Earth & Life Science

Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Title: Earth and Earth Systems
Earth and Life Science – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 4: Earth and Earth Systems
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education

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Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

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Reviewers: Name
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 11
Earth & Life Science
Quarter 1 – Module 4:
Title: Earth and Earth Systems
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science - 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on Earth and Earth Systems!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by educators both
from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher or facilitator in helping
the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Curriculum while overcoming
their personal, social, and economic constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and independent
learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this also aims to help
learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking into consideration their
needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the body of
the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this module.
You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them to manage
their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to encourage and assist the
learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the Earth and Life Science - 11 Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) Module
on Earth and Earth Sytems!

The hand is one of the most symbolized part of the human body. It is often used to
depict skill, action and purpose. Through our hands we may learn, create and
accomplish. Hence, the hand in this learning resource signifies that you as a learner
is capable and empowered to successfully achieve the relevant competencies and
skills at your own pace and time. Your academic success lies in your own hands!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful opportunities for
guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You will be enabled to
process the contents of the learning resource while being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

What I Need to Know This will give you an idea of the skills or
competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

What I Know This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.

What’s In This is a brief drill or review to help you link

the current lesson with the previous one.

What’s New In this portion, the new lesson will be

introduced to you in various ways such as a
story, a song, a poem, a problem opener, an
activity or a situation.

What is It This section provides a brief discussion of the

lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

What’s More This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.

What I Have Learned This includes questions or blank

sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.

What I Can Do This section provides an activity which will

help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 Assessment This is a task which aims to evaluate your
level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.

Additional Activities In this portion, another activity will be given

to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned. This also tends retention of
learned concepts.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in developing

this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part of the
module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other activities
included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do not
hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that you are
not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful learning and
gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you learn
about how continents drift. The scope of this module permits it to be used in many
different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary
level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to correspond with
the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Types of Earth System
• Lesson 2 – Earth Subsystems
• Lesson 3- Earth System Interaction

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Explain that the Earth consists of four subsystems across whose boundaries
matter and energy flow.
2. Identify and describe each layer of the atmosphere
3. Identify and describe each layer of the geosphere
4. Describe the hydrosphere as well as the water cycle
5. Describe biosphere and its major biomes
6. Explain how the earth subsystems are interacting with each other to support
life on Earth

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 What I Know

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the chosen letter on a separate sheet
of paper or in your notebook
1. Which of the following is not included in Earth’s subsystems?
a. Atmosphere
b. Geosphere
c. Hydrosphere
d. Photosphere

2. Hydrosphere includes all the _________________ on Earth.

a. Landforms
b. Gases
c. Water
d. Living Things

3. Which of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

a. Argon
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Nitrogen
d. Oxygen

4. Which of the following are included in the geosphere?

a. Lake
b. Mineral
c. Nitrogen gas
d. Water Vapor

5. The Earth system is considered __________________.

a. a closed system
b. an open system
c. an isolated system
d. none of the above

6. Which of the following is true about the Earth’s subsystems?

a. Each subsystem works independently and does not depend on
other subsystems.
b. Earth’s subsystems interact with each other making life possible
on earth.
c. Earth’s subsystems are like the subsystems of other planets.
d. Earth subsystem did not change since the formation of the Earth.

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7. Which of the following is true about the geosphere?
a. It is the main source of water on Earth.
b. It provides oxygen needed by animals.
c. It prevents the penetration of ultraviolet rays from the Sun.
d. It is the habitat for some species of plants and animals

8. What will happen if the atmosphere on Earth is removed?

a. Solar energy will not reach the Earth’s surface.
b. The Earth will be able to sustain life.
c. The Earth will maintain its current temperature
d. Ultraviolet rays will easily penetrate the Earth.

9. All of the following are true about the interaction of the biosphere with other
subsystems, except _______.
a. Organisms in the biosphere maintain the balance of gases in the
atmosphere through consumption and excretion of gases.
b. Organisms in the biosphere consume water from the
hydrosphere for survival.
c. Organisms in the biosphere increase the amount of water in the
hydrosphere.
d. Organisms in the biosphere form parts of the geosphere when
they decompose into smaller substance

10. How do the biosphere and the hydrosphere interact?

a. Air contains water.
b. Living things need water to survive
c. These two spheres do not interact.
d. Volcanic ash can enter the atmosphere

11. How does the water cycle show how the hydrosphere and the atmosphere interact?
a. Air evaporates to form water clouds
b. Heat and wind causes water in the pond to evaporate into thin air
c. Plants soak up water from the ground
d. Water filters through the soil into the ground water

12. Bacteria and algae convert nitrogen from the air into a form that is usable by
plants and animals are interactions between the _________.
a. atmosphere and geosphere
b. atmosphere and biosphere
c. geosphere and biosphere
d. hydrosphere and geosphere

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13. The remains of dead plants and animals can get buried under soil to form
coal and oil over long periods of time are interactions between the _________.
a. atmosphere and geosphere
b. atmosphere and biosphere
c. geosphere and biosphere
d. hydrosphere and geosphere

14. A students is making a model of how the biosphere and atmosphere interact.
Which model shows this?
a. a model of animals eating plants
b. a model of animals drinking water
c. a model of animals decaying in the ground
d. a model of plants giving off carbon dioxide

15. An example of biosphere connecting to atmosphere is:

a. animals eat plants
b. animals live in caves
c. animals drink water
d. plants produce oxygen

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Lesson
Earth and Earth Systems
4
Earth as the only planet that supports life suggest that it must be
composed of materials, resources and energy that could sustain all its
processes in order to keep all the organisms living on it alive. It is therefore
not by accident that God, when He created the Earth placed here subsystems
which makes earth conducive for living. These four subsystems present in our
planet are working harmoniously to assure that none of them will fail to
perform its function because the Earth could not afford to survive if even one
of these interacting subsystem will fail. Sustaining life is therefore not a job of
one or two parts but a collaborative effort of the four.

“Realize that everything is connected to everything else”

- Leonardo Da Vinci, 1452-1519

What’s In

First things first: What is a SYSTEM?

System Defined

A system is an interconnected set of components that are linked

through interconnections that function to create an outcome. The interaction
of components and their interactions create system behavior. A bicycle is a
system composed of a set of components that interact to provide
transportation, much like the organ systems in our body that have a
coordinated function which enable all the physiological processes for life
possible.

How does a System work?

The Earth and its subsystems “work” by movement or transfer of
matter and energy and the processes involved with these transfers. For
example sunlight (energy) warms (process) a body of water (matter) and the
water evaporates (process) into the atmosphere. Later on, the water condenses
(process) back into a liquid and the rain (matter) falls (process) on the land
and runs off (process) downslope back to the sea.

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 Two Basic Kinds of Systems: Open and Closed System
Most systems, like the earth system have matter and energy that flow
freely through the system. Our earth system runs smoothly due to the
combination of smaller components that link our planet together. To
understand our system, we need to start with matter and energy.
Matter, which is anything that has mass and takes up space is one of the two
most basic components of our universe. Matter can be in the form of atoms,
molecules or large objects both living and non-living. Energy, the other basic
component, is the ability to do work. The transfer of energy comes in many
forms like heat, light or electromagnetic waves. In order to know whether a
system is open or closed, transfer in matter and energy must be determined.
A closed system is a system where only energy is transferred or
exchanged with its surroundings. Matter is not included. An open system on
the other hand includes the transfer and exchange of both energy and
matter with the surrounding system. All of the systems on Earth are classified
as open systems. However, the Earth system as a whole is considered a closed
system because there is a limit to how much matter is exchanged.

Energy Energy Energy Energy

input output input output

Energy-matter
interactions
Energy-matter
Matter is interactions
contained within
the system
boundaries

CLOSED SYSTEM OPEN SYSTEM

Matter Matter
input output

Two basic types of systems. a) Earth’s subsystems are open systems. Open systems involve
the inputs and outputs of both energy and matter b.)Earth is basically a closed system.
Closed system allows only energy to pass in and out.

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 Notes to the Teacher

Give other situations showing that earth has both

open and closed system.

What’s New

Take a look at each picture. What can

you remember from the terms
atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere
and biosphere? Write them down on
your notebook.

ATMOSPHERE HYDROSPHERE

GEOSPHERE BIOSPHERE
The Earth System M. Ruzek, 1999

Let us now study the Earth’s sub-systems one by one ☺

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 What is It

First Subsystem: ATMOSPHERE

The word atmosphere comes from the Greek roots atmos which means
gas, and sphaira which means globe or ball. The atmosphere makes up of all
the gases on Earth. It extends outward about 10 000 km from the surface of
the Earth. It is composed of the following gases:

The atmosphere has different

layers – troposphere, stratosphere,
mesosphere, thermosphere, and
exosphere.

Troposphere
The troposphere is the
lowest layer of our atmosphere.
Starting at ground level, it extends
upward to about 10 km (6.2 miles
or about 33,000 feet) above sea
level. We humans live in the
troposphere, and nearly all weather
occurs in this lowest layer. Most
clouds appear here, mainly

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because 99% of the water vapor in the atmosphere is found in the troposphere.
Air pressure drops, and temperatures get colder, as you climb higher in the
troposphere. The layer immediately above the troposphere is called the
stratosphere. The boundary between the troposphere and the stratosphere is
called the “tropopause”.

Stratosphere
The next layer up is called the stratosphere. The stratosphere extends
from the top of the troposphere to about 50 km (31 miles) above the ground.
The infamous ozone layer is found within the stratosphere. Ozone molecules
in this layer absorb high-energy ultraviolet (UV) light from the Sun, converting
the UV energy into heat. Unlike the troposphere, the stratosphere actually
gets warmer the higher you go! That trend of rising temperatures with altitude
means that air in the stratosphere lacks the turbulence and updrafts of the
troposphere beneath. Commercial passenger jets fly in the lower stratosphere,
partly because this less-turbulent layer provides a smoother ride. The jet
stream flows near the border between the troposphere and the stratosphere.
The boundary between the stratosphere and the mesosphere is called the
“stratopause”.
Mesosphere
Above the stratosphere is the mesosphere. It extends upward to a
height of about 85 km (53 miles) above our planet. Most meteors burn up in
the mesosphere. Unlike the stratosphere, temperatures once again grow
colder as you rise up through the mesosphere. The coldest temperatures in
Earth's atmosphere, about -90° C (-130° F), are found near the top of this
layer. The air in the mesosphere is far too thin to breathe; air pressure at the
bottom of the layer is well below 1% of the pressure at sea level, and continues
dropping as you go higher. Most meteors vaporize in the mesosphere. Some
material from meteors lingers in this layer causing this layer to have a
relatively high concentration of iron and other metal atoms. The boundary
between the mesosphere and the thermosphere is called the “mesopause”.

Thermosphere
The layer of very rare air above the mesosphere is called the
thermosphere. High-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun are
absorbed in the thermosphere, raising its temperature to hundreds or at times
thousands of degrees. However, the air in this layer is so thin that it would
feel freezing cold to us! In many ways, the thermosphere is more like outer
space than a part of the atmosphere. Many satellites actually orbit Earth
within the thermosphere! Variations in the amount of energy coming from the
Sun exert a powerful influence on both the height of the top of this layer and
the temperature within it. Because of this, the top of the thermosphere can be
found anywhere between 500 and 1,000 km (311 to 621 miles) above the
ground. Temperatures in the upper thermosphere can range from about 500°
C (932° F) to 2,000° C (3,632° F) or higher. The aurora, the Northern Lights
and Southern Lights, occur in the thermosphere. The boundary between the
thermosphere and the exosphere is called the “thermopause”.

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Exosphere
Although some experts consider the thermosphere to be the uppermost
layer of our atmosphere, others consider the exosphere to be the actual "final
frontier" of Earth's gaseous envelope. As you might imagine, the "air" in the
exosphere is very, very, very thin, making this layer even more space-like than
the thermosphere. In fact, air in the exosphere is constantly - though very
gradually - "leaking" out of Earth's atmosphere into outer space. There is no
clear-cut upper boundary where the exosphere finally fades away into space.
Different definitions place the top of the exosphere somewhere between
100,000 km (62,000 miles) and 190,000 km (120,000 miles) above the surface
of Earth. The latter value is about halfway to the Moon!

Ionosphere
The ionosphere is not a distinct layer like the others mentioned above.
Instead, the ionosphere is a series of regions in parts of the mesosphere and
thermosphere where high-energy radiation from the Sun has knocked
electrons loose from their parent atoms and molecules. The electrically
charged atoms and molecules that are formed in this way are called ions,
giving the ionosphere its name and endowing this region with some special
properties.

The figure A below shows the placement of the different layers of the
atmosphere and how the temperature changes with height as you go from the
ground up to space.

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 Second Subsystem: GEOSPHERE
The geosphere is considered that portion of the Earth system that
includes the Earth's interior, rocks and minerals, landforms and the processes
that shape the Earth's surface. The Earth itself is not a perfect sphere but an
oblate spheroid, with a radius of 6,357 kilometers (km) from the Earth's center
to the North Pole and 6,378 km from the center to the Equator.

LAYERS OF THE GEOSPHERE

CRUST
The crust is everything we can see and study directly. The thinnest
layer of the Earth, the crust still measures about 40 km on average, ranging
from 5–70 km (~3–44 miles) in depth. But at the scale of the planet, that’s less
than the skin of an apple.
There are two types of crust: continental and oceanic crust. Oceanic
crust can be found at the bottom of the oceans or below the continental crust;
it is generally harder and deeper, consisting of denser rocks like basalt, while
continental crust contains granite-type rocks and sediments. The continental
crust thicker on land.
The crust is not one rigid thing, but it’s split into several tectonic plates.
These tectonic plates are not stationary, but are in relative motion one from
another. Depending on the relationship and geologic setting, there are three
types of tectonic plate boundaries: convergent (moving one toward the other),
divergent (moving away from the other) and transform (moving laterally).
These plates “float” on the soft, plastic upper mantle. The boundary
that separates the upper mantle from the crust is called Mohorovicic
discontinuity.

MANTLE
The mantle is Earth’s second layer. The mantle has two main parts, the
upper mantle and the lower mantle. The upper mantle is attached to the
layer above it called the crust. Together the crust and the upper mantle form
a fixed shell called the lithosphere, which is broken into sections called
tectonic plates. Directly below the lithosphere is a less fixed, warmer region of
the upper mantle called asthenosphere. Here the temperatures are so high
that the rock that makes up the asthenosphere melts into liquid. Only tiny
parts of the asthenosphere are liquid but it is soft enough to move pushing
around the plates above. Gutenberg discontinuity is the boundary between
the lower mantle and the outer core.

CORE
When the earth was formed, the heaviest materials sank to the center.
These materials form the Earth’s core which are divided into outer and inner
core.
The outer core is made mostly of iron and nickel. The outer core is
approximately 2300 km thick. It is very hot with a temperature between

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40000C and 50000C. Because of the very high temperature, the outer core is
liquid. Earth’s molten metallic core gave rise to magnetic field which is very
crucial to life on our planet. It protects the planet from the charged particles
of the solar wind. Without the shield of the magnetic field, the solar wind
would strip earth’s atmosphere of the ozone layer that protects life from
harmful ultraviolet radiation.

The inner core is about 1250 km thick and is the hottest layer. The
temperature of the inner core is believed to be approximately 5400 degrees
Celsius. This heat is caused by three elements: residual heat from the
formation of the earth, gravitational forces from the moon and the sun and
the radioactive decay of the earth’s inner elements. The nickel alloy that makes
up the earth’s inner core are Nickel and iron. It must be noted that even this
is the hottest layer, it still exist as solid due to the extremely high pressures
that it is experiencing. The boundary between the outer and inner core is also
referred to as Lehmann discontinuity.

Third Subsystem: HYDROSPHERE

The hydrosphere is the sum of all water on Earth and the water cycle
that distributes it around the planet. Earth is unique in the solar system for
its abundant surface waters. Our orbital distance from the sun, in addition to
our unique atmosphere, gives Earth the right temperature in our middle-aged
solar system to have water as a liquid, and lots of it. It's because of the
hydrosphere that life flourishes on Earth.

Just as important as the existence of water is the hydrologic cycle that

moves water around the globe. See the figure below:

Driven by solar
energy, surface
waters evaporate into
the atmosphere,
condense, and fall
back to the surface as
precipitation, shaping
continents, creating
rivers, and filling
lakes

http://water.tamu.edu/watercycle.html

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 By far, most of the hydrosphere is salt water - around 97 percent - but
the 3 percent that is fresh is critical for terrestrial and fresh water species.

Water Distribution
Water on Earth.
Most of the water
on Earth is either
salty or
inaccessible to
humans. Only 3%
is fresh, and of
that only about
32% is unfrozen.

Water Distribution
Water on Earth.
Most of the water
on Earth is either
salty or inaccessible
Fourth Subsystem: BIOSPHERE to humans. Only 3%
is fresh, and of that
The biosphere contains the entirety of Earth’s livingonly things. It is
about 32% is
sometimes referred to as the “zone of life”. From a geophysical standpoint,
unfrozen.
biosphere is the global ecological system integrating all living things and their
relationship including their interactions with the elements of the lithosphere,
hydrosphere and atmosphere.

The biosphere is divided into biomes. Biomes are the world’s major
communities. They are classified according to the predominant vegetation
characterized by adaptations of organisms to that particular climate.
Five Major Biomes
1. Aquatic –includes freshwater (ponds, lakes, rivers) and marine (ocean,
estuaries). The aquatic region houses numerous species of plants and
animals.
2. Forest- can be tropical, temperate, boreal forest and taiga. Each type
of forest has distinctive features dominated by grasses rather than large
shrubs or trees.
3. Desert- characterized by low rainfall (less than 50 cm) per year. Most
deserts have specialized vegetation as well as specialized animals that
can adapt to its condition.
4. Tundra- coldest of all biomes. It has low biotic diversity and simple
vegetation.
5. Grassland- made of rolling hills of various grasses and could be divided
into savannas and temperate grasslands. . They receive just enough
rain to sustain grass but not enough to grow many trees. There are few
tress that grow in grasslands but sporadic wildfires keep them under
control.

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 Challenge Question:
How are these four subsystems interacting with each
other?

Continue reading and see the details below!

Atmosphere: Interactions with other Earth System Components

Biosphere: The atmosphere supplies oxygen and carbon dioxide that form the
basis of life processes (photosynthesis and respiration).
Geosphere: Gases in the atmosphere react with water to produce weak acids
that aid in the breakdown of rock.
Typhoon formation (atmosphere) sweep across the ocean (hydrosphere) and
onto the land (geosphere), damaging the dwellings of people (biosphere) who
live along the coast.

Geosphere: Interactions with other Earth System

Components
Atmosphere: Volcanism spews significant amounts of gases into the
atmosphere. For example, volcanoes inject large amounts of sulphur dioxide
to the upper atmosphere, resulting in global cooling.
Hydrosphere: The formation of many minerals involves incorporation or
release of water. Also, water speeds up chemical reactions that dissolves ions
from the mineral and carries them away.
Biosphere: Nutrients released from rocks during their breakdown are
dissolved in water (to be used by aquatic plants).

Hydrosphere: Interactions with other Earth System Components

Geosphere: Interactions with other Earth System Components

Atmosphere: Water is transferred between the hydrosphere and biosphere by

evaporation and precipitation. Energy is also exchanged in this process.
Biosphere: Water is necessary for the transport of nutrients and waste
products in organisms.

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Geosphere: Water is the primary agent for the chemical and mechanical
breakdown of rock (weathering), to form loose rock fragments and soil, and
sculpts the surface of the Earth.

Biosphere: Interactions with other Earth System Components

Geosphere: Interactions with other Earth System Components
Atmosphere: Life processes involve many chemical reactions which either
extract or emit gases to and from the atmosphere (e.g. photosynthesis
consumes carbon dioxide and releases oxygen, whereas respiration does the
opposite).
Hydrosphere: Evaporation of water from leaf surfaces (transpiration)
transfers water to the atmosphere.
Geosphere: The biosphere is connected to the geosphere through soils
(mixtures of air, mineral matter, organic matter, and water). Plant activity (e.g.
root growth and organic acid production) are also for the mechanical and
chemical breakdown of the rocks.

What’s More

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

Direction: Read each question carefully and choose the letter of the
correct answer.

1. An example of a connection between hydrosphere and geosphere is:

a. boats transporting goods
b. fish swimming in water
c. water evaporating to make clouds
d. waves eroding rocks on beach

2. What main system do you interact with when you are exploring an
underwater cave?
a. Biosphere
b. Cryoshpere
c. Geosphere
d. Hydrosphere

3. When volcanoes erupt, dust and ash particles spread through much of the
air blocking the sun. Which two spheres are interacting?
a. Atmosphere and atmosphere
b. Biosphere and atmosphere
c. Geosphere and atmosphere
d. Hydrosphere and atmosphere

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4. When plants draw nutrients from the soil, the interaction is between which
two spheres?
a. atmosphere and geosphere
b. biosphere and geosphere
c. geosphere and hydrosphere
d. hydrosphere and atmosphere

5. When carbon dioxide dissolves from the air into the ocean-the interaction
is between
a. atmosphere and atmosphere
b. atmosphere and hydrosphere
c. atmosphere and geosphere
d. atmosphere and biosphere

6. Wind can carry seed to new places so more plants can grow are interactions
between
a. atmosphere and biosphere
b. atmosphere and geosphere
c. atmosphere and hydrosphere
d. geosphere and biosphere

7. The survival of organisms is impacted by the air temperature are

interactions between the
a. atmosphere and hydrosphere
b. atmosphere and biosphere
c. hydrosphere and geosphere
d. hydrosphere and biosphere

8. Flooding moves soil and rock to new places are interactions between the
a. atmosphere and hydrosphere
b. geosphere and biosphere
c. hydrosphere and biosphere
d. hydrosphere and geosphere
9. Warm ocean currents cause major weather events, impacting animals and
their survival are interactions between the
a. atmosphere and geosphere
b. atmosphere and hydrosphere
b. geosphere and biosphere
d. hydrosphere and biosphere

10. Plants use essential elements such as water, carbon and nitrogen from
the soil are interactions between the
a. atmosphere and hydrosphere
b. atmosphere and biosphere
c. geosphere and biosphere
d. hydrosphere and biosphere

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 Activity 1: Earth Spheres Interaction

Direction: From the given situations, choose two BEST earth systems that
are interacting (geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere). Write your
answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. The mango tree in your backyard is blown by the wind

and

2. Your classmate Pedro gets caught in the rain

and

3. Typhoon Tisoy damages a sugar cane crop in the Bicol Region

and

4. Air next to the ground becomes warm

and

5. Water vapor condenses

and

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6. Lightning strikes as ash spews from Taal volcano

and

7. A flash flood forms causing suspension of classes

and

8. A puddle seeps into your school ground

and

9. You drink a lot of water after your P. E class

and

10. You wash your hands before eating your lunch

and

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 Activity 2: EXPRESS IN WRITING
Direction: In your own words, explain in 3-5 sentences how the reflected
subsystems are interacting.

a. Water is necessary for the transport of nutrients and waste products in

organisms like plants, animals and human.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

b. Typhoon forms when there is an LPA which intensify as it absorbs the

water vapor in the Pacific Ocean which in turn causes landslide and
destruction of organisms.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

c. Global warming heats up the Pacific Ocean causing the glaciers to melt
and adding more water to the ocean.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

1. Earth’s geosphere is consists of different layers: core, mantle and crust.

2. The inner core is solid while the outer core is liquid.
3. The mantle is the largest part of the earth where asthenosphere could
be found.
4. The crust consist of oceanic and continental crust.
5. Earth consist of four subsystems: atmosphere, hydrosphere, geosphere
and biosphere.
6. The atmosphere has layers based on temperature: troposphere,
stratosphere, mesosphere and thermosphere.

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7. The hydrosphere has different forms. Oceans and seas consist of
saltwater while rivers and lakes consist of freshwater.
8. The biosphere is the zone of life. Energy and matter flow in the
biosphere.
9. The four subsystems are interacting with each other to make life on
Earth conducive for all organisms.

10. The Earth and its subsystems “work” by the movement of matter and
energy and the processes involved with these transfers.

What I Can Do

List down at least three examples of earth system interaction that you
always experience or observe in your everyday living. You can include
common scenarios at home, in the school or within your barangay.
Make sure to include all the four subsystems.

Example 1: (Earth system interaction at home)

_____________________________________

Example 2: (Earth system interaction in the school)

_____________________________________

Example 3: (Earth system interaction in the community)

_____________________________________

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 Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere?

a. Argon
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Nitrogen
d. Oxygen

2. Hydrosphere includes all the _________________ on Earth.

a. Landforms
b. Gases
c. Water
d. Living Things

3. Which of the following is not included in Earth’s subsystems?

a. Atmosphere
b. Geosphere
c. Hydrosphere
d. Photosphere

4. Which of the following are included in the geosphere?

a. Lake
b. Mineral
c. Nitrogen gas
d. Water Vapor

5. The Earth system is considered __________________.

a. a closed system
b. an open system
c. an isolated system
d. none of the above

6. Which of the following is true about the Earth’s subsystems?

a. Each subsystem works independently and does not depend on
other subsystems.
b. Earth’s subsystems interact with each other making life possible
on earth.
c. Earth’s subsystems are like the subsystems of other planets.
d. Earth subsystem did not change since the formation of the Earth.

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7. Which of the following is true about the geosphere?
a. It is the main source of water on Earth.
b. It provides oxygen needed by animals.
c. It prevents the penetration of ultraviolet rays from the Sun.
d. It is the habitat for some species of plants and animals

8. What will happen if the atmosphere on Earth is removed?

a. Solar energy will not reach the Earth’s surface.
b. The Earth will be able to sustain life.
c. The Earth will maintain its current temperature
d. Ultraviolet rays will easily penetrate the Earth.

9. How does the water cycle show how the hydrosphere and the atmosphere
interact?
a. Air evaporates to form water clouds
b. Heat and wind causes water in the pond to evaporate into thin air
c. Plants soak up water from the ground
d. Water filters through the soil into the ground water

10. How do the biosphere and the hydrosphere interact?

a. Air contains water.
b. Living things need water to survive
c. These two spheres do not interact.
d. Volcanic ash can enter the atmosphere

11. All of the following are true about the interaction of the biosphere with
other subsystems, except _______.
a. Organisms in the biosphere maintain the balance of gases in the
atmosphere through consumption and excretion of gases.
b. Organisms in the biosphere consume water from the
hydrosphere for survival.
c. Organisms in the biosphere increase the amount of water in the
hydrosphere.
d. Organisms in the biosphere form parts of the geosphere when
they decompose into smaller substance

12. Bacteria and algae convert nitrogen from the air into a form that is usable
by plants and animals are interactions between the _________.
a. atmosphere and geosphere
b. atmosphere and biosphere
c. geosphere and biosphere
d. hydrosphere and geosphere

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13. An example of biosphere connecting to atmosphere is:
a. animals eat plants
b. animals live in caves
c. animals drink water
d. plants produce oxygen

14. The remains of dead plants and animals can get buried under soil to form
coal and oil over long periods of time are interactions between the _________.
a. atmosphere and geosphere
b. atmosphere and biosphere
c. geosphere and biosphere
d. hydrosphere and geosphere

15. A students is making a model of how the biosphere and atmosphere interact.
Which model shows this?
a. a model of animals eating plants
b. a model of animals drinking water
c. a model of animals decaying in the ground
d. a model of plants giving off carbon dioxide

Additional Activities

Having learned that God created an Earth with essential

subsystems for the survival of man and other organisms. Write a
short letter to God appreciating Him for His wonderful and
awesome creations.

LETTER OF GRATITUDE
Dear God,
_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
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ASSESSMENT Earth-System Interaction
(POST TEST) 1. BIOSPHERE &
ATMOSPHERE
1. C 2. BIOSPHERE &
2. C HYDROSPHERE
3. D 3. ATMOSPHERE &
4. B BIOSPHERE
5. A 4. ATMOSPHERE &
6. B GEOSPHERE
7. D 5. ATMOSPHERE &
8. D HYDROSPHERE
9. A 6. ATMOSPHERE &
10. B GEOSPHERE
11. C 7. HYDROSPHERE &
12. B GEOSPHERE
13. D 8. HYDROSPHERE &
14. C GEOSPHERE
15. D 9. BIOSPHERE &
HYDROSPHERE
10. HYDROSPHERE &
BIOSPHERE
CHECK YOUR Assessment
UNDERSTANDING
1. D WHAT I KNOW
2. C
3. C 1. D
4. B 2. C
5. B 3. C
6. A 4. B
7. B 5. A
8. D 6. B
9. D 7. D
10. C 8. D
9. C
10. B
11. A
12. B
13. C
14. D
15. D
Answer Key
References

• https://earthtosky.org/professional-development/climate-
change/earth-systems-module.html
• https://worksheets.edhelper.com/ReadingComprehension_37_34.htm
l
• http://tornado.sfsu.edu/geosciences/classes/m201/Atmosphere/At
mosphericComposition.html
• https://scied.ucar.edu/atmosphere-layers
• https://climate.ncsu.edu/edu/Structure
• http://earth.rice.edu/mtpe/geo/geosphere.httml
• https://www.zmescience.com/other/science-abc/layers-earth-
structure/
• https://www.dkfindout.com/us/earth/structure-earth/mantle
• https://science.jrank.org/kids/pages/78/EARTH-S-LAYERS.html
• https://www.softschools.com/facts/geology/inner_core_facts/2207/
• https://www.agci.org/earth-systems/hydrosphere
• https://www.softschools.com/science/biomes/what_are_biomes/
• https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/57146acf6b859a11308fc7a1/earth’
s-systems
• https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/571a601db5133d503b8418c1/eart
h’s-systems
• https://quizizz.com/admin/quiz/5ca549a68f8e1d001aece234/earth-
systtem-interaction
• https://www.thatquiz.org/tq/preview?c=1orzu9v2&s=ol4d4b
• Earth and Life Sciences Rex Bookstore 2016, pages 18-35
• Dutch, S., Monroe, J., Moran, J. (1998). Earth Science (pp. 7-13)
• Vengco, L., and Religioso, T. (2016). You and the Natural World Earth
and Life Science.

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For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: blr.lrqad@deped.gov.ph * blr.lrpd@deped.gov.ph

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