hh Areas of similar triangles and similar polygons
ƒƒ Diameter-chord relationships, perpendicular relationships ƒƒ Pythagorean theorem:
ƒƒ Inscribed and circumscribed polygons hh By areas of squares, by area of similar polygons
ƒƒ Tangent lines and relationships, common tangents hh Construction of equal non-similar shapes
ƒƒ Tangent and intersecting circles, common chord, concentric circles hh Transforming plane figures
ƒƒ Measuring angles and arcs, inscribed angles, semicircles hh Numeric applications
ƒƒ Angles formed by combinations of chords, tangents, secants
ƒƒ Constructions and proofs: Regular Polygons & Circles
ƒƒ Reviewed ƒƒ Defined
hh Bisect arc hh Inscribed and circumscribed, chords, tangents, midpoints

ƒƒ Parallel lines hh Inscribed and circumscribed circles

hh Divide a line into n equal parts hh Angle at center of n-gon

hh Circumscribe a circle, inscribe a circle, tangent to a circle hh Ratios regarding similar polygons: perimeters, corresponding sides,

hh Circle from various givens, triangle from various givens areas, radii, apothems
hh Locus: ƒƒ Area formula
hh Definitions and drawings hh Circle proportions

hh Fundamental locus theorems: hh Formulas to measure:

hh Equidistant and given distances from various points ƒƒ Circumferences, radii, diameters
hh Intersecting and parallel lines ƒƒ Pi
hh Centers of circles tangent to a line, etc. hh Arc length using angles in degrees

ƒƒ Intersecting loci hh Sectors, segments, similar sectors and segments

ƒƒ General directions for constructions hh Constructions: inscribing a square, regular polygons

hh Numeric applications including 30°-60°-90°, 45°-45°-90°
Proportions & Similar Polygons
ƒƒ Definitions: ratio, antecedent, consequent, proportion, extremes, Trigonometry
means ƒƒ Defined
hh Fourth proportional hh Graphic solutions

ƒƒ Mean proportional ƒƒ Right triangle solutions

hh Third proportional, continued proportion ƒƒ Sine, cosine, tangent, ratios, functions of angles in degrees
ƒƒ Fundamental properties: product of means and extremes, writing ƒƒ Interpolation, angles of elevation and depression
proportions ƒƒ Numeric applications
hh Like-powers axioms
ƒƒ Finding a mean proportional

184
 GRADE 11

HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: U.S. History

United States History: Heritage of Freedom provides a positive, narrative approach
United States HISTORY He tage of Freedom

United States
HISTORY to American history that is reinforced by factual accounts of events, people, and
He tage of Freedom
in Christian Perspective
Fourth Edition
ideas essential in shaping the success of America today. Special emphasis is placed
on America’s Christian heritage and patriotic pursuit of freedom, helping students
identify the values that are the foundation of the United States of America.

´?wL!B¨
31874401

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Special feature boxes ƒƒ Reading quizzes
ƒƒ Emphasize the foundation of U.S. history ƒƒ Review quizzes (including memorization
ƒƒ Highlight great influential Americans quizzes over Preamble to Constitution,
ƒƒ Give facts about American symbols, details of historical events, and Gettysburg Address, states and capitals,
government concepts for a better understanding of U.S. history and U.S. presidents)
ƒƒ Thought-provoking questions about the information read in the text ƒƒ Editorials (each counts as a quiz grade)
ƒƒ Important U.S. documents: The Declaration of Independence, Pre- ƒƒ Two projects: essay on The Federalist
amble to the Constitution, Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address, and The papers and critical book review
Federalist No. 10 and No. 51 ƒƒ Tests, quarter exams
ƒƒ Lists: U.S. presidents, states and capitals ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Maps correlating to text

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Land of New Beginnings ƒƒ Effects of the French and Indian War

ƒƒ Discovery and Exploration ƒƒ Colonists form a united front
ƒƒ The providence of God ƒƒ Lexington, Concord, and Bunker Hill
ƒƒ Tribes and civilizations of North America ƒƒ The War for Independence
ƒƒ The Renaissance, Protestant Reformation ƒƒ American attempts at reconciliation and the British refusal
ƒƒ Portuguese, Spanish, and French Exploration ƒƒ Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
ƒƒ New France sparsely populated ƒƒ Declaration of Independence
ƒƒ The Thirteen Original Colonies hh Influence of John Locke and William Blackstone

ƒƒ English spiritual and political heritage, English exploration hh Patriot disadvantages

hh Sir Martin Frobisher and the “Northwest Passage” hh People: St. Leger, Herkimer, Wayne, Rochambeau

hh Religious, political, economic reasons for colonization hh Battle of Oriskany

ƒƒ Settling Jamestown, Plymouth, and the Thirteen Colonies ƒƒ Treaty of Paris

ƒƒ Life in Colonial America ƒƒ The Critical Period and the Constitution
ƒƒ Diversity: ƒƒ Articles of Confederation
ƒƒ Immigration, churches, governments hh Understanding the weaknesses

hh Social classes ƒƒ Mount Vernon, Annapolis, and the Constitutional Conventions

ƒƒ The livelihood of the colonies ƒƒ Jonathan Dayton
ƒƒ Advances of learning ƒƒ William Paterson and the New Jersey Plan
ƒƒ Harvard College, Ole’ Deluder Satan Act, The New England ƒƒ Federalists and Anti-Federalists
Primer hh How the Constitution works

ƒƒ Newspapers ƒƒ Federal system and implied powers

hh Important political precedents ƒƒ Religious freedom on the state and federal levels
ƒƒ Alexis de Tocqueville
Birth of a Nation hh Isaac Backus and John Leland
ƒƒ Preparation for Independence ƒƒ The Federalist Era
ƒƒ The Great Awakening ƒƒ President George Washington: Judiciary Act of 1789
ƒƒ French and Indian War ƒƒ Hamilton’s financial program
ƒƒ Anglo-French conflicts ƒƒ Loose and strict construction
hh English and French advantages
ƒƒ Mint Act of 1792
hh Battle of Quebec
ƒƒ Federalists and Democratic Republicans
ƒƒ Fundamental differences between the colonists and the British ƒƒ French Revolution
ƒƒ Conflict with Great Britain ƒƒ President John Adams: Department of the Navy
ƒƒ British regulations on the colonists and colonial reaction ƒƒ President Thomas Jefferson: Twelfth Amendment and the Judiciary
hh Navigation Acts and regulations on Industry Act of 1801

U.S. History cont. p. 186

185
GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: U.S. History cont.
A Growing Nation Expansion and Conflict
ƒƒ The Age of Jefferson ƒƒ Slavery and Secession
hh Marbury v. Madison, Aaron Burr ƒƒ Abolition movement
hh Louisiana Purchase and its exploration ƒƒ Wilmot Proviso and the Compromise of 1850
hh Tripolitan War ƒƒ President Zachary Taylor
ƒƒ President James Madison ƒƒ Seventh of March Speech
ƒƒ War of 1812 ƒƒ President Millard Filmore
hh Responsibilities of freedom ƒƒ President Franklin Pierce
hh Non-Intercourse Act ƒƒ Kansas-Nebraska Act
hh Fighting in Canada ƒƒ Republican Party
ƒƒ Benefits of the War of 1812 ƒƒ President James Buchanan
hh Dolley Madison ƒƒ Dred Scott v. Sanford
ƒƒ The Nationalist Era ƒƒ Lincoln-Douglas debates
ƒƒ President James Monroe and the Monroe Doctrine hh Freeport Doctrine
hh Panic of 1819 ƒƒ President Abraham Lincoln
hh John Marshall’s Supreme Court ƒƒ South Carolina secedes
ƒƒ Westward expansion and the Missouri Compromise ƒƒ The Civil War
hh Bonus Bill and American System hh Northern and Southern reasons for fighting
hh Rush-Bagot Agreement ƒƒ Key battles
ƒƒ President John Quincy Adams and the “favorite sons” election ƒƒ Ft. Sumter, Vicksburg, Antietam Creek, Fredericksburg, Chancel-
ƒƒ Rising sectionalism and party politics lorsville, Gettysburg, and Wilderness Campaign
ƒƒ The Age of Jackson hh War in the West

ƒƒ President Andrew Jackson ƒƒ Emancipation Proclamation

ƒƒ Webster-Hayne debate, tariffs, nullification, and the Force Bill ƒƒ Gettysburg Address
ƒƒ Native American relocation ƒƒ Confederate surrender at Appomattox Court House
ƒƒ National Bank hh Financing the war: Trent Affair and USS Alabama Dispute

ƒƒ President Martin Van Buren: Panic of 1837, suffrage, and the Whig hh Christianity and the Civil War
Party hh John William Jones, Oliver O. Howard, Samuel Chapman Arm-
ƒƒ President William Henry Harrison strong, and William Nelson Pendleton
ƒƒ President John Tyler ƒƒ Reconstruction
hh Aroostook War ƒƒ Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan
hh Wade-Davis Bill
The American Character ƒƒ President Andrew Johnson
ƒƒ Revival and Missions ƒƒ Civil War amendments and Reconstruction acts
ƒƒ Second Great Awakening ƒƒ Johnson impeached
ƒƒ Richard Allen hh Tenure of Office Act
ƒƒ Foreign and domestic missions outreach ƒƒ President Ulysses S. Grant
ƒƒ Reform movements: abolition, temperance, and suffrage ƒƒ President Rutherford B. Hayes: Election of 1876 and Compromise
ƒƒ Challenges to Christianity: Unitarianism and transcendentalism of 1877
ƒƒ Education, Technology, and Culture ƒƒ Tuskegee Institute: Booker T. Washington and George Washington
ƒƒ American textbooks: “Blue-Backed Speller” and the Eclectic Read- Carver
ers
ƒƒ Public education: Horace Mann’s normal schools and traditional Age of Progress
education ƒƒ Age of Industry
ƒƒ Agricultural and industrial advancements ƒƒ Agricultural progress
hh Samuel Slater, James Watt, and Oliver Evans hh Luther Burbank and new legislation

ƒƒ Improved transportation and communication ƒƒ Great Age of Enterprise

hh John Loudon McAdam ƒƒ Thomas Edison and Nikola Tesla
hh New social classes hh Factors of America’s prosperity

hh Development of American Culture hh Big business organizations

hh Romantic era and Fireside Poets ƒƒ Politics in the Age of Industry

hh Stephen Foster ƒƒ Labor unions
ƒƒ Expansion to the Pacific ƒƒ Trouble on the farm: Greenback Labor Party, the Free Silver
hh Manifest Destiny Movement, and the Populist Party
ƒƒ Texas War for Independence ƒƒ Expanding influence of Christianity
ƒƒ Oregon Territory: Jason Lee, Whitmans, and Spaldings ƒƒ The Gilded Age
ƒƒ President James K. Polk ƒƒ Life in the Gilded Age
ƒƒ Mexican War ƒƒ Immigration
hh Chinese Exclusion Act
ƒƒ Annexation of Texas and the California Gold Rush
hh John Slidell
U.S. History cont. p. 187

186
 GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: U.S. History cont.
Age of Progress cont. hh Fordney-McCumber Tariff

hh William Speer ƒƒ Dawes Plan and Young Plan

ƒƒ New Immigration hh McNary-Haugen Bill

ƒƒ New opportunities for women hh Liberalism: social gospel and new thought patterns

ƒƒ Emergence of the modern city and the improvement of daily life hh Darwinism and the Scopes Monkey Trial

ƒƒ Growing Christian influence hh Results of the Scopes Monkey Trial

ƒƒ Education and social reform ƒƒ Fundamentalists, Christian scholars, and evangelism

hh Morrill Act and the Chautauqua Movement ƒƒ Depression and the New Deal
hh Temperance Movement: Frances Willard ƒƒ President Herbert Hoover
ƒƒ Literature, art, and music in the late 19th century ƒƒ Causes of the Great Depression
ƒƒ Men in the White House ƒƒ Success of private relief versus government intervention
hh Black Friday hh Foreign affairs: Smoot-Hawley Tariff

hh Presidential Succession Act and Electoral Count Act hh American culture in the Depression

ƒƒ America’s Expanding Influence ƒƒ President Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal
ƒƒ Transcontinental railroad hh Relief, recovery, and reform

hh James J. Hill and Jay Gould ƒƒ Repeal of prohibition

ƒƒ Settling the West ƒƒ The inefficiency of and dangerous precedents set by the New
Deal
ƒƒ Mining, cattle herding, and farming
ƒƒ Oklahoma Land Rush The Global Age
ƒƒ Plains Indians ƒƒ World War II
ƒƒ Indian Wars ƒƒ The Road to War
hh Wovoka ƒƒ Disarmament failures and religious unbelief
hh Helen Hunt Jackson and the Indian Reorganization Act ƒƒ Geneva Disarmament Conference
ƒƒ New outlying possessions ƒƒ Rising dictatorships
ƒƒ Alaska, Hawaii, and the Samoan Islands ƒƒ Unchecked aggression and failure of the Munich Pact
ƒƒ Relations with foreign countries ƒƒ American involvement
hh England and the Treaty of Washington hh America First Committee
hh Latin America and the organization of American States ƒƒ Lend-Lease Act and Pearl Harbor
ƒƒ Spanish-American War hh Executive Order 9066
ƒƒ Advancing freedom and civilization in the Philippines, Cuba, ƒƒ European and Pacific Theaters: D-Day, Doolittle’s Raid, V-E Day,
Puerto Rico, and Guam and V-J Day
hh Foraker Act ƒƒ Manhattan Project
A New Century ƒƒ Holocaust
ƒƒ Formation of the United Nations
ƒƒ The Progressive Era
ƒƒ Domestic Policies in the Cold War
ƒƒ Advances in technology, transportation, and communication
ƒƒ President Harry Truman
ƒƒ President Theodore Roosevelt
ƒƒ Fair Deal
ƒƒ Business and labor: Antitrust laws and Panic of 1907
ƒƒ GI Bill of Rights and Internal Security Act
hh Natural resources: Gifford Pinchot
ƒƒ Communist subversion and McCarthy trials
hh Foreign affairs: Hay—Bunau-Varilla Treaty
ƒƒ President Dwight Eisenhower
ƒƒ President William Taft
hh Atomic Energy Act
hh Payne-Aldrich Bill
ƒƒ Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
ƒƒ Progressive Party
ƒƒ Presidents Kennedy and Johnson
ƒƒ President Woodrow Wilson
ƒƒ New Frontier and the Great Society
ƒƒ Federal Reserve Act
ƒƒ Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Fair
ƒƒ Pancho Villa
Housing Act of 1968
ƒƒ State and local government changes
ƒƒ Post-World War II Amendments
ƒƒ Joseph G. Cannon, recall, presidential primary
ƒƒ Presidents Nixon, Ford, and Carter
ƒƒ World War I
ƒƒ Watergate Scandal
ƒƒ Steps toward war and beginning of war
ƒƒ Three Mile Island
ƒƒ United States’ involvement
ƒƒ Foreign Policies in the Cold War
ƒƒ Sussex pledge, National Defense Act, Selective Service Act
ƒƒ Post-World War II
ƒƒ Wilson’s Fourteen Points, League of Nations, and Treaty of Ver-
ƒƒ Cold War: “Iron Curtain”, Truman Doctrine, Marshall Plan, NATO
sailles
ƒƒ Europe
hh Henry Cabot Lodge
ƒƒ Berlin Airlift, Geneva Summit, Berlin Wall
ƒƒ Roaring Twenties
ƒƒ SALT I and II
ƒƒ Postwar unrest
hh Henry Kissinger
ƒƒ Communist threats: Sacco-Vanzetti Case
hh Washington Conference

U.S. History cont. p. 188

187
GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: U.S. History cont.
The Global Age cont. ƒƒ Collapse of the Soviet Union, fall of the Berlin Wall
ƒƒ Asia ƒƒ Persian Gulf War
hh Japanese Peace Treaty Conference ƒƒ Clinton’s presidency
ƒƒ Korean War: failure of containment ƒƒ NAFTA and the PLO
ƒƒ Vietnam War hh Newt Gingrich and the “Contract with America”

ƒƒ Tet Offensive, My Lai Massacre hh Budget debate

ƒƒ The fall of Saigon ƒƒ Technology and Culture in the 1990s

ƒƒ Latin America and Africa ƒƒ Information Age
ƒƒ Communist Cuba: Bay of Pigs and Cuban Missile Crisis ƒƒ Culture and corruption
ƒƒ Middle East ƒƒ America in the New Millennium
ƒƒ Eisenhower Doctrine ƒƒ The Bush administration
ƒƒ Yom Kippur War and OPEC ƒƒ 9/11 attack
hh Lebanon Crisis hh USA PATRIOT Act

ƒƒ Camp David Peace Accords ƒƒ Bush Doctrine

ƒƒ Iran hostage crisis ƒƒ Operation Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom
ƒƒ Daily Life in the Cold War hh Neoconservatism

ƒƒ Technological advancements ƒƒ The Obama administration

ƒƒ Space Race: Sputnik and NASA ƒƒ Stimulus and the Affordable Care Act
ƒƒ Moon landing hh Death of Osama bin Laden and the rise of ISIS

ƒƒ Telecommunication, television, computers, and satellites hh Benghazi Scandal

ƒƒ Age of the Automobile hh The Trump administration

ƒƒ Social movements hh Confirmation of Neil Gorsuch and Brett Kavanaugh

ƒƒ Civil rights: Martin Luther King Jr., Rosa Parks, and the SCLC hh United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement

ƒƒ Vietnam War protests, Communist sympathizers hh Singapore Summit and the Jerusalem Embassy Act

ƒƒ Roe v. Wade hh American moral decline

ƒƒ Cultural Revolution hh Postmodernism

ƒƒ Daily life hh Obergefell v. Hodges

hh Evolution of family life hh Euthanasia

hh Entertainment hh Las Vegas Shooting

hh Christianity in the Cold War hh Science and culture in the New Millennium

ƒƒ The Eve of the New Millennium Prayer Time

ƒƒ The Reagan Era ƒƒ Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials
ƒƒ Moral Majority, “Reaganomics”, and the Reagan Doctrine
ƒƒ The Bush administration
ƒƒ Foreign policy: Tiananmen Square, Manuel Noriega, and Nelson
Mandela and apartheid

188
 GRADE 11

SCIENCE: Chemistry
Chemistry: Precision and Design explores the many branches of chemistry to discover the ingenious
structure and orderly function of God’s creation. The Christian perspective of this text rejects evolution
and recognizes special creation as the reasonable explanation for the origin and design of the universe.
Although chemistry has been less permeated by evolutionary doctrine than biology or geology, one’s view
of origins does affect how he approaches the science of chemistry and how he applies chemical principles
to societal issues.
Chemistry: Precision and Design recognizes God’s command for man to have dominion over the creation,
and its goal is to teach how man might extend his “dominion” and make wiser use of the physical
creation. This text presents chemistry as a foundational science and includes chapters on nuclear and
organic chemistry. It seeks not only to give students a solid basis in chemical principles but also to help
students understand the practical application of these principles.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Feature boxes include: ƒƒ Reading quizzes (19)
ƒƒ Additional information on topics of interest ƒƒ Review quizzes (27)
ƒƒ Chemistry in everyday objects ƒƒ Science project (counts as 4 quiz grades and 1 test grade)
ƒƒ Highlights of God’s design in the chemistry of His creation ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Innovations in chemistry ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Chemical explanations of environmental issues
ƒƒ Laboratory exercises (27)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Chemistry: An Introduction Stoichiometry

ƒƒ Branches of ­chemistry, importance of chemistry ƒƒ Formulas and names: types of chemical formulas, naming binary
ƒƒ Purpose of science, scientific method molecular compounds
ƒƒ Measurement and mathematics in chemistry: ƒƒ Naming ionic compounds: memorizing names of ions, determining
ƒƒ Precision and accuracy, uncertainty empirical formulas
ƒƒ F.P.S. and SI units ƒƒ The mole:
ƒƒ Prefixes, measuring length, volume, mass, density, temperature, ƒƒ Molecular masses, mole
and other quantities hh Avogadro’s number, molar mass

ƒƒ Unit conversion hh Empirical formulas from percent composition

ƒƒ Scientific notation: ƒƒ Balancing chemical equations:

hh Calculations ƒƒ Equations, reactants, products, law of conservation of mass
ƒƒ Significant figures in measurement and calculation hh Steps for balancing equations

hh Problem-solving strategies ƒƒ Classification of chemical reactions:

ƒƒ Combination (synthesis), decomposition, single displacement
Matter (substitution), and double displacement reactions
ƒƒ States of matter, melting and boiling points hh Quantitative relationships from the balanced equation:
ƒƒ Classification: hh Mole relationships
ƒƒ Atoms, molecules hh Limiting reactant, mass relationships in chemical reactions
ƒƒ Elements, compounds, pure substances, mixtures:
hh Relative abundance of elements Gases
ƒƒ Homogeneous and heterogeneous matter ƒƒ Kinetic-molecular theory:
hh Five assumptions of kinetic-molecular theory
ƒƒ John Dalton and atomic theory:
hh Ideal gas
hh Laws derived from atomic theory
ƒƒ Properties and changes of matter: ƒƒ Gas pressure:
ƒƒ Properties of matter ƒƒ Pressure, barometer
hh Manometers
ƒƒ Physical and chemical changes
hh Separation of mixtures ƒƒ The gas laws:
ƒƒ Subatomic particles: ƒƒ Boyle’s law, Charles’s law, combined gas law
hh STP, Gay-Lussac’s law
hh Discovery of the electron, proton, and neutron
hh Avogadro’s law, molar volume, ideal gas law
ƒƒ Atomic number, mass number, isotopes, and ions
ƒƒ Atomic mass: ƒƒ Diffusion, partial pressures, and stoichiometry:
ƒƒ Atomic mass units ƒƒ Diffusion
hh Rates of diffusion, Graham’s law, partial pressure
hh Mass spectrometer, mass spectrum
hh Dalton’s law of partial pressures, stoichiometry and gases
hh Calculating atomic mass, weighted averages

Chemistry cont. p. 190

189
GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Chemistry cont.
Chemical Thermodynamics The Chemical Bond & Intermolecular Forces
ƒƒ Energy: ƒƒ Types of chemical bonds:
ƒƒ Kinetic and potential energy ƒƒ Octet rule, explanation of ionic bonding, ionic crystalline solids
ƒƒ System, surroundings ƒƒ Explanation of covalent bonding, nonbonding and bonding e ­ lectrons
hh Internal energy ƒƒ Single, double, and triple bonds
ƒƒ First law of thermodynamics: ƒƒ Covalent networks, metallic bonds
hh Mathematical statement ƒƒ Polar and nonpolar covalent bonds, dipole
ƒƒ Heat in chemical reactions: ƒƒ Shapes and properties of molecules:
hh Enthalpy ƒƒ Lewis structures, delocalized e­ lectrons
ƒƒ Endothermic and exothermic reactions hh Resonance structures
ƒƒ Calorimetry: hh Molecular shapes: VSEPR, effect of shape on polar and nonpolar
hh Heat of reaction, thermochemical equation molecules
hh Standard state, enthalpy of formation, mass-heat calculations ƒƒ Intermolecular forces: dipole-dipole, London forces, hydrogen bonds
ƒƒ Heat and changes of state: ƒƒ Crystals: amorphous and crystalline solids:
ƒƒ Heat of fusion, heat of vaporization hh Types of unit cells, close packing

ƒƒ Entropy:
Selected Nonmetals & Their Compounds
ƒƒ Second law of thermodynamics, spontaneity
hh Hydrogen: most abundant element in universe, properties,
hh Gibbs free energy
­preparation, reactions, and uses
Light, Electrons & Atomic Structure hh Oxygen: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses,
hydrogen peroxide, free radicals
ƒƒ Nature of light:
hh Nitrogen: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses
ƒƒ Properties of waves: crest, trough, wavelength, amplitude, fre-
hh Phosphorus: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and
quency, speed
uses
ƒƒ Classical theories of light, electromagnetic wave, speed of light,
hh Sulfur: occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses
electromagnetic spectrum, quantum theory of light
ƒƒ Photon, wave-particle duality ƒƒ Halogens:
hh Occurrence, properties, preparation, reactions, and uses of stable
hh Photon energy-frequency relationship
halogens
ƒƒ Electrons and the structure of the atom:
ƒƒ Noble gases:
ƒƒ Spectrometer
hh Occurrence, properties, compounds, and uses
hh Line spectra, continuous spectra, hydrogen spectrum
hh Introductory quantitative treatment of Bohr model, details of energy Selected Metals & Semimetals
levels, ground state, excited state, quantized, matter waves ƒƒ Metallurgy:
hh Schrödinger’s equation
ƒƒ Ore
ƒƒ Uncertainty principle hh Processing ore
hh Detailed description of electron-cloud model ƒƒ Alkali metals:
ƒƒ Electron configuration and quantum numbers: hh Occurrence, properties, preparation, and uses; alkali metal com-
ƒƒ Probability contours, orbital shapes pounds
hh Electron configuration ƒƒ Alkaline earth metals:
ƒƒ Four quantum numbers, Pauli exclusion principle hh Occurrence, properties, preparation, and uses
hh Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule ƒƒ Iron:
ƒƒ Valence electrons ƒƒ Occurrence
hh Lewis structures of atoms hh Properties, production, steel refining, annealing, hardening, and
tempering
Periodic Table ƒƒ Copper:
ƒƒ Historical development of the periodic table: hh Occurrence, properties, preparation, and uses
hh Döbereiner’s triads, ­Newland’s octaves ƒƒ Precious Metals:
ƒƒ Periodic law hh Occurrence, properties, preparation, and uses of selected precious
hh Mendeleev’s table metals
ƒƒ Classification of the elements: ƒƒ Aluminum:
ƒƒ Group, period hh Occurrence, properties, chemistry of preparation, and uses;
ƒƒ Nonmetals, metals, ­semimetals, main-group elements, transition thermite process
and inner transition metals hh Other metals: lead, titanium, and uranium
ƒƒ Brief description of several groups (alkali metals, etc.) hh Important semimetals and their compounds:
hh Periodicity of chemical properties: periodic properties of elements ƒƒ Silicon and germanium:
in the alkali and alkaline earth metals, combining capacity hh Occurrence, properties, preparation, and uses
hh Electron configurations and the periodic table: correlations ƒƒ Semiconducting properties
between the two hh Silicates, glass, silicones
hh Periodic properties of the elements: atomic size, ionic size, ionization hh Boron
energy, metallic character, electron affinity, electronegativity

Chemistry cont. p. 191

190
 GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Chemistry cont.
Solutions & Colloids hh Polyprotic acids, acidic and basic anhydrides

ƒƒ Introduction to solutions: hh Strengths of acids and bases: strong and weak acids and bases

ƒƒ Solution, solvent, solute ƒƒ Acids in chemical reactions:

hh Miscible and immiscible hh Net ionic equations

hh Hydrated, solvated, ionization ƒƒ Reactions with bases—neutralization, salts

ƒƒ Factors affecting solution rates hh Reactions with carbonates, bicarbonates, and metals; activity
series
hh Solubility rules
hh Equivalents and normality: equivalent mass of acids and bases,
ƒƒ Behavior of solutions:
normality
hh Crystallization, dynamic equilibrium
ƒƒ pH:
ƒƒ Solubility
ƒƒ Ionization of water
ƒƒ Saturated
hh Calculating pH with logarithms, pOH scale, pH measurement
hh Unsaturated, supersaturated
ƒƒ Acid-base indicators
ƒƒ Effect of temperature
hh Acid-base titrations: titration, equivalence point, end point
hh Effect of pressure on solubility; enthalpy of solution
hh Hydrolysis and buffers: principles of hydrolysis, characteristics of
ƒƒ Measuring solution concentration:
buffers
hh Generic concentration expression, dilution
ƒƒ Molarity, molality Oxidation-Reduction Reactions & Electro-
ƒƒ Colligative properties: chemistry
ƒƒ Vapor pressure: ƒƒ Redox reactions:
hh Effects of solute hh Oxidizing and reducing agents
ƒƒ Vapor pressure and changes of state hh Oxidation numbers
hh Quantitative treatment of boiling point elevation and freezing hh Balancing redox reactions
point depression hh Strength of oxidizing and reducing agents
hh Electrolytes and colligative properties ƒƒ Electrochemical reactions:
hh Osmotic pressure ƒƒ Electric current, electrolyte, anode, cathode
ƒƒ Colloids: ƒƒ Electrolysis:
ƒƒ Tyndall effect, Brownian motion ƒƒ Molten sodium chloride
hh Types of colloids hh Water, aqueous salt solution
ƒƒ Soaps and detergents ƒƒ Electroplating
ƒƒ Voltaic cells:
Chemical Kinetics
hh Construction, activity series, salt bridge
hh Introduction to chemical kinetics: reaction rate, collision theory
hh Electrode potentials, standard electrode potential
ƒƒ Concentration, temperature, and reaction rate:
ƒƒ Sign conventions of anodes and cathodes
hh Quantitative treatment
ƒƒ Activation energy Nuclear Chemistry
hh Transition states and energy changes: ƒƒ Radioactivity:
hh Transition-state theory, activated complex hh Changes in the nucleus—discovery
hh Potential energy in endothermic and exothermic reactions hh Nuclides
ƒƒ Effects of a catalyst: ƒƒ Radiation, radioactivity, types of radioactivity
ƒƒ Alternate pathway with lower activation energy ƒƒ Nuclear stability:
hh Energy changes in catalyzed reactions, types of catalysts hh Density of the nucleus
ƒƒ Enzymes: ƒƒ Strong nuclear force
hh Inhibitors ƒƒ Radioactive decay
hh Reaction mechanisms: elemantary reactions, chain mechanisms, hh Nuclear mass defect, nuclear binding energy, electron volt, bind-
rate laws ing energy per nucleon
ƒƒ Nuclear reactions:
Chemical Equilibrium
hh Details of alpha, beta, and gamma decay; positron emission;
ƒƒ Reversible reactions:
neutron radiation
ƒƒ Chemical equilibrium
hh Penetration ability
hh Equilibrium concentrations
ƒƒ Half-life
ƒƒ Le Chatelier’s Principle:
hh Activity, units of measurement
ƒƒ Concentration changes, pressure changes
hh Radioactive decay series, bombardment reactions
hh Temperature changes, effects of a catalyst
hh Particle accelerators, transuranium elements
hh Equilibrium constants, solubility product constants
ƒƒ Effects of radiation on matter:
Acids, Bases & Salts hh Ionizing radiation, effects on living tissue

ƒƒ Nature of acids and bases: hh Detecting radiation, measuring radiation

ƒƒ Characteristics of acids and bases ƒƒ Health effects, sources of exposure

hh Arrhenius concept, Brønsted-Lowry concept ƒƒ Nuclear fission and fusion:
hh Conjugate acids and bases, naming acids and bases hh Discovery

Chemistry cont. p. 192

191
GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
SCIENCE: Chemistry cont.
Nuclear Chemistry cont. hh Aldehydes and ketones, amines, amides

hh Details of chain reaction ƒƒ Other substituted hydrocarbons:

ƒƒ Critical mass ƒƒ Haloalkanes
hh Atomic bomb hh Epoxides, thiols

ƒƒ Nuclear reactor: ƒƒ Polymer chemistry:

hh Enrichment ƒƒ Monomer, polymerization
ƒƒ Safety hh Polymers by chemical structure:

ƒƒ Waste, breeder reactor hh Polyethylene, vinyls, polyesters, ­polyamides (nylon), polycarbon-

ate, silicones
hh Chemistry of nuclear fusion, proposed confinement methods
ƒƒ Biological polymers:
Organic Chemistry ƒƒ Protein, cellulose, chitin, and DNA
ƒƒ Introduction to organic chemistry: carbon bonding, isomer, ƒƒ Biochemistry:
­structural formula, functional group ƒƒ Proteins and amino acids, peptide bonds
ƒƒ Hydrocarbons: ƒƒ Carbohydrates, sugars, mono-, di-, and polysaccharides
hh Detailed overview of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydro- hh Pentose, hexose, chain and ring forms
carbons: structure, nomenclature, and reactions ƒƒ Fats, lipids, fatty acids, oils:
hh Saturated and unsaturated, alkyl groups, benzene
ƒƒ Saturated and unsaturated
hh Sources of hydrocarbons
hh Saponification
ƒƒ Substituted hydrocarbons: ƒƒ Phospholipids, steroids, cholesterol:
ƒƒ Alcohols, carboxylic acids, esters: hh Chemical structure
hh Nomenclature, reactions
ƒƒ Nucleic acids: DNA, RNA

BIBLE: Jesus & His Followers (one semester)

Jesus and His Followers traces the life of Christ from His arrival as a Babe in Beth- Evaluation
lehem, through His death on the cross at Calvary, to His ascension into heaven. ƒƒ Verses:
This practical, personal study of the gospels is designed to reach both the head
ƒƒ Verse quizzes (16)
and the heart of the student. Through the teachings of Jesus and the example He
ƒƒ 9-weeks verses exam (1)
set for His followers, the student learns how to live a more abundant and fruitful
Christian life. Practical applications and thought-provoking questions encour- ƒƒ Final verses exam (1)
ages the student to examine his walk with Christ and apply God’s Word to his life. ƒƒ Content:
Memory passages have been selected to correlate with the topics discussed to ƒƒ Unit quizzes (8)
help the student become grounded in the Scriptures. ƒƒ 9-weeks content exam (1)
ƒƒ Final content exam (1)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 72 ƒƒ Jesus cleanses the Temple

hh The Bible—God communicates with us: ƒƒ The Spirit of God dwelling in the believer
hh How our English Bible came to us hh New birth and the new nature

hh The English Bible in the 20th Century ƒƒ Samaritan woman at the well
hh Four portraits of Christ in the Gospels ƒƒ His popular ministry in Galilee:
ƒƒ Jesus’ birth and preparation for ministry: ƒƒ Jesus heals and forgives sin
ƒƒ The first Christmas hh Causes of sickness

ƒƒ In the Temple at age twelve ƒƒ Ten lepers and Jairus’s daughter

ƒƒ Jesus is baptized hh Promises for answered prayer

ƒƒ The trinity of God ƒƒ Feeding the multitude

ƒƒ The purpose of water baptism ƒƒ Jesus walks on water and offers living Bread
ƒƒ Salvation is a prerequisite ƒƒ Jesus meets with opposition
ƒƒ Jesus is tempted hh Jesus meets demonic activity

ƒƒ The background of the tempter ƒƒ The Master Teacher:

hh The essence of temptation ƒƒ Jesus teaches through parables
ƒƒ Jesus’ early ministry: ƒƒ Jesus calls the disciples and chooses apostles
ƒƒ Miracle at the wedding in Cana ƒƒ Jesus teaches His followers to pay taxes
hh What Scripture says about alcohol ƒƒ Jesus reveals what hell is like
hh Drugs—a blessing or a curse? hh Various Encounters: The Sabbath encounter
ƒƒ Christ encounters the hypocritical Pharisees:
Jesus & His Followers cont. p. 193

192
 GRADE 11
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
BIBLE: Jesus & His Followers cont.
Lessons cont. hh Sermon on the Mount

ƒƒ Mount of Transfiguration hh The Beatitudes produce “overflowing joy”

hh Two ways to increase faith hh Disciples called to be “salt” and “light”

ƒƒ Encounters with a young ruler and Zacchaeus hh Guidelines for giving and praying

ƒƒ Widow’s Son and Lazarus hh The Lord’s Prayer—an outline for prayer

ƒƒ The Passion Week: hh Guidelines to combat materialism

ƒƒ Triumphal entry hh Practical points to avoid pitfalls

ƒƒ Passover supper and Garden of Gethsemane Music 51 songs

ƒƒ Paul instructs the church about the Lord’s table ƒƒ Hymns, gospel songs, holiday songs
ƒƒ Jesus speaks to the eleven
hh The vine and the branches Memory Work
hh Persecution inevitably awaits His followers ƒƒ Passages (16 containing 48 verses)
hh Jesus’ prayer for His disciples
Prayer Time
ƒƒ Jesus’ trial and crucifixion
ƒƒ Learn to pray for others, missions, our nation, those in authority over
ƒƒ Resurrection: Post-resurrection appearances us. Include praise and thanksgiving to God.
ƒƒ Ascension

BIBLE: Life Management (one semester)

The successful Christian life is a life under biblical management. Life Management Evaluation
under God is an application of biblical principles in practical areas of life. Each lesson ƒƒ Verses:
provides a marvelous opportunity to apply God’s truth to everyday problems and situ-
ƒƒ Verse quizzes (17)
ations. Great effort has been taken to also include critical topics from a scriptural point
ƒƒ 9-weeks verses exam (1)
of view. This study can help each student obtain success by instructing him on how to
apply the Word of God, life’s greatest certainty, to his own life. ƒƒ Final verses exam (1)
ƒƒ Content:
ƒƒ Unit quizzes (7)
ƒƒ 9-weeks content exam (1)
ƒƒ Final content exam (1)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 70 hh Taking responsibility:

hh How to relate to others: hh Time management for efficient living

hh Being a friend hh Managing your money

hh Relationships with the opposite sex hh Responsibilities of citizenship

hh Getting along with your family hh Preparing for marriage from a biblical perspective:

hh Learning to forgive hh Falling in love

hh Living courteously hh Living with your marriage partner

hh Your safety and well-being: hh Looking at the issue of divorce

hh First aid hh Fornication and adultery

ƒƒ Alcohol and tobacco hh Sexually transmitted diseases

ƒƒ Illegal drugs hh Issues that affect your life:

hh Developing balanced living habits: hh Creation versus evolution, abortion

hh Nutrition for optimum living hh Gambling, social networking

hh Exercise for vibrant living

Music 44 songs
hh Dealing with stress and fatigue
ƒƒ Songs, holiday songs
hh Promoting spiritual health
hh Job success: Memory Work
hh Part-time work and your life’s work ƒƒ Passages (29 containing 72 verses)
hh How to get a job
Prayer Time
hh How to get along with your boss and relate to your fellow workers
ƒƒ Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us.

193
GRADE 12

ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition

English 12 is designed to incorporate a program of English literature, composition, grammar, vocabu-
lary, and outside reading into a senior-level English class. The study of grammar is not stressed in the
senior year as much as in earlier years because of the extensive background that students should have
gained from previous study; however, grammar is still taught briefly each day. Grammar instruction
includes correcting homework exercises from Workbook VI for Handbook of Grammar and Composi-
tion and briefly presenting new material from Handbook of Grammar and Composition.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ English teaching transparencies
ƒƒ Grammar quizzes (17)
ƒƒ Tests (8), mid-semester tests (2)
ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Compositions:
ƒƒ Essays (5)
ƒƒ Argumentative essay
ƒƒ Oral book reviews (2)
ƒƒ Full book review
ƒƒ Vocation project
ƒƒ Character analysis
ƒƒ Extended definition
ƒƒ Optional (graded at teacher discretion):
ƒƒ Paragraphs, book reviews
ƒƒ Character sketch, original poem
ƒƒ Extemporaneous compositions,
résumé
ƒƒ Descriptions, narrative

Grammar ƒƒ Colons:
ƒƒ Capitalization: ƒƒ Before a list of items
ƒƒ Proper nouns and words formed from proper nouns: ƒƒ To introduce a formally announced statement or quotation
ƒƒ Particular persons, places, things: ƒƒ Between:
ƒƒ Political and economic organizations and alliances ƒƒ Independent clauses when second clause further explains first
one
ƒƒ Words referring to Deity and Holy Scripture
ƒƒ Chapter and verse of Bible reference
ƒƒ Words from proper nouns
ƒƒ Hour and minute of time reference
ƒƒ Common noun or adjective when part of proper name
ƒƒ After salutation of a business letter
ƒƒ Titles of persons, titles of works
ƒƒ Italics:
ƒƒ First word of every sentence
ƒƒ For titles of books, magazines, newspapers, plays, works of art,
ƒƒ Pronoun I and interjection O
ships, trains, aircraft, and spacecraft
ƒƒ First word of every line of poetry
ƒƒ For words, letters, numbers referred to as such
ƒƒ Punctuation:
ƒƒ For foreign words or phrases
ƒƒ End marks:
ƒƒ Hyphens:
ƒƒ Period for declarative sentences, abbreviations, indirect ques-
ƒƒ To divide a word at the end of line
tion, and polite request
ƒƒ In compound numbers
ƒƒ Question mark for interrogative sentences
ƒƒ In fractions used as adjectives
ƒƒ Exclamation point for exclamatory sentences
ƒƒ In prefixes before a proper noun or adjective
ƒƒ Commas:
ƒƒ In compound adjectives before a noun
ƒƒ Before a coordinating conjunction joining two independent
clauses ƒƒ Quotation Marks:
ƒƒ To indicate: ƒƒ In a direct quotation
ƒƒ Omissions or avoid possible misreading ƒƒ To enclose:
ƒƒ Nonessential elements in a sentence: ƒƒ Titles of short poems, songs, chapters, articles, and other parts
of books or magazines
ƒƒAppositive and appositive phrase
ƒƒ A quoted passage of more than one paragraph: at the
ƒƒParticipial phrase
beginning of each paragraph and at the end of the last
ƒƒAdjective and adverb clauses paragraph
ƒƒDirect address ƒƒ Apostrophes:
ƒƒWell, yes, no, or why ƒƒ To form:
ƒƒParenthetical expressions ƒƒ Possessive case of nouns
ƒƒ To set off introductory phrases or clauses ƒƒ Individual possession within a group
ƒƒ In dates and addresses ƒƒ Possessive case of indefinite pronouns
ƒƒ After salutations and closings of letters ƒƒ To show omissions from words
ƒƒ Semicolons: ƒƒ With s to form plurals of letters, numbers, signs, and words used
ƒƒ Between independent clauses: as words
ƒƒ If not using coordinating conjunction ƒƒ Dashes:
ƒƒ Joined by transitional words ƒƒ After a series of words or phrases giving details about a state-
ƒƒ Joined by coordinating conjunction if clauses already contain ment that follows
commas ƒƒ To indicate an abrupt change or break in a sentence
ƒƒ Between items in a series if the items contain commas ƒƒ To set off parenthetical elements or confidential comments

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 195

194
 GRADE 12

ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.

Grammar cont. ƒƒ Regular verb endings
ƒƒ Parentheses: ƒƒ Irregular verbs
ƒƒ To enclose: ƒƒ Using correct principal parts
ƒƒ Parenthetical elements ƒƒ Verb tenses: progressive and emphatic forms
ƒƒ Brief confirmatory information ƒƒ When to use the verb tenses
ƒƒ Brackets: ƒƒ Using logical verb tense sequence between clauses and
between verbals and independent clause
ƒƒ To enclose editorial comments within quotations
ƒƒ Avoiding unnecessary shifts in sentences: in subjects, verb
ƒƒ To replace parentheses within parentheses
tense, voice of verbs
ƒƒ The sentence:
ƒƒ Active and passive voice
ƒƒ Definition of sentence
ƒƒ Mood: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive
ƒƒ Kinds of sentences classified by purpose: declarative, imperative, ƒƒ Avoid incorrect verb forms
interrogative, exclamatory
ƒƒ Use troublesome verbs correctly and avoid verb usage errors
ƒƒ Recognizing subjects and verbs: complete subject, simple subject,
ƒƒ Nouns:
complete predicate, simple predicate, and verb phrase
ƒƒ Recognizing nouns:
ƒƒ Overcoming problems locating subjects and verbs:
ƒƒ Compound, common, proper, and collective
ƒƒ Finding:
ƒƒ Concrete and abstract
ƒƒ Subject in an inverted sentence: interrogative sentence,
sentence beginning with there or here ƒƒ Substantives
ƒƒ Keeping agreement of subject and verb
ƒƒ Subject of an imperative sentence
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming nouns as predicate nominatives,
ƒƒ Subject before its appositive
direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions, direct
ƒƒ Verb phrase that is interrupted by other words address, appositives, and objective complements
ƒƒ Diagramming subjects and verbs ƒƒ Using parallelism
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming compound subjects and verbs ƒƒ Pronouns:
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming complements: direct object, ƒƒ Antecedents
indirect object, objective complement, predicate nominative,
ƒƒ Recognizing personal, interrogative, demonstrative, indefinite,
predicate adjective
compound, relative
ƒƒ Fragments and run-on sentences
ƒƒ Recognizing reflexive and intensive pronouns
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming simple, compound, complex, and
ƒƒ Keeping agreement of verbs and indefinite pronoun subjects
compound-complex sentences
ƒƒ Making pronouns agree with their antecedents:
ƒƒ Sentence improvement:
ƒƒ In number and in gender
ƒƒ Unity and coordination
ƒƒ In person
ƒƒ Subordination:
ƒƒ Nominative case:
ƒƒ Choosing what to subordinate
ƒƒ For subjects, predicate nominatives, appositives of subjects,
ƒƒ Avoiding upside-down, illogical, and excessive subordination appositives of predicate nominatives, appositives to subjects,
ƒƒ Placement of modifiers: and appositives to predicate nominatives
ƒƒ Avoid: ƒƒ For complements of the infinitive to be
ƒƒSquinting modifiers and split constructions ƒƒ Objective case:
ƒƒDangling participial phrases ƒƒ For direct objects, indirect objects, objects of prepositions
ƒƒDangling gerund and infinitive phrases and for appositives of direct objects, indirect objects, objects
ƒƒElliptical clauses of prepositions and for appositives to direct objects, indirect
ƒƒ Pronoun reference objects, and objects of prepositions
ƒƒ Clear and logical construction ƒƒ For subjects of infinitives and complements of the infinitive to be
ƒƒ Parallelism ƒƒ Possessive case:
ƒƒ Point of view: ƒƒ Using correct case for who, whom, whoever, and whomever
and in incomplete clauses beginning with than or as
ƒƒ Avoid unnecessary shifts in:
ƒƒ Avoid pronoun usage problems: double subject, possessive
ƒƒSubject, voice, and tense
case before a gerund
ƒƒMood, person, number, discourse, and tone ƒƒ Adjectives:
ƒƒ Consistency of subject, tense, or voice ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming adjectives: Participles and proper
ƒƒ Clear and effective diction adjectives and infinitives as adjectives
ƒƒ Conciseness ƒƒ Distinguishing adjectives from nouns and pronouns
ƒƒ Parts of speech: ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming predicate adjectives
ƒƒ Recognizing eight parts of speech ƒƒ Using and diagramming:
ƒƒ Verbs: ƒƒ Prepositional and participial phrases as adjectives
ƒƒ Recognizing action (transitive and intransitive), linking, and ƒƒ Infinitive phrases as adjectives
helping verbs ƒƒ Adjective clauses
ƒƒ Distinguishing verbs from verbals: participles, gerunds, and ƒƒ Placing and punctuating adjective modifiers
infinitives ƒƒ Using adjectives in comparison
ƒƒ Using principal parts of verbs ƒƒ Avoiding double comparison and double negatives

Grammar & Composition cont. p. 196

195
GRADE 12
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
ENGLISH: Grammar & Composition cont.
Grammar cont. ƒƒ Introducing paragraphs:
ƒƒ Adverbs: ƒƒ Topic sentence
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming adverbs ƒƒ Summarizing sentence
ƒƒ Infinitives as adverbs ƒƒ Paragraph development by examples, incidents, reasons,­
­comparison and contrast, and combination of methods
ƒƒ Nouns as adverbs
ƒƒ Paragraph unity
ƒƒ Distinguishing adverbs from adjectives
ƒƒ Paragraph coherence: chronological order, order of importance,
ƒƒ Using and diagramming:
transitional expressions, space order, pronoun reference, and
ƒƒ Prepositional phrases as adverbs
repetition
ƒƒ Infinitive phrases as adverbs
ƒƒ Paragraph with proper emphasis
ƒƒ Adverb clauses
ƒƒ Essays (6):
ƒƒ Correct placement of adverb modifiers
ƒƒ Essay answer
ƒƒ Distinguishing dependent clauses
ƒƒ Narrative and argumentative essays
ƒƒ Using adverbs in comparison
ƒƒ Outline:
ƒƒ Prepositions:
ƒƒ Topical and sentence outlines
ƒƒ Recognizing prepositions, prepositional phrases, and objects of
ƒƒ Format of outline
prepositions
ƒƒ Parallelism in an outline
ƒƒ Distinguishing between prepositions and adverbs
ƒƒ Steps to preparing an outline
ƒƒ Using prepositions correctly
ƒƒ Extended definition
ƒƒ Conjunctions:
ƒƒ Writing descriptions about persons, places, and things (6):
ƒƒ Recognizing coordinating, correlative, and subordinating
ƒƒ Steps: point of view, careful selection of details, arrangement of
conjunctions
details, use of exact nouns and verbs
ƒƒ Using parallel structure
ƒƒ Character sketch
ƒƒ Interjections:
ƒƒ Critical book reviews: written and oral review
ƒƒ Definition
ƒƒ Writing letters:
ƒƒ Punctuation with interjections
ƒƒ Friendly: letter parts, thank-you note, bread-and-butter note
ƒƒ Other parts of speech used as interjections
ƒƒ Business:
ƒƒ Diagramming interjections
ƒƒ Letter parts, order letter, request letter, complaint letter, and
ƒƒ Recognizing and diagramming:
letter to a government official
ƒƒ Nominative absolute and expletives
ƒƒ Letter of application, résumé
ƒƒ Nominative absolute phrases
hh Vocation Project (Research paper):
ƒƒ Word study:
ƒƒ Planning the paper:
ƒƒ Using the dictionary:
ƒƒ Selecting subject
ƒƒ Kinds of dictionaries
ƒƒ Finding sources: encyclopedia, periodical databases, Essay and
ƒƒ Selecting a dictionary General Literature Index, published bibliographies
ƒƒ Using the dictionary ƒƒ Writing bibliography cards
ƒƒ Parts of the dictionary ƒƒ Making a preliminary outline
ƒƒ Usage and diction: ƒƒ Taking notes: writing note cards, avoiding plagiarism
ƒƒ Levels of usage hh Writing a questionnaire cover letter and conducting
ƒƒ Using correct diction an interview
ƒƒ Using clear and effective diction ƒƒ Writing the paper: introduction, body
ƒƒ Appropriateness ƒƒ Using parenthetical citations
ƒƒ Exactness and vividness ƒƒ Rewriting the paper: check organization, introduction, conclusion,
ƒƒ Figurative language unity, coherence, and citations
ƒƒ Gobbledygook ƒƒ Editing the paper: check each paragraph, sentence, word;
ƒƒ Jargon capitali­zation and punctuation
ƒƒ Triteness ƒƒ Typing the paper:
ƒƒ Wordiness: ƒƒ General information
ƒƒ Sentences beginning with there, it, and this ƒƒ Formatting pages: title page, pledge page, outline page, first
ƒƒ Wordy expressions page, and succeeding pages
ƒƒ Redundancies ƒƒ Inserting footnotes or endnotes
ƒƒ Glossary of diction ƒƒ Additional guidelines:
ƒƒ Abbreviations in citation entries
Composition ƒƒ Ellipsis marks in quotations
ƒƒ Manuscript form: ƒƒ Block quotations
ƒƒ Abbreviations, numbers, titles ƒƒ Documentation for research paper:
ƒƒ Abbreviations in footnotes and parenthetical references ƒƒ Parenthetical citations
ƒƒ The Writing Process: plan, write, rewrite, edit ƒƒ Endnotes and footnotes
ƒƒ Typing instructions

196
 GRADE 12

ENGLISH: Vocabulary, Poetry

Knowing and using a selection of choice vocabulary words gives high school students an advantage, whether
it is in a job interview, on a college entrance exam, or simply in meeting today’s expectations for expression
and communication. Mastering the vocabulary words in Vocabulary, Poetry VI will help students in their writ-
ing, speaking, and reading comprehension. Many of the words are taken from English Literature. Students will
study the antonyms and synonyms included with the definitions and learn prefixes, root words, and suffixes,
expanding their vocabulary even further. Students will also memorize ten poems throughout the year. The
students will benefit from reciting and memorizing poetry.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Vocabulary lists (12):
ƒƒ Total words and definitions (144)
ƒƒ Organized by word origin or by
roots, prefixes, and suffixes
ƒƒ Practice exercises (100) including:
ƒƒ Pretest over vocabulary words
and their meanings
ƒƒ Cumulative review of vocabulary
words and definitions
ƒƒ Each vocabulary word includes:
ƒƒ Pronunciation, etymology,
part of speech
ƒƒ Definition, sample sentence
ƒƒ Synonyms, antonyms
ƒƒ Related forms of the word
ƒƒ Pronunciation key
ƒƒ Vocabulary chart showing:
ƒƒ Prefixes (48), suffixes (48)
ƒƒ Greek and Latin roots and
meanings (100)
ƒƒ Guidelines for solving analogy
questions
ƒƒ Index includes vocabulary
words; prefixes, roots, suffixes;
synonyms antonyms
ƒƒ Weekly quizzes (8)
ƒƒ Quarterly review (1 each 9 weeks;
each counts as 2 quiz grades)
ƒƒ Poetry quizzes: written (9),
oral (1)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Skills Development Poetry Skills Development

hh Master vocabulary words and definitions
ƒƒ Use vocabulary words in sentences and in proper context
ƒƒ Memorize vocabulary definitions
ƒƒ Master 48 prefixes, 100 roots, and 48 suffixes
ƒƒ Learn more than 1,000 synonyms, antonyms, and related words for
vocabulary words
ƒƒ Analyze word meanings based on their prefixes, roots, and suffixes
ƒƒ Develop ability to solve analogy questions
ƒƒ Apply spelling and phonics concepts through teacher-directed oral
practice and independent written practice
hh Memorize 10 lyrical poems
ƒƒ Develop appreciation for poetry
ƒƒ Lay foundation for future literature study
ƒƒ Recite in unison
ƒƒ Use appropriate expression and volume
ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
ƒƒ Demonstrate comprehension of emotion and content
ƒƒ Develop a mental visualization of the poem
ƒƒ Discuss meaning and purpose of poems
ƒƒ Use proper punctuation in writing and reciting poems

ENGLISH: Literature
English Literature presents a chronological study of English literature from the Anglo-Saxon period to the
Modern Age (twentieth century). Classics such as Beowulf, The Importance of Being Earnest, Pride and
Prejudice, Paradise Lost, Robinson Crusoe, David Copperfield, and The Canterbury Tales were chosen not
only for their literary value but also for their character development. Students will learn about a variety of
literary genres and will further analyze literature through in-depth studies of a tragedy, an allegory, and a
novel. In order to help students visualize the works and time periods they are studying, English Literature
contains a variety of illustrations and photographs of English people, places, and art.

Literary Value Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ 105 authors, including well-known
writers such as Elizabeth Bar-
rett Browning, Geoffrey Chaucer,
Daniel Defoe, Charles Wesley, and
Oscar Wilde
ƒƒ Prose selections (24), poems (221),
plays (4), essays (13), devotional
works (7), and sermon (1)
ƒƒ Footnotes define and explain
unfamiliar words
ƒƒ Comprehension and discussion
questions after selections
ƒƒ Character-building quotations
and verses
ƒƒ Introductory paragraphs for
interest and background infor-
mation
ƒƒ Author biographies and literary ƒƒ Comprehension quizzes (22)
terms ƒƒ Homework reading quizzes (29)
ƒƒ Glossary of literary terms ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Unit reviews ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
ƒƒ Introduction to each literary
period describing literary char-
acteristics of that age

Literature cont. p. 198

197
GRADE 12
ENGLISH: Literature cont.
Reading Skills Development
ƒƒ Develop skills in reading comprehension
ƒƒ Further develop oral reading skills
ƒƒ Be able to identify significant quotations and the selections in which
they are featured
ƒƒ Increase vocabulary
ƒƒ Further develop writing skills
hh Study various literary forms: lyric and epic poetry, drama, allegory,
Romantic and Victorian poetry, and modern fiction
ƒƒ Study meaning and use of literary terms and devices such as theme,
plot, imagery, figurative language, analogy, aside, caesura, carol,
exemplum, idyll, kenning, madrigal, metonymy, ode, rondeau, scop,
currealism, and terza rima
ƒƒ Study historical backgrounds and writing techniques to better
understand each literary period
hh Study the development of plot, theme, setting, and character(s) in
short stories, essays, and other notable works of English literature
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Comprehension, Discussion, & Analysis
Skills Development
hh Read entire works: The Pilgrim’s Progress and Macbeth
ƒƒ Develop proper discernment according to the truths of Scripture
ƒƒ Answer factual, interpretive, and inferential comprehension and
discussion questions
ƒƒ Improve ability to use deductive reasoning, understand cause
and effect, and draw conclusions
ƒƒ Build appreciation for good literature and a love of reading
ƒƒ Develop an understanding of people’s motives and feelings while
recognizing consequences of particular actions
ƒƒ Learn to analyze literature while studying selections
ƒƒ Comprehend and appreciate the basic elements of a work of
literature
ƒƒ Learn to appreciate the rhyme, rhythm, and figurative language
of poetry

MATHEMATICS: Precalculus
The purpose of Precalculus is to teach the student how to select and apply various techniques to solve
mathematical problems in a skillful, systematic, and logical manner. Students will learn the underly-
ing principles of trigonometry and interrelationships of lines and functions with graphical and analytical
problem-solving techniques from a study in analytical geometry. The study culminates with an introduction
to selected calculus topics.
Also available: Consumer Mathematics and Business Mathematics on Electives pp. 199-203.

Topical Interest Essays Evaluation

ƒƒ The History of Pi ƒƒ Euler’s Formula e i + 1 = 0 ƒƒ Quizzes (49)
ƒƒ Distance of travel due to earth’s rotation ƒƒ Missile Guidance Technology ƒƒ Tests (9)
ƒƒ Mathematics in Astronomy—Eratosthenes’ ƒƒ Mathematics in Physics—Projectile Motion ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (2)
­calculation of earth’s c
­ ircumference ƒƒ Mathematics in Biology ƒƒ Semester exam
ƒƒ Sir Isaac Newton ƒƒ Summation—A Calculation of Pi ƒƒ Final exam
ƒƒ Oscilloscope Measurement of Household ƒƒ The Design of Cylindrical Containers
Voltage ƒƒ Mathematics in Physics—Fluid pressure on a
ƒƒ Mathematics in Engineering vertical surface
ƒƒ The Place of Imaginary Numbers

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Trigonometry & Analytical Trigonometry hh Negative angle, double angle, half angle

ƒƒ Basic trigonometric ratios hh Sum and difference, product to sum, sum to product

ƒƒ Solving right triangles hh Verifying

hh Advanced trigonometric ratios hh Used to find unknown values

hh Trigonometric functions ƒƒ Special angle function values (30°, 45°, etc.; 6 , 4 , etc.)
hh Solving trigonometric equations ƒƒ Inverse function values using a calculator
ƒƒ Trigonometric graphs: ƒƒ Function values:
ƒƒ Intercepts ƒƒ Angles in degrees
hh Symmetry, sinusoid hh Angles in radians

hh Amplitude, period, key angles, key points hh Finding unknown function values

hh Vertical and horizontal scaling hh Function values using the unit circle, line diagrams of function
values
hh Vertical and horizontal translation
ƒƒ Using a calculator, using right triangles, using special triangles:
hh Phase shift
ƒƒ 30°-60°-90°
hh Vertical asymptotes
ƒƒ 45°-45°-90°
hh Signs of the functions by quadrant
ƒƒ 90°; 6  -  3  -  2 , 4  -  4  -  2
hh Periodic motion: simple harmonic motion, frequency, rotating
object, suspended object hh Reducing trigonometric function angles: reference angle, reference
triangle
hh Identities:
hh Rewriting as a cofunction
hh Reciprocal, cofunction, Pythagorean, quotient

Precalculus cont. p. 199

198
 GRADE 12
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Precalculus cont.
Coordinate Geometry Angles
ƒƒ Basic review, terminology ƒƒ Angles on the Cartesian plane:
hh Trigonometric Function graphs: ƒƒ In degrees
hh Intercepts, symmetry, sinusoid hh In radians
hh Amplitude, period, key angles, key points hh Initial side, terminal side, standard position
hh Vertical and horizontal scaling hh Quadrant of an angle, coterminal angles, positive and negative
hh Vertical and horizontal translation, phase shift angles: in degrees, in radians, conversions
hh Vertical asymptotes hh Bearing

hh Angles in degrees and radians hh Key angles for a trigonometric function graph

hh Graphing by addition of ordinates ƒƒ Trigonometric function values:

hh Inverse functions, inverse trigonometric functions hh Reference angle by quadrant: in degrees, in radians

ƒƒ Intercepts: x-intercept, y-intercept ƒƒ Special angles: 30°, 45°, etc.; 6 , 4 , etc.

hh Symmetry: x-axis, y-axis, origin
Functions
ƒƒ Domain:
ƒƒ Functional notation
ƒƒ Limiting operations
ƒƒ Domain and range:
hh Determining
hh Finding, using inequalities, using intervals, characteristics
ƒƒ Complex number plane
hh Functions: even, odd, periodic, inverse
ƒƒ Points of intersection
hh Horizontal line test, vertical line test, one-to-one functions
ƒƒ Distance
ƒƒ Slope: Triangles
hh Variation, inclination ƒƒ Solving right triangles
ƒƒ Parallel and perpendicular lines hh Solving oblique triangles:
hh Angle between two intersecting lines ƒƒ Law of sines, law of cosines
ƒƒ Straight line: hh The ambiguous case
hh Inclination ƒƒ Using angles of elevation and depression
hh Distance to a point ƒƒ Finding area
ƒƒ Systems of lines ƒƒ Right triangle trigonometry
ƒƒ Equation forms: hh Reference triangle
ƒƒ Slope-intercept ƒƒ 30°-60°-90°, 45°-45°-90°; 6  -  3  -  2 , 4  -  4  -  4
hh Point-slope, two-point, intercept, parallel to axes, general
ƒƒ Midpoint
Complex Numbers
ƒƒ Imaginary numbers and basic quantities
ƒƒ Parametric equations:
ƒƒ Standard form
hh Eliminating the parameter
ƒƒ Graphing on the complex plane
hh Developing equations: Shrödinger’s wave model graph
hh Magnitude, argument, trigonometric form, polar form, conversions
hh Involute of a circle, brachistochrone, cycloids
hhMultiplying and dividing complex numbers
ƒƒ Locus of a point
hhFinding roots and powers: De Moivre’s theorem
hh Conic sections:
ƒƒ Circle: center, radius Distance
ƒƒ Ellipse: ƒƒ Length of an arc:
hh Vertexes, foci, major and minor axes, latus rectum, eccentricity ƒƒ Using degrees
ƒƒ Parabola: hh Using radians
ƒƒ Vertex ƒƒ Distance between two points:
hh Focus, latus rectum, eccentricity ƒƒ In two dimensions
hh Hyperbola: vertexes, foci, transverse and conjugate axes, latus hh In three dimensions
rectum, eccentricity, asymptotes, conjugate hyperbolas hh Horizontal and vertical distance
hh Horizontal and vertical translation, rotation of axes hh From a line to a point
hh Graphing in three dimensions:
hh Traces, cylinders, elements Vectors
hh Graphs: ellipsoid, paraboloid, hyperboloid of one sheet, hyperbo- hh Scalar, equal vectors, unequal vectors, negative vector, resultant,

loid of two sheets, hyperbolic paraboloid, cone vector sum

Polar Coordinates Regression Analysis

hh Graphing techniques hhMethod of least squares: general equations for solution

hh Terminology, conversions hhClose-fit curve

hh Analysis techniques: branch tangents at the pole, symmetry, hhSummation notation

­ etermining angles resulting in undefined values

d hhPearson-r correlation coefficient

hh Rotation of axes hhLinear and non-linear data: y = mx + b, y = aetx, y = axt,

hh Graphs: lines, circles, roses, cardioids, limaçons, parabolas y = a + bx + cx2 ... + mxn

Precalculus cont. p. 200

199
GRADE 12
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Precalculus cont.
Introductory Calculus ƒƒ Velocity:
hh History, limits ƒƒ Average
hh First derivative of a polynomial: using limits, using the short method hh Instantaneous

hh Slope using derivatives ƒƒ Acceleration:

hh Second derivative of a polynomial: maximum and minimum, ƒƒ Average
critical points hh Instantaneous

ƒƒ Rate of change: hh Anti-derivative

ƒƒ Average hh Area under a curve

hh Instantaneous

HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: American Government (one semester)

American Government in Christian Perspective seeks to give students a clear understanding of the
historical and philosophical elements that make the United States a unique nation. Only when students
fully understand these foundational elements will they be able to love and appreciate our republic.
American Government in Christian Perspective traces the roots of our political institutions and examines
the Constitution itself. Through a clear explanation of the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of
government, students learn how a republic actually functions. Students will also study state and local
government and be better able to understand their local systems, which will in turn develop a better
understanding of and a greater appreciation for American philosophy and ideology.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Special feature boxes (44): ƒƒ Important U.S. documents: the Constitution ƒƒ Reading quizzes (15)
ƒƒ Give better understanding of the following: of the United States, the Declaration of Inde- ƒƒ Review quizzes (19); (includes memorization
ƒƒ Foundations of American liberty pendence, and the Articles of Confederation quizzes for “The Star-Spangled Banner,” the
ƒƒ Operation of opposing government systems ƒƒ State and Local Government (5 sections) Preamble to the Constitution, and four Scripture

ƒƒ Symbols of American government
ƒƒ Concepts of American government
ƒƒ Highlight those who have helped shape
American government through their writings
and biographical sketches
ƒƒ Helps students understand the state and
local government by completing the study
outline for their state
passages totaling 15 verses)
ƒƒ Current events (14; each counts as quiz grade)
ƒƒ Patriotic project (counts as test grade)
ƒƒ Tests (4), 9-weeks exam (1)
ƒƒ Final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Foundations of American Government ƒƒ English tradition takes root in America:

hh America—a unique nation: ƒƒ Compacts, colonies, and charters
hh Miracle of America: ƒƒ Colonial law and government
hh A blessed nation ƒƒ Local government
hh American character ƒƒ Steps toward unity:
hh Need for vigilance ƒƒ Spiritual revival in the colonies
hh American symbols ƒƒ Early efforts at political union
hh Patriotism versus nationalism ƒƒ A nation is born:
hh Government under God: ƒƒ Steps toward independence
hh Foundations of civil government: nature of government ƒƒ Independence declared
hh Forms of government:
Our Constitutional Republic
hh Theocracy and human governments
ƒƒ Constitution of the United States:
ƒƒ Constitutional republic ƒƒ From Plymouth to Philadelphia:
hh Dictatorship
ƒƒ Roots of America’s Constitution
hh Christians and government:
ƒƒ Articles of Confederation
hh Christian’s response and responsibilities to government
ƒƒ New Constitution adopted:
hh Character and government
ƒƒ Constitutional Convention, 1787
ƒƒ Shaping of the American republic: ƒƒ Bundle of compromises
ƒƒ English heritage: ƒƒ Federalists and Anti-Federalists
ƒƒ Bible and Christianity in England ƒƒ Main features of the Constitution:
ƒƒ English common law and government ƒƒ Supreme law of the land
ƒƒ Struggle for liberty hh Purposes of our government

American Government cont. p. 201

200
 GRADE 12
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: American Government cont.
Our Constitutional Republic cont. hh Constitution and federalism: dividing power and fulfilling
­obligations
hh Rights and responsibilities of the American people
hh History of federalism: rise of central power:
hh Republican and limited government
hh Dual, cooperative, and coercive federalism
ƒƒ Congress—legislative branch:
hh Federalism today:
hh Structure of Congress:
hh States and the Supreme Court
hh Congressional houses and leadership
hh States and Congress: the 10th Amendment
hh Constitutional qualifications
hh State and local government:
hh Procedures within Congress: process, pay, privileges, and penalties
hh Fifty individual states:
hh Responsibilities of Congress:
hh State constitutions and the federal Constitution
hh Lawmaking and the process
hh Changing states constitutions
hh Representation and oversight
hh Functions of state government
hh Powers of Congress that they can and cannot exercise
hh State executive officers
ƒƒ President—executive branch:
hh State legislators:
hh President and the Constitution: creation, term, tenure,
qualifications, succession, and compensation hh Terms, sessions, and apportionment

hh President’s leadership: constitutional powers and God-given hh Qualifications, elections, compensation, and personnel

authority hh Powers of the state legislature

hh Vice President hh Officers and organization of the state legislature

hh Roles of the President: chief of state, commander in chief hh Legislative process

hh President’s team: hh Voter participation in the lawmaking process

hh White House office hh State courts

hh Office of Management and Budget hh Local government: county, New England town, township, and

hh Other advisory bodies municipal government

ƒƒ Bureaucracy—executive branch: hh Financing state and local government

ƒƒ From patronage to a merit system hh American citizen in action—making a difference:

ƒƒ Growth of the bureaucracy hh United States citizen:

hh Organization of the bureaucracy: hh Citizenship defined

hh Executive departments hh Citizenship by birth and naturalization

hh Agencies hh Citizen and his government: elected and appointed

hh Government corporations hh Political participation in America:

hh Power of the bureaucracy: hh Citizen and the military, voting process, political party, interest
group, public opinion, and news media
hh Bureaucracy and the Constitution
hh Other forms of political action
hh Legacy of expanding bureaucracy
hh Citizen and his character: importance of righteousness in the
hh Reform of the bureaucracy: reorganization, reduction, and
preservation of the nation
removal
ƒƒ Federal Courts—judicial branch: State and Local Government Study Outline
hh Constitutional and legislative courts: nominating federal judges ƒƒ A research guide divided into five sections to help students better
and justices understand their state and local government:
hh Judicial process: ƒƒ Section 1—My home state
hh Civil and criminal cases ƒƒ State history
hh Procedure in a trial court and an appeals court ƒƒ Voter requirements
hh Supreme Court: ƒƒ Elections
ƒƒ Judicial review: Marbury v. Madison ƒƒ State constitution overview
hh Legal road to the Supreme Court ƒƒ Changing the state constitution
hh Court in session ƒƒ Section 2—State executive officers
hh Changing role of the Court: Earl Warren ƒƒ The governor’s office
ƒƒ Bill of Rights and other amendments: ƒƒ Gubernatorial qualifications, elections, and terms
ƒƒ Bill of Rights: ƒƒ Powers and duties of the governor
ƒƒ Background of the Bill of Rights ƒƒ Lieutenant governor
hh Our civil rights and responsibilities ƒƒ Secretary of state
ƒƒ Original meaning of separation of church and state ƒƒ State attorney general
hh Other amendments ƒƒ State treasurer
hh Importance of various court cases ƒƒ State auditor
Our Federal Republic ƒƒ State comptroller
ƒƒ State superintendent of education
hh American federalism:
ƒƒ Other state offices
hh Federalism defined
hh Founders’ choice

American Government cont. p. 202

201
GRADE 12
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: American Government cont.
State and Local Government Study ƒƒ State court levels
Outline cont. ƒƒ The jury system
ƒƒ Section 3—State legislature ƒƒ Section 5—Local government
ƒƒ Overview ƒƒ County government
ƒƒ Terms and sessions ƒƒ New England town government
ƒƒ Apportionment ƒƒ Township government
ƒƒ Qualifications and elections ƒƒ Municipal government
ƒƒ Officers, organizations, and powers Prayer Time
ƒƒ Legislative committees ƒƒ Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials
ƒƒ The legislative process
ƒƒ Section 4—State courts

HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: Economics (one semester)

The purpose of Economics: Work and Prosperity is to teach basic economic principles and to give students a
clear understanding of free-enterprise capitalism, individual moral responsibility, and the biblical work ethic
from a conservative Christian perspective. This course emphasizes God’s Word as the one standard for man’s
thoughts and actions and encourages man’s depend­en ­ ce upon God rather than upon government. It stresses
acceptance of moral responsibility and accountability to God and man. Finally, this course strengthens the link
between economic freedom and the political and individual freedoms Americans enjoy.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

                      
ƒƒ Special feature boxes (25): ƒƒ Reading quizzes (18)
ECONOMICS ƒƒ Emphasize the importance of responsibility in ­economics ƒƒ Review quizzes (17)
WORK & PROSPERITY
in Christian Perspective ƒƒ Highlight people that have had positive and negative ƒƒ Current events (18; each counts as quiz grade)
Supplement
with Personal
Financial Literacy
influence on economics ƒƒ Research paper (1; counts as test grade)
ƒƒ Include illustrations of the success of capitalism, compari- ƒƒ Tests (4), 9-weeks exam (1)
son and contrasts of different economies, and relationships ƒƒ Final exam
                      
of economics and government ƒƒ Optional assessment to coordinate with
ƒƒ Supplement with personal financial literacy use of supplement
ƒƒ 56 applications expand on textbook topics
ƒƒ 8 optional project ideas to further enhance application of
topics
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Everybody’s Economics hh Supplement

hh Why bother about economics? hh Achieving national economic goals

ƒƒ Building an economy: the Pilgrims at Plymouth hh Renewable and nonrenewable resource development

hh Economists and the language of economics hh Wage and salary equity factors

hh Everything has to be worked for

Laws of Supply & Demand
hh Goods, wants, and needs
hh Value of goods
hh Goods for production and goods to use up
hh Marginal utility and value
hh What makes goods valuable?
hh Basic laws of supply and demand

Economists & Economic Laws hh Supply and demand in balance

hh First principles of economics hh Government and economic laws

hh Early economic history hh Supplement

ƒƒ Adam Smith and The Wealth of Nations hh Impulse buying

hh Ways to prosperity hh Establishing wages, market value, and productivity

hh Supplement
Productive Market Economy
hh Public policy decision-making model
hh Market signals

Factors of Production hh Contrasting economic systems

hh Prosperity does not grow on trees hh Profits and productivity

hh Factors of natural resources, labor, capital, and hh Supplement

entrepreneurship hh Buying a new or used car

hh Achieving economic prosperity hh Four types of economies

hh Production possibilities curve model: choice, scarcity, opportunity
hh Economics benefits of a college education

Economics cont. p. 203

202
 GRADE 12
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY: Economics cont.
Good That Competition Does hh Government agencies protections of U.S. banking system

hh Healthy competition hh Lenders protection on borrowers’ loans

hh Perfect competition hh Credit history

hh Monopolies and monopolistic competition hh Credit counseling for out-of-control debt

hh Oligopolies hh Bankruptcy types

hh Competitive encouragement in the free market hh Financing the purchase of a home

hh Supplement hh Stimulating the economy

hh Pricing strategies
Government & the Economy
hh Benefits from natural monopolies
hh Purpose of government
hh Comparing various market structures
hh Government and macroeconomics
hh Government’s role in protecting consumers from fraud
hh Government’s potential danger to economics

Efficiency of Production hh American government and the economy

hh Source of efficiency hh Supplement

hh Total cost and efficiency hh Dishonest investment schemes from the past

hh Division of labor hh How taxes are levied in the United States

hh Scale of production hh Taxes employees pay

hh Absolute and comparative advantage hh Federal spending and budget deficits and the national debt

hh Geographic specialization and trade

Successes & Difficulties in the Market Economy
hh Supplement
hh Achievements of the market economy
hh Marginal cost analysis
hh Business cycles

Why Everybody Needs to Save hh Inflation

hh Fables in support of saving hh Selfishness and envy

hh Saving in Old Egypt and in modern countries hh Supplement

hh Rewards of saving hh Technological advancements and economic growth

hh Wise and foolish saving hh Types of business organizations

hh Many forms of saving hh Effect of recessions on unemployment rate

hh Savings in stocks, bonds, and mutual funds hh Influence of inflation on world economics

hh Compulsory saving hh Effect of demand on salaries

hh Supplement hh Creating a budget

hh Spending and saving balance hh Personal responsibility in estate planning

hh Effect of inflation on purchasing power

Promise & Performance in the Command
hh Extended warrantees
Economy
hh Insurance considerations
hh Goals, tours, and permanent problems of a command economy
hh Investment strategies that minimize risk
hhInfiltration of socialism
hh Government actions that encourage or discourage saving
hh Effect of taxes on investment choices Look at the Global Economy
hh Stock price changes hh Growth of the global economy

hh Investment information for specific companies hh Global issues in perspective

hh Factors that affect the value of financial assets hh Supplement

hh Risk tolerance in financial decision-making hh Open-market flow diagram and the global economy

hh Government transfer programs—workers’ compensation, social hh International economics

security disability, unemployment insurance
Cheerful View of Our Economic Future
What Money Is Good For hh Refuting the prophets of doom
hh Three functions of money hh Killing the goose that lays the golden eggs
hh Metallic and paper money hh Building the moral foundation of economics
hh Money supply hh Supplement
hh The Treasury, Federal Reserve, and commercial banks hh Charities and nonprofits donations
hh Use and abuse of money hh A moral foundation to economics
hh Supplement
hh Factors of borrowing money
Prayer Time
ƒƒ Learn to pray for our nation and for government officials
hh Credit score protection
hh Primary financial institutions of the United States
hh Securities and Exchange Commission

203
GRADE 12

SCIENCE: Physics
Physics: The Foundational Science describes the laws that govern the interactions between matter and energy. Clear
and thorough explanations penetrate the most perplexing questions. Whenever possible, the principles of physics are
illustrated by everyday experience and practical devices. Numerous illustrative problems are solved in detail.
This course will play an important role in showing students the harmony between scientific knowledge and Christian
belief. The premise of the book is that we live in a God-created world governed by laws discoverable by reverent scien-
tific inquiry. Issues of vital importance to Christians are handled in depth.
Physics: The Foundational Science adopts the traditional procedure of starting with solids, liquids, and gases—tangible
things familiar to students. By putting the study of matter first, this course offers a smooth transition between chemistry
and physics. An extended treatment of mechanics follows so that the student will be well prepared for further study in
physics and engineering. While taking a traditional approach, this text more than adequately covers the most recent
developments in physics for a broad range of topics: from particle physics to electronics and from lasers to relativity.
The emphasis throughout is upon solid advances in knowledge rather than upon theoretical speculation.

Added Enrichment Evaluation

ƒƒ Feature boxes include:
ƒƒ Information on physics in action in the everyday world (10)
ƒƒ Articles highlighting Christian physicists and their contributions (6)
ƒƒ Information about related physics topics (3)
ƒƒ Key symbols and abbreviations at the beginning of each chapter
ƒƒ Reading quizzes (23)
ƒƒ Review quizzes (42)
ƒƒ Science project includes background paper, investigation
plan, experimentation, follow-up paper, and oral presentation
(counts as 2 quiz grades and 2 test grades)

ƒƒ Key equations listed at the end of each chapter ƒƒ Tests (8), 9-weeks exam (2)
ƒƒ Laboratory exercises (20) ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Introduction to Physics ƒƒ Valence electrons

ƒƒ Nature of science: ƒƒ Elementary particles:
ƒƒ Branches of science, man’s dominion, God’s revelation ƒƒ Einstein’s equation, photons, mass gain, nuclear mass defect
ƒƒ Classical and modern physics ƒƒ Subatomic particles
ƒƒ The Scientific Method: cogitation, observation, experimentation, hh Elementary particles

scientific method, hypothesis, data ƒƒ Quarks

ƒƒ Measurement: hh Hadrons, mesons, baryons, gluon

ƒƒ Units of measurement: hh Leptons

hh Fundamental and derived quantities ƒƒ Neutrino, positron, gamma radiation

ƒƒ Systems of units: hh Pair production

ƒƒ FPS, MKS ƒƒ Particle reactions:

hh CGS hh Antiparticles, antimatter, annihilation, electron capture

ƒƒ Standards of measurement: ƒƒ Heavy atoms

ƒƒ Length, mass, time ƒƒ Radioactive decay, half-life
ƒƒ Need for consistent ­standards hh Reaction implications

ƒƒ Scientific notation
Liquid State
ƒƒ Measurement calculations: metric-metric conversions, calculations
ƒƒ Characteristics of a liquid:
with physical qualities, dimensional analysis
ƒƒ Surface tension
ƒƒ Significant digits:
ƒƒ Adhesion, cohesion
ƒƒ Determining, calculation rules, accuracy and precision
ƒƒ Capillarity:
hh Tolerance, error of measurement, systematic and random errors
ƒƒ Capillary tubes, meniscus
ƒƒ Mathematical techniques:
ƒƒ Hydrostatics:
ƒƒ Fractions, literal equations, proportions
ƒƒ Law of liquid pressure:
hh Steps in working physics problems
ƒƒ Force, pressure
Matter hh Defined, equation, Pascal’s vases, water head, lateral force
ƒƒ Nature of matter: hh Pascal’s principle
ƒƒ Characteristics: hh Transmission of liquid pressure, hydraulic device
ƒƒ Inertia ƒƒ Archimedes’ principle: derivation, buoyant force
ƒƒ Mass, weight, density, specific gravity hh Hydrodynamics:
ƒƒ Pure substances and mixtures: hh Principle of viscosity: poise
ƒƒ Molecule, elemental molecule, compound, mixtures hh Principle of continuity:
ƒƒ Homogeneous, heterogeneous, solid, liquid, gas, plasma hh Ideal liquids
ƒƒ Composition of matter: hh Cavitation, laminar flow, eddy currents, volume flow rate
ƒƒ Atom, nucleus, proton, atomic number, neutron, mass number ƒƒ Bernoulli’s principle: velocity and pressure, lateral pressure
ƒƒ Isotope, atomic mass, atomic mass units
ƒƒ Electron, ion, anion, cation, element, periods, groups
Physics cont. p. 205

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SCIENCE: Physics cont.
Gaseous State hh Direction

ƒƒ Air pressure: hh Vector composition of skewed vectors:

ƒƒ Gases in the air, vacuum, atmospheric pressure hh Parallelogram method: law of cosines, law of sines

hh Gases compared to liquids: hh Vector resolution

ƒƒ Archimedes’ principle, Bernoulli’s principle, airfoil hh Vector composition revisited: component method

ƒƒ Barometers: ƒƒ Projectile motion:

hh Horror vacui, Pascal’s discovery hh Projectile motion and gravity, rate of fall, final velocity, trajectory

ƒƒ Standard atmospheric pressure hh Effect of air resistance, critical velocity

hh Gauge and absolute pressure ƒƒ Escape velocity

ƒƒ Aneroid barometer Forces in Nature
ƒƒ Gas laws: ƒƒ Newton’s three laws of motion:
ƒƒ Boyle’s law, inverse proportion, Charles’s law ƒƒ Newton’s first law:
ƒƒ Absolute zero, absolute temperature, direct proportion ƒƒ Inertia, force
ƒƒ Combined gas law, Avogadro’s law, mole, Avogadro’s number ƒƒ Friction
ƒƒ Universal gas constant, ideal gas law ƒƒ Alternative formulations
hh Pneumatic devices: entrained, water and exhaust pumps, compres-
ƒƒ Newton’s second law: determinants of force, units of force,
sors, siphon meaning of mass, mass vs. weight
Solid State ƒƒ Newton’s third law: action-reaction
ƒƒ Characteristics of solids: ƒƒ Friction—the cause, kinetic and static friction
ƒƒ Elasticity, plasticity hh Laws of kinetic f­ riction, normal force:

hh Rigidity, resilience, elastic limit ƒƒ Coefficients of friction: coefficients of kinetic and static friction
hh Mechanical working, forging, rolling, malleability, drawing, ductility ƒƒ Reducing friction: minimizing roughness, lubricating, rollers and
bearings
hh Moduli of deformation:
ƒƒ Four fundamental forces: strong, electromagnetic, weak, and
hh Hooke’s law: tensile force, restorative force
gravitational forces
hh Forces of deformation: stress, strain
ƒƒ Gravity and gravitation—geocentric, heliocentric:
hh Tensile stress:
ƒƒ Laws of planetary motion:
hh Tension, Young’s modulus, proportional limit, elastic limit
ƒƒ Empirical, law of orbits
hh Ultimate tensile strength, breaking point, brittle, compression
hh Mathematical description of law of areas
hh Shear stress and volume stress
ƒƒ Aphelion, perihelion
Introduction to Motion hh Quantitative treatment of law of periods

ƒƒ Kinematics: translational, rectilinear, and curvilinear motion ƒƒ Universal gravitation:

ƒƒ Speed and velocity: hh Kinematics, dynamics

ƒƒ Rates of motion: ƒƒ Universal law of gravitation, Cavendish’s measurement of G

ƒƒ Velocity ƒƒ Earth’s gravitational field:
ƒƒ Constant velocity, uniform, variable velocity hh Factors affecting g, static equilibrium, center of gravity

hh Sign convention hh Stable, unstable, and neutral equilibrium, instability

ƒƒ Velocity equations: change in position over time, graph of displace- hh Determining the CG, multiple suspensions, center of mass
ment vs. time, instantaneous velocity ƒƒ Gravitational field, gravitational field strength
ƒƒ Acceleration:
hh Types of acceleration: average, uniform, variable
Concurrent Forces
hh Force as a vector:
ƒƒ Acceleration equations:
ƒƒ Free-body diagram, principle of transmissibility, tension
hh Graph of velocity vs. time, instantaneous acceleration, decelera-
tion hh Center of gravity, friction, translational equilibrium, equilibrant

hh Horizontal motion: final velocity, average velocity, displacement, hh Force problems:

common equations hh Friction, level surfaces, angled forces, inclined plane

ƒƒ Vertical motion: hh Load-bearing structures

hh Free-fall acceleration, effect of air resistance, terminal velocity

Circular & Periodic Motion
Vectors & Projectile Motion hh Uniform circular motion:

ƒƒ Introduction to vectors: hh Centripetal acceleration: rate of, centripetal force, centrifugal

ƒƒ Vector properties force, roadway and railway curves

hh Parallel, antiparallel, collinear, perpendicular hh Periodic motion:

hh Skewed, vector diagram, concurrent vectors hh Motion of a spring:

ƒƒ Resultant hh Spring constant, equilibrium, oscillatory motion

ƒƒ Vector composition of collinear vectors hh Period, amplitude, frequency, simple harmonic motion

ƒƒ Vector composition of perpendicular vectors: ƒƒ Motion of a pendulum: laws of a pendulum, physical pendulum
hh Parallelogram method ƒƒ Resonance: natural frequency, resonance
ƒƒ Pythagorean method:
ƒƒ Magnitude
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SCIENCE: Physics cont.
Work & Machines hh Parallel forces:

ƒƒ Work: hh Effects of parallel forces on rotating body

ƒƒ Scientific definition, work and force, basic work equation hh Effects of static equilibrium: translational equilibrium, rotational
equilibrium
ƒƒ Units of work, scalar quantity
hh Applied at an angle Heat
hh Concurrent applied forces ƒƒ Thermometry:
ƒƒ Negative work, net work, work and potential energy ƒƒ Thermal equilibrium
ƒƒ Power: watt, horsepower, defining work in terms of power ƒƒ Constructing a temperature scale:
ƒƒ Simple machines: ƒƒ Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin scales
ƒƒ Lever: hh Triple point, absolute scale
hh Law of levers, load ƒƒ Converting among temperature scales
ƒƒ Input force, output force, input distance, output distance ƒƒ Thermal expansion:
ƒƒ Input lever arm, output lever arm, input work, output work ƒƒ Effects of heating a solid: linear, area, and volume expansion
ƒƒ Mechanical advantage, classes of levers ƒƒ Liquid expansion
ƒƒ Inclined plane, wedge, and screw; pulley: block and tackle; wheel ƒƒ Heat exchange:
and axle ƒƒ Caloric theory
ƒƒ Efficiency ƒƒ Units of heat
ƒƒ Law of heat exchange:
Energy & Momentum
ƒƒ Heat capacity
ƒƒ Energy:
ƒƒ Specific heat
ƒƒ Kinetic energy:
ƒƒ Phase changes: melting, freezing, exothermic, heat of vaporization,
ƒƒ Kinetic energy equation, work and kinetic energy, relative
condensation, calorimeter, calorimetry
contributions of mass and velocity
ƒƒ Heat transfer:
ƒƒ Potential energy:
hh Heat conduction, thermal conductor, thermal conductivity
ƒƒ Gravitational, elastic force
hh Thermal insulator, heat flow
hh Conservative forces: nonconservative force, dissipative force
ƒƒ Conduction, convection, radiation
ƒƒ Conservation of energy:
hh Mechanical energy Laws of Thermodynamics
hh Law of conservation of mechanical energy ƒƒ First Law of Thermodynamics:
ƒƒ Law of conservation of energy ƒƒ Internal energy:
ƒƒ Momentum: ƒƒ System, surroundings
hh Original formulation of Newton’s second law: hh Closed system, open system, isolated system
hh Two useful interpretations ƒƒ Equilibrium, internal energy, thermal energy
ƒƒ Law of conservation of momentum ƒƒ Mechanical equivalent of heat
hh Colliding objects: ƒƒ Thermodynamics
hh Elastic and inelastic collisions, elastic one-dimensional collisions hh Internal energy equation
hh Completely inelastic one-dimensional collisions hh Qualitative explanation of adiabatic processes, isothermal
hh Impulse ƒƒ Ideal gas law:
hh Reversible and irreversible processes
Rotary Motion: Angular, Circular & Rotary Motion ƒƒ Second Law of Thermodynamics:
hh Angular velocity and angular acceleration:
ƒƒ Entropy:
hh Arc length, rim speed, radians
hh Quantitative definition
hh Rotary motion:
ƒƒ Tendency to minimum energy and maximum entropy
hh Angular displacement, angular velocity, and angular accelera-
hh Other formulations of the second law
tion
hh Cause of ordered complexity
hh Basic equations for rotary motion, linear motion and angular
motion ƒƒ Evolution and the second law of thermodynamics: evolution’s
­challenge to science
hh Radian measure for circular motion
hh Zeroth and Third Laws of Thermodynamics: thermal equilibrium
hh Rotational inertia: experimental study of, equation for, I for various
bodies Waves
hh Torque: ƒƒ Transverse waves:
hh Law of torque: radius of a force ƒƒ Wave pulse, crest, trough
hh Work, power, kinetic energy, and momentum: hh Elastic medium
hh Total kinetic energy of moving body ƒƒ Energy transport
hh Conservation of energy in rotary motion ƒƒ Wave properties:
hh Conservation of angular momentum ƒƒ Simple harmonic motion, sinusoidal, periodic
hh Flywheels ƒƒ Frequency, period, speed, wavelength, amplitude
hh Angular momentum as a vector: hh Wave classification:
hh Right-hand rule hh One-, two-, and three-dimensional waves
hh Gyroscope hh Interface, wavefront, ray; straight, spherical, and plane waves

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SCIENCE: Physics cont.
Waves cont. ƒƒ Additive mixing, primary colors
ƒƒ Longitudinal waves: hh Secondary and complementary colors

ƒƒ Compression pulse, rarefaction pulse, longitudinal waves ƒƒ Objects’ colors:

hh Sinusoidal character of longitudinal waves ƒƒ Surface color
ƒƒ Water waves, sound waves hh Transparent, translucent, opaque, color filters, hue, pure color,
brightness
ƒƒ Boundary effects:
ƒƒ Pigment mixing:
ƒƒ Reflection:
ƒƒ Subtractive mixing, subtractive primaries
ƒƒ Angle of incidence, angle of reflection, law of reflection, reflec-
tion of sound, sonar hh Subtractive secondaries

ƒƒ Refraction: of sound waves Reflection of Light

ƒƒ Diffraction: of sound waves ƒƒ Laws of reflection:
ƒƒ Superposition: hh Absorbed, scattered, transmitted, reflected, reflectance, specular
hh Composite wave trains and diffuse reflection
ƒƒ Constructive and destructive interference ƒƒ First law of reflection
hh Standing wave train, standing wave: hh Second law of reflection
ƒƒ Node, antinode, loop, envelope of oscillation hh Mirror images:

Sound hh Plane mirrors: virtual and real images, right-angled mirror, double

ƒƒ Nature of sound: mirror

ƒƒ Graphical representation of sound waves: ƒƒ Concave mirrors:
hh Displacement and pressure wave trains ƒƒ Spherical mirrors, concave, convex
ƒƒ Speed of sound: hh Vertex, center of curvature, principal axis

hh Hardness hh Secondary axis, radius of curvature, aperture, point source

ƒƒ Density, temperature, effect of air temperature hh Focal point, focal length, focal plane, ray diagram

ƒƒ Doppler effect: hh Principal rays: central, parallel, and focal rays; real and virtual image

hh General Doppler equation hh Convex mirrors: spherical aberration

ƒƒ Sonic booms, supersonic speed, shock wave hh Parabolic mirrors

ƒƒ Characteristics of sound: hh Mirror equation:

ƒƒ Intensity: hh Establishing the mirror equation: geometric relationships,

­important sign conventions
hh Threshold of hearing, quantitative treatment, amplifying
hh Lateral magnification: comparing heights, important references
ƒƒ Loudness:
hh Nonlinear receiver, relative intensity, quantitative treatment Refraction of Light
ƒƒ Decibel ƒƒ Laws of refraction:
ƒƒ Pitch: hh Optical density
hh Sonic spectrum, mean free path, audio spectrum ƒƒ Refraction
ƒƒ Infrasonic and ultrasonic waves hh Refractive index, refractometer
hh Cavitation hh First law of refraction: angle of incidence, angle of refraction
hh Ear’s nonlinear response to frequency hh Second law of refraction: principle of reversibility

Nature of Light ƒƒ Refraction effects: mirage

ƒƒ Early light theories: hh Total internal reflection: critical angle

hh Ancient contributions, camera obscura, rectilinear propagation ƒƒ Lenses:

ƒƒ Huygens’ theory ƒƒ Convex and concave lenses
ƒƒ Newton’s theory: hh Planar lenses, sign convention, focal length of lens

hh Corpuscles hh Converging lenses:

hh Young’s demonstration, Herschel’s discovery hh Principal axis, principal focal point, optical center, focal length

ƒƒ Infrared rays hh Secondary focal point, converging images, ray diagrams

ƒƒ Maxwell’s theory, electromagnetic waves, photons, wave-particle hh Optical plane; parallel, central, and focal rays
duality hh Diverging lenses
ƒƒ Electromagnetic spectrum: hh Lensmaker equation
ƒƒ Nature of an electromagnetic wave: range of wavelengths, elec- hh Thin lens equation:
tromagnetic spectrum, Planck’s constant hh Lateral magnification: lens combinations, corrective lenses
ƒƒ Regions within the electromagnetic spectrum: visible light, infra- hh Myopia, hyperopia, power of a lens
red, ultraviolet
ƒƒ Color: Wave Optics
ƒƒ Spectrum of visible light: ƒƒ Interference:
ƒƒ ROY G. BV ƒƒ In phase, out of phase, antinode, node
hh Solar spectrum hh Newton’s rings: fringes, cause of, optically flat

ƒƒ Monochromatic, composite light ƒƒ Interference fringes in soap film:

ƒƒ Light mixing:

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SCIENCE: Physics cont.
Wave Optics cont. hh Magnetic induction

hh Monochromatic and color fringes ƒƒ Permeability

ƒƒ Iridescence ƒƒ Magnetic moment:
ƒƒ Diffraction: ƒƒ Spin magnet, orbital magnets, domain theory
ƒƒ Obstacle diffraction: umbra, penumbra hh Saturation

ƒƒ Single-slit diffraction: diffraction fringes, antinode, node, fringe ƒƒ Diamagnetic, paramagnetic, ferromagnetic
formation ƒƒ Electromagnets:
hh Multiple-slit diffraction: double slits, coherent light, triple slits, ƒƒ Conventional current
zeroth-order maximum, first-order maximum, second-order ƒƒ Oersted’s discovery
maximum hh Ampere’s right-hand rule
ƒƒ Diffraction gratings: ƒƒ Solenoid
hh Diffraction angle, grating constant, reflection grating, transmis- hh Magnetic force: two loops or two solenoids, two parallel conductors,
sion grating, phase gratings ampere, coulomb, force of a straight conductor
ƒƒ Dispersion: hh Defining magnetic induction:
ƒƒ Dispersion of white light: hh Direction of magnetic force: three-finger rules
ƒƒ By a prism hh Force on a moving charge
hh By diffracting grating hh Magnetic flux: flux density
hh Chromatic aberration
ƒƒ Rainbows: Current Generation
ƒƒ Formation, primary bow, secondary bow ƒƒ Electromagnetic induction:
hh Supernumerary bows, miniature bows, lunar bow
ƒƒ Current in a moving conducting loop:
hh Right-handed three-finger rule, magnetic flux
ƒƒ Polarization: unpolarized, polarized, by selective absorption, by
reflection ƒƒ Electromagnetic induction
hh Scattering, structural colors hh Different motions in a magnetic field
ƒƒ Galvanometer
Electrostatics ƒƒ Discovery of electromagnetic induction:
ƒƒ Charge: hh Law of induction
ƒƒ Static electricity: discharge, law of electric charges, neutralized hh Lenz’s law: direction of current
ƒƒ Charge carriers: ƒƒ Electric generators:
ƒƒ Anion, cation ƒƒ Simple AC generators: armature, slip rings, brushes, alternating
ƒƒ Current in gases, liquids, and solids current, AC frequency
ƒƒ Conductors, delocalized electrons, insulators, semiconductors ƒƒ Simple DC generators: direct current, commutator
ƒƒ Transfer of charge: conduction, induction, grounded, electroscope hh Complex generators: rotor, stator, prime mover, three-phase current
ƒƒ Coulomb’s law: ƒƒ Motors:
ƒƒ Law of electric force, coulomb hh Motor effect: electric motor, torque, torque arm, two-pole motor
hh Microcoulombs, permittivity hh Energy losses: hysteresis, eddy currents
ƒƒ Comparing gravitation and electric force, charge conservation ƒƒ Electrochemical cells:
ƒƒ Electric fields: ƒƒ Current production: electrodes, electrolyte, salt bridge, load,
hh Electric field strength: first formulation, second formulation anode, cathode, electromotive force
ƒƒ Electric field maps: ƒƒ Batteries: cells in series and in parallel
ƒƒ Lines of force ƒƒ Thermoelectricity:
ƒƒ Uniform field hh Seebeck effect: thermocouple, Seebeck voltage and effect
hh Electric potential: hh Peltier effect
hh Electric potential energy vs. electric potential ƒƒ Piezoelectricity:
hh Potential difference hh Piezoelectric effect and devices
hh Potential gradient: GPE, EPE
hh Distribution of free electrons: corona discharge, equipotential
Electric Circuits
­surface, equipotential lines ƒƒ Resistance:
ƒƒ Defining resistance
Magnetism hh Resistance in a conductor
ƒƒ Magnetic materials: hh Ohmic, nonohmic, resistivity
ƒƒ Dipolarity: magnetite, lodestone, north pole, south pole, dipolar, ƒƒ Rheostat
monopoles, law of magnetic poles ƒƒ Nichrome
ƒƒ Making magnets: ƒƒ Insulators, semiconductor, conductor, superconductivity
ƒƒ Magnetization, contact, induction, demagnetization, keeper, ƒƒ Ohm’s Law:
temporary vs. permanent magnets
ƒƒ Elements of a circuit: current source, conventional current
hh Permalloy, alnico
ƒƒ Circuits with a single resistance: Ohm’s law
ƒƒ Coulomb’s law of magnetic force
ƒƒ IR drop: voltage, energy transactions
ƒƒ Magnetic fields:
ƒƒ Quantitative treatment of equivalent resistance:
ƒƒ Mapping a magnetic field, lines of flux
ƒƒ Series and parallel resistors
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SCIENCE: Physics cont.
Electric Circuits cont. ƒƒ Incandescence
ƒƒ Rules for resistances in series hh Radiancy

ƒƒ Equivalent parallel resistance, rules for resistance in parallel hh Stefan-Boltzmann law, Wien’s law

ƒƒ Complex circuits: ƒƒ Quanta: Planck, quantum theory

hh Networks ƒƒ Photons:
ƒƒ Circuit resistance and current: ƒƒ Photoelectric effect:
ƒƒ Open circuit hh Photoelectrons, work function

hh Open-circuit voltage hh Saturation potential, stopping potential

ƒƒ Closed circuit hh Threshold frequency, Eistein’s hypothesis, Compton effect

hh Closed-circuit voltage ƒƒ Matter waves:

ƒƒ Short circuit hh Momentum of light

hh Measuring electricity: multimeter, galvanometer, ammeter, ƒƒ De Broglie’s equation, matter waves

voltmeter, ohmmeter hh Wave-particle duality, complementarity

hh Kirchhoff’s Laws: first law, junctions, principle of charge conservation, ƒƒ Quantum numbers:
second law ƒƒ Pauli exclusion principle, orbital
Electrical Devices ƒƒ Principal, subshell, magnetic, and spin quantum numbers
hh Angular momentum
ƒƒ Electrical work:
ƒƒ Work and heat: ƒƒ Spectral lines:
hh Calculation of joule heat
ƒƒ Line emission spectra:
ƒƒ Work and power: ƒƒ Line absorption spectrum, emission spectra and classical theory,
quantized, ground and excited states
hh Three equations for electric power
hh Quantitative relationships between wavelength, energy, and
ƒƒ Energy consumption
quantum numbers
ƒƒ Effective values of current and voltage: house current, in phase
ƒƒ Wave mechanics:
ƒƒ Capacitor:
ƒƒ Wave mechanical model, wave function
hh Calculating capacitance: farad, dielectric, dielectric constant,
­permittivity of free space, dielectric strength ƒƒ Uncertainty principle:
hh Mathematical formulation, philosophical i­mplications
hh Capacitor combinations: parallel and series capacitors
hh Inductance: single loop, self-induced emf, coil, self-inductance, Relativity
­inductor, mutual inductance ƒƒ Speed of light:
hh Inductor combinations: series and parallel inductors, series-aiding hh Galileo’s, Rømer’s, and Michelson’s methods; ether, interfe­rometer
and series-opposing combinations ƒƒ Theories of relativity:
ƒƒ Transformers:
hh Physical absolutes, relativism:
hh Transformer equation
ƒƒ Special relativity:
ƒƒ Step-up and step-down transformers
ƒƒ Five applications, rest mass, time dilation, length contraction
hh Efficiency
hh Quantitative aspects
Advanced Physics Concepts ƒƒ General relativity: its effects, conclusion
ƒƒ Quantum theory:
ƒƒ Blackbody radiation:

BIBLE: Genesis (one semester)

Genesis—First Things introduces the student to the fascinating record of God’s Evaluation
Creation and the beginning of Israel, His chosen nation. Relevant topics such as mar- ƒƒ Verses:
riage, government, and the sanctity of life are addressed from a Christian perspec-
ƒƒ Verse quizzes (14)
tive through the stories of Genesis. This course imparts practical application and
ƒƒ 9-weeks verses exam (1)
proposes many thought-provoking questions that encourage a student to think
biblically and develop a Christian worldview. Memory passages have been selected ƒƒ Final verses exam (1)
to correlate with the topics discussed and help the student become grounded in the ƒƒ Content:
Word of God. ƒƒ Content quizzes (6)
ƒƒ 9-weeks content exam (1)
 RED indicates first introduction of content. ƒƒ Final content exam (1)

Lessons 69 ƒƒ Beginning of marriage and family:

hh About Genesis: ƒƒ Perfect marriage
hh The inspiration of the sacred Scriptures ƒƒ Adam’s Fall
hh The Bible and scientific discoveries ƒƒ Cain, Abel, and Seth
ƒƒ Creation and the nature of man: hh Earth’s great catastrophe and its effect on man:

ƒƒ Man is the crown jewel of creation ƒƒ Noah prepares the ark

hh Man’s practice of paganism hh After the Flood:

ƒƒ Man’s dominion of the earth hh Atmospheric changes

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BIBLE: Genesis cont.
Lessons cont. Music 40 songs
hh Civil government mandate ƒƒ Hymns of the faith, holiday songs
ƒƒ Nations begin to form: Memory Work
ƒƒ Tower of Babel ƒƒ Passages (14 containing 47 verses)
hh Origin of nations
ƒƒ Beginning of Israel: journeys of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and Joseph
Prayer Time
ƒƒ Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us

BIBLE: Book of the Revelation (one semester)

Using the seven churches of Asia Minor as an outline of church history, Book of the Revela- Evaluation
tion chronicles the life of the church from the apostolic church of the first century to the ƒƒ Verses:
Laodicean church of the twentieth century. The text focuses particularly on godly men
ƒƒ Verse quizzes (13)
and women who allowed themselves to be used by God. This gives students a greater
ƒƒ 9-weeks verses exam (1)
appreciation for their Christian heritage and provides them with good role models such as
John Wycliffe, George Whitefield, David Livingstone, Fanny Crosby, and Billy Sunday. Book ƒƒ Final verses exam (1)
of the Revelation continues with a look at the future events revealed to John on the isle ƒƒ Content:
of Patmos. The prophecies of Revelation are clearly explained to help students develop a ƒƒ Content quizzes (15)
greater desire for the Lord’s return and to encourage them to watch and be ready. ƒƒ Test (1)
ƒƒ Final content exam (1)
 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Lessons 69 hh Things to come:

hh Church history: hh Rapture of the Church:

hh Ephesus: seven periods of church history hh Why we believe the Rapture occurs before the Tribulation

hh Smyrna: some famous martyrs hh Throne of God and Six Seal Judgments:

hh Pergamos: hh The First Parenthesis: 144,000 Jewish Evangelists

hh Emperor Constantine hh Seventh Seal is opened:

hh Arian and Augustine and the Pelagian controversies hh Six Trumpet Judgments

hh Doctrine of Balaam weakens the believers hh The Second Parenthesis:

hh Doctrine of the Nicolaitans gets a stronghold hh Mighty angel

hh The spread of the Gospel to Africa and Ireland hh Bitter-sweet book

hh Thyatira: hh Measuring rod

hh Rise of the Papacy hh Two faithful witnesses

hh Doctrines of men hh Third Parenthesis:

hh Long line of popes hh Antichrist and False Prophets:

hh Reactions and divisions: hh Great Dragon persecutes Israel

hh Mohammed and Islam hh Winepress of God’s Wrath

hh Eastern Catholics break with the Roman Church hh 7th Trumpet:

hh Sardis: hh Seven last plagues

hh The English Reformation hh The Great Day of the Lord’s Wrath

hh State churches and denominations hh Babylon and its fall

hh Separatists and pilgrims hh Second Coming of Christ: to judge and make war

hh Philadelphia: hh Christ’s Millennial Reign and Satan’s Doom:

hh Pietists and Moravians hh Resurrection of the saved and the lost

hh Great Awakening circuit riding preachers and camp meetings hh Great White Throne Judgment

hh America’s Second Great Awakening hh The New Jerusalem

hh Victorian Era
Music 42 songs
hh Heroes of the faith in the 1800s
ƒƒ Hymns of the faith, choruses
hh Satan’s response to the Philadelphia Church:
hh The rise of false philosophies and cults Memory Work
hh How we should respond when encountering a cult ƒƒ Passages (19 containing 53 verses)
hh Laodicea:
Prayer Time
hh Revival fires in the first half of the 20th Century: Satan counter-
ƒƒ Learn to pray for each other, our nation, those in authority over us
moves with Neo-orthodoxy
hh The Laodicean Church in the last half of the 20th Century:
hh History of New Evangelicalism
hh Social revolution in the 1960s and ’70s
hh Progressive Education and Materialism impact the Laodicean
Church
210
 ELECTIVES

Spanish 1 Grades 7–12

The four basic steps in learning any language are study, memoriza- Application
tion, practice, and application. This course utilizes all four of these ƒƒ Vocabulary exercises to master each vocabu-
steps. The text Por todo el mundo is designed to enable the student lary lesson:
to speak, understand, read, and write the basic Spanish he would ƒƒ Conversation, reading, songs, interviews
need to know in most everyday situations. Memorization of Bible
ƒƒ Oral Bible story translations, oral reports
verses in Spanish is also a major part of the course.
ƒƒ Dramas, letters, written reports
The Vocabulary Manual provides a first-year student with a logi- ƒƒ Spanish hymns (75)
cal, step-by-step introduction to the most common Spanish words
and expressions. They apply this knowledge as they participate in Evaluation
conversations, read assigned material, sing songs, translate Bible ƒƒ Memorize 35 verses in Spanish (witnessing tool)
stories orally, give oral reports, perform dramas, and write letters ƒƒ Weekly vocabulary quizzes (33)
and reports. ƒƒ Grammar and reading quizzes recommended
ƒƒ Written tests (12)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Pronunciation hh Adjectives:

hh Introduction to Spanish alphabet, vowel and consonant sounds
hh Constant review of sounds, intonation, stress, and punctuation
Grammar
hh Descriptive, types and forms, ending in E and in a consonant,
preceding a noun, double adjectives, adjective expressions before
infinitives
hh Possessive: before plural nouns

hh Spanish alphabet: vowels, consonants hh Demonstrative

hh Names, introductory conversations hh Summary of types, of nationality, Ser and Estar before adjectives

hh Nouns: hh Comparison: with Tan…Como

hh Gender hh Ser and Estar: comparison, before adjectives, describing inanimate

hh Plural: the and a (an) before plural nouns objects

hh Articles: hh And, or, but, contraction of DE and EL, the personal you, telling time,

hh Definite: el/la
the date, combining sentences, indefinite and negative words
hh Indefinite: a Vocabulary Topics
hh Statements and questions: hh Introductory expressions: greetings, introductions and farewells,
hh With ES, ESTA, transitive verbs, pronouns, descriptive adjectives, questions and answers, favors and courtesies
helping verbs hh School: people, things, requests, days, numbers 1–30, places, in the
hh In past tense with helping verbs, irregular helping verbs classroom, times, courses, months, actions, activities
hh Comparisons: ES versus ESTA, Saber versus Conocer, Ser versus hh Clothing: type and style, color, shopping, quality and size, quantity
Estar, Por versus Para, of quantity and measurement, price
hh Prepositions: hh -ER verbs, -IR verbs
hh De and a hh The family: personal characteristics, physical appearance, personal
hh Before infinitives: in past tense history
hh Pronouns as objects of prepositions hh Home:
hh Pronouns: hh The house: characteristics and conditions, construction, furniture,
hh Subject, asking and answering questions, relative pronoun Que prepositions of place, pastimes, housework
hh Direct object pronouns: before the verb hh Food:

hh Use of object pronouns, asking questions in past tense sentences, hh The meal, table service, beverages, meat, vegetables, fruit
double object, as object of prepositions hh Condiments, breakfast, lunch, dinner, dessert, in the restaurant
hh Verbs: hh Creation:
hh Transitive verbs, verb endings, personal endings for Spanish -AR verbs hh The universe, the world, animals
hh Irregular hh Man: the head, the body
hh Helping, -ER and -IR verbs hh Health: What’s wrong with you?, health and the mind, religion and
hh Regular: -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs worship
hh Infinitives: hh Vacation: recreation and relaxation

hh Adjective expressions before infinitives hh Travel and sightseeing, transportation, departure date, directions,

hh Prepositions before infinitives: in past tense

distance
hh In the city: important buildings and places
hh Tenses:
hh Present
hh Past: regular -AR, -ER, and -IR verbs; stem changing -IR verbs;
questions with pronouns; combining sentences

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Spanish 2 Grades 7–12

The Spanish 2 program is designed to improve the students’ ability to speak, understand, read, and write basic
Spanish in most everyday situations, with a strong emphasis on witnessing for Christ. A Bible memory verse for
each week, practice lessons from the life of Christ, and a strong missionary emphasis make this course unique.
The other applications of these skills include writing Bible stories, performing create-a-scenes and situation act-outs,
storytelling, taking part in discussion and debate, anecdote and questions, and giving their testimony.
The text Más que vencedores briefly reviews basic Spanish 1 grammar and then introduces new grammar. The goal
of Spanish 2 is to enable the student to speak the language with a real working knowledge of it. Cultural readings of
Spain and Latin America are featured.
The Vocabulary Manual briefly reviews the basic words and expressions learned in Spanish 1, and then introduces new
expressions and words. The Spanish 2 student will find the vocabulary manual a helpful tool in writing compositions.

Application
ƒƒ Vocabulary exercises to master
each vocabulary lesson:
ƒƒ Conversations, cultural readings
ƒƒ Stories from the life of Christ (a
witnessing tool)
ƒƒ Written reports, interviews
ƒƒ Oral Bible story translations,
written Bible story translations
Evaluation
ƒƒ Create-a-scene, situation act-outs, ƒƒ Memorize 32 verses in Spanish
dictation, storytelling (witnessing tool)
ƒƒ Discussion and debate, anecdote ƒƒ Weekly vocabulary quizzes
and questions (30)
ƒƒ Testimony, oral report, enrichment ƒƒ Grammar and reading quizzes
activities recommended
ƒƒ Written tests (12)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar ƒƒ Adjectives:
ƒƒ Tenses ƒƒ Descriptive before the noun
ƒƒ Present tense: hh Absolute superlative, “true superlative”

ƒƒ Verb forms and structures hh Forming adverbs from adjectives, diminutives

hh Present perfect: irregular forms hh Adverbs: forming adverbs from adjectives, comparative and superla-
tive
hh Present progressive: overview, forms, structure, irregular forms
ƒƒ Contrasts:
ƒƒ Past tense
hh Concepts and structures, direct and indirect object pronouns
ƒƒ Forms and structures, irregular verbs
hh Preterite and imperfect
hh Customary action, true passive
ƒƒ Por and Para
hh Imperfect: irregular forms, states of mind and being, with ongoing
states ƒƒ Passive action (with Ser) and state of being (with Estar)
hh Future: overview, endings, irregular forms, in indirect questions and hh Subjunctive and indicative moods

statements, with If clauses hh Nominalization: modification structures, demonstrative pronouns,

hh Conditional: overview, endings, irregular forms, with unreal If possessive pronouns

clauses hh Questions:

hh Progressive of tenses hh Compound interrogatives: indirect questions

ƒƒ Nouns: hh Indefinite and negative words

ƒƒ Related forms and structures hh Gustar: to be pleasing, indirect objects with Gustar, similar verbs

hh Diminutives hh Joining sentences with words similar to Cuando, infinitive construc-

ƒƒ Verbs: tions
ƒƒ Irregular verbs: past tense, commands hh Commands:

hh Passive voice: true passive, passive action hh With irregular verbs

hh Subjunctive mood: hh Indirect: subjunctive mood

hh After expressions of emotion and expressions of doubt and

Vocabulary Topics
denial
ƒƒ Spanish 1 Vocabulary Review
hh Subjunctive mood vs. indicative mood
ƒƒ In the city:
hh After joining words and relative pronouns
ƒƒ Important buildings and places
ƒƒ Pronouns:
hh Businesses, merchants
hh Indirect objects, contrast of direct and indirect object pronouns
hh Directions, distance, on a trip, departure time
ƒƒ Double object
hh Communication: mail, telephone
hh Reflexive object: to convey action done to oneself, reciprocal
ƒƒ School: back to school, class activities
action, bodily movements, and the assumption of bodily positions
hh Sports: contest elements, sports activities and skills
hh Relative and compound relative

Spanish 2 cont. p. 213

212
 ELECTIVES
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Spanish 2 cont.
Vocabulary Topics cont. hh Cooking, recipes, measurements and quantities

hh Jewelry and personal effects, fabric, toilet accessories, personal hh Miscellaneous topics:

hygiene, getting ready hh Money and finances

ƒƒ Clothing, shopping hh Prepositions and adverbs of place

hh Personal relations: attitudes, actions hh In the garden, on the farm, at the seaside (beach)

hh Posture, movement of body parts, adjectives describing events and hh Important days, logic and reasoning
situations, verbs of becoming hh The church, state and government
hh In the kitchen: hh The arts, artists, works of art, artistic skills, construction materials,
hh Stove and sink, utensils and appliances shapes and textures

French 1 Grades 7–12

Nouveaux Chemins is designed to give students the skills Application
to speak, understand, read, and write basic French in most ƒƒ Vocabulary exercises to master each vocabulary
everyday situations, with a strong emphasis on witnessing for lesson:
Christ. Memorization of Bible verses in French is a major part ƒƒ Reading, word formation, songs, interviews
of this course.
ƒƒ Oral Bible story translations
The vocabulary exercises aid the students in reading French ƒƒ Compositions, oral reports, dramas
writings, forming French words, singing songs, conducting
interviews, translating Bible stories orally, writing composi- Evaluation
tions, giving oral reports, and performing dramas all in French. ƒƒ Memorize 35 verses in French (witnessing tool)
ƒƒ Weekly vocabulary quizzes (33)
ƒƒ Grammar and reading quizzes recommended
ƒƒ Written tests (10)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Pronunciation hh Questions:

hh Introduction to the French alphabet and vowel sounds hh Answering questions with pronoun subjects

hh Consistent review of sounds, intonation, stress, and rhythm hh With tag pronouns in past tense
hh Indirect questions in past tense
Grammar hh Personal you
hh Nouns: plural, articles before plural nouns hh Adjectives: placement, gender/number agreement, preceding a
hh Gender noun, doubling their final consonant, expressions before the infini-
hh Articles: definite, indefinite, before plural nouns tive, irregular, possessive, demonstrative
hh Statements and questions hh French words: Avoir, Aller, Il y a, Être, Savoir, Devoir, Voir, Croire,

hh And, or, but Vouloir, Pouvoir, Offrir, Souffrir, Ouvrir, Couvrir, Découvrir, Pendre,
hh Prepositions
Comprendre, Apprendre, Surprendre, Lire, Dire, Écrire, Faire, Mettre,
Connaître, Paraître, Boire, Recevoir, Dormir, Sortir, Partir, Servir, and
hh Contraction of de + article Courir, Venir, Tenir, Vivre, Suivre
hh The date
hh Telling time, combining sentences
hh Pronouns:
hh Adverbs: adverbial phrases, placement in past tense sentences
hh Subject, relative
hh Commands
hh Direct object, double object, objects of preposition
hh Indefinite and negative words
hh Neuter demonstrative
hh Comparisons
hh Verbs:
hh Partitive article
hh Transitive, verb endings, taking infinitive complements
hh With spelling changes, passé composé of regular verbs Vocabulary Topics
hh Infinitives hh Introductory expressions:
hh Irregular past participles hh Greetings, introductions and farewells
hh Present and past tenses: hh Questions and answers, favors and courtesies
hh Combining and expanding sentences, adverb placement hh School:
hh Negative words in past-tense constructions hh People, things, requests, days of the week, numbers 1–30
hh In the classroom, courses, subjects, weather, months, holidays
hh Desires, actions, and activities

French 1 cont. p. 214

213
ELECTIVES
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
French 1 cont.
Vocabulary Topics cont. hh Food: meal/table service, food, menu, beverages and desserts

hh Clothing: men’s, women’s, fashion, color, shopping, quality and size, hh Recreation: vacation/recreation and relaxation, travel and sightsee-

choice, quantity, measurement, price ing, transportation, departure time

hh -Ir verbs: the family, personal characteristics, physical appearance hh Worship: religion and worship

hh -Re verbs: hh Body and health: parts of the body, health and the mind, state of
mind
hh Adverbial phrases (point in time), curriculum vitae
hh Creation: the universe, the world, animals
hh Place of residence and work, professions and trades (optional)
hh The city: important buildings, important places, businesses, mer-
hh Home:
chants, directions, distance
hh The house: rooms, architecture, inside and outside, characteristics,
condition
hh Furniture, prepositions of place, pastimes, time, gardening, house-
work

French 2 Grades 7–12

Langue et Louange briefly reviews basic French 1 grammar and then introduces new grammar. The goal
of French 2 is to enable the student to have a real working knowledge of French. Cultural readings are
featured in this text.
The application of these skills include reading and answering questions; writing compositions; conducting
interviews; performing create-a-scenes and situation act-outs; telling stories; participating in discussions,
debates, anecdotes, and questions; and being prepared to give a testimony for Christ.

Application Evaluation
ƒƒ Vocabulary exercises to master each vocabulary lesson: ƒƒ Memorize 30 verses in French (witnessing tool)
ƒƒ Reading and questions, composition, interviews ƒƒ Weekly vocabulary quizzes (28)
ƒƒ Oral Bible story translation ƒƒ Grammar and reading quizzes recommended
ƒƒ Create-a-scene, situation act-outs, dictation, storytelling ƒƒ Written tests (12)
ƒƒ Discussion and debate, anecdote and questions
ƒƒ Testimony, oral report, enrichment activities

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Grammar ƒƒ Pronouns:
ƒƒ Tenses: ƒƒ Double object
ƒƒ Present: forms and structures hh Indirect object, direct versus indirect object

ƒƒ Past: forms and structures, customary action in the past ƒƒ Demonstrative

hh Imperfect: hh Interrogative

hh Imperfect versus the Passé Composé hh Reflexive object:

hh Irregular forms of imperfect tense hh To convey action done to oneself

hh With states of mind and being hh The assumption of bodily positions

hh To report a state of affairs hh Reciprocal action, the process of becoming

hh Future: hh Possessive, the pronoun En, compound relative

hh Irregular forms, in indirect statements, with If clauses hh The pronoun Y: adverbial, indirect

hh Combining and expanding sentences hh The order of object pronouns

hh Conditional: irregular forms, with hypothetical If clauses hh Interrogative

ƒƒ Nouns: forms and structures hh Order of pronouns with commands

ƒƒ Verbs: hh Questions: compound interrogatives, indirect with compound inter-

rogatives
ƒƒ Taking Être as a helping verb in the Passé Composé
ƒƒ Adjectives:
hh Reflexive verbs in the Passé Composé
ƒƒ Descriptive adjectives before the noun
hh Of perception before the infinitive
hh Superlative form of adjectives
hh Subjunctive mood:
hh Forming adverbs from adjectives
hh In indirect commands, after expressions of emotion
hh Tu commands
hh Irregular forms, after expressions of doubt and denial
hh Adverbs: forming from adjectives, comparative and superlative
hh After joining words, in relative clauses

French 2 cont. p. 215

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 ELECTIVES
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
French 2 cont.
Grammar cont. hh Jewelry and accessories, toiletries, general appearance, personal
hygiene
hh Joining sentences
ƒƒ Clothing, shopping
hh Expanding sentences
hh Personal relations: attitudes, actions
hh Causative constructions with Faire
hh Posture, movement of body parts
Vocabulary Topics hh In the kitchen: stove and sink, utensils and appliances, cooking,
ƒƒ Review of French 1 vocabulary recipes, measurements and quantities
ƒƒ The city: important buildings/places hh Miscellaneous topics:

ƒƒ Directions, distance, on a trip, departure time hh Money and finances

hh Communication: mail, telephone hh On the farm, at the seaside (beach)

ƒƒ School: back to school, class activities hh Time, logic and reasoning

hh Sports: What do you play?, Where does the game take place?, sports hh The church, state and government
skills hh Shapes and surfaces, the arts, artistic skills

MATHEMATICS: Consumer Mathematics

No student studying Consumer Mathematics is tempted to ask, Why do I have to learn this? No
other math course is as clearly related to knowledge and skills that are a must for every person.
Percents, proportions, fractions, decimals, word problem skills, and many other concepts are fun
to learn in the practical setting of buying a car, food, house, clothing, insurance, etc.
Consumer tips are given frequently, but most importantly, biblical principles are highlighted
throughout the text.
The accompanying workbook gives students the practice they need to master arithmetic skills
and completes the course.

Supplementary Exercises Evaluation

ƒƒ Analytical Skills Problem Solving Scenario ƒƒ Quizzes (35)
within each chapter ƒƒ Tests (8)
ƒƒ Skills and Review Exercises Workbook ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (2)
to be used simultaneously with the text for ƒƒ Semester exam, final exam
homework and review:
ƒƒ Skills development exercises (optional—12)
ƒƒ Daily practice exercises for maintenance
of basic mathematics skills
ƒƒ Unit and exam review exercises

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Buying a Car Travel

hh Cost of a car: warranty, trade-in, options, advertisements, taxes and ƒƒ Times zones: prime meridian, international date line
fees, registration and rates hh By train or bus, renting a car
hh Financing: installments, installment charge, carrying charge, con- hh Word problems
tract
hh Depreciation: average annual depreciation, rate of depreciation Income
ƒƒ Insurance: ƒƒ Hourly wages, straight time, overtime, time and a half, piecework
ƒƒ Liability wages
hh Bodily injury, property
ƒƒ Employers, employees
hh Time clocks
ƒƒ Collision, comprehensive
hh Incentive bonus
hh Deductible, premium
hh Maintenance and repair: owner’s manual, service manual, trunk
ƒƒ Tips, salary
essentials ƒƒ Commission: rate of commission, amount of sales
hh Annual operating cost hh Self-employment, fees

hh Leasing: ƒƒ Gross income, net income

hh Open-ended lease, closed-ended lease ƒƒ Deductions:
hh Lessee, lease agreement ƒƒ Federal income tax
hh Word problems hh Social security tax, FICA
ƒƒ Gross pay, net pay, take-home pay
hh Word problems

Consumer Mathematics cont. p. 216

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ELECTIVES

MATHEMATICS: Consumer Mathematics cont.

Budgeting ƒƒ Using calories
hh Time budget hh Balanced diet

ƒƒ Circle graph: steps in preparing, protractor hh Word problems

ƒƒ Household budget: Clothing

hh Itemizing to estimate expenses
hh Clothing plan
hh Balancing the budget, trial budget
hh Buying clothing by mail: shipping charges
hh Budget adjustments
hh Stretching the clothing budget: clothing quality, care
hh Standardized budgets
hh Sewing your own clothing
hh Disposable income
ƒƒ Buying clothing on sale:
hh Word problems
ƒƒ Discount
Housing hh List price

hh Renting versus buying: security deposit ƒƒ Rate of discount

ƒƒ Mortgage loans: hh Consumer price index for clothing

ƒƒ Principal, balance hh Price changes

hh Mortgage loan schedule ƒƒ Profit and loss in the clothing business:

ƒƒ Property tax ƒƒ Cost, selling price, gross profit, net profit, overhead, loss
hh Assessed value, market value ƒƒ Selected business formulas: gross profit, net profit, loss
hh Tax rate: as a percent, amount per $100, per $1,000, in mills hh Operating statement: net sales, gross profit, net profit

ƒƒ Homeowner’s insurance: hh Markup on cost, finding selling price based on markup on cost

hh Tenant’s policies hh Markup on retail price, finding cost based on markup on retail

hh Repairs and upkeep hh Manufacturer’s cost: wholesale price, total factory cost, factory
overhead, cost of a garment
hh Furnishing costs
hh Word problems
ƒƒ Purchasing electricity: kilowatt-hour, electric company rates, read-
ing the electric meter Leisure
ƒƒ Purchasing natural gas: gas meter, cubic foot, hundred cubic feet, hh Taking a vacation
natural gas rates
hh Shopping
hh Other utility expenses: water rates, wastewater rates
hh Enjoying the computer:
hh Telephone rates: local service, long distance
hh Program, programmer, microcomputer, history of, analog com-
hh Word problems
puters, digital computers
Food hh Bit, binary, conversions

hh Buying food hh Cooking:

hh Grocery shopping tips ƒƒ Recipes: conversions, adjustments

ƒƒ Reading graphs hh Reading books:

ƒƒ Unit price, using unit price ƒƒ Roman numerals in copyright

ƒƒ Conversion equivalents hh Church activities

hh Inflation hh Word problems

hh Consumer price index

Federal Taxes & Records
hh Cost of living:
hh Social security tax
hh Cities ranked by cost of groceries
ƒƒ Federal Insurance Contribution Act (FICA)
hh Range statistic
hh Medicare
ƒƒ Circle graph ƒƒ Federal income tax
ƒƒ The metric system: conversions ƒƒ Progressive tax
hh Restaurant eating: table service, fast food, chain, franchise,
hh W-4 form
­franchiser, eating-out tips, junk food
ƒƒ Exemptions, dependents
hh Food freezers
hh Withholding allowance
hh Saving food dollars: coupons
hh Income tax return:
hh Food labeling and nutrition
ƒƒ W-2 form
hh U.S. Food and Drug Administration
hh 1040 EZ, 1040A, 1040
hh Measuring calories:
hh Joint return, separate return
hh Calorie, kilocalorie
hh Head of household
hh Calorie need: based on age, on occupation
hh Calorie content of selected foods

Consumer Mathematics cont. p. 217

216
 ELECTIVES
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Consumer Mathematics cont.
Federal Taxes & Records cont. hh Interest paid on bonds: annual yield

ƒƒ State income tax: hh Proceeds from bonds:

hh Sample state tax rates hh Accrued interest

hh Cash records: hh Using a calculator

hh Audited ƒƒ Buying stock:

hh Cash receipt record, cash payment record hh Liquid money

hh Comparing receipts and payments: deficit ƒƒ Common stock, preferred stock, dividends, par value
hh Cash payment records hh No-par stock

hh Word problems ƒƒ Market price

hh Price to earnings ratio, net change
Banking hh The stockbroker:
ƒƒ Electronic transfer hh Round lots, odd lots
ƒƒ Demand deposit hh No-load stocks
ƒƒ NOW accounts, super-NOW accounts, money-market accounts ƒƒ Brokerage fees for stock
ƒƒ Depositor ƒƒ Dividends from stock:
ƒƒ Monthly service charge hh Cash dividends, stock dividends
ƒƒ Bank balance hh Capital gains and losses on sale of stock:
ƒƒ ATM, PIN hh Bull market, bear market
ƒƒ Deposit slips hh Capital gain, capital loss
ƒƒ Writing checks: hh Word problems
ƒƒ Check stubs, register
hh Overdraft Small Business
ƒƒ Reconciling the bank statement: hh Beginning a small business:

ƒƒ Canceled checks hh Entrepreneur

hh Outstanding checks hh Capital, owner capital, creditor capital

hh Borrowing money: hh Standard business ratio

hh Promissory note, signature loan, unsecured loan, collateral, hh Expenses, assets and liabilities, resources

secured loan hh Net worth

ƒƒ Interest: simple interest, principal, rate of interest, time hh Owner’s equity

ƒƒ Installment plans: finance charge, percent of interest hh Balance sheet:

ƒƒ Constant ratio formula hh Current assets, fixed assets

ƒƒ Credit cards: hh Current liabilities, fixed liabilities

hh Active, credit line hh Horizontal format

hh Savings account hh Balance

ƒƒ Compound interest: hh Ratio analysis: current ratio, quick ratio, acid-test ratio

hh Exponent, base hh Income statement:

hh Certificates of deposit, savings bonds, series EE savings bonds, hh Net profit, net loss
maturity date hh Percent analysis
hh Related bank services: safety deposit box, cashier’s check, ­certified hh Ratios related to sales:
check, traveler’s checks, debit card, online banking hh Average collection period
hh Word problems hh Inventory turnover
hh Average daily sales, annual sales
Investments
hh Payroll record: employees’ quarterly federal tax returns
ƒƒ Life insurance:
hh Break-even point analysis: fixed costs, variable costs
ƒƒ Rider, term insurance, lifetime insurance, endowment insurance
hh Trade discounts:
ƒƒ Straight life, limited payment life, premiums
hh List price, gross selling price
hh Life insurance benefits:
hh Chain discount
ƒƒ Cash value
hh Trade credit: percent of discount, discount period, net, credit period,
hh Borrowing, extended term, accelerated death benefit, dividend
invoice dates, E.O.M
hh Life insurance settlement options:
ƒƒ Storage and inventory:
hh Lump sum payment
ƒƒ Volume
hh Annuity: fixed amount, fixed number of years, lifetime, guaranteed
hh Inventory
life annuity
hhWord problems
ƒƒ Buying bonds:
ƒƒ Bondholder, par value, premium, discount, broker, brokerage fee
hh Wall Street Journal, quoted price, net change

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MATHEMATICS: Business Mathematics

Business Mathematics introduces secondary students to beginning accounting Evaluation
procedures and gives valuable insight into the world of investments. At the same ƒƒ Quizzes (34)
time, the course reviews and expands students’ understanding of basic math-
ƒƒ Skills development
ematic principles, concepts, and skills. Students use arithmetic, algebra, and geom- exercises (54)
etry as tools to make better financial decisions and to gain an understanding of the
ƒƒ Tests (8)
workings of business.
ƒƒ 9-weeks exam (2)
The excellent balance of skills practice and problem solving meets the needs of ƒƒ Semester exam
the varying abilities of the students. Students increase their understanding of good ƒƒ Final exam
investment practices and the stock market. The daily Basic Mathematics Practice
Exercises review the fundamentals of mathematics while challenging the students
with interesting word problems and concepts that may be new to them. These
exercises require students to apply and connect various types of mathematical
knowledge. Bible principles regarding finance are set forth throughout this text-
book.

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

ƒƒ Inventory turnover:
Stewardship ƒƒ Cost of goods sold, average inventory
ƒƒ Keeping money records
ƒƒ Amount of sales, average inventory
ƒƒ Accounting, bookkeeping
ƒƒ Break-even point:
ƒƒ Cash receipts and payment records
ƒƒ Fixed costs, variable costs
ƒƒ Terminology:
hh Graph analysis
ƒƒ Addends, sum, minuend, subtrahend
ƒƒ Parallel lines, intersecting lines, coordinate plane
ƒƒ Difference, multiplicand, multiplier
ƒƒ Review of mathematical order of operation
ƒƒ Product, factor, dividend, divisor, quotient
hh Formula
ƒƒ Assets, liabilities, capital:
ƒƒ Trade discount: list price, net price, percentage
hh Accounts receivable, accounts payable
ƒƒ Trade credit: percent of discount, discount period, credit period, E.
ƒƒ Creditor
O. M
hh Accounting equations
ƒƒ Storage and Inventory:
ƒƒ Balance sheet
ƒƒ Volume, congruent
ƒƒ Income, cost of goods sold, operating expenses
ƒƒ Cube, edges, rectangular solid, cylinder, cone
ƒƒ Profit, loss: net sales, gross profit, equations
ƒƒ Conversion factors:
hh Corporation: average owner’s equity, return on equity
ƒƒ Time, English linear, liquid, dry, weight, metric
ƒƒ Income statement
ƒƒ Metric-English
ƒƒ Debits and credits:
hh Practical exercise application problems
ƒƒ Assets, liabilities, capital
hh Word problems
ƒƒ Income, cost of goods, expenses
hh General principles
hh Journal, double-entry bookkeeping system, debit entry, credit
hh Unit review
entry, “T” accounts
hh General journal: debit and credit entries and totals Investment
hh General ledger: chart of accounts ƒƒ Reading a stock exchange table
hh Practical exercise application problems ƒƒ Principal, dividends:
hh Word problems ƒƒ Fraction, denominator, numerator, mixed number
hh General principles ƒƒ Greatest common factor, prime number, composite number
hh Unit review ƒƒ Least common denominator, improper fraction
ƒƒ Absolute value, cancellation, reciprocal
Managing Your Business ƒƒ Stock market
ƒƒ Ratio analysis:
ƒƒ Buying and selling stock:
ƒƒ Ratio, antecedent, consequent
hh Stock certificate
ƒƒ Current ratio, quick ratio
ƒƒ Stockbrokers
hh Liquidity of assets, current liabilities
hh Stock exchange, New York Stock Exchange
ƒƒ Percent analysis:
ƒƒ Market value
ƒƒ Percent, cost of goods sold, gross profit, operating expenses, net
ƒƒ Mixed decimal, whole number, decimal, terminating decimal,
profit
­repeating decimal
ƒƒ Proportion, means, extremes, algebraic axioms
ƒƒ Capital gain, capital loss
hh Average collection turnover:
hh Practical exercise application problems
ƒƒ Average daily sales, equations
hh Stock market game: log sheets, money market fund

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 ELECTIVES
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
MATHEMATICS: Business Mathematics cont.
Investment cont. ƒƒ State income taxes: sample rate table
ƒƒ Certificate of deposit (CD): simple interest formula, percents ƒƒ Sales tax
ƒƒ Savings account: ƒƒ Property tax:
hh FDIC ƒƒ Assessed value, property tax rate, market value, assessed value
hh Finding the principal: ending-balance method, minimum-balance ƒƒ As a percent, amount per $100, per $1,000, in mills
method, daily-interest method hh Corporate income tax: corporation, taxable income, annual gross

hh Real estate: things to be aware of, rate of income, annual net income, deductions, graduated tax
income, cash investment hh Practical exercise application problems

hh Corporate bonds: hh Word problems

hh Bondholder, face value, par value, premium, discount, quoted hh General principles
price hh Unit review
hh Annual yield, annual interest, selling price
hh Mutual funds: investment portfolio, prospectus
Banking
ƒƒ Checking records:
ƒƒ Compound interest
ƒƒ Balance, deposit slip, currency, transit number
ƒƒ Real return on an investment:
ƒƒ Finding percent of increase or decrease
ƒƒ Inflation, taxes
ƒƒ Checks and register:
hh Expected gross return, expected after-tax return, expected real
return ƒƒ Steps for writing a check
hh Word problems
ƒƒ Bouncing a check, poor credit risk
hh General principles
ƒƒ Bank statement
hh RC, OD
hh Unit review
ƒƒ Canceled check, outstanding check
Income Taxes hh Outstanding deposit, reconcile
ƒƒ Earning a living: ƒƒ Electronic banking: electronic funds transfer, automatic teller, PIN,
hh Education, years with a business, responsibility debit card
ƒƒ Salary, hourly, commission, piecework, tip, overtime, regular pay, hh Loans to small businesses:
bonus hh Single-payment loans, term, maturity value
ƒƒ Deductions: hh Discount loan, proceeds, installment loan, amount financed
ƒƒ Gross pay, net pay hh Practical exercise application problems
ƒƒ FICA, social security tax hh Word problems
hh Maximum taxable income hh General principles
ƒƒ Inflation hh Unit review
ƒƒ Income tax return: 1040EZ, employee’s withholding, allowance
­certificate, W-4 form, dependents, W-2 form, 1040A, 1040, tax audit

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ELECTIVES
 RED indicates first introduction of content.
Keyboarding Grades 10–12
Keyboarding and Document Processing is written to be clear and concise Special Projects
without being software or hardware specific. This keyboarding course begins ƒƒ Creative writing
with the basics of learning the keyboard—all alphabet and figure keys.
ƒƒ Weeklong office simulation combin-
Document formatting skills for business letters with special features and other ing many documents learned
letter and memo styles, unbound reports, and documents with tables are then
covered. The main goal of this text is to teach students a skill they will use for
Evaluation
life. ƒƒ Written quizzes (15)
ƒƒ Tests (8)
ƒƒ Desk arrangement and technique
quizzes (40)
ƒƒ Graded documents (17)
ƒƒ Timed writings (at least 163)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Basic Skills Document Formatting

hh Work area arrangement hh Announcements
hh Hand and finger placement, proper body position, correct keying hh Memorandums:
technique hh Simplified, standard
hh Introduction of alphabet keys in 23 lessons hh Special features: attachment, enclosure
hh Introduction of number and symbol keys hh Distribution lists
hh Spacing after punctuation and symbols: hh Personal business letters: punctuation, block style, enclosure nota-
hh Semicolon, period, colon, backslash, question mark, exclamation point, tion
hyphen, dash, dollar sign hh Envelopes: USPS format, inside address format
hh Gross words a minute hh Business letters:
hh Net words a minute hh Punctuation: open, closed, mixed
hh Special features:
Computer Skills
hh Confidential, attention line, subject line, delivery notation
hh Line spacing, hard and soft returns, headers and footers
hh Company name in closing
hh Page orientation, margins, text alignment
hh Enclosure notation, copy notation, postscript notation
hh Character formats: bold, italics, underline
hh Block style
hh Centering text on a page, tab stops, indents
hh Modified block style: horizontal center point
Proofreading Skills hh Simplified block style
hh Proofreader’s marks: hh Outlines
hh Insert, close up or delete space, transpose, add space hh Reports:
hh New paragraph, do not delete hh Unbound report:
hh Capitalize, lowercase, spell out hh Page numbers, side headings, paragraph headings
hh Move right or left, align horizontally or vertically, center hh Parenthetical citations, long quotations
hh Bold, italics, underline, start new line, delete hh Bound report
hh Keying and correcting documents hh Works cited page, title page, tables
hh Applying proofreader’s marks to already keyed text hh Columns and rows, title and body, text columns, number columns
hh Optional features:
Number Expression Facts hh Secondary title, column headings, source note
hh Regular numbers, house numbers, numbers that begin a sentence
hh Dollar amounts, total line
hh Street numbers, sums of money, weights and measurements
hh Enumerations for letters, memorandums, and reports
hh Numbers that follow nouns, numbers used together
hh Second page headings for 2-page letters and memorandums
hh Related and unrelated numbers

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 ELECTIVES

Document Processing Grades 11–12 (one semester)

Keyboarding and Document Processing is also used in this course. Special Projects
Formatting and producing employment and business documents is ƒƒ Preparing employment documents for an open
the focus of this course. Students spend weeks on an office simula- position
tion, producing documents for their “supervisor.” They also work on ƒƒ Weeklong office simulation combining many
their résumé and a cover letter, preparing them to seek employment. documents learned
The final project is the compilation of a document portfolio which
ƒƒ Creative writing
includes many documents that students have worked on in the key-
boarding and document processing courses. Evaluation
ƒƒ Written quizzes (3)
ƒƒ Tests (4)
ƒƒ Desk arrangement and technique quizzes (13)
ƒƒ Graded documents (15)
ƒƒ Timed writings (at least 177)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Computer Skills ƒƒ Business letters:

ƒƒ Margins, line spacing, headers and footers ƒƒ Personal
ƒƒ Page orientation, text alignment, character formats ƒƒ Block style, modified block style, simplified block style
ƒƒ Centering text on a page, tab stops, indents, inserting symbols hh Enumerations for letters, memorandums, and reports
ƒƒ Second-page headings for 2-page letters and memorandums
Proofreading Skills hh Letters and memorandums with tables
ƒƒ Correcting formatting and typing errors ƒƒ Tables
ƒƒ Keying documents and applying proofreader’s marks ƒƒ Reports:
Document Formatting Skills ƒƒ Unbound
hh Bound: long quotations
hh Employment applications
hh MLA-style reports: long quotations, works cited page
hh Résumés: chronological, functional
hh Itineraries, agendas
hh Cover letters, follow-up letters, forms, announcements
ƒƒ Memorandums: simplified, standard
ƒƒ Envelopes

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ELECTIVES

Speech Grades 11–12 (one semester)

Speech for Today presents the art of everyday speech in a friendly, conversational style that students and
teachers love. Experience is the key to developing good speaking skills; students need practice speaking to
one another in small groups and before larger audiences. An abundance of speaking exercises, group proj-
ects, and selections for interpretation throughout the text provides opportunities for practice and
performance. Skills mastered include telephone courtesy, introductions, personal testimonies, group
discussion, parliamentary procedure, pantomime, monologues, poetry, and storytelling.

Application
ƒƒ Conversation exercise
ƒƒ Impromptu speeches, interview exercise,
personal t­ estimony speech
ƒƒ Group discussion exercise
ƒƒ Parliamentary procedures exercise
ƒƒ Pantomime exercise, character panto-
mime exercise
ƒƒ Monologue preview and speech
ƒƒ Declamation preview and speech
ƒƒ Poetry preview and speech
ƒƒ Storytelling preview and speech
ƒƒ Devotional speech
Evaluation
ƒƒ Speeches (14)
ƒƒ Pronunciation quizzes (2)
ƒƒ Reading quizzes (2)
ƒƒ Practice time sheets

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Place of Speech in Society Reading with Meaning

hh Blessings and responsibilities of free speech hh Interpretation
hh Importance of speech to citizenship and success hh Studying the selection: thought analysis, attitude analysis
hh Techniques of interpretation:
Everyday Conversation hh Quality, pitch, range, inflection
hh Why so much, how to improve conversation
hh Force, time, pause, emphasis

Special Types of Conversation Our American Pronunciation

hh Telephone conversation
hh Problem of pronunciation, regional pronunciation
hh Introductions, impromptu speaking
hh Sounds of American speech, articulating the sounds
hh Interviews, personal testimonies
hh Putting the sounds together: blending, rhythm

Group Discussion Listening

hh Methods:
hh Do you listen?
hh Committee meetings and conferences
hh Kinds of listening: enjoyment, inspiration, information/ideas, critical
hh Cooperative investigations, single-leader discussion, debates
listening
hh Qualities of good group discussion
hh How to listen effectively

Parliamentary Procedure Interpreting Declamations and Poetry

hh Purpose, constitution and by-laws
hh Value of declaiming, preparing a declamation
hh Duties of officers, conducting business
hh Delivering the declamation:
hh The meeting:
hh Mood, pointing the thoughts, transitions
hh Calling to order, reading the minutes
hh Impersonating, effectiveness, practicing continuously
hh Reports, presenting motions, adjourning the meeting
hh Judging a declamation, 5 sample declamations
hh Electing officers: nominations, elections
hh Presenting poetry, 21 sample poems

Talking with the Body Storytelling

hh Why and how we talk with the body
hh Values of storytelling, the storyteller, the audience
hh Posture, movement, walking and sitting
hh Types of stories:
hh Gestures, pantomime
hh Fable, folk story, myth, adventure

Interpreting Monologues hh Historical story, biographical story, Bible story

hh Special occasion story, modern short story
hh What is a monologue?
hh Choosing, preparing, and presenting the story
hh Steps to good characterization
hh 4 sample stories
hh Reacting to unseen characters
hh How to memorize for performance
Extemporaneous Devotionals
hh 12 sample monologues
hh Choosing a topic, tentative outline
hh Supporting details, final outline, practice delivery

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 ELECTIVES

Family & Consumer Sciences Grades 11–12 (one semester)

The themes of hospitality and stewardship are woven throughout Scripture. Family/ Additional Helps
Consumer Sciences presents a wonderful opportunity for young people to learn ƒƒ Demonstrations (31)
entertaining and hospitality habits that they can implement as they establish their own
homes and families. This practical introductory course on cooking and entertaining Evaluation
covers topics such as nutrition, meal management, and etiquette. The final project is a ƒƒ Labs (15)
dinner party that pulls together all aspects studied during the course. ƒƒ Projects (2)
ƒƒ Written quizzes (20)
ƒƒ Tests (5)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Kitchen Basics Produce

hh Kitchen safety, food safety, dishwashing hh Vegetables:
hh Use and care of appliances hh Classification
hh Microwave cooking, basic kitchen techniques hh Selecting high quality: fresh, canned, frozen, dried
hh Kitchen equipment hh Garnishes
hh Using a recipe, lab procedures, key nutrients hh Fruits: fresh, frozen, canned, uses
hh Salads:
Nutrition hh Types: fruit, gelatin, pasta, protein, vegetable, green
hh Key nutrients, dietary guidelines, food pyramid
hh Dressings
hh Weight management, sports nutrition, consumer education
hh Meal management Lunch
hh Soups and stews, casseroles
Beverages & Breakfast hh Cheese: natural, processed, imitation, storage and use
hh Milk, coffee, tea, punch
hh Sandwiches
hh Eggs:
hh Purchasing and storing Dinner
hh Handling, breaking and separating, cooking hh Meat:
hh Egg substitutes hh Nutritional value, determining quality
hh Types: beef, veal, game, lamb, pork
Grains hh Cuts, purchasing, storing, thawing, handling
hh Types of grains, preparation and storage
hh Seasoning, cooking, checking for doneness
hh Quick breads:
hh Poultry:
hh Muffins, nut breads, pancakes, French toast, waffles
hh Nutritional value, determining quality
hh Biscuits
hh Purchasing, handling, thawing
hh Yeast breads
hh Seasoning, cooking, checking for doneness, stuffing

Food Preservation hh Fish and shellfish:

hh Freezing, canning, making jelly hh Nutritional value, purchasing

hh Whole, drawn, dressed, fillets, steaks
Serving hh Types of fish
hh Table appointments: dinnerware, flatware, beverageware, linens,
hh Shellfish: shrimp, mollusks, imitation seafood
centerpieces
hh Cooking
hh Table setting, place setting
hh Entering and seating in the dining room Appetizers
hh Types of meal service, buffet service hh Varieties:
hh Serving and clearing the table hh Hors d’oeuvres
hh Plate presentation hh Vegetable, fruit and cheese platters
hh Finger foods, dips and spreads
Successful Entertaining hh Entertaining with appetizers:
hh Hospitality, table etiquette, table manners
hh Party planning
hh Handling awkward situations, restaurant etiquette
hh Arranging the food, arranging the table
hh Party planning: budget and theme, invitations, planning details,
introductions Desserts
hh Selection, garnishes
Adding Flavor
hh Custards and puddings
hh Herbs, spices, seasonings
hh Cookies: bar, drop, pressed, shaped, rolled
hh Marinades, legumes, pasta
hh Cakes: butter cakes, foam cakes, frosting
hh Fats and oils, frying: pan-frying, deep-fat frying
hh Pies and pastries: pie crusts, baking
hh Types of fat: solid, liquid
hh Candy: cooking stages, storage
hh Sauces, gravies

223
ELECTIVES

Art Grades 7–12

Watercolor Step-by-Step introduces the tools of the trade, gives innovative Additional Features
substitutes for art materials, and shows the basic techniques used in creat- ƒƒ Step-by-step demonstrations (15)
ing watercolor paintings. Given this foundation, students copy the author’s
ƒƒ Self-paced assignments (43)
step-by-step demonstration paintings, create their own compositions, and
ƒƒ Art history incorporated
paint them in watercolor. Art history is incorporated in later lessons as students
analyze and copy the style of master watercolorists. Students learn to paint ƒƒ Advice on purchasing art materials
still lifes, landscapes, floral compositions, architecture, and other subjects. ƒƒ Selected bibliography

Evaluation
ƒƒ Graded paintings (15)

 RED indicates first introduction of content.

Getting Started Watercolor Paintings Produced

hh 15 paintings of scenes such as sunset, misty morning, storm over
hh Stretching the paper
Lake Jackson, winter landscape, mimosa blossoms, teddy bears, the
hh Painting indoors and outdoors
Valley of Dry Bones, Ochlocknee River in fall, portrait
hh The palette
hh 43 other related assignments
hh After painting

Basics of Watercolor
hh Flat wash, dark wash, graded wash
hh Wet in wet, dry brush, calligraphy
hh Spattering, toothbrush, salt, dropping water, masking
hh Painting with a sponge, scraping with a knife
hh Rubbing with an eraser or sponge, scrubbing with a tissue

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