INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DEL

Jl Sisingamangaraja, Tobasamosir -22381, Sumatera Utara

telp +62632331234, fax +626323311116, www.del.ac.id
FIS1101 FISIKA DASAR I
SOLUSI Tugas 2 – Hukum Gauss dan Potensial Listrik

1. Terdapat suatu distribusi muatan dalam kulit bola yang

memiliki tebal dengan jari-jari dalam b dan jari-jari luar c
bermuatan total −3𝑄 terdistribusi secara uniform.
Kemudian didalam kulit bola tersebut terdapat muatan
−𝑄 𝑎 𝑏 yang terdistribusi dalam bola pejal memiliki total muatan
– 𝑄, muatannya juga terdistribusi uniform. Kedua bola
𝑐 tersebut sepusat.
Tentukan:
−3𝑄 a. Besar dan arah kuat medan listrik di 𝑟 < 𝑎; 𝑎 < 𝑟 <
𝑏; 𝑏 < 𝑟 < 𝑐 serta 𝑟 > 𝑐.
𝐺𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑟 1 b. Gambarkan kurva medan listrik untuk semua daerah
c. Hitung Potensial listrik di 𝑟 < 𝑎; 𝑎 < 𝑟 < 𝑏; 𝑏 < 𝑟 < 𝑐
serta 𝑟 > 𝑐
d. Gambarkan kurva potensial listrik di semua daerah.
Asumsikan potensial di 𝑟 = 𝑐 adalah 𝑉0

2. Figure 2 show two non-conducting spherical shells

fixed in place on an x axis. Shell 1 has uniform
surface charge density +4.0 𝜇𝐶/𝑚2 on its outer
surface and radius 0.50 cm, and shell 2 has uniform
surface charge density −2.0 𝜇𝐶/𝑚2 on its outer
surface and radius 2.0 cm; the centres are
separated by L=6.0 cm. Other than at 𝑥 = ∞ where
on the x axis is the net electric field equal to zero?
𝑭𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝟐
Solution:
The point where the individual fields cancel cannot be in the region between the shells
since the shells have opposite-signed charges. It cannot be inside the radius R of one of
the shells since there is only one field contribution there (which would not be canceled
by another field contribution and thus would not lead to zero net field). We note shell 2
has greater magnitude of charge (|𝜎2 |𝐴2 ) than shell 1, which implies the point is not to
the right of shell 2 (any such point would always be closer to the larger charge and thus
no possibility for cancellation of equal-magnitude fields could occur). Consequently, the
point should be in the region to the left of shell 1 (at a distance 𝑟 > 𝑅1 from its center);
this is where the condition:
𝐸1 = 𝐸2
|𝑞1 | |𝑞2 |
2
=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 4𝜋𝜀0 (𝑟 + 𝐿)2
𝜎1 𝐴1 |𝜎2 |𝐴2
2
=
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 4𝜋𝜀0 (𝑟 + 𝐿)2
Using the fact that the area of a sphere is 𝐴 = 4𝜋𝑅 2, this condition simplifies to:
𝐿
𝑟= = 3,3 𝑐𝑚
(𝑅2 ⁄𝑅1 )√|𝜎2 |⁄𝜎1 − 1

1 of 6| P a g e
 INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DEL
Jl Sisingamangaraja, Tobasamosir -22381, Sumatera Utara
telp +62632331234, fax +626323311116, www.del.ac.id
FIS1101 FISIKA DASAR I
SOLUSI Tugas 2 – Hukum Gauss dan Potensial Listrik

We note that this value satisfies the requirement 𝑟 > 𝑅1 . The answer, then, is that the
net field vanishes at 𝑥 = −𝑟 = −3.3 𝑐𝑚.

3. Dua muatan sebesar q = +4,0 μC di tempatkan dalam ruang pada jarak d = 2,0 m satu
sama lain seperi pada gambar di bawah.

𝑮𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒂𝒓 𝟑

a. Hitung potensial di titik P.

b. Jika seseorang membawa muatan sebesar 𝑄 = +2𝜇𝐶 secara perlahan dari titik
tak hingga ke titik P, tentukan besarnya usaha yang dilakukan orang tersebut.
c. Hitung energi potensial dari konfigurasi yang terbentuk setelah muatan tersebut
ditempatkan di titik P.
Penyelesaian:
a. Potensial di titik P

Terlebih dahulu kita buat kerangka referensi sehingga posisi dari setiap muatan dapat
didefinisikan dengan tepat.
𝒚(𝒋̂ )

𝒓⃑𝒑𝟐
𝒓⃑𝒑 𝒓⃑𝒑𝟏
𝒙(𝒊̂)
𝒓⃑𝟐 𝒓⃑𝟏

Vektor posisi untuk masing-masing muatan adalah:

𝑑 2
𝑟⃑1 = 𝑖̂ = 𝑖̂ = 𝑖̂ 𝑚
2 2

2 of 6| P a g e
 INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DEL
Jl Sisingamangaraja, Tobasamosir -22381, Sumatera Utara
telp +62632331234, fax +626323311116, www.del.ac.id
FIS1101 FISIKA DASAR I
SOLUSI Tugas 2 – Hukum Gauss dan Potensial Listrik

𝑑 2
𝑟⃑2 = − 𝑖̂ = − 𝑖̂ = −𝑖̂ 𝑚
2 2
𝑑 2
𝑟⃑𝑝 = 𝑗̂ = 𝑗̂ = 𝑗̂ 𝑚
2 2

Posisi relatif titik P terhadap masing-masing muatan:

 Posisi titik P terhadap muatan 1
𝑟⃑𝑝1 = 𝑟⃑𝑝 − 𝑟⃑1 = (𝑗̂ − 𝑖̂)𝑚
|𝑟⃑𝑝1 | = √12 + (−1)2 = √2

 Posisi titik P terhadap muatan 1

𝑟⃑𝑝2 = 𝑟⃑𝑝 − 𝑟⃑2 = (𝑗̂ + 𝑖̂)𝑚
|𝑟⃑𝑝2 | = √12 + (1)2 = √2

Potensial listrik adalah besaran skalar, maka potensial di titik P dapat dijumlahkan secara
aljabar yaitu penjumlahan dari potensial akibat masing-masing muatan yaitu:

𝑉𝑝 = 𝑉1 + 𝑉2

1 𝑞 𝑞
𝑉𝑝 = ( + )
4𝜋𝜀0 |𝑟⃑𝑝1 | |𝑟⃑𝑝1 |

9
4 × 10−6 4 × 10−6
𝑉𝑝 = 9 × 10 ( + ) = 5,1 × 104 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑡
√2 √2

b. Besarnya usaha yang dilakukan orang tersebut, jika seseorang membawa muatan
sebesar 𝑄 = +2𝜇𝐶 secara perlahan dari titik tak hingga ke titik P.

THINK: Anggap tidak ada perubahan energi kinetic selama membawa muatan dari
titik di tak hingga ke titik P. Sementara potensial di tak hingga adalah nol, maka
usaha yang dilakukan sama dengan perubahan energi potensial:

𝑊 = 𝑈𝑃 − 𝑈∞
= 𝑄𝑉𝑃 − 0
= (2 × 10−6 ) × (5,1 × 104 ) = 0,102 𝐽

c. Energi potensial dari konfigurasi yang terbentuk setelah muatan Q tersebut

ditempatkan di titik P.

3 of 6| P a g e
 INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DEL
Jl Sisingamangaraja, Tobasamosir -22381, Sumatera Utara
telp +62632331234, fax +626323311116, www.del.ac.id
FIS1101 FISIKA DASAR I
SOLUSI Tugas 2 – Hukum Gauss dan Potensial Listrik

1 2

Energi potensial konfigurasi:

 Saat masih terdapat dua muatan q dan q, maka energy potensial konfigurasi
adalah:
1 𝑞1 𝑞2 1 𝑞𝑞
𝑈12 = 𝑊2 = 𝑞2 𝑉1 = ( )= ( )
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟12 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑑

 Setelah muatan Q diletakkan pada posisinya, maka energy konfigurasi untuk

meletakkan muatan Q adalah:
𝑄 𝑞 𝑞
𝑊3 = 𝑄(𝑉1 + 𝑉2 ) = ( + )
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑑⁄√2 𝑑⁄√2
 Maka energi total konfigurasi (𝑈) adalah:
𝑈 = 𝑊2 + 𝑊3
1 𝑞𝑞 𝑄 𝑞 𝑞
𝑈= ( )+ ( + )
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑑 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑑⁄√2 𝑑⁄√2

1 𝑞𝑞 𝑄𝑞 𝑄𝑞
𝑈= ( + + )
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑑 𝑑⁄√2 𝑑⁄√2

1 𝑞
𝑈= (𝑄√2 + 𝑄√2 + 𝑞)
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑑
1 𝑞
𝑈= (2𝑄√2 + 𝑞)
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑑

4 × 10−6
𝑈 = (9 × 109 ) ( ) (2 × 2 × 10−6 √2 + 4 × 10−6 ) = 0,17 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑒
2

4. In Figure 4, a charged particle (either an electron or a

proton) is moving rightward between two parallel
charged plates separated by distance d = 2.00 mm. The
plate potentials are V1 = -70.0 V and V2 = -50.0 V. The
particle is slowing from an initial speed of 90.0 km/s at
the left plate.
a. Is the particle an electron or a proton?
b. What is its speed just as it reaches plate 2?

4 of 6| P a g e
 INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DEL
Jl Sisingamangaraja, Tobasamosir -22381, Sumatera Utara
telp +62632331234, fax +626323311116, www.del.ac.id
FIS1101 FISIKA DASAR I
SOLUSI Tugas 2 – Hukum Gauss dan Potensial Listrik

Penyelesaian:

THINK: The electric field between the plates is leftward since it points toward lower
values of potential. The force (associated with the field, 𝐹⃑ = 𝑞𝐸⃑ ) is evidently leftward,
from the problem description (indicating deceleration of the rightward moving particle),
so that q > 0 (ensuring that 𝐹⃑ is parallel to 𝐸⃑ )
a. it is a proton.
b. We use conservation of energy:
𝐾𝑜 + 𝑈𝑜 = 𝐾𝑜 + 𝑈𝑜
1 1
𝑚𝑝 𝑣02 + 𝑞𝑉1 = 𝑚𝑝 𝑣 2 + 𝑞𝑉2
2 2
Using:
𝑞 = +1,6 × 10−19 𝐶
𝑚𝑝 = 1,67 × 10−27 𝑘𝑔
𝑣0 = 90 × 103 𝑚/𝑠
𝑉1 = −70 𝑉
𝑉1 = −50 𝑉

Thus we obtain the final speed 𝑣 = 6,53 × 104 𝑚/𝑠. We note that the value of d is
not used in the solution.

5. Fungsi potensial pada suatu daerah dapat dinyatakan sebagai 𝑉 = 2𝑥𝑦(4𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑧 2 ).
Tentukan medan listrik pada titik:
a. 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
b. −𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂

Solusi:
THINK: untuk menentukan medan listrik jika diketahui potensial listrik, maka digunakan
gradien potensial, yaitu mengoperasika operator del pada fungsi potensial.

𝐸⃑ = −∇ ∙ 𝑉
a. Medan listrik pada titik 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂
𝐸⃑ = −∇ ∙ 𝑉
∂ ∂ ∂
𝐸⃑ = − ( 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ ) ∙ 2𝑥𝑦(4𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑧 2 )
∂x ∂y ∂z
𝐸⃑ = −[(8𝑦 2 + 12𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 )𝑖̂ + (16𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑥 2 𝑧 2 )𝑗̂ + (12𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧)𝑘̂ ]
Masukkan nilai titik 2𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 2𝑘̂ , maka didapat:
𝐸⃑ = −[(8(1)2 + 12(2)(1)(−2)2 )𝑖̂ + (16(2)(1) + 6(2)2 (−2)2 )𝑗̂ + (12(2)2 (1)(−2))𝑘̂]

𝐸⃑ = −[104𝑖̂ + 128𝑗̂ − 96𝑘̂ ]

5 of 6| P a g e
 INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI DEL
Jl Sisingamangaraja, Tobasamosir -22381, Sumatera Utara
telp +62632331234, fax +626323311116, www.del.ac.id
FIS1101 FISIKA DASAR I
SOLUSI Tugas 2 – Hukum Gauss dan Potensial Listrik

c. Medan listrik pada titik −𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂

𝐸⃑ = −[(8𝑦 2 + 12𝑥𝑦𝑧 2 )𝑖̂ + (16𝑥𝑦 + 6𝑥 2 𝑧 2 )𝑗̂ + (12𝑥 2 𝑦𝑧)𝑘̂ ]

Masukkan nilai titik −𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ , maka didapat:

𝐸⃑ = −[(8(1)2 + 12(−1)(1)(−1)2 )𝑖̂ + (16(−1)(1) + 6(−1)2 (−1)2 )𝑗̂ + (12(−1)2 (1)(−1))𝑘̂]

𝐸⃑ = −[−4𝑖̂ − 10𝑗̂ − 12𝑘̂ ]

𝐸⃑ = 4𝑖̂ + 10𝑗̂ + 12𝑘̂

6. The electric potential V in the space between two flat parallel plates 1 and 2 is given (in
volts) by 𝑉 = 1500𝑥 2 , where 𝑥 (in meters) is the perpendicular distance from plate 1.
At 𝑥 = 1.3 𝑐𝑚, (a) what is the magnitude of the electric field, (b) is the field directed
toward or away from plate 1?
Solution:
This is an ordinary derivative since the potential is a function of only one variable.

𝑑𝑉 𝑑 𝑉 𝑉
𝐸⃑ = − ( ) 𝑖̂ = − (1500𝑥 2 )𝑖̂ = (−3000𝑥)𝑖̂ = (−3000 2 ) (0,031 𝑚)𝑖̂ = −39 𝑖̂
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑚 𝑚
𝑉
a. Thus, the magnitude of the electric fiels is |𝐸⃑ | = 39 𝑚
b. The direction of 𝐸⃑ is −𝑖̂ , toward plate 1.

-End of Paper-

6 of 6| P a g e