Sustainability 2018, 10, 1482 13 of 19

between a weekly minimum lower bound average of 1.15 to a maximum upper bound average
Sustainability 2018, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 19
of 7.84 µg/kg body weight and a minimum lower bound 95th percentile of 2.01 and a maximum
Sustainability 2018, 10, x FOR PEER REVIEW 13 of 19
uppermaximum
bound 95th upperpercentile of 12.1
bound 95th µg/kgofbody
percentile weight
12.1 µg/kg reflecting
body weight different
reflecting dietary
differenthabits
dietaryand survey
habits
methodologies
maximum [26].
upper Figure
bound 10
95thshows the
percentile increase
of 12.1 of
µg/kg global
body warming
weight potential
reflecting if applying
different
and survey methodologies [26]. Figure 10 shows the increase of global warming potential if applying dietary cadmium
habits
removal
andprocesses,
surveyremoval
cadmium a marginal
methodologies
processes, increase
[26].
a Figure from
10
marginal a very
shows thefrom
increase low
increasebasis ofbasis
of global
a very low only of0.1%
warmingonly of theofglobal
potential
0.1% ifthe impact
applying
global
cadmium
per citizen.
impact perremoval
citizen. processes, a marginal increase from a very low basis of only 0.1% of the global
impact per citizen.

10. Global
FigureFigure warming
10. Global potential
warming potentialincrease
increase by
by the net energy
the net energyeffort
effortforfor cadmium
cadmium removal
removal by by
calcination (rock
calcination decadmiation)
Figure 10. (rock or
Globaldecadmiation) solvent
warming potential extraction
increase
or solvent (acid
by the
extraction decadmiation)
netdecadmiation)
(acid [18].
energy effort [18].
for cadmium removal by
calcination (rock decadmiation) or solvent extraction (acid decadmiation) [18].
A significant
A significant reduction
reduction of the
of the humantoxicity
human toxicitypotential
potential isis achieved
achievedwhich
which hashas
a tangible impact
a tangible impact
A percentage
on the significant of
reduction of theofhuman
contribution toxicity
phosphate potential
fertilizers is achieved
to the which
total toxicity has a tangible
humans impact
are exposed to.
on the percentage of contribution of phosphate fertilizers to the total toxicity humans are exposed to.
on the
The percentage
results of contribution
represent the average of phosphate
toxicity fertilizers
potential to theliving
for people total toxicity humans
in Germany, are exposed
where more than to.
The results represent
The results the the
represent average
average toxicity potential for
for people livingininGermany,
Germany, where more
thanthan
50% of phosphate fertilizers in thetoxicity
marketpotential
are produced people
from living
Russian phosphate where more
rock concentrate
50% ofwith
phosphate
50% of fertilizers
phosphate
negligible in the
fertilizers
cadmium inmarket are produced
the market
concentrations. are produced
In countries from Russian
from
where Russianphosphate
phosphate
sedimentary rock
rock
rock-basedconcentrate
fertilizerswith
concentrate
negligible cadmium
with negligible
prevail, the impactconcentrations.
cadmium
is even more In countries
concentrations.
pronounced. In The where
countries
relevantsedimentary
where rock-based
sedimentary
toxicity fertilizers
rock-based
potential decrease prevail,
fertilizers
achievable by
the impact is even
prevail,
cadmium the moreisispronounced.
impact
removal even more
shown The11.relevant
pronounced.
in Figure Thetoxicity
relevantpotential decreasedecrease
toxicity potential achievable by cadmium
achievable by
cadmium
removal is shownremoval is shown
in Figure 11. in Figure 11.

Figure 11. Human toxicity potential decrease due to cadmium removal by calcination (rock
Figure 11. Human toxicity potential decrease due to cadmium removal by calcination (rock decadmiation)
Figure 11. Human
decadmiation) toxicity
or solvent potential
extraction (aciddecrease due to[18].
decadmiation) cadmium removal by calcination (rock
or solvent extraction (acid decadmiation) [18].
decadmiation) or solvent extraction (acid decadmiation) [18].