GENERAL REVIEW

VERB TENSES / VERBS / PRONOUNS

 FIRST REMEMBER!
The Structure of the English Sentence:
In Affirmative Form
Subject (Aux. Verb) Principal Verb (Complement)
Direct Object-Indirect Object-Adverbial Modifiers
Manner-Place- Definite Time
In Negative Form
Subject (Aux. Verb)+ not Principal Verb (Complement)
Direct Object-Indirect Object-Adverbial Modifiers
Manner-Place-Definite Time
In Question Form
(Aux. Verb) Subject Principal Verb (Complement) ?
Direct Object-Indirect Object-Adverbial Modifiers
Manner-Place-Time
 EXERCISE:
Shakira sings

Shakira sings beautiful songs

Shakira sings beautiful songs in Spanish.

Shakira sings beautiful songs in spanish in the bathroom.

Shakira sings beatiful songs in Spanish in the bathroom every day.
Shakira will sing beatiful songs in Spanish in the bathroom every day.
Shakira doesn’t sing beautiful songs in Spanish in the bathroom every day.
Does Shakira sing beautiful songs in Spanish in the bathroom every day?

Shakira is singing a song in English.

Shakira has sung that song twice.

 S= SUBJECT (AUXILIARY VERB) + PRINCIPAL VERB (COMPLEMENT)
V= Principal Verb
V1 A) = Principal verb in simple present
V1 B) = Principal verb in simple form
V2 = Principal verb in simple past
V3= Principal verb in past participle
V4= Principal verb in present participle (-ing form)
To+V1 B) = Verb in Infinitive

To+V1 B) V1A) V1B) V2 V3 V4

To write write(s) write wrote written writing
EXERCISE:
TO+V1 B) V1 A) V1 B) V2 V3 V4
To speak speak(s) Speak spoke spoken speaking
To work
To keep
To read
To live
To build
But:
can could
must
TO+V1 B) V1 A) V1 B) V2 V3 V4
To speak speak(s) Speak spoke spoken speaking
To work work(s) work worked worked working
To keep keep(s) keep kept kept keeping
To read read(s) read read read reading
To live live(s) live lived lived living
To build build(s) build built built building
But:
- can can could - -
must must - - -
 VERB TENSES
SIMPLE TENSES

Simple present
Simple past
Simple future

CONTINUOUS TENSES
Present continuous

Past continuous
Future continuous

PERFECT TENSES

Present perfect
Past perfect

Future perfect
 C

PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSES

Present perfect continuous

Past perfect continuous

Future perfect continuous

CONDITIONAL TENSES
Conditional simple
Conditional continuous
Conditional perfect
Conditional perfect continuous
 THE SIMPLE TENSES
Simple Present = V1 A)

Simple Past = V2

Simple future = WILL + V1 B)

 THE CONTINUOUS TENSES

Present Continuous = TO BE in present + V4

am / is /are

Past Continuous = TO BE in Past + V4

was / were

Future Continuous = WILL BE + V4

 THE PERFECT TENSES

Present Perfect = TO HAVE in present + V3

has / have

Past Perfect = TO HAVE in past + V3

had

Future Perfect = WILL HAVE + V3

 MODAL VERBS
CAN

MAY
MUST + V1 B)

SHOULD

OUGHT TO
SOME MODAL VERBS IN PAST

MAY
MUST + HAVE + V3

SHOULD
OUGHT TO
THE PASSIVE VOICE

TO BE + V3
in X tense
 VERBS
REGULAR VERBS: Live, work, jump, paint, chase. The regular verbs form the past and the past participle by adding –ed or –d

IRREGULAR VERBS: Fly, keep, read, forget, built. In the irregular verbs the past tense and the past participle is not formed

by adding –ed.
AUXILIARY VERBS: To be, To do, To have. They are helping verbs, they add functional or gramatical meaning to the clause in
which they occur, so as to express tense, aspect, modality, voice, emphasis, etc.

AUXILIARY MODAL VERBS: Can, may, must, should, ought to, will. The modal verbs add meaning to the main verb in a

sentence by expressing ability, possibility, permission, obligation, advice.

 PRONOUNS

Personal or Subject Pronouns I YOU HE SHE IT WE YOU THEY

Object Pronouns ME YOU HIM HER IT US YOU THEM

Possessive Pronouns MINE YOURS HIS HERS ITS OURS YOURS THEIRS

*Possessive Adjectives MY YOUR HIS HER ITS OUR YOUR THEIR

Reflexive Pronouns MYSELF YOURSELF HIMSELF HERSELF ITSELF OURSELVES YOURSELVES THEMSELVES

Demonstrative Pronouns THIS / THESE THAT / THOSE

Relative Pronouns WHO, WHICH, THAT, WHOSE, WHERE, WHEN

Interrogative Pronouns WHO, WHICH, WHOM, WHAT , WHOSE,

Indefinite Pronouns SOME-, ANY-, SOMETHING, SOMEBODY, EVERYONE, EVERYBODY, NOBODY, ETC.