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Al Quran: The first revealation

Poster · October 2019

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.30837.73447

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Hazriah Hasan
University of Malaysia, Kelantan
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 Definition: The book containing the speech of God revealed to the Prophet
Muhammad in Arabic and transmitted to us by continuous testimony, or ‘tawatur. The
Qur’an consists of manifest revelation (wahy zahir), defined as communication from
God to the Prophet Muhammad, conveyed by angel Gabriel, in the very words of
God. Manifest revelation differs from internal revelation (wahy batin) consists of the
inspiration (ilham).

 The revelation of the Qur’an began with the Sura al-Alaq (96:1) starting with the
words “Read in the name of your Lord and ending with the ayah in sura al-Ma’idah
(5:3):
 There are 114 Surah and 6235 ayat of unequal length in the Qur’an
 The shortest of the suras consist of four and the longest of 286 ayat
 The Qur’an begins with sura al- Fatihah and ends with sura al-Nas.

The place of revelation: The time of revelation:

• The place of revelation, which means that
all the ayats that were revealed while the
Prophet was in Mecca, or its neighbouring
areas, are classified as Makki, and ayat
that were actually revealed in Madinah or
its surrounding areas are classified as
Madini.
MECCA
 A sura is considered to be Makki if its
revelation had begun in Mecca
 The Qur’an consists of eighty-five Meccan
suras
 The Meccan suras are generally short but
rhythmical and intense in their emotional
appeal to the pagan Arabs
MADINAH
 The Qur’an consists twenty-nine Madinah
suras
 Madinah suras are detailed and convey a
sense of serenity that marks a difference
of style in the revelation of the Qur’an.
• The time of revelation, meaning that the
part of the Qur’an which was revealed
prior to the Prophet’s migration to
Madinah is classified as Makki and the
remaining part which was revealed after
the occasion is identified as Madani
regardless of the locality in which they
were received.
MECCA
 The larger part of the Qur’an that is 19 out
of the total of 30 parts, was received
during the first twelve and a half years of
the Prophet’s in Mecca.
MADINAH
 Prophet’s migration to Madinah over a
period of just over nine and a half years

 There are an estimated 140 ayat in the Qur’an on devotional matters such as salah, legal alms (zakah), siyam (fasting),
the Pilgrimage of hajj, jihad, charities, the taking of oaths and penances (kaffarat).
 Another 70 ayat are devoted to marriage, divorce, the waiting period of ‘iddah, revocation (rij’ah), dower, maintenance,
custody of children, fosterage, paternity, inheritance and bequest.
 Rules concerning commercial transactions (mu’amalat) such as sale, lease, loanand mortgage, constitute the subject
of.
 70 ayat, there are about thirty ayat on crimes and penalties such as murder, highway robbery (hirabah), adultery, and
false accusation (qadhf).
 30 ayats speak of justice, equality, evidence, consultation, and the rights and obligation of citizens.
 10 ayats relating to economics matters regulating relation between the poor and the rich, workers’ rights and so on.
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