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Ws - ch15 - e Part 2 Final
Ws - ch15 - e Part 2 Final
15-26)
outer
The human ear consists of three main parts: the (1) _______________ ear ( ), the
(2) _______________
middle ear ( ) and the (3) _______________
inner ear ( ).
D E F G H
A B C I
A (4) _______________
pinna ( ) Collects sound waves in the air
(5) _______________
auditory
C eardrum
(6) _______________ ( ) Converts sound waves to sound (7) ______________
vibrations
(8) _______________
ear bone (9) _______________
Amplify and transmit vibrations from
D
_______________ ( ) the eardrum to the oval window
(10) _______________
oval window (11) _______________
Transmits vibrations from the ear bones
(12) _______________
semicircular canal
cont.
_______________ ( )
(Second Edition) - 57 -
G (14) _______________
cochlea ( ) _______________
cells ( ) which detect
(16) auditory
_______________
nerve Transmits nerve impulses from the cochlea to the
H
_______________ ( ) brain for (17) _______________
interpretation
(18) _______________
round window Releases fluid pressure to the air in the
(20) Eustachain
_______________
tube (21) _______________
Equalize pressure between the middle
J
(23) _______________
endolymph ( )
(22) _______________
perilymph ( )
hair cell
(25) _______________.
bent The sensory hair cells are (26) _______________.
stimulated They send nerve
Ä Go to
(Second Edition) - 58 -
I II III IV V VI
auditory centre
perilymph
VIII VII
Step Description
I a The ear bones amplify and transmit vibrations from the eardrum to the oval
window.
II b Nerve impulses travel along the auditory nerve to the auditory centre to produce
III c Sensory hair cells in the central canal are stimulated and they send out nerve
impulses.
canal.
V e The pinna collects and directs sound waves along the auditory canal to the
eardrum.
VI f Vibrations in the perilymph are transmitted to the round window, which bulges
VII g The oval window vibrates, making the perilymph in the upper canal of the
cochlea vibrate.
I: (28) ________
e II: (29) ________
h III: (30) ________
a IV: (31) ________
g
V: (32) _______
d VI: (33) _______
c VII: (34) _______
b VIII: (35) _______
f
(Second Edition) - 59 -
unilateral
The directional growth movement of a part of a plant in response to a (2) _______________
The directional growth movement of a part of a plant in response to unilateral light is called
(4) _______________
phototropism ( ).
(7) _______________.
photosynthesis
(10) _______________.
anchorage
▲ Growth response of the shoots
Ä Go to
(Book 2, p. 15-32)
tropism because:
▲ An oat coleoptile
(Second Edition) - 60 -
Investigation Result
Unilateral light
A B C D A B C D
Conclusion / Explanation:
- tip
The results of coleoptiles A and B show that the (14) _______________ is necessary for
growth.
- The results of coleoptiles A, C and D show that the tip is (15) _______________
sensitive to
unilateral light.
Boysen-Jenson (1913)
Investigation Result
Unilateral light
agar block
A B C A B C
decapitated coleoptiles
Conclusion / Explanation:
- This chemical moves down from the tip and causes growth (19) _______________
below the
tip.
(Second Edition) - 61 -
Investigation Result
Unilateral light
A B A B
Conclusion / Explanation:
- The chemical produced by the tip passes down the (20) _______________
shaded side of the
coleoptile.
Paal (1919)
Investigation Result
In darkness
A B A B
Conclusion / Explanation:
- The side with the displaced tip receives a (21) _______________ (higher / lower)
higher
(Second Edition) - 62 -
Went (1926)
Investigation Result
In darkness
some time
A A
coleoptile X
X Y
X Y
mica plate
agar blocks
B B
Conclusion / Explanation:
- While the chemical produced by the tip diffuses into the agar block, light causes an
(23) _______________
uneven distribution of the chemical.
auxin
The chemicals that cause bending are called (26) ______________ ( ). They are a group
tips
of plant hormones produced in small amounts at the (27) _____________ of shoots and roots.
of (30) _______________,
elongation where it promotes (31) _______________ (primary / secondary)
Two hypotheses:
ii Light causes auxins to move away from the illuminated side to the shaded side of the
coleoptile.
(Second Edition) - 63 -
Investigation Results
agar block A
24°
coleoptiole decapitated
tip coleoptile
agar block A
A A
In darkness In darkness
agar block B
24°
agar block B
B B
Conclusion / Explanation:
- Since both coleoptiles A and B bend to the same degree, the agar blocks have collected
(32) _____________________
the same (the same / different) amount(s) of auxins regardless of
Investigation Results
L R
coleoptiole
tip
L R
C D C D
L R
12° 31°
mica plate
L R
E F E F
(Second Edition) - 64 -
Conclusion / Explanation:
does not destroy auxins, both coleoptiles C and D receive (35) _____________________
the same
(the same / different) amount(s) of auxins and they bend to the same degree.
illuminated
from the (37) _______________ shaded
side to the (38) _______________ side.
200
percentage
stimulation
150
growth response
100
50
0
percentage
roots shoots
inhibition
50
100
▲ Effects of auxin concentrations on the growth of roots and shoots of oat seedlings
growth.
root
Most auxin concentrations which promote (40) _______________ (root / shoot) growth
shoot
(10–6 to 10–3 ppm) are too low to promote (41) _______________ (root / shoot) growth
(10–4 ppm) is lower than that which produces the greatest (43) _______________
shoot (root / shoot)
growth (1 ppm).
inhibit
Very high auxin concentrations (above 102 ppm) (46) _______________ (promote / inhibit)
(Second Edition) - 65 -
(Book 2, p. 15-37)
The growth of the shoot and the root under light coming from all directions:
(47) upwards.
______________
even
The root
auxins
The growth of the shoot and the root under unilateral light:
(50) ______________
promotes shoot growth.
Auxins move from the side grows faster and the shoot bends
(48) ______________
illuminated side to the towards the light.
auxins unilateral
shoot light
root
auxins
(52) ______________
inhibits root growth.