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WITH ASSISTANCE FROM THE
""' UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA FOUNDATION, INC.
80" 76' 72' 61" 64" eo· 156" 52' ...
ARGENTINA
About the Authors ...
Copyright ©1991 ,
Oklahoma Museum of Natural History
Ali Rights Reserved
Published in Non'nan, Oklahoma, U. S. A.
CONTENTS
INDICE DE MATERIAS
Acknowledgments, Agradeciinientos ....................................................... 11
Introduction, Iritroducción ......................................................................... 13
About this Book, Como Usar este Libro ...................................... :............. 18
Key to the Orders and Families ................................................................. 19
Clave de Ordenes y Familias ..................................................................... 32
Order Marsupialia (Marsupials, Marsupiales) .......................................... 46
Family Didelphidae (Opossuíns, Comadrejas, Colicortos) ................... 47
O Didelphis albiventris .......................................................................... 48
(White-eared Opossum, Comadreja Común)
O Lutreolina crassicaudata ................................................................... 50
(Little Water Opossum, Comadreja <:;olorada)
O Monodelphis dimidiata ...................................................................... 52
(Short-tailed Owssum, Colicorto Pampeano)
O Thylamys elegans ............................................................................... 54
(Elegant Mouse Opossum, Comadreja Enana)
O Thylamys pusillus ........................................................................... 56
(Common Mouse Opossum, Comadreja Enana Común)
Order Chiroptera (Bats, Murciélagos) ....................................................... 58
Family Phyllostomidae (Nose-leafBats, Murciélagos de Hoja Nasal) .... 59
O Artibe.u s planirostris ................. ~ ........................................................ 60
(Flat-faced Fruit-eating Bat, Falso Vampiro Grande)
O Chrotopterus auritus .......................................................................... 62
(Peters' Woolly False Vampire Bat, Falso Vampiro Orejón)
O Desmodus rotundus ........................................................................... 64
(Vampire ~at, Vampiro Común)
O Sturnira erythromos ........................................................................... ·66
(Small Yellow-shouldered Bat, Frutero Chico Oscuro)
O Sturnira lilium .................................................................................... 68
(Small Yellowrshouldered Bat, Frutero Chico Oscuro)
O Sturnira oporaphilum ........................................................................ 70
(Large Yellow-shouldered Bat, Frutero Grande)
Family Vespertilionidae (Vespertilionid Bats, Murciélagos Chicos) ... 73
O Eptesicus diminutus ........................................................................... 74
(Dirninutive Brown Bat, Murciélago Pardo Chico)
O Eptesicus furinalis ............................................................................. 76
(Argentine Brown Bat, Murc¿élago Pardo Común)
5
O Histiotus macrotus ............................................................................. 78 O Myrmecophaga tridactyla ................................................................ 118
(Big-eared Brown Bat, Murciélago Orejón Grande) (Giant Anteater, Oso Hormiguero)
O Lasiurus borealis ............................................................................... 80 O Tamandua tetradactyla .................................................................... 120
(Red Bat, Murciélago Rojizo) (Tamandua, Oso Melero
O Lasiurus cinereus ............................................................................... 82 Family Dasypodidae (Armadillos, Quirquinchos, Gualacate, Mulita) ... 123
(Hoary Bat, Murciélago Blancuzco) O Cabassous chacoensis ..................................................................... 124
O Lasiurus ega ................................................................................. i .... 84 (Chacoan Naked-tailed Al1Iladillo, Cabasú Chico)
(Southern Yellow Bat, Murciélago Leopado~ , O Chaetophractus vellerosus .................... ~ ......................................... 126
O Myotis albescens ................................................................................. 86 (Screaming Armadillo, Quirquincho Chico)
(Silver-tipped Myotis, Murcielaguito de Vientre Blanco) · · O Euphractus sexcinctus ..................................................................... 128
O Myotís keaysi .........................·............................................................ 88 (Six-banded ArmadiÍlo, Gualacate)
(Hairy-legged Myotis, Murcielaguito Patas Peludas) O Tolypeutes matacus .......................................................................... 130
O Myotis levis ........................................................................................ 90 (Southem Three-banded Armadillo, Quirquincho Bola)
(Common Myotis, Murcielaguito Común) Order Lagomorpha (Rabbits, Hares, Conejos, Liebres) .......................... 133
O Myo'tis nigricans ................................................................................ 92 Family Leporidae (Rabbits, Hares, Conejos, Liebres) ........................ 133
(Black Myotis, Murcielaguito Oscuro) O Sylvilagus brasiliensis ..................................................................... 134
Family Molossidae (Free-tailed Bats, Murciélagos Cola de Ratón) ..... 95 (Forest Rabbit, Tapití)
O Eumops bonariensis ................................................................. :......... % Order Rodentia (Rodents, Roedores) ........... :.......................................... 136
(Peters' Mastiff Bat,,, Molosso Orejón Pardo) '. , Family Cricetidae (Mice, Rats, Pequeños Roedores, Lauchas) .......... 137
O Eumops dabbenei ...................... -:-...................... :............................... 98 O Akodon alterus ................................................................................. 138
(Big Mastiff Bat, ,Moloso Orejón Grande) (Bunchgrass Grass Mouse, Ratón de ~os Pastizales)
o, Eumops glauci~us - ........'. ................................................................... 100 O Akodon boliviensis ............. .'............................................................. 140
(Wagner's Mastiff Bat, Moloso Orejón Blanquecino) (Bolivian Grass Mouse, Ratón Plomizo)
O Eumops patagonicus ........................................................................ 102 O Akodon caenosus ............................................................................. 142
(Patagonian Mastiff Bat, Moloso Orejón Gris) (Unicolored Grass Mouse, Ratón Unicolor)
O Eumops perotis ................................................................................ 104 O Akodon illuteus ................................................................................. 144
(Greater Mastiff Bat, Moloso Orejón Gigante) (Gray Grass Mouse, Ratón Grande)
O Molossops temminckii ......................................... ,............................ 106 O Akodon simulator ............................................................................ 146
(D,w arfDog-faceq Bat, Moloso Pigmeo) · '(Gray-bellied Gr~s Mouse, Ratón Variado)
'O Molossus rr,olossus ..'.............................................................. :......... 108 O Andinomys edax ................................................... :........................... 148
(Pallas' Mastiff Bat, Moloso Cola Gruesa Chico) ' (Andean Rat, Ratón Andino)
O Nyctinomops macrotis ..................................................................... 110 O Bolomys lactens ............................................................................... 150
(Big Free-tailed Bat, Moloso Cola de Ratón Grande) (Rufous-bellied Grass Mouse, Ratón Ventrirufo)
O Promops nasutus .............................................................................. 112 O Calomys callosus ............................................................................. 152
(Brown Mastiff Bat, Moloso Cola Larga Chico) (Large Vesper Mouse, Laucha Grande)
D Tadarida brasiliensis ~ ...................................................................... 114 O , Calomys laucha ............................................................................... 154
(Guano Bat, Moloso Común) (Vesper Mouse, Laucha Chica)
, Order Xenarthra (Edentates, Edentados)' ................................................. 116 O Calomys lepidus ........................ :................................... ................... 156
Family Myrmecophagidae (Giant Anteater, Tamandua, Oso Hormiguero, (Andean Vesper Mouse, Laucha Andina)
' 1
Oso ,Melero) .......................... ~ ........................ :..................... . ........... 117 O Calomys musculinus ........ ,......................................... :..................'... 158
6 7
(Drylands Vesper Mouse, Laucha Bimaculada)
(Catamarca Tucu Tuco, Tucu Tuco Catamarqueño)
O Eligmodontia moreni ....................................................................... 160
O Ctenomys latro ................................................................................. 202
(Monte Gerbil Mouse, Laucha Colilarga Bayo del Monte)
(Mottled Tucu Tuco, Tucu Tuco Manchado)
O Graomys domorum .......................................................................... 162
O Ctenomys occultus ........................................................................... 204
(Pale Leaf-eared Mouse, Pericote Pálido)
(Furtive Tucu Tuco, Tucu Tuco Montaraz)
O Graomys griseoflavus ...................................................................... 164
O Ctenomys tuconax ............................................................................ 206
(Gray Leaf-eared Mouse, Pericote Común)
(Robust Tucu Tuco, Tucu Tuco Robusto)
O Holochilus brasiliensis .................................................................... 166
O Ctenomys tucumanus ....................................................................... 208
(Marsh Rat, Ratón Colorada)
(Tucuman Tucu Tuco, Tucu Tuco Tucumano)
O Oryzomysflavescens ........................................................................ 168
Family Abrocomidae (Chinchilla Rat, Rata Chinchilla) ..................... 210
(Y ellowish Rice Rat, Colilargo Chico)
O Abrocoma cinerea ............................................................................ 210
O Oryzomys longicaudatus .................................................................. 170
(Chinchilla Rat, Rata Chinchilla)
(Common Rice Rat, Colilargo Común)
Order Carnívora (Cats, Foxes, Raccoons, Gatos, Zorros, Zorrinos) ....... 212
O Oxymycterus paramensis ................................................................. 172
Family Canidae (Foxes, Zorros) .......................................................... 213
(Burrowing Mouse, Hocicudo Parameño)
O Cerdocyon thous .............................................................................. 214
O Phyl/otis darwini .............................................................................. 174
(Forest Fox, Zorro de Monte)
(Darwin's Leaf-eared Mouse, Pericote Panza Gris)
O Pseudalopex culpaeus ...................................................................... 216
O Phyllotis osilae ................................................................................ 176
(Andean Red Fox, Zorro Colorado) .
(Bunchgrass Leaf-eared Mouse, Pericote Grande)
O Pseudalopex griseus ........................................................................ 218
D Reithrodon auritus ............. :..................................................... .'....... 178
(Argentine Gray Fox, Zorro Gris Chico, Chilla) , ·
(Bunny Rat, Rata Conejo)
O Pseudalopex gymnocercus ............................................................... 220
Family Caviidae (Cavies, Cuises, Conejo del Palo) ............................ 181
(Pampas Fox, Zorro Pampa)
O _ Cavia tschudii .............. ............. ... ...... ....... .. ...... ................... ....... ..... 182
Family Procyonidae (Raccoon, Coatí, Osito Lavador) ....................... 223
(Montane Cavy, Cuis Serrano)
O Nasua nasua .................................................................................... 224
O Galea musteloides ............................................................................ 184
(Southern Coati, Coatí, Sacho-mono)
(Common Yellow-toothed Cavy, Cuis Común)
O Procyon cancrivorus ........................................................................ 226
O Microcavia australis ........................................................................ 186
(Crab-eating Raccoon, Osito Lavador, Mayuato)
(Southern Dwarf Cavy, Cuis Chico)
Family Mustelidae (Weasels, Skunks, Otter, Hurones, Zorrinos, Lobito
O Pediolagus salinicola ..................................................... :: ............... 188
. de Río) ............................................................................................. 229
(Chacoan Cavy, Conejo del Palo)
O Conepatus chinga ............................................................................ 230
Family Chinchillidae (Chinchillas, Vizcachas) ................................... 191
(Common Hog-nosed Skunk, Zorrino Común)
O Lagidium viscascia .......................................................................... 192
O Eira barbara .................................................................................... 232
(Mountain Viscacha, Chinchillón)
(Tayra, Hurón Mayor, Gato Perro, Eira)
O ·Lagostomus maximus ....................................................................... 194
O Galictis cuja ..................................................................................... 234
(Plains Viscacha, Vizcacha)
(Lesser Grison, Hurón Menor)
Family Myocastoridae (Nutria, Coipo) .................................... ;.......... 196
O . Lutra longicaudis ............................................................................. 236
O Myocastor coypus ............................................................................ 196
(Southern River Otter, Lobito de Río)
(Nutria, Coipo)
O Lyncodon patagonicus ..................................................................... 238
Family Ctenomyidae (Tucu Tucos, Ocultos) ...................................... 198
(Patagonian Weasel, Huroncito)
O Ctenomys knighti ............................................................................. 200
· Family Fel~dae (Cats, Gatos) ............................................................... 241
8 9
support available to Mares, Ojeda and publicación de este libro. La facultad INTRODUCTION INTRODUCCION
Barquez for research and compilation de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto
of data, as well as supporting Miguel Lillo de la Universidad Geographic setting and habitats. Aspectos geográfu:os y hábitat.
publication of the book. The Facultad Nacional de Tucumán asistió a Tucuman Provirice, located in La provincia de Tucumán, localizada
de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Barquez en sus esfuerzos de northwestern Argentina and en el noroeste de argentina, con sus
Miguel Lillo assisted Barquez with investigación desde 1976 y a Mares containing 22,524 km2, is the 22.524 km2, es la más pequeña
bis research efforts since 1976, as en los años 1972 y 1974. El Centro country' s smallest province-also its provincia del país, aunque la más
well as Mares in 1972and1974. The Regional d~ Investigaciones most densely populated. Despite densamente poblada. A pesar de su
Centro Regio1;1al de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas asistió a Ojeda Tucuman's small size, however, the pequeño tamaño es, sin epibargo, una
Científicas y Técnicas aided Ojeda y ·Mares en diversos planes de province supports an especially rich provincia especialmente rica, tanto
and Mares in carrying out fauna! investigación. El Camegie Museum flora andfauna. Within its borders lie enfaunacomoenflora. Dentrodesus
research. The Camegie Museum in en Pittsburgh (Craig Black, Hugh the Chacoan thom forest, the montane límites se encuentran varios ambientes
Pittsburgh (Craig Black, Hugh Genoways y Duane Schlitter) ofreció Chaco, the lowland Monte Desert, fitogeográficos, como el bosque
Genoways and Duane Schlitter) ayuda financiera y logística a todos and the highland deserts of the puna chaqueño, el chaco montano, el
offered financia! and logistic help to nosotros en la década de los años 70, and prepuna. The province also desierto del monte, y los desiertos de
allofusinthe 1970s,andtheAmerican y el American Museum of Natural contains the southemmost major altura, como la prepuna y la puna.
Museum ofNatural History (Sydney History (S. Anderson y Karl portion of the subtropical Bolivian También contiene las porciones más
Anderson and Karl Koopman) made Koopman) ofrecieron ayuda forest, a habitat extending as far south australes de los bosques subtropicales
available financia! support to B arquez financiera a Barquez en 1987. as Catamarca Province, but being de Bolivia, los cuales se extienden
in 1987. We also thank the curators Tambien agradecemos a los much richer in Tucuman. The high hacia el sur hasta la provincia · de
and staff members of the Mammal mastozoólogos y técnicos del elevation eastem slopes of the pre- Catamarca, aunque siendo
Division, Smithsonian lnstitution, Smithsonian lnstitution, British Andean chains support deciduous notablemente más ricos en Tucumán.
Washington, D. C., the British Museum, Natural History, y Museo alder forests. There is great También se encuentran bosques
Museum, Natural History, London, Argentino de Ciencias Naturales topographic diversity in Tucuman, deciduos de alisos en las laderas de
and the Museo Argentino de Ciencias "Bemardino Rivadavia" para su ayuda with the lowest portions of the las cadenas montañosas preandinas.
Naturales "Bemardino Rivadavia" in en facilitar sus colecciones de province being below 400 m elevation Tucumán presenta una gran
Buenos Aires, who made specimens mamíferos de Tucumán, como así la in the thom scrub habitat of eastem diversidad topográfica, con el punto
in their collections available to us and ayuda en identificar especímenes Tucuman, and the highest point being más bajo en las planicies del este
assisted with specimen identification. coleccionados en la provincia. El Cerro del Bolsón, at 5550 m in the (menos de 400 m) y el punto más alto
CONICETprovided financia! support CONICET posibilitó tanto a Barquez southwestem mountains along the a 5550 m en los nevados del
to both Barquez and Ojeda for many comoaOjedaeldesarrollodeestudios border with Catamarca Province. Aconquija. La precipitación también
years. Finally, we thank the National científicos por varios años. Precipitation also varies greatly: es altamente variable en los diferentes
Science Foundation, Grant BSR- Finalmente, agradecemos a la Amaicha del Valle, in the Monte puntos de la provincia, cayendo en
8906665 forpermitting extensivefield National Science Foundation de los Desert, receives only 160 mm of rain Amaicha del Valle, en el desierto del
research in Tucuman in 1990-91, Estados Unidos (beca BSR-8906665) per year, whereas the subtropical monte, a solo 160 mm de lluvia por
research that allowed us to finish this por permitirnos desarrollar extensivos montane forest within 50 km of the año, mientras que los bosques
guide. trabajos de campo en Tucumán en capital city ofSanMiguel de Tucuman subtropicales no muy lejanos de la
1990-1991, lo que dió lugar a la may receive up to 3000 mm of ciudad capital, San Miguel de
finalización de esta guia. precipitation each year. From the Tucumán, pueden recibir por encima
lowland Chacoan scrublands, which de 3000 mm cada año. Desde la
never receive snow, to the aridez del chaco hasta las nieves
12 13
oping the mammal collection of the guía publicada sobre la fauna de "Garden ofthe Republic'', it is still a cerse reservas en el bosque chaqueño
Instituto Lillo, of which Barquez is mamíferos de la provincia de faunistically rich province. See how para devolver a ese ambiente la
now curator. That collection, and Tucumán. La idea para escribir este rich it is. Reflect on how rich it was. diversidad de fauna de grandes
those made by us over the last two libro comenzó cuando Mares se Imagine how rich it could be again. mamíferos que hasta poco tiempo
decades, are the basis for this work. desempeñaba como Profesor de atrás vivían allí. Las vicuñas podrían
, W e hope that this book will alert Ecología en la Facultad de Ciencias reintroducirsedesde otras poblaciones
people to the richness of the native Naturales de la Universidad Nacional ya establecidas; los guanacos podrían
fauna. With such a marvelous biota, de Tucumán en el año 1972, y Barquez manejarse para expander sus
there is no reason to introduce exotic y Ojeda eran alumnos de grado. poblaciones, y las tarucas podrían,
speciesfromEuropeor Africa, which Numerosos datos sobre los mamíferos una vez más, habitar a lo largo de su
will only interfere with the natural de la provincia fueron obtenidos por rango de distribución original en la
ecosystems of the province. It is el Sr. E. Budin, en la década de los provincia. Los exuberantes bosques
preferable to initiate plans to restore años 20, cuando él colectaba para el que aún perduran podrían nuevamente
the native mammals. Habitats still granmastoozólogo británico, Oldfield escuchar el crujir de la vegetación
remain to support the reintroduction Thomas. Desde 1950 a 1980, Dr. ante el avance de los tapires y los
of species that have been extirpated. Claes Ch. Olrog, fue especialmente aullidos de los monos al amanecer.
Now that most species are protected importante en el relevamiento Un plan agresivo de conservación
and can be managed wisely, there is faunístico de la provincia, podría lograr esto y mucho más. Sin
simply no reason not to pursue their incrementando y desarrollando la embargo, deberíamos primero
reintroduction to their original habi- Colección de Mamíferos del Instituto conocer y apreciar las especies que
tats. Reserves can still be established Miguel Lillo, en la cual Barquez se todavía embellecen a la provincia.
in the Chacoan thom forest to bring desempeña actualmente como Este libro está diseñado para permitir
back the diverse fauna oflarger mam- Curador. Esa colección, como otras al lector la identificación de todas las
mals that was found there only a short hechas por nosotros, representan la especies hasta ahora conocidas en la
time ago. Vicunas can be reintro- base para este trabajo. provincia de Tucumán. A pesar de la
duced from other established popula- Tenemos la esperanza de que este pérdida de muchas de las especies, el
tions, guanacos can be managed to libro contribuirá a alertar al pueblo Jardín de la República es aún una
éxpand their numbers, and huemuls sobre su fauna, la que por ser tan rica provincia faunísticamente muy rica.
can once again inhabit their former y maravillosa no justifica ninguna Observe lo rica que es; compare con
range. The lush forests that remain razó~paralaintroduccióndeespecies
lo rica que fué; imagine lo rica que
can again resound with the crashing exóticas, las que solo interfieren con prodría volver a ser.
of tapirs through the bush and the los ecosistemas naturales de la
howls of monkeys at dawn. An ag- provincia. Los ambientes naturales
gressive conservation plan could ac- aún pueden, sin embargo, soportar la
complish all this and more. But first, reintroducción deespecies nativas que
one has to know and appreciate those han sido eliminadas. Hoy en día,
species that still grace the province. existiendo áreas naturales protegidas
This book is designed to perrnit one to que pueden manejarse inteli-
identify all species of mammals that gentemente, no hay razones para no
today occur in Tucuman. In spite of impulsar la reintroducción de estas '
the loss of many species from the especies. Pueden también estable-
16 17
ABOUT THIS BOOK COMO USAR ESTE LIBRO KEY TO THE ORDERS AND F AMILIES
In the sections that follow, we En las páginas que siguen hay This key is based on extemal characteristics of mammals that can be '
presenta taxonomic key and pro vide un~ clave taxonómica para used to identify specimens in the field. For sorne species, it will be
a complete species account for all identificar a todas las 95 especies de necessary to have the animal in hand to be able to identify it with any
95 species of native mammals mamíferos nativos de la provincia. degree of confidence. ·
known to occur in Tucuman Prov- No consideramos ni exóticas ni
ince. We do not consider exotics or especies de ocurrencia probable.
species of probable, occurrence. Uso de este libro debería permitir la 1 Forelimbs modified as wings ........................................................... .
Using this guide should permit one identificación de casi todas las ..................................................................... Chiroptera (Bats, p. 58)
to identify almost all species kno~n especies de Tucumári. Sin embargo, l' Forelimbs not moaified as wings .................................................... 2
from Tucuman. Habitats are given hay varias (ej. algunos murciélagos
and will oCten assist in narrowing o ratones) que resultarán difícil de 2 Snout long and tubular; body heavily covered 'Yith fur, or sno,ut short,
down an identification. Sorne spe- identificar sin consulta¡; a un but body covered by a bony shell; incisors and canines absent
ciys, such as several rodents or bats, especialista. Medidas son métricas ............................................................ Xenarthra (Edentates, p.116)
will not be able to be identified with y usamos términos co'munes para 2' Snout not long and tubular; body nqt covered by a bon y shell; incisors
confidence without a determination los colores. También tratamos en lo present; canines present or absent ..................................................... 3
being made QY a specialist-they posible de no usar palabras técnicas
are simply too difficult to identify para que sea útil el libro para los que 3 One o~ 2 pairs of upper incisors, 1 pair of lower incisors ..·............. 4
in the field. All measurements are no son especialistas en 3' Fewer or more upper incisors, always more than 1 pair of lower
metric, and ali colo~s are described mastozoología. Finalmente, aunque incisors .... ,.............................................................. .'........ :................. 5
in.commonly used terms. We have hemos trabajado en la provincia por
attempted to avoid technical termi- muchos afios; todavía hay nuevas 4 . Two pair of upper in~isors, the second posterior to the first, 1 pair of
nology in order to make the book cosas para descrubir-nuevas lower incisors ...................................................................................... .
user friendly. Finally, even though especies para la provincia, y hasta ......... Lagomorpha (Rabbits) ............ (Sylvilagus brasiliensis, p.133)
we have worked in the province for para la ciencia. Hay poco tan 4' · One pair of upper and one pair of lower incisors ............................ ..
many years, it still cannot be con- divertido o excitante como ......................................................... Rodentia (Rodents) ...................8
sidered completely studied. Of this e~contrando nuevas cosas en la
we are certain, new species for the naturaleza. Esperemos que este libro 5 Five pairs of upper and 4 pairs of lower incisors; thumb opposable
province will be found, and species sea útil para los que van a encontrar ........................................................ Marsupialia (Marsupials, p. 46)
new to science remain to be di$cov- 5' Zero, 1, 2, ot 3 pairs of upper incisors, 3 pairs of lower incisors ..6
ered. There is little that can rival the
"algo nuevo" en los variados y
hermosos hahitats de Tucumán.
. '
excitement of new discoveries that ' 6 Feet with well-developed claws; tail :-ven developed ............... ~ ...... .
is associated with field work. We ......................................... Carnívora (Carnivores) ..................... 13
hope that this field guide will prove 6' Feet with hooves; tail reduced ....................................................... 7
usefu1 to those who will find new
~ngs in the varied and beautiful 7 Three pairs of upper incisors; major digit of ali four feet larger than
.hab~ tats of T,ucu~an Prbvinc~. other digits; rostrum elongated inf.O fleshy trunk; antlers absent
.......... ,.... .Perissodactyla (Tapir) ...1.......... : . (Tapirus terrestris, p. 255) ·
18 19
7' Zero, 1 or 2 pairs of upper incisors; 2 principal digits on feet of 17 Pelage long and woolly; males lacking antlers ................................ .
equal size; rostrum not elongated into fleshy trunk; males with or .................................................... Camelidae (Lamaguanicoe, p. 272)
without antlers ................ Artiodactyla (Artiodactyls) ............. 16 17' Pelage short and stiff; males with antlers ................. Cervidae (p. 265)
8 Hind feet with stiff bristles outlining them; ears greatly reduced .....
MARSUPIALIA
............................................................................ Ctenomyidae (p.198)
8' Hind feet without a fringe of stiff bristles; ears not reduced, or may
e ven be elongated ........................................................................... 9 1 Body size large, head-body greater than 300 mm; pouch present,
complete, or atrophied ................................................................... 2
9 Tail greatl y reduced or absent.. ................................. Caviidae (p.181) 1' Body size smaller, head-body less than 200 mm; pouch absent .... 3
9' Tail long, well developed ............................................................. 10
2 Color black or grayish white; ears long, colored black and white;
10 Tail with dorsal fringe of long stiff hairs ....... Chinchillidae (p.191) body not elongate; head-body 300-500 mm .................................... .
10' Tail without dorsal fringe ............................................................. 11 ................................................................. Didelphis albiventris (p. 48)
2' Uniform reddish color; ears small and black; body elongate; head-
11 Head-body greater than 400 mm ...................................................... . body 200-250 mm ........................... Lutreolina crassicaudata (p. 50)
.......................................... Myocastoridae (Myocastorcoypus, p.196)
11' Head-body less than 200 mm ....................................................... 12 3 Color gray; belly white or yellowish; tail long, more than 100 mm
......................................................................................................... 4
12 Head-body around 200 mm; 20 total teeth ..................................... . 3' Color dark reddish gray; belly color like dorsum, but paler; tail
........................................... Abrocomidae (Abrocoma cine rea, p. 210) short, less than 50 mm ....................... Monodelphis dimidiata (p. 52)
12' Head-body lessthan 180mm; 16total teeth .......... Cricetidae(p.137)
4 Belly pure white; head-body less than 95 mm ................................. .
13 Claws retractile; molars more than 1/1; 30 total teeth ..................... . ..................................................................... Thylamys pusillus (p. 56)
...................................................................................... Felidae (p. 241) 4' Belly yellowish, mixed with gray; head-body greater than 100 mm
13' Claws not retractile; molars 1/1; more than 30 teeth ................... 14 ..................................................................... Thylamys elegans (p.54)
14 Tail with circular bands; molars 2/4 ................... Procyonidae (p. 223) CHIROPTERA
14' Tail not banded; molars not 2/4 ................................................... 15
1 Noseleaf present ............................................................................. 2
15 Coloration includes stripes of varying width, generally black and 1' Noseleaf absent .............................................................................. 7
white; if stripes lacking, hindfeet are webbed; legs short; molars
1/2 ........................................................................... Mustelidae (p. 229) 2 Body large, forearm greater than 60 mm; uropatagium present .... 3
15' Coloration without stripes; no webbing on hindfeet; Iegs elongated; 2' Body size smaller, forearm less than 60 mm; uropatagium absent ...
molars 3/3 .................................................................. Canidae (p. 213) ......................................................................................................... 4
16 Neck and legs greatly elongated .................................................. 17 3 Noseleaf well developed; uropatagium well developed; upper
16' Neck short, head only slightly differentiated from body; legs Iess incisors normal ............................................................................... 6
elongate ............................................................... Tayassuidae (p. 259)
20 21
3' Noseleaf reduced; uropatagium reduced to a narrow band; upper l2 Base of uropatagium (where it attaches to the body) with hairs;
incisors modified in to a cutting blade ..... Des modus rotundus (p. 64) upper incisors of similar size; first and second upper premolars
very small ..................................................................................... 13
4 Lower incisors bilobed; inner margins of lower molars smooth ... S 12' Base of uropatagium naked; upper incisors unequal in size,
4' Lower incisors trilobed; inner margins of lower molars serrated .... . extemals larger than intemals, one well-developed upper premolar
.......................................................................... Sturnira lilium (p. 68) .. ..................................................................................................... 16
5 Forearm greater than 44 mm; middle upper incisors with flattened 13 Border of uropatagium whitish, with sparse fringe of hairs ........ 14
edges .................................................... Sturnira oporaphilum (p. 70) 13' Border or uropatagium dark, without sparse fringe ..................... 15
5' Forearm less than 43 mm; middle upper incisors with rounded
edges ....................................................... Sturnira erythromos (p. 66) 14 Venter whitish, especially on abdomen and in perianal region; feet
rounded ......................................................... Myotis albescens (p. 86)
6 Ears large, extending beyond tip of nose when laid forward; 14' Venter yellowish, never white; feet not rounded .. Myotis le vis (p. 90)
forearm greater than 70 mm; face without white stripes ................. .
.. ················ .............................................. e
hrotopterus auritus (p. 62) 15 Dorsum dark with hairs slightly bicolored; sorne hairs extend over
6' Ears smaller, not extending beyond tip of nose when laid forward; the proximal third of the legs; forearm greater than 40 mm ............. .
forearm less than 69 mm; face with white stripes ............................ . ............................................................................ Myotiskeaysi(p.88)
................................................................. Artibeusplanirostris(p.60) 15' Dorsum dark with unicolored hairs; legs naked; forearm less than
36mm ........................................................... Myotis nigricans(p.92)
7 Tail completely enclosed in uropatagium ...................................... 8
7' Tail partially enclosed in uropatagium ........................................ 17 16 Forearm less than 35mm ........................ Eptesicusdiminutus(p. 74)
16' Forearmgreaterthan 37 mm ..................... Eptesicusfurinalis(p. 76)
8 Ears very large and fan-shaped, generally longer than 25mm,
extending beyond the tip of the nose when laid forward ................. . 17 Upper lips with deep furrows and wrinklcs ................................. 18
................................................................... Histiotusmacrotus(p. 78) 17' Upper lips smooth ........................................................................ 19
8' Ears shorter, pointed or rounded, less than 20 mm, not extending
beyond nose when laid forward ..................................................... 9 18 Forearm 58-63 mm .............................. Nyctinomops macrotis(p.110)
18' Forearmless than46mm ...................... Tadarida brasiliensis(p.114)
9 Uropatagium densely covered with hair on dorsum .................... 10
9' Uropatagium more or less lacking fur on dorsum ....................... 12 19 Ears obviously separate; forearm less than 34 mm .......................... .
............................................................... Molossops temmincki (p.106)
10 Uropatagium with dorsal proximal surface covered with fur, distal 19' Ears united at base or very close to each other; forearm greater
one-half naked; color yellowish ......................... Lasiurus ega (p. 84) than 34 mm .................................................................................. 20
10' Dorsal surface of uropatagium completely furred; color mottled,
gray or red, not uniform ............................................................... 11 20 Ears small; medial ridge on snout ................................................ 25
20' Ears large; no medial ridge on snout ............................................ 21
11 Forearm greater than 50 mm ...................... Lasiurus cinereus (p. 82)
11' Forearm less than 45 mm ............................ Lasiurus borealis (p. 80) 21 Forearm greater than 70 mm ........................................................ 22
21' Forearm less than 70 mm ............................................................. 23
22 23
, Bony carapace with more than three (6 or 7) moveable bands ...... 4
22 Ears when laid forward not reaching end of nose ............................ . 3
......................... ................... ............... .......... Eumops dabbenei (p. 98) 4 Tail naked, lacking bony scales ......... Cabassous chacoensis (p.124)
22' Ears when laid forward reaching end of nose .................................. .
4• Tail covered with bon y scales ........................................................ 5
......................................................................... Eumops perotis (p.104)
5 Head-body greater than 400 mm ........ Euphractus sexcinctus (p.128)
23 Foreann greaterthan 55 mm ..................... Eumops glaucinus (p.100) 5• Head-body less than 300mm ....... Chaetophractus vellerosus (p.126)
23' Forearm less than 50 mm ............................................................. 24
25 Upper incisors shaped like hook, parallel and projected forward ..... 2 Upperincisorsgrooved ............................. Reithrodonauritus(p.118)
...................................................................... Promops nasutus (p.112) 2' Upper incisors not grooved ............................................................ 3
25' Upper incisors convergent and projected downward, their points
touching .................................................... Molossus molossus (p.108) 3 Tail much longer than head-body length ....................................... 4
3' Tail slightly less than, equal to, or slightly longer than head-body
XENARTHRA length .............................................................................................. 5
1 Snout long and tubular; body densely furred, lacking bony 4 Head-body 70-100 mm; tail 90-130 mm; venter yellowish white ....
covering .......................................................................................... 2 ................................................................. Oryzomysflavescens (p.168)
1' Snout short, not tubular; body covered dorsally with bony annor ... 4' Head-body 80-120 mm; tail 100-150 mm; venter gray ................... .
......................................................................................................... 3 ......................................................... Oryzomys longicaudatus ( p.170)
2 Size large, head-body greater than 1000 mm; color gray with a 5 White spot behind each ear ............................................................ 6
5' Lacking white spot behind each ear ............................................. 10
triangular black patch on the neck, chest and back; tail long and
very hairy, not prehensile; fourth digit on the feet poorly developed
6 Hind feet with a large central plantar tubercle ................................. .
....................................................... Myrmecophagatridactyla (p.118)
2' Size smaller, head-body less than 700 mm; color yellowish tan ............................................................... Eligmodontia moreni (p.160)
with a brown or black vest on the back, sides, and chest; tail furred 6' Hind feet without a large central plantar tubercle .......................... 7
only on the dorsal basal portion, prehensile; fourth digit on each
footwelldeveloped ............................ Tamandua tetradactyla (p.120) 7 Head-body generally greater than 100 mm ...................................... .
...................................................................... Calomyscallosus(p.152)
3 Bony carapace with three moveable bands ...................................... . 7' Head-body less than 100 mm ......................................................... 8
.................................................................. Tolypeutes matacus (p.130)
25
24
8 Venter white, strongly contrasting with flanks; white spot behind 15' Color dark brown or olive; inner margin of ears with a few dark
earpronounced .............................................. Calomys laucha (p.154) hairs; inhabit humid forests (generally below 2000 m) ............... 16
8' Venter gray, not contrasting strongly with flanks; spot behind ear
diffuse ............................................................................................ 9 16 Dark brown dorsally with buffy tints, flanks not contrasting with
dorsum ...................................................... Akodonboliviensis(p.140)
9 Flanks yellowish; inner surface of ear gray; no dorsal dark band .... 16' Dorsum olivaceous brown, flanks yellowish buff ........................... .
................................................................ Calomys musculinus (p.158) ...................................................................... Akodoncaenosus(p.142)
9' Flanks gray; inner surface of ears yellowish; diffuse dorsal dark
band ............................................................... Calomys lepiáus (p.156) 17 Tail terminating in a small tuft of hairs ....................................... 18
17' Tail without a terminal tuft .......................................................... 19
10 Snout and nails long ..................................................................... 11
10' Snout and nails normal ................................................................. 12 18 Venter, especially the chin and throat, pure white .......................... ..
............................................................... Graomys griseojlavus (p.164)
11 Color reddish; head-body about 150 mm; tail 110 mm .................. .. 18' Venter, including chin and throat, gray with base of hairs slate .......
......................................................... Oxymycterusparamensis(p.112) ....................................................................... Phyllotisdarwini(p.114)
11' Color lead gray; head-body 100-120 mm; tail 80-95 mm ............... .
......................................................................... Akodonilluteus(p.144) 19 Venteroftail withamedialdarkline ........... Andinomysedax(p.148)
19' Venter of tail without a medial line ............................................. 20
12 White spot on the chin ................................................................. 13
12' Chin without white spot ............................................................... 14 20 Head-body 90-120 mm; tail 90-130 mm; pelage long and soft;
venter gray, with an ochraceous patch (at times diffuse) on the
13 Dorsal coloration reddish brown; venter and flanks grayish; head chest; flanks yellowish .................................... Phyllotis osilae (p.176)
grayish; rump and head reddish brown; white spot on chin may be 20' Head-body 130-150 mm; tail 150-180 mm; pelage short and stiff;
diffuse; incisors not proodont; inhabits humid forest, generally venter yellowish white, without an ochraceous chest patch; flanks
below 1500m ............................................. Akodonsimulator(p.146) ochraceous cinnamon ............................... Graomys domorum (p.162)
13' Dorsal color reddish brown; flanks, belly, and rump cinnamon;
head buffy; white spot on chin pronounced; incisors obviously Family Caviidae
proodont; inhabits montane zones above 1500 m ............................ .
........................................................................ Bolomys lacte ns (p.150) 1 Size large, head-body greater than 400 mm; tail greatly reduced;
legs long and delicate; ears large .......... Pediolagus salinicola (p.188)
14 Size smaller, head-body less than 100 mm; weight less than 40 g ... l' Size smaller, head-body less than 250 mm; tail absent; legs short;
....................................................................................................... 15 ears short with a dorsal notch ......................................................... 2
14' Size larger, head-body greater than 100 mm; tail greater than 90
mm; ears large and leaf-like, greater than 21 mm; weight more than 2 Incisors yellow; chin with abare spot (submandibular gland) .........
40 g .............................................................................................. 17 ..................................................................... Galea musteloiáes (p.184)
2' Incisors white; chin without a bare spot ........................................ 3
15 CoJor pale brown or tan; yellowish hairs on inner margin of ears;
inhabits high gras~lands (above 2000 m) ........ Akodon alterus (p.138)
26 27
3 Venter yellowish gray; tragus and antitragus well developed ......... . ORDER CARNIVORA
................................................................. Microcaviaaustralis(p.186) Family Canidae
3' Venterwhite; tragus and antitragus atrophied .. Cavia tschudü (p.182)
1 With black spots on the leg above the heel .................................... 2
Family Chinchillidae 1' Without black spots on the leg above the heel ............................... 3
1 Dark dorsal medial stripe; face uniformly gray; fore and hindfeet 2 Size larger, head-body about 1000 mm; color reddish gray; black
with 4 toes; head-body 300-400 mm ........ Lagülium viscascia (p.192) spots on the legs above the heel well marked; ochraceous on the
1' Without dark dorsal stripe; face black and white; forefeet with 4 legs, sides of head and behind ears .................................................. .
toes, hindfeet with 3; head-body 450-650mm ................................. . ....................................................... Pseudalopexgymnocercus(p.220)
............................................................... Lagostomus maximus (p.194) 2' Size smaller, head-body 750 mm; pale gray color; diffuse black
spots on the leg above the heel; legs ochraceous, but not the head
Family Ctenomyidae or behind the ears ................................... Pse udalopex griseus (p. 218)
28 29
2' Size smaller, head-body less than 500 mm; no yellowish chest 5' Fur short, without a mane on the dorsum; ochraceous spots
palch; color black and white (occasionally dark reddish brown and elongated and surrounded by black bands .. ...... Felis colocolo (p. 242)
white) or black and gray, with variable lines or bands on dorsum ...
......................................................................................................... 3 Family Tayassuidae
3 Tail with abundant long hairs; color dark with white stripes that 1 Collar of lighter colored hairs evident; legs short; hindfeet with
separate posterior to the head and extend laterally along the well-developed lateraldigits ........................... Tayassu tajacu (p. 262)
dorsum ........................................................ Conepatus chinga (p. 230) l' Collar evident, but more diffuse; legs long; hindfeet lack lateral
3' Tail with short hairs; color grayish, with wide bands that can be digits ......................................................... Catagonus wagneri (p. 260)
white, yellowish tan, or black extending posteriorly from the head,
neck and anterior portions of the body .......................................... 4
Family Cervidae
4 Head-body greater than 400 mm; neck the same color as the
dorsum ................................................................. Galictis cuja (p. 234) 1 Face with black lines above eyes; legs heavy; shoulder height
4' Head-body less than 350 mm; neck with a black patch ................... . greater than 800 mm; males with antlers having 2 points ............... .
............................................................. Lyncodon patagonicus (p. 238) .......................................................... Hippocamelusantisensis(p.266)
l' Pace without black lines over eyes; legs delicate; shoulder height
less than 700 mm; males with simple undivided antlers ................ 2
Family Felidae
2 Color dark brownishred .......................... Mazama americana (p. 268)
1 Color uniform, no spots in adult .................................................... 2 2' Color grayish tan .................................. Mazama gouazoubira (p. 270)
l' Color with variable spots and stripes ............................................. 3
2 Size large, head-body greater than 1000 mm; color grayish to tan
torich brown .................................................... Felisconcolor(p.244)
2' Size smaller, head-body less than 800 mm; color uniform reddish,
grayish or blackish ................................... F elis yagouaroundi (p. 252)
3 Size smaller, head-body less than 510 mm; dark spots scattered
over the body in no geometric pattem ............. Felis geoffroyi (p. 246)
3' Size larger, head-body greater than 530 mm; spots or bands having
an ordered appearance .................................................................... 4
4 With transverse bands from the dorsum to the sides of the body .....
............................................................................ Felisjacobita (p. 248)
4' With ocellated spots ....................................................................... S
30 31
CLAVE DE ORDENES Y FAMILIAS 7 Tres pares de incisivos superiores; dedo principal de las 4 patas
mayor que el resto; trompa carnosa; sin astas en los machos .......... .
Esta clave ha sido elaborada en base a caracteres que faciliten la ...... Perissodactyla (Tapir) ........................(Tapirus terrestris, p. 255)
identificación de las especies en el campo, principalmente en cuanto a 7' Cero, 1 o 2 pares de incisivos superiores; dos dedos principales de
tamaño, coloración, aspecto, u otros que, ocasionalmente, requieren la tamaño similar; sin trompa carnosa; machos con o sin astas, y las
captura y observación de los ejemplares en la mano. astas simples o dobles .......... Artiodactyla (Artiodáctilos) ....... 16
1 Extremidades anteriores modificadas en alas .................................. . 8 Patas posteriores con peines de cerdas duras; orejas muy reducidas
........................................................ Chiroptera (Murciélagos, p. 58) ............................................................................ Ctenomyidae (p.198)
1' Extremidades anteriores no modificadas en alas ........................... 2 8' Patas posteriores sin peines de cerdas duras; orejas menos
reducidas o inclusive alargadas ..................................................... 9
2 Algunos con hocico tubular muy alargado y cuerpo cubierto de
pelos; otros con hocico corto pero cuerpo cubierto con escudos 9 Colaapenasdesarrolladaoausente ........................... Caviidae (p.181)
óseos; incisivos y caninos ausentes ... Xenatthra (Edentados, p.116) 9' Cola larga, bien desarrollada ........................................................ 10
2' Hocico no tubular y cuerpo sin cubierta de escudos óseos; incisivos
presentes; caninos presentes o ausentes ......................................... 3 10 Cola con largos pelos en el lado dorsal, a modo de fleco ................ .
............................................................................ Chinchillidae(p.191)
3 Uno o 2 pares de incisivos superiores; 1 par de incisivos inferiores 10' Cola sin fleco dorsal ..................................................................... 11
......................................................................................................... 4
3' Número mayor o menor de incisivos superiores, pero siempre más 11 Tamaño corporal mayor de 400 mm ................................................ .
de un par de incisivos inferiores .................................................... S .......................................... Myocastoridae (Myocastorcoypus, p.196)
11' Tamaño menor, cabeza y cuerpo no más de 200 mm .................. 12
4 Dos pares de incisivos superiores, el segundo detrás del primero;
un par de incisivos inferiores ..... Lagomorpha (Conejos) ............ . 12 Cabeza y cuerpo alrededor de 200 mm; 20 dientes en total ............ .
:............................................................. (Sylvilagus brasili.ensis, p.133) ........................................... Abrocomidae (Abrocoma cine rea, p. 210)
4' Un par de incisivos superiores y 1 par de inferiores ........................ . 12' Cabeza y cuerpo menor de 180 mm; 16 dientes en total ................. .
............................................................ Rodentia (Roedores) ....... 8 ................................................................................. Cricetidae (p.137)
5 Cinco pares de incisivos superiores y 4 pares de inferiores; pulgar 13 Uñas retráctiles; molares 1/1; 30 dientes total ............. Felidae (p. 241)
oponible ....................................... Marsupialia (Marsupiales, p. 46) 13' Uñas no retráctiles; molares más de 1/1; más de 30 dientes ........ 14
5' Cero, 1, 2 o 3 pares de incisivos superiores, 3 pares de incisivos
inferiores ........................................................................ ................ 6 14 Cola anillada; molares 2/4 .................................. Procyonidae (p. 223)
14' Cola sin anillos; molares no 2/4 ................................................... 15
6 Patas con uñas bien desarrolladas en forma de garras; cola larga ....
................................ Carnivora (Carnivores, Carnívoros) ....... 13 15 Coloración con franjas o líneas de ancho y disposición variable; si
6' Patas con pezuñas; cola corta ......................................................... 7 carece de líneas o franjas, las patas posteriores tienen membranas
interdigitales; piernas cortas; molares 1/2 ............. Mustelidae (p. 229)
32 33
15' Coloración sin franjas ni líneas; sin membranas interdigitales; 1' Hoja nasal ausente .......................................................................... 7
piernas largas; molares 3/3 ............................... Canidae(p.213)
2 Tamaño corporal grande, antebrazo más de 60 mm; uropatagio
16 Cuello y patas muy largas ............................................................ 17 presente .......................................................................................... 3
16' Cuello apenas diferenciado del cuerpo; patas menos largas ............ . 2' Tamaño corporal menor; antebrazo menos de 60 mm; uropatagio
.............................................................................. Tayassuidae(p.259) ausente ............................................................................................ 4
17 Pelaje largo y lanoso; machos sin astas ........................................... . 3 Hoja nasal bien desarrollada; uropatagio bien desarrollado;
.................................................... Camelidae (Lamaguanicoe, p. 272) incisivos superiores normales ........................................................ 6
17' Pelaje corto y duro; machos con astas ...................... Cervidae (p. 265) 3' Hoja nasal reducida; uropatagio reducido a una banda angosta;
incisivos superiores modificados como hojas cortantes .................. .
MARSUPIALIA .............................................................. Des modus rotundus (p. 64)
1 Tamaño corporal grande, cabeza y cuerpo más de 300 mm; con 4 Incisivos inferiores bilobados; bordes internos de los molares
bolsa marsupial presente, completa o atrofiada ............................. 2 inferiores lisos ................................................................................ 5
l' Tamaño corporal menor, cabeza y cuerpo menos de 200 mm; bolsa 4' Incisivos inferiores trilobados; bordes internos de los molares
marsupial ausente ........................................................................... 3 inferiores aserrados ..................................... Sturnira lilium (p. 68)
2 Coloración blanco grisácea o negro; orejas largas, de color blanco 5 Antebrazo mayor de 44 mm; incisivos superiores medios
y negro; cuerpo no alargado; cabeza y cuerpo 300-500 mm ........... . terminados en un margen recto ............ Sturnira oporaphüum (p. 70)
................................................................. Didelphis albiventris (p. 48) 5' Antebrazo menor de 43 mm; incisivos superiores medios
2' Coloración rojiza uniforme; orejas cortas de color negro; cuerpo terminados en un margen redondeado .... Sturnira erythromos (p. 66)
alargado; cabeza y cuerpo 200-250 mm .......................................... .
......................................................... Lutreolina crassicaudata (p. 50) 6 Orejas grandes, sobrepasan el extremo anterior del hocico si se
proyectan hacia adelante; antebrazo más de 70 mm; sin líneas
3 Coloración grisácea; vientre blanco o amarillento; cola larga, más blancas en el rostro ................................ Chrotopterus auritus (p. 62)
de 100 mm ...................................................................................... 4 6' Orejas menores, no sobrepasan el extremo anterior del hocico si se
3' Coloración rojizo grisácea; vientre similar al dorso, aunque más proyectan adelante; antebrazo menor de 69 mm; con líneas blancas
pálido; cola corta, menos de 50 mm .. Monodelphis dimidiara (p. 52) difusas en el rostro ................................. Artibeus planirostris (p. 60)
4 Vientre blanco puro; cabeza y cuerpo menos de 95 mm ................. . 7 Cola completamente incluida en el uropatagio .............................. 8
..................................................................... Thylamys pusillus (p. 56) 7' Cola parcialmente incluida en el uropatagio ................................ 17
4' Vientre amarillento mezclado con gris; cabeza y cuerpo más de
lOOmm ....................................................... Thylamyselegans(p.54) 8 Orejas muy grandes y apantalladas, generalmente más de 25 mm,
sobrepasan el hocico si se proyectan adelante ................................. .
.......................... ......................................... Histiotus macrotus (p. 78)
CHIROPTERA 8' Orejas menores, punteagudas o redondeadas, menos de 20 mm, no
sobrepasan el hocico si se proyectan adelante ............................... 9
1 Hoja nasal presente ........................................................................ 2
34 35
9 Uropatagio con una cubierta densa de pelos en el lado dorsal .... 10 17' Labios superiores lisos ................................................................. 19
9' Uropatagio más o menos desnudo en el lado dorsal .................... 12
18 Antebrazo58-63mm ........................... Nyctinomopsmacrotis(p.110)
10 Cubierta densa de pelos solamente hasta la mitad del lado dorsal 18' Antebrazomenorde46mm .................. Tadaridabrasiliensis(p.114)
del uropatagio; margen terminal desnudo; coloración amarillenta ...
.. .... .... ... .... .... .. ..... ....... .... ... .... .... ... ... ... .. ... .. .. .. ..... .. Lasiurus ega (p. 84) 19 Orejas claramente separadas; antebrazo menor de 34 mm .............. .
10' Cubierta densa de pelos en toda la superficie dorsal del uropatagio, ............................................................... Molossops temmincki (p.106)
sin área desnuda; coloración escarchada, grisácea o rojiza, no 19' Orejas unidas o muy próximas entre si; antebrazo mayor de 34 mm
uniforme ....................................................................................... 11 ······································································································· 20
11 Antebrazo mayor de 50 mm ....................... Lasiurus cinereus (p. 82) 20 Orejas cortas; quilla media en el dorso del hocico ...................... 25
11' Antebrazo menor de 45 mm ........................ Lasiurus borealis (p. 80) 20' Orejas grandes; sin quilla media en el hocico .............................. 21
12 Base del uropatagio (área pegada al cuerpo) con pelos; incisivos 21 Antebrazo mayor de 70 mm ......................................................... 22
superiores de tamaño similar; primero y segundo premolares 21' Antebrazo menor de 70 mm ......................................................... 23
superiores muy pequeños ............................................................. 13
12' Base del uropatagio sin pelos; incisivos superiores desiguales, los 22 Orejas no cubren el extremo anterior del hocico cuando se
externos mayores que los internos; único premolar superior bien proyectan adelante ..................................... Eumops dabbenei (p. 98)
desarrollado .................................................................................. 16
22' Orejas cubren el extremo anterior del hocico cuando se proyectan
13 Borde del uropatagio blancuzco y con fleco de pelos esparcidos ..... adelante ........................................................... Eumops perotis (p.104)
....................................................................................................... 14
13' Borde del uropatagio oscuro, sin fleco ........................................ 15 23 Antebrazomayorde55mm ...................... Eumopsglaucinus(p.100)
23' Antebrazo menor de 50 mm ......................................................... 24
14 Coloración ventral blancuzca, especialmente en la región perianal
y abdominal; patas redondeadas ................... Myotis albescens (p. 86) 24 Antebrazo 46-49 mm; quilla interna de la oreja termina detrás del
14' Coloración ventral amarillenta, nunca blanca; patas no borde posterior del antitrago; coloración pardo rojiza ..................... .
redondeadas .......................................................... Myotislevis(p.90) ................................................................. Eumopsbonariensis(p.96)
24' Antebrazo 43-47 mm; quilla interna de la oreja apenas alcanza el
15 Dorso oscuro con los pelos apenas bicoloreados; algunos pelos se borde anterior del antitrago; coloración pardo grisácea ................... .
extienden sobre el tercio proximal de las piernas; antebrazo mayor ................................................................ Eumops patagonicus (p.102)
de40 mm ........................................................... Myotis keaysi (p. 88)
15' Dorso oscuro con los pelos unicoloreados; piernas desnudas; 25 Incisivos superiores en forma de gancho, paralelos y proyectados
antebrazo menor de 36 mm .......................... Myotis nigricans (p. 90) hacia adelante .............................................. Promops nasutus (p.112)
25' Incisivos superiores convergentes y proyectados hacia abajo, se
16 Antebrazomenorde35 mm ................... Eptesicusdiminutus(p. 74) tocan en las puntas .................................... Molossus molossus (p.108)
16' Antebrazo mayor de 37 mm ...................... Eptesicusfurinalis (p. 76)
36 37
XENARTHRA 3 Cola mucho mayor que la longitud de la cabeza y cuerpo ............ 4
3' Cola igual, menor o apenas mayor que la longitud de la cabeza y
1 Hocico alargado tubular; cuerpo cubierto de pelos, sin armadura de cuerpo ............................................................................................. 5
escudos óseos ................................................................................. 2
1' Hocico corto, no tubular; cuerpo cubierto por una annadura de 4 Cabeza y cuerpo 70-100 mm; cola 90-130 mm; vientre blanco
escudos óseos ................................................................................. 3 amarillento ............................................. Oryzomysflavescens(p.168)
4' Cabeza y cuerpo 80-120 mm; cola 110-150 mm; vientre grisáceo ..
2 Tamaño grande, cabeza y cuerpo mayor de 1000 mm; coloración ................................................. ........ Oryzomys longicaudatus ( p.170)
gris con una banda negra triangular en el cuello, pecho y espalda;
cola larga y peluda, no prensil; cuarto dedo de las manos poco 5 Con manchas blancas detrás de cada oreja .................................... 6
desarrollado .................................... Myrmecophaga tridactyla (p.118) 5' Sin manchas blancas detrás de cada oreja .................................... 10
2' Tamaño menor, cabeza y cuerpo menos de 700 mm; coloración
bayo amarillenta con una mancha semejante a un chaleco de color 6 Patas posteriores con un sólo callo ....... Eligmodontia moreni (p.160)
marrón o negro; cola con pelos sólo en la porción basal del lado 6' Patas posteriores con más de un callo ............................................ 7
dorsal, prensil; cuarto dedo de las manos bien desarrollado ............ .
............................................................ Tamandua tetradactyla (p.120) 7 Cabeza y cuerpo generalmente mayor de 100 mm .......................... .
...................................................................... Calomys callosus (p.152)
3 Sólo 3 bandas móviles en elcaparazón ... Tolype ute s mataeus (p. 130) 7' Cabeza y cuerpo menor de 100 mm ............................................... 8
3' Seis o 7 bandas móviles ................................................................. 4
8 Vientre blanco contrasta fuertemente con el color de los flancos;
4 Cola desnuda, sin escudos ................... Cabassous chacoensis (p.124) manchas muy marcadas detrás de las orejas .. Calomys laucha (p.154)
4' Cola cubierta por escudos .............................................................. 5 8' Vientre gris, sin fuerte contraste con el color de los flancos;
manchas difusas detrás de las orejas .............................................. 9
5 Cabeza y cuerpo mayorde400 mm ... Euphractus sexcinctus (p.128)
5' Cabeza y cuerpo menor de 300 mm ................................................. . 9 Flancos amarillentos; área interna del pabellón de las orejas de
....................................................... Chaetophractus vellerosus (p.126) color grisáceo; sin banda dorsal oscura ........................................... .
................................................................ Calomys musculinus (p.158)
RODENTIA 9' Flancos grisáceos; área interna del pabellón de las orejas de color
Family Cricetidae amarillento; con banda dorsal oscura difusa ................................... ..
........................................................................ Calomys lepidus (p.156)
1 Patas posteriores con membranas interdigitales .............................. .
.............................................................H olochilus brasiliensis (p.166) 10 Hocico y uñas bien alargados ...................................................... 11
1' Patas posteriores sin membranas interdigitales .............................. 2 10' Hocico y uñas normales ............................................................... 12
2 Incisivos superiores surcados anteriormente ................................... . 11 Coloración rojiza; cabeza y cuerpo alrededor de 150 mm; cola 110
................................................................... Reithrodon auritus (p.178) mm .................................................. Oxymycterusparamensis(p.112)
2' Incisivos superiores sin surcos ....................................................... 3 11' Coloración gris plomiza; cabeza y cuerpo 110-120 mm; cola 80-95
mm ................................................................. Akodonilluteus(p.144)
38
39
12 Con mancha blanca en la quijada ................................................. 13 19 Lado ventral de la cola recorrido por una línea media oscura ......... .
12' Sin mancha blanca en la quijada .................................................. 14 ....................................................................... Andinomys edax (p.148)
19' Lado ventral de la cola sin línea media ........................................ 20
13 Coloración dorsal pardo rojiza, con vientre y flancos grisáceos;
cabeza grisácea; mancha blanca puede ser difusa; incisivos no 20 Cabeza y cuerpo 90-120 mm; cola 90-130 mm; pelaje largo y
proodontes; habita principalmente en áreas boscosas húmedas ...... . sedoso; vientre grisáceo y con una mancha ocrácea en el pecho (a
..................................................................... Akodon simulator(p.146) ~ecesdifusa); flancos amarillentos ................. Phyllotisosilae (p.176)
13' Coloración dorsal pardo rojiza, con flancos, vientre, cabeza y 20' Cabeza y cuerpo 130-150 mm; cola 150-180 mm; pelaje corto Y
rabadilla acanelados; mancha blanca muy marcada; incisivos duro; vientre blanco amarillento, sin mancha ocrácea en el pecho;
proodontes; habita zonas montañosas arriba de 1500 m .................. . flancosocráceocanela .............................. Graomysdomorum(p.162)
........................................................................ Bolomys lactens (p.150)
Family Caviidae
14 Tamaflo menor, cabeza y cuerpo menor de 100 mm; cola menor de
80 mm; orejas cortas, menos de 19 mm; peso menos de 40 g ..... 15 1 Tamaño grande, cabeza y cuerpo mayor de 400 mm; cola pequeña;
14' Tamaflo mayor, cabeza y cuerpo mayor de 100 mm; cola mayor de patas largas y delgadas; orejas largas ... Pediolagus salinicola (p.188)
90 mm; orejas grandes y foliáceas, más de 21 mm; peso más de 40 1' Tamaño menor, cabeza y cuerpo menor de 250 mm; cola ausente;
g ................................................................................................... 17 patas cortas; orejas cortas y con una muesca media ...................... 2
15 Coloración pálida, marrón o parda; margen interno del pabellón de 2 Incisivos amarillos; quijada con un espacio desnudo (glándula
las orejas con pelos amarillentos; habita en pastizales de altura submandibular) .......................................... Galea musteloides (p.184)
(másde2000m) ............................................. Akodonalterus(p.138) 2' Incisivos blancos; quijada cubierta de pelos .................................. 3
15' Coloración oscura, marrón u olivácea; margen interno del pabellón
de las orejas con pocos pelos oscuros; habitan bosques húmedos en 3 Vientre grisáceo amarillento; trago y antitrago bien desarrollados
alturas menos de 2000 m .............................................................. 16 ................................................................. Microcaviaaustralis(p.186)
3' Vientre blanco; trago y antitrago atrofiados ..... Cavia tschudü (p.182)
16 Dorso marrón oscuro con tintes rojizos; flancos sin marcado
contraste con el dorso ............................... Akodon boliviensis (p.140) Family Chinchillidae
16' Dorso marrón oliváceo; flancos amarillentos .................................. .
...................................................................... Akodoncaenosus(p.142) 1 Línea media dorsal de pelos oscuros, cara gris uniforme; patas
anteriores y posteriores con 4 dedos; cabeza y cuerpo 300-400 mm
17 Cola terminada en un mechón de pelos a modo de pincel ........... 18 ........................ .'.......................................... Lagidium viscascia (p.192)
17' Cola no terminada en pincel ........................................................ 19 1' Sin línea media dorsal de pelos oscuros, cara blanca y negra; patas
anteriores con 4 dedos y posteriores con 3; cabeza y cuerpo 450-
18 Vientre, especialmente la quijada y la garganta, de color blanco 650 mm ................................................ Lagostomus maximus (p.194)
puro ...................................................... Graomysgriseoflavus(p.164)
18' Vientre, incluyendo la quijada y la garganta grisáceo ..................... .
....................................................................... Phyllotisdarwini(p.114)
Family Ctenomyidae
1 Con manchas blancas en las axilas ................................................ 2
40 41
1' Sin manchas blancas en las axilas .................................................. 3 3 Tamaño mayor; cabeza y cuerpo 1000 mm o más; patas rojizas ..... .
.............................................................. Pseudalopex culpaeus (p. 216)
2 Tamaño grande, hasta 225 mm de cabeza y cuerpo; punta del 3' Tamaño menor; cabeza y cuerpo 400 mm; coloración general muy
hocico oscura; quijada más pálida; patas posteriores bien peludas; oscura, a veces casi negra; patas negras ....... Cerdocyon thous (p. 214)
cola con pelos marrón claro ....................... Ctenomys tuconax(p. 206)
2' Tamaí'ío mediano, hasta 190 mm de cabeza y cuerpo; banda oscura Family Procyonidae
entre los ojos se difunde por debajo del hocico en los labios
superiores; patas posteriores desnudas o con pocos pelos; cola Hocico alargado con nariz móvil; cola con 7 a 8 bandas negras;
1
poco peluda dejando ver la piel ............ Ctenomys tucumanqs (p. 208) cara sin "antifaz"; orejas redondeadas ................ Nasua nasua (p. 224)
1' Hocico corto sin nariz móvil; cola con 5 o 6 bandas negras; cara
3 Tamaño pequeño, cabeza y cuerpo generalmente menor de 170 con "antifaz"; orejas punteagudas ......... Procyon cancrivorus (p. 226)
mm; coloración marrón canela y pelaje lustroso; ventralmente
blanquecino ............................................... Ctenomys occultus (p. 204) Family Mustelidae
3' Tamaño mayor, cabeza y cuerpo mayor de 170 mm; coloración
pardo castaño o pardo amarillento; ventralmente ocráceo o marrón
1 Patas con membranas interdigitales; pelaje con una capa externa de
pálido .............................................................................................. 4
pelos duros y largos y otra interna de pelos suaves y aterciopelados
..................................................................... Lutra longicaudis (p. 236)
4 Garganta blancuzca; mancha oscura en el pecho; corona oscura;
1' Patas sin membranas interdigitales; pelaje sin dos capas marcadas
sin manchas blancas en el cuerpo u hocico ..... Ctenomys latro (p. 202)
4' Sin blanco en la garganta; pecho ocráceo uniforme; corona sin ········································································································· 2
mancha oscura; muchos ejemplares con manchas blancas en el
2 Tamafío grande, cabeza y cuerpo mayor de 600 mm; con u~a
hocicooenotraspartesdelcuerpo ............. Ctenomys knighti (p. 200)
mancha amarillenta en el pecho; color marrón oscuro a marran
claro- sin líneas o franjas diferenciables ............. Eira barbara (p. 232)
ORDER CARNIVORA Tam~ño menor, cabeza y cuerpo menor de 500 mm; sin n:iancha
2'
Family Canidae amarillenta en el pecho; color negro y blanco o negro Y gns; con
líneas o franjas de ancho y coloración variable ............................. 3
1 Con manchas negras en los muslos ................................................ 2
1' Sin manchas negras en los muslos ................................................. 3 3 Cola con abundantes pelos largos; coloración oscura Y con líneas
blancas que parten de atrás de la cabeza y recorren lateralmente al
2 Tamaño mayor, cabeza y cuerpo alrededor de 1000 mm; cuerpo ......................................................... Conepatuschi~ga(p.230)
coloración gris rojiza; manchas negras en los muslos bien 3' Cola con pelos cortos; coloración grisácea con franjas anchas,
marcadas; coloración ocrácea en las patas, lados de la cabeza y blancas, amarillentas, pardas o negras, que recorren la cabeza,
detrás de las orejas ........................ Pseudalopex gymnocercus (p. 220) cuello y extremo anterior del cuerpo ............................................. 4
2' Tamaño menor, cabeza y cuerpo 750 mm; coloración gris pálida;
manchas negras difusas en los muslos; coloración ocrácea en las 4 Tamaño corporal mayor de 400 mm; nuca del mismo color que el
patas pero no en los lados de la cabeza ni detrás de las orejas ........ . dorso .................................................................... Galictis cuja (p. 234)
................................................................. Pseudalopexgriseus(p.218) 4' Tamaño corporal menor de 350 mm; nuca con una mancha negra ..
............................................................. Lyncodon patagonicus (p. 238)
42 43
Family Felidae 1' Rostro sin líneas negras encima de los ojos; patas delgadas; alzada
menos de 700 mm; machos con cuernos simples .......................... 2
1 Coloración uniforme, sin manchas en los adultos ......................... 2
1' Coloración con manchas de forma y disposición variable ............. 3 2 Coloraciónpardorojiza ........................... Mazamaamericana(p.268)
2' Coloración pardo grisácea .................... Mazamagouazoubira (p. 270)
2 Tamaño grande, cabeza y cuerpo mayor de 1000 mm; coloración
grisácea o parduzca .................................... Fe/is concolor (p. 244)
2' Tamaño menor, cabeza y cuerpo menor de 800 mm; coloración
rojiza, o fase gris o negra ................... Fe/is yagouaroundi (p. 252)
4 Con franjas transversales desde el dorso a los lados del cuerpo ...... .
.... ... ....... .. ........................... .. .. ....................... Fe/is jacobita (p. 248)
4' Con manchas oceladas ................................................................... 5
Family Tayassuidae
Family Cervidae
1 Rostro con líneas negras encima de los ojos; patas gruesas; alzada
más de 800 mm; machos con cuernos de dos puntas ....................... .
.......................................................... Hippocamelusantisensis (p. 266)
44 45
ORDER MARSUPIALIA Family Didelphidae
OPOSSUMS, COMADREJAS, COLICORTOS
MARSUPIALS, MARSUPIALES
This order includes the opossums, which are characterized by having 10 The general characteristics of the species occurring in Tucuman are the
upper incisors and eight lower ones, more than any other marnmal in same as those of the order. Four genera occur in the province. One, Dide lphis,
Argentina. In sorne species, the female has a well-developed pouch where the is of large body size, and the females are characterized by a complete pouch.
young continue their development after birth, but only Didelphis albiventris, Other genera are of smaller size and either lack a pouch or have only remnants
of all marsupials in Tucuman Province, has a "typical" pouch. Many of the of a marsupium (the medium-sized genus Lutreolina is an example of the
traits of marsupials are related to physiology and anatomy. The skull has large latter). Monodelphis is a short-tailed grayish red opossum that is somewhat
palatine foramina. The angular process of the mandible is strongly curved larger than the two species ofThylamys, ormouse opossums, whichhave long
medially. The reproductive tract of females is bifid, so that there are two tails.
vaginas and two uteri. The gestation period is short and young are born Marsupials have five fingers on each foot, with the hindfeet having an
essentially in an embryonic state; they crawl to a teat where they affix opposable thumb; the snout is relatively long and pointed; the ears are well
themselves to complete their development. developed and membranous, although they are less developed in Monode lphis
and Lutreolina. The diet is basically omnivorous tending toward carnivory;
Este orden incluye, en Argentina, a las comadrejas y colicortos, los que they are nocturnal or crepuscular, and are more active during warmer parts of
se caracterizan por tener 1Oincisivos superiores y ocho inferiores, es decir un the year; they climb readily; sorne are terrestrial; and others may be semia-
número mayor que cualquiera de los otros placentarios. En algunas especies quatic.
las hembras tienen una bolsa marsupial bien desarrollada, pero sólo se
encuentra presente en una de las especies que habita en la provincia de Las características generales de las especies tucumanas de la familia son
Tucumán, Didelphis albiventris, y con esbozos de ella en Lutreolina las mismas que las del orden. En la provincia se encuentran cuatro géneros,
crassicaudata. Numerosas de las características del grupo están relacionadas uno grande (Dide lphis) y con bolsa marsupial en las hembras, y otros menores,
con aspectos fisiológicos y anatómicos. En el cráneo es típica la presencia de sin bolsa marsupial o atrofiada como Lutreolina; de tamaño mediano o menores
grandes forámenes palatinos. En la mandíbula el proceso angular está comoMonodelphisyThylamys. Monodelphisesrojizoydecolacortamientras
fuertemente curvado hacia el lado interno. En las hembras el tracto reproductivo las dos especies del primero son más grises y de cola larga.
es bífido, de manera que la vagina y el útero son dobles. El período de Llevan cinco dedos en las extremidades anteriores y cinco en las posteriores,
gestación es corto y las crías nacen en un estado prácticamente embrional, donde resulta notable el pulgar oponible; el hocico es alargado, afinándose
debiendo desplazarse hasta uno de los pezones de donde reciben el alimento hacia la punta; las orejas están bien desarrolladas y son membranosas, aunque
necesario para completar su desarrollo. en el género Monodelphis son más pequeñas al igual que en Lutreolina.
La dieta es básicamente omnívora con tendencia a la carnivoría; de costumbres
nocturnas y crepusculares y muy activos durante las estaciones más cálidas
del año; arborícolas, terrestres y semiacuáticos.
46
47
Didelphis albiventris
WHITE-EARED OPOSSUM, COMADREJA COMÚN
48
Lutreolína crassicaudata
LITTLE WATER OPOSSUM, COMADREJA COLORADA
50
Monodelphis dimidiata
SHORT-TAILED OPOSSUM, COLICORTO PAMPEANO
52
Thylamys elegans
ELEGANT MOUSE OPOSSUM, COMADREJA ENANA
Description: Head-body greater than 100 mm; tail up to 130 mm; color
generally lead gray, but sorne individuals are brownish tan, the flanks are
yellowish orcream, like the venter, with the hairs grayer at the base; ears large
and with variable coloration, but normally light gray with sorne darker
patches; tail long, covered with short fine hair, frequently enlarged dueto fat
deposited in longitudinal bands of adipose tissue, which is especially evident
in late fall and winter. Distribution: Restricted to northwestem Argentina
in the provinces of Salta, Jujuy, Tucuman and northern Catamarca.
Comments: Very common in the moist forest ofTucuman, to at least 2000
m elevation. Nocturnal and rather arboreal. Diet variable and includes
insects, eggs, fruit, and small birds and mammals. Inhabits holes in trees,
burrows, rock fissures, or abandoned bird nests.
Descripción: Cabeza y cuerpo mayor de 100 mm, cola hasta 130 mm;
coloración general gris plomiza, parduzca en algunos ejemplares, los flancos
gris amarillento o crema, al igual que el vientre que parece ser más grisáceo
al hacerse evidente el color de la base de los pelos; orejas grandes y de
coloración variable, pero normalmente claras con manchas negras; cola larga,
cubierta con pelos finos, frecuentemente engrosada por acumulación de grasa
durante los ineses de invierno. Distribución: Esta especie está restringida al
noroeste de Argentina en las provincias de Salta, Jujuy, Tucumán y norte de
Catamarca. Comentarios: Esta especie es muy común en las zonas boscosas
húmedas de la provincia, al menos hasta los 2000 m de altura. De hábitos
nocturnos y muy arborícola. Su dieta es variada pero consiste principalmente
en insectos y frutos, aunque también puede predar sobre pequeños roedores
y aves. Como refugio utiliza huecos de árboles, del suelo o entre rocas y nidos
abandonados de aves. También conocida como marmosa elegante.
54
Thylamys pusillus
COMMON MOUSE OPOSSUM, COMADREJA ENANA COMÚN
56
ORDER CHIROPTERA Family Phyllostomidae
BATS, MURCIÉLAGOS NOSE-LEAF BATS, MURCIÉLAGOS DE HOJA NASAL
58 59
Artibeus planirostris
FLAT-FACEO FRUIT-EATING BAT, FALSO VAMPIRO GRANDE
60
Chrotopterus auritus
PETERS' WOOLLY FALSE VAMPIRE BAT, FALSO VAMPIRO OREJÓN
Description: The largest bat in the province; foreann 78-84 mm; ears
large and well separated; noseleaf pronounced, with part of its base not
attached to snout; dorsally dark gray or brownish black, with the venter
grayer; hairs long and silky; membranes dark, but the tips of the wings with
a pronounced whitish patch; well-developed uropatagium containing a greatly
reduced tail. Distribution: Northem Argentina in the most dense humid
forests ofSalta, Jujuy, Tucuman, Formosa, Chacoand Misiones. Comments:
Only one individual has been taken in Tucuman. It may be hard to capture due
to its great maneuverability, but it may also be very uncommon. It would be
expected to inhabit the forests of western Tucuman. In Salta, birds and bats
were oftenfounddecapitated in thenets---presumably by Chrotopterus. Breeds
in July, October and November in Salta.
62
Desmodus rotundus
VAMPIRE BAT, VAMPIRO COMUN
64
- Sturnira erythromos
SMALL VELLOW-SHOULDERED BAT, FRUTERO CHICO OSCURO
66
Sturnira lilium
YELLOW-SHOULDERED BAT, FRUTERO COMÚN
68
Sturnira oporaphilum
LARGE VELLOW-SHOULDERED BAT, FRUTERO GRANDE <·
70
Family Vespertilionidae
VESPERTILIONID BATS, MURCIÉLAGOS CHICOS
73
Eptesicus diminutus
DIMINUTIVE BROWN BAT, MURCIÉLAGO PARDO CHICO
.
.
.
74
Eptesicus furinalis
ARGENTINE BROWN BAT, MURCIÉLAGO PARDO COMÚN
76
Histiotus macrotus
BIG-EARED BROWN BAT, MURCIÉLAGO OREJÓN GRANDE
78
Lasiurus borealis
RED BAT, MURCIÉLAGO ROJIZO
80
Lasiurus cinereus
HOARV BAT, MURCIÉLAGO BLANCUZCO
82
Lasiurus ega
SOUTHERN VELLOW BAT, MURCIÉLAGO LEONADO
84
Myotis albescens º
Description: Forearrn 31-39 mm; pelage dense and fine, having a frosted
appearance; dorsal coloration grayish, with the tips of sorne hairs being
whitish or silvery; venral color pure white in the abdominal region; border of
uropatagium whitish with a fringe of hairs evident, this latter characteristic
also found in Myotis levis, but its venter is yellowish, never whiteº The feet
are rounded and robust, which al so helps distinguish it from other Myotis, which
have feet that are laterally compressed. Distibution: Known from the
northeastem and northwestem parts of Argentina as far south as central
Buenos Aires, in forested areas along rivers and into the Chacoan scrublands
along watercourses. Comments: Ali individuals from the northwest are
generally lighter colored than those from eastem Argentina, especially those
found in Misiones Province. They roost in rural dwellings under roofs and in
hollow trees in forested areas. A male captured at Las Talas in April was
reproductively active.
88
Myotis levis
• COMMON MYOTIS, MURCIELAGUITO COMÚN
90
Myotis nigricans .
BLACK MYOTIS, MURCIELAGUITO OSCURO
92
Family Molossidae
FREE-TAILED BATS, MURCIÉLAGOS COLA DE RATÓN
95
Eumops bonariensis
PETERS' MASTIFF BAT, MOLOSO OREJÓN PARDO
Description: Medium sized, but small for the genus; forearmgreater than
48 mm; dorsal color brownish-cinnamon with the base of the hairs paler; ears
very broad and united by a small membrane; inner keel of µie ear thick and
long, extending posteriorly to the posterior border of the antitragus; upper lip
with many stiff, short hairs projected downward like a moustache.
Distribution: Known only from Buenos Aires, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos,
Cordoba and Tucuman. Comments: The fact that this species and E.
bonariensis beckeri were collected in sympatry in reproductive condition
permitted the recognition of the latter as E. patagonicus Thomas. Lactating
females were taken at Aguas Chiquitas in late becember. lnhabits many
habitats, from dense transitional forest to open habitats.
96
Eumops dabbenei
BIG MASTIFF BAT, MOLOSO OREJON GRANDE
98
Eumops glaucinus
WAGNER'S MASTIFF BAT, MOLOSO OREJÓN BLANQUECINO
Description: Medium-sized for the genus; forearm 58-65 mm; color light
grayish cinnamon, with the base of the dorsal hairs white; ventrally paler;
sorne individuals from Tucuman city are darker, resembling E. auripendulus
from eastem Argentina; although the two species are easily distinguished by
the square tragus in E. glaucinus. Distribution: Knownfrom Salta, Jujuy and
Tucuman. Comments: Biology unknown; in Tucuman city it roosts in the
cracks of buildings and in trees. A very young animal was taken in Yuto
(Jujuy) in mid-September.
100
Eumops patagonicus
PATAGONIAN MASTIFF BAT, MOLOSO OREJÓN GRIS
102
Eumops perotis
GREATER MASTIFF BAT, MOLOSO OREJÓN GIGANTE
104
Molossops temminckii
DWARF DOG-FACED BAT, MOLOSO PIGMEO
106
Molossus molossus
PALLAS' MASTIFF BAT, MOLOSO COLA GRUESA CHICO
108
Nyctinomops macrotis
BIG FREE-TAILED BAT, MOLOSO COLA DE RATÓN GRANDE
110
Promops nasutus
BROWN MASTIFF BAT, MOLOSO COLA LARGA CHICO
112
1
Tadarida brasiliensis
GUANO BAT, MOLOSO COMÚN
Description: Mid-sized; forearm 41-46 mm; lips with deep wrinkles and
grooves; ears large and separated, although they appear to be joined; dorsal
color uniform grayish or brownish; dorsal hairs unicolored, ventral hairs with
paler tips. Distribution: Widely distributed in Argentina, at leastas far south
as 43° S latitude; no records have been obtained for the provinces ofLa Rioja,
Chaco or Corrientes. Comments: Colonial, roosting in large assemblages in
caves, fissures, tunnels, roofs, or other protected areas. Forage in groups on
insects; a common species in Tucuman, especially in cities.
114
ORDER XENARTHRA Family Myrmecophagidae
EDENTATES,EDENTADOS GIANT ANTEATER, TAMANDUA, OSO HORMIGUERO, OSO MELERO
Canines and incisors absent; teeth absent entirely or largely homodont; Teeth lacking; head with an elongated tubular snout; well developed tail;
when teeth present they are subcylindrical and lack enarnel. There are three forefeet with long recurved claws; the mouth reduced to a small opening at the
families in this order in Argentina, but only two in Tucuman. The end of the snout through which a filiform tongue extends; fur dense and
Myrmecophagidae includes the giant anteater and the tamandua and the heavy; four toes on forefeet, five on hindfeet in the Tucuman species
Dasypodidae includes the armadillos. (Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla).
Caninos e incisivos ausentes; dentición general reducida a dientes Las especies de esta familia se caracterizan por la ausencia de dientes;
homodontes o sin ellos; cuando existen dientes, estos son subcilfndricos y sin cabeza con un hocico muy alargado y tubular; cola bien desarrollada; patas
esmalte. En Argentina existen tres familias vivientes, pero sólo dos se anteriores con uñas muy alargadas en forma de garras; la cavidad bucal se abre
encuentran en la provincia de Tucumán. La familia Myrrnecophagidae en el extremo del largo hocico y, aunque no puede abrirse, permite la entrada
comprende al oso hormiguero y al oso melero y la familia Dasypodidae a los y salida de la lengua filiforme y protráctil; el pelo es muy denso y grueso;
quirquinchos, pichis, mulitas, gualacate y tatú carreta. cuatro dedos en las extremidades anteriores y cince en las posteriores en las
especies tucumanas (Myrmecophaga tridactyla y Tamandua tetradactyla). Los
dos géneros difieren entre sí tanto por su forma y coloración como por tamaño
y costumbres.
116 117
Myrmecophaga tridactyla
GIANT ANTEATER, OSO HORMIGUERO
Description: Head and snout very long and tubular; head-body 1050;
ears and eyes small; front feet inflected while placed on ground so that the
animal supports itself on its claws; hindfeet plan ti grade; tail very long (more
than 600 mm) and very hairy; general color grayish with a long black
triangular patch extending from the chest and neck along the sides to the back;
forefeet lighter colored with a black spot on the anterior face; hindfeet dark
gray or black. Distribution: Northeast Tucuman in Chacoan thornscrub.
Comments: Inhabits savanna grasslands in the Chaco, less common in the
transitional forest; terrestrial; active both day and night; solitary except
during reproductive season; feeds on ants and termites using its huge claws
to rip apart nests; at least in captivity, beetles and larvae are also eaten.
118
Tamandua tetradactyla
TAMANDUA, OSO MELERO
120
Family Dasypodidae
ARMADILLOS, QUIRQUINCHOS, GUALACATE, MUUTA
Teeth subcylindrical and vary in number among genera; most of the skin
is modified into dermal shields that forma protective shell consisting offive
parts-cephalic, dorsal, scapular, pelvic and caudal; normally the dermal
plates form moveable bands which vary in number among species; ventrally,
the shell is lacking and the skin is thickened and frequently very hairy;
terrestrial; excellent burrowers; diurna! or nocturnal; fastrunners; omnivores,
but sorne species may be dietary specialists.
In Tucuman there are four species, each in a different genus. These genera
are easily distinguished. Tolypeutes matacus is small, has three moveable
bands and is able to roll itself into a perfect armored ball. Cabassous
chacoensis lacks scales or dermicles on its tail. Chaetophractus vellerosus
has six or seven moveable bands, but the last one is larger than the others and
body size is less than 300 mm. Euphractus sexcinctus has the same number
of moveable bands, but its head-body length is greater than 400 mm.
123
Cabassous chacoensis
CHACOAN NAKED-TAILED ARMADILLO, CABASÚ CHICO
124
Chaetophractus vellerosus
SCREAMING ARMADILLO, QUIRQUINCHO CHICO
Description: Size small, head-body about 230 mm; tail long, more than
100 mm; six or seven moveable bands; triangular cephalic shield is quite
wide; there is a moveable band at the anterior edge of the scapular shield;
pelage long and abundant, both on the shell and on the skin; ears long, the
longest in the genus. Distribution: Two subspecies are in Argentina, C. v.
pannosus at low elevations from extreme southem Tucuman to La Pampa
province, and C. v. vellerosus from northem La Rioja through much of
Tucuman, Salta, andJujuyathighelevations. Comments: Commonathigh
altitudes and in the Monte Desert; also in forest and Chacoan thornscrub, but
its taxonomy is not clear. Feeds mainly on insects in summer and vegetation
in winter, also eats small rodents, other small vertebrates, and worms.
126
Euphractus sexcinctus
, SIX-BANDED ARMADILLO, GUALACATE
Descripción: Tamaño grande, sólo excedido por el tatú carreta entre los
armadillos de Argentina; cabeza y cuerpo alrededor de 400 mm; cola 200-270
mm; cubierta de pelos moderada en el cuerpo; coloración amarillenta o
marrón rojiza; cabeza puntiaguda y achatada lateralmente; orejas largas que,
extendidas hacia atrás, alcanzan a la segunda o tercera hilera de escudos del
caparazón escapular; 6 a 8 bandas móviles; cola gruesa y larga; uñas de las
patas anteriores bien desarrolladas. Distribución: En Argentina abarca toda
la región chaqueña al este de la región montañosa y hasta el norte de Buenos
Aires. En toda la distribución de la especie en el país son reconocidas tres
subespecies de las cuales la que habita Tucumán es E. s. tucumanus en la zona
chaqueña. Comentarios: Hábitos nocturnos, o parcialmente diurnos; cavícola;
omnívora, su alimentación consiste principalmente en plantas y una cantidad
menor de coleópteros, hormigas, arañas, larvas y sapos. Normalmente habita
en zonas secas; puede encontrarse también en los cerros hasta 2000 m de
altura.
128
Tolypeutes matacus
SOUTHERN THREE-BANDED ARMADILLO, QUIRQUINCHO BOLA
Description: Size small, head-body about 250 mm; tail 60 mm; the only
armadillo in Argentina that can roll into an armored ball; three moveable
bands; head shield flat and triangular; scapular and pelvic shields globose;
ears fleshy, well developed, and with serrated edges; tail short and blunt,
covered with round scales; claws on forefeet well developed, especially on the
third digit. Distribution: From Buenos Aires northward east of the pre-
Andean chains; there are no records from Corrientes, Entre Ríos and Misiones.
Comments: Band number may vary from one to four; feeds on ants, termites
and other invertebrates; generally nocturnal; found in man y habitats, butmost
common in arid scrublands.
130
ORDER LAGOMORPHA
Family Leporidae
RABBITS, HARES, CONEJOS, LIEBRES
133
Sylvilagus brasiliensis
FOREST RABBIT , TAPITf
134
ORDER RODENTIA Family Cricetidae
RODENTS,ROEDORES MICE, RATS, PEOUE!ilOS ROEDORES, PERICOTES, LAUCHAS
136 137
Akodon alterus
BUNCHGRASS GRASS MOUSE, RATÓN DE LOS PASTIZALES
Description: Size small, head-body 85-110 mm; tail 50-70 mm; pelage
short; color light brown, paler ventrally, but not strongly countershaded (A.
andinus more strongly countershaded); ears rounded and small, with yellow
hairs along their externa! edge; no white spot behind the ear; tail bicolored,
blackish above, creamish or light brown below; similar to A. boliviensis, but
lighter colored overa!! and lives in different habitats. Distribution: Due to
incomplete taxonomic work, the distribution of this species is ill defined, but
it is known in Catamarca and Tucuman. Comments: Poorly studied; prin-
cipally herbivorous/omnivorous. lnhabits high bunchgrass prairies.
138
Akodon bolíviensis
SOLIVIAN GRASS MOUSE, RATÓN PLOMIZO
Description: Size similar to A. a/te rus, head-body 85-120 mm; tail 60-
80 mm; pelage long and silky; dorsally dark brown with sorne reddish tones;
dorsal hairs with lead gray bases; ventrally paler, with the tips of the hairs
cream or yellowish; tail bicolored, darker above; similar in color and aspect
to A. simulator, but smaller and lacking a white spot under the chin. Easily
confused with A. caerwsus, with which it is sympatric, but can be distin-
guished by cranial characters or by chromosomes. Distribution: In north-
west Argentina in Salta, Jujuy, Tucuman and Catamarca, mainly in forests,
but occasionally in mesic peripheries of the Monte Desert. Comments: Very
common in wetter forests and in the transitional forest. The subspecies in
Tucuman is A. b. tucumanensis with a type locality of Tucuman, 450 m.
~A
~
140
Akodon caenosus
UNICOLORED GRASS MOUSE, RATÓN UNICOLOR
142
Akodon illuteus
GRAY GRASS MOUSE, RATÓN GRANDE
Description: Size large, head-body 110-120 mm; tail 80-95 mm; dorsal
color uniform lead gray, lacking reddish tints; dorsal pelage long and fine;
ventrally ashy gray, whiter than A. simulator, tail unicolored with scales
slightly evident; ears well developed with their inner surface densely covered
with fine hairs; sides of the face, and occasionall y the rostrum, with brownish
cast; sorne animals with a white patch or pale-colored hairs under the chin;
snout elongate; claws well developed. Distribution: Inhabits the moist
subtropical forests ofTucuman. Comments: Type locality is Concepción at
400m.
Description: Size large for the genus, head-body 80-140 mm; tail 70-100
mm; only A. illuteus is similar in size; dorsal coloration reddish brown with
the flanks and venter grayish and with white or cream-colored hairs mixed in;
a pronounced (or diffuse) white patch under the chin (which is also present in
A. illuteus); ears large but with little hair on the inner side of the pinna; tail
bicolored, darker above, and with evident scales. Distribution: Only the
subspecies A. simulator simulator is found in Tucuman, eastem Jujuy and
central Salta. Comments: Very common, especially in mesic forests and
transitional forest, also in alder forests in the mountains; uncommon in the
Chacoan Thomscrub.
146
Andinomys edax
ANDEAN RAT, RATÓN ANDINO
148
Bolomys lactens
RUFOUS·BELLIED GRASS MOUSE, RATON VENTRIRUFO
150
Calomys callosus
LARGE VESPER MOUSE, LAUCHA GRANDE
Description: Head-body 90-120 mm; tail 70-95 mm; pelage short and
dull grayish brown; venter gray with man y hairs white tipped; flanks may be
ochraceous; whi te spot on the neck behind each ear; ears short; rostrum high;
eyes protruded; tail short and bicolored, darker above. Distribution: North
and central Argentina from Cordoba to Salta, eastward to Entre Ríos.
Comments: Very common in almost ali major habitats, especially in
disturbed areas (croplands, second growth, etc.). Specimens from El Cadillal
were molting in April and May; a female gave birth to five young in the
laboratory in mid-August, with the young gray above and pink below.
Descripción: Cabeza y cuerpo 90-120 mm; cola 70-95 mm; pelaje corto
y opaco, de coloración grisácea con tonalidades parduzcas; ventralmente
grisáceo con abundantes pelos con puntas blancas; flancos pueden ser más
ocráceos; una mancha blanca sobre el cuello por detrás de cada oreja; orejas
cortas; rostro elevado y ojos muy saltones; cola corta y bicolor, más oscura
dorsalmente. Distribución: Norte y centro de Argentina en las provincias del
noroeste y hacia el sur hasta el norte de Córdoba y Santiago del Estero; hacia
el este hasta la provincia de Entre Ríos . Comentarios: Especie muy común
en la provincia; prácticamente en todos los ambientes aunque más frecuente
en áreas más alteradas, con vegetación de crecimiento secundario, cultivos y
poblaciones humanas periféricas. Ejemplares de El Cadillal estaban mudando
el pelaje en los meses de abril y mayo; una hembra dio a luz cinco crías a
mediados de agosto, en laboratorio, las crías eran grises dorsalmente y
rosadas ventralmente.
152
Calomys laucha
VESPER MOUSE, LAUCHA CHICA
Description: Head body 50-90 mm; tail 50-90 mm; dorsal color from
light blond to ochraceous brown with gray highlights; venterwhite, contrasting
sharpl y wi th the dorsum; ears short and rounded; white patch behind each ear;
feet white; tail short and without terminal tuft; pelage fine and smooth.
Distribution: From Buenos Aires province northward through Argentina.
Comments: Primarily at low elevations, but its biology is not well studied
outside of Buenos Aires Province.
154
Calomys lepidus
ANDEAN VESPER MOUSE, LAUCHA ANDINA
156
Calomys musculinus 0
DRYLANDS VESPER MOUSE, LAUCHA BIMACULADA
158
Elígmodontia moreni
MONTE GERBIL MOUSE, LAUCHA COLILARGA BAYO DEL MONTE
Description: Small, head-body about 80 mm; tail long, greater than 100
mm, terminating in a small tuft of darker hairs at the tip; dorsal! y light grayish
brown to blondish, with pelage long and silky, flanks ochraceous to light
chestnut; venter immaculate white or washed with yellowish; vibrissae long;
ears large; hindfoot with a single large plantar tubercle. Distribution:
Northern Monte Desert. Only in the xeric Monte habitat of extreme western
Tucuman Province. Comments: Frequents sandy areas with sparse
vegetation; may build its own burrows or use burrows abandoned by other
rodents, such as Ctenomys; omnivorous/insectivorous; nocturnal.
160
Graomys domorum
PALE LEAF-EARED MOUSE, PERICOTE PÁLIDO
~~~:1~~~
pelos de color gris plomizo; patas amarillentas dorsalmente; cola con pocos
pelos y sin llegar a formar un pincel evidente; brazos grises pero las manos
blancas. Distribución: Solamente se conocen datos del norte de Salta y
Tucumán. Comentarios: Biología desconocida; el ejymplar de Tucumán fue
obtenido en un área de crecimiento secundario.
162
Graomys griseoflavus
GRAY LEAF·EARED MOUSE, PERICOTE COMÚN
Description: Size large, head-body 120-150 mm; tail 120-170 mm; tail
usually longer tllan head-body; ears large, tlleir color dark; dorsal color
brownish gray, somewhat ochraceous on tlle sides of tlle body; venter pure
white or witll a yellowish cast, contrasting strongly witll tlle dorsum; chin and
neck hairs al wa ys whi te to tlle base; f eet whi te dorsall y and dark ventral! y; tail
witll a terminal tuft and bicolored, dark above, creamy below. Distribution:
Tirroughout Argentina except for Misiones Province. Comments: From
lowland Monte Desert through dry thom scrub to moist forest, especially
along watercourses. Common in most habitats. Also common at higher
elevations. Strong and aggressive, more so tllan P. osilae or P. darwini.
164
Holochilus brasiliensis
MARSH RAT, RATA COLORADA
Description: Size large, head-body more than 140 mm; tail about equal
to head-body length; dorsally very reddish to reddish brown to dark brown;
flanks ochraceous; venter yellowish, whiteron the belly and around the snout;
color in a population may vary from almost black to almost white; hindfeet
very large with webbing between digits 2, 3, and 4; ears relatively small and
rounded. Distribution: From Buenos Aires northward throughout
Argentina. In Salta, Jujuy and Tucuman in the northwest. Comments:
Common in very humid areas near water and in Chacoan habitats subject to
periodic flooding. Swims readily, semiaquatic. Feeds heavily on sugar cane,
making it a pest species in agricultura! areas; generally nocturnal, but may
occasionally be active during the day.
Descripción: Tamaño grande, cabeza y cuerpo más de 140 mm; cola casi
de la misma longitud que la cabeza y cuerpo; coloración dorsal pardo rojiza
con algunos pelos negros distribuidos a lo largo del dorso; flancos más
anaranjados y ventralmente amarillento, más blanco en la panza y hocico;
algunos ejemplares presentan fuertes variaciones de coloración, pudiendo
encontrarse diferentes grados de melanismo y albinismo; patas posteriores
muy grandes y con membranas interdigitales más desarrolladas en los dedos
2, 3 y 4; orejas relativamente cortas y redondeadas. Distribución: En Ar-
gentina, por todo el norte hasta la provincia de Buenos Aires en el sureste. En
el noroeste en Salta,Jujuyy Tucumán. Comentarios: Habita tanto en regiones
húmedas, vinculada con fuentes de agua, como en áreas inundables en la
vegetación chaqueña. Ataca a las plantaciones de caña de azúcar por lo que
es considerada como especie perjudicial para el hombre; actividad
principalmente nocturna, pero puede observarse en horas del día.
166
Oryzomys flavescens
VELLOWISH RICE RAT, COLILARGO CHICO
Description: Size small, head-body 70-100 mm; tail 90-130 mm; tail
longer than head-body length; feet relatively large; ears short and covered
with hairs; dorsal color almost uniform light yellowish brown; venter yellowish
white; dorsum may be darker than venter; tail bicolor, darker above.
Distribution: North andcentral Argentina. Comments: From lowlandmoist
forests to at least 3000 m elevation in montane grasslands. Always uncommon,
especially at high elevations.
168
Oryzomys longicaudatus
COMMON RICE RAT, COLILARGO COMÚN
170
Oxymycterus paramensis
BURROWING MOUSE, HOCICUDO PARAMEÑO
Description: Head-body 150 mm; tail 11 Omm; body elongate; tail short;
hindfeet large; snout very long and pointed; ears rounded and short; dorsal
color reddish brown with black sprinkling, reddish more pronounced on
venter; hair short and rough. Distribution: The subspecies O. p. jacentior
occurs only in the provinces of Salta, Juju y and Tucuman. Comments: The
single specimen captured in Tucuman was taken in the most mesic part of the
subtropical forest near water.
172
Phyllotis darwini
OARWIN'S LEAF-EARED MOUSE, PERICOTE PANZA GRIS
174
Phyllotis osilae
BUNCHGRASS LEAF-EARED MOUSE, PERICOTE GRANDE
176
1
Reithrodon auritus
BUNNV RAT, RATA CONEJO
178
Family Caviidae
CAVIES, CUISES, CONEJO DEL PALO
181
Cavia tschudii
M<?NTANE CAVV, CUIS SERRANO
182
Galea musteloides
COMMON YELLOW·TOOTHED CAVY, CUIS COMÚN
184
Microcavia australis
SOUTHERN DWARF CAVY, CUIS CHICO
186
Pediolagus salinicola
CHACOAN CAVY, CONEJO DEL PALO
Description: Large, head-body greater than 400 mm; ears well devel-
oped, but shorter than a true rabbit; tail less than 30 mm; grayish brown and
speckled above, flanks, venter and throat paler, usually creamy white;
generan y has a white spot in front of the eye that ma y ex tend over the e ye; well
developed eye lashes; legs delicate. Distribution: Chacoan thorn scrub.
Comments: Very rare in Tucuman dueto hunting and conversion of thorn
scrub to cropland.
188
Family Chinchillidae
CHINCHILLAS, VIZCACHAS
Two genera and two species known in Tucuman, the plains vizcacha
(Lagostomus maximus) and the mountain vizcacha (Lagidium viscascia). A
third genus, Chinchilla, could also occur in the highest mountains. The family
is characterized by short front legs and long hind legs; eyes are large; the tail
has a pronounced brush on the dorsum; the vibrissae are very long and thick
and the pelage is thick and soft. The two species in Tucuman are easily
distinguished by externa! morphology and habitat.
191
Lagidium viscascia
MOUNTAIN VISCACHA, CHINCHILLÓN
192
Lagostomus maximus
PLAINS VISCACHA, VIZCACHA
194
Family Myocastoridae
Myocastor coypus
NUTRIA, COIPO
196
Family Ctenomyidae la mayoría de las localidades están centradas en la localidad tipo y sus
TUCU TUCOS, OCULTOS alrededores, con poca extensión más allá de ellas. En el caso de C. knighti se
extiende desde Otro Cerro, provincia de Catamarca. Conrespecto a C. viperinus
Taxonomy of the family is confused, including those species found in consideramos que se trata de un sinónimo de C. knighti y que esta especie es
Tucuman. Our identifications are tentative and are based on comparisons monotfpica; ejemplares de El Infiernillo y de Aconquija, 4000 m en el BMNH
with the type specimens. We recognize five species for Tucuman: C. son morfológicamente inseparables del tipo de C. knighti. Observando las
tucumanus, C. latro, C. tuconax, C. occultus and C. knighti. All have robust distribuciones se notará que C. occultus y C. knighti no se superponen con
fusiform bodies, large heads and short necks; incisors are heavy and strong; ninguna otra; C. tucumanus se superpone con C. latro en Vi pos y con C. tuconax
tail is short and round; feet specialized for digging, the hindfeet trimmed with en Concepción.
combs of stiff bristles; eyes and ears greatly reduced; inhabit extensive
burrows which they dig and seldom travel above ground.
There is much variation in color and size within a species. For example,
sorne specimens of C. tucumanus from El Colmenar have typical axillary
white spots, but others do not. There is pronounced age and sex variation in
size as well. We generally limit localities to areas near the type locality for
most species. In C. knighti, however, we extend the range from Otro Cerro
in Catamarca, thereby combining C. viperinus with C. knighti. Specimens of
viperinus from El Infiernillo appear identical to knighti. C. occultus and C.
knighti donotoverlap withother Ctenomys. C ..tucumanus co-occurs withC.
latro in Vipos and with C. tuconax in Concepción.
198 199
Ctenomys knighti
CATAMARCA TUCU TUCO, TUCU TUCO CATAMAROUEÑO
200
Ctenomys latro
MOTTLED TUCU TUCO, TUCU TUCO MANCHADO
204
Ctenomys tuconax
ROBUST TUCU TUCO, TUCU TUCO ROBUSTO
206
Ctenomys tucumanus
TUCUMAN TUCU TUCO, TUCU TUCO TUCUMANO
Abrocoma cínerea
CHINCHILLA RAT, RATA CHINCHILLA
The order Carnívora includes a wide variety of forms, but all are Four species of foxes occur in Tucuman, three of fuese are_ in fue genus
characterized by fue fourfu upper premolar and first lower molar forming a Pse udalopex (gymnocercus, culpaeus and griseus) and fue fourfu is Cerdocyon
"carnassial pair", a shearing blade fuat is specialized for slicing meat, in sorne (C. thous).
groups this specialization has been secondaril y reduced orlost. Alfuough fue
ordinal name refers to meat eating, sorne species are omnivores, insectivores, Cuatro especies de zorros habitan en la provincia de Tucumán, tres de
or strongly herbivorous, the diet varying throughout fue year. In Tucuman, ellas son aquí consideradas como género Pseudalopex (gymnocercus, culpaeus
fuere are fourfamilies, fue foxes (Canidae), fue raccoon and coatí (Procyonidae), y griseus) y la cuarta como Cerdocyon (C. thous).
weasels, otters and skunks (Mustelidae) and cats (Felidae). The majority of
species are terrestrial or scansorial, but Lutra platensis is aquatic.
213
212
Cerdocyon thous
FOREST FOX, ZORRO DE MONTE
Description: Size small to medium, head-body about 700 mm; tail 300
mm; general color similar to other foxes but lacks black patch above heel on
leg, otherwise legs black; ears shorter and snout more triangular and shorter
than other foxes. General aspect is that of a blackish fox. Distribution:
Northern Argentina east of the Andes from Santiago del Estero. Comments:
Most common in savannas and forest; nocturnal; feeds on small vertebrates,
crustaceans, insects, fruits and carrion. Unstudied in Tucuman.
214
Pseudalopex culpaeus
ANDEAN RED FOX, ZORRO COLORADO
Descripción: Tamaño grande, cabeza y cuerpo hasta 1000 mm; cola 350-
450 mm; coloración general pardo rojiza salpicada de pelos negros y
amarillentos mezclados; dorsalmente predomina una especie de manto negro
que recorre el lomo en la linea media; cola terminada en pelos negros; patas
rojizas; vientre más pálido; algunos ejemplares pueden presentar manchas o
pelos grisáceos en las mejillas y en toda la cabeza. Distribución: Tiene una
distribución en el oeste de Argentina, por una franrtja que baja desde el
noroeste y se ensancha a través de Córdoba y La Pampa hasta la costa del
. Atlántico en Río Negro, y desde allí todo el sur, incluyendo Tierra del Fuego.
Enloscerroshasta4500m. Comentarios: Aparentementeestaespecietendría
una mayor tendencia a la carnivoría que las otra~ . Por lo general ocurre in
zonas desérticas, pero no en el Monte más seco.
216
Pseudalopex griseus
ARGENTINE GRAY FOX, ZORRO GRIS CHICO, CHILLA
220
Family Procyonidae
RACCOON, COATI, OSITO LAVADOR
Only two species in this family occur in the province and they are easily
differentiated: the raccoon (Procyon cancrivorus)has a short face with a
black mask; the coatí (Nasua nasua) has an elongated snout and lacks a mask;
both species have tails with dark rings; they are plantigrade and the forelimbs
are short; ears small relative to head size; omnivorous; solitary, in pairs, or in
groups.
223
Nasua nasua
SOUTHERN COATI, COATI, SACHO-MONO
224
Procyon cancrivorus
CRAB-EATING RACCOON, OSITO LAVADOR, MAYUATO
226
Family Mustelidae
WEASELS, SKUNKS, OTIER, HURONES, ZORRINOS, LOBITO DE RIO
Body usually elongate; legs short with five digits, frequently with sharp
claws-the otter has webbed feet; snout short; several species with white or
cream stripes or patches; terrestrial, semiaquatic or aquatic, sorne may climb
trees; carnivores or omnivores. In Tucuman there are five genera: three
weasels (Eira, Galictis, Lyncodon), one skunk (Conepatus) and one otter
(Lutra).
Cuerpo alargado; patas cortas con cinco dedos y garras afiladas, membranas
interdigitales en el lobito de río; hocico corto, un poco más alargado en
algunos zorrinos; líneas o manchas blancas o pálidas en varias especies;
terrestres, serniacuáticos o acuáticos, poco arborícolas; carnívoros u omnívoros.
En Tucumán se encuentran tres hurones, el hurón mayor (Eira), el hurón menor
(Galictis) yel huroncito (Lyncodon), un zorrino (Conepatus) y el lobito de río
(Lutra).
229
Conepatus chinga
COMMON HOG-NOSED SKUNK, ZORRINO COMÚN
Description: Size medium, head-body 300-400 mm; tail 200 mm; body
robust; head small, snout pointed; strong claws; generally dark reddish brown
to black above, with white to yellowish dorsolateral stripes extending from
the top of the head to the flanks, either separated or united to forma single
broad white band that may extend onto the tail; ears short and rounded.
Distribution: In our opinion, C. chinga, which ex tends throughout Argentina
south to Neuquen, also includes C. rex. We would expect one to be a high
altitudespecies (C. rex) and the otherto be in all lowland habitats. Comments:
There arefew records of skunks from Tucuman. We observed atEl Infiernillo
an animal that was totally white dorsally from head to tail, possible a C. rex
of the high mountains. Omnivorous and insectivorous; in al! major habitats;
releases a strong, foul-smelling liquid if threatened.
232
Galictis cuja
LESSER GRISON, HURÓN MENOR
Description: Size large, head-body 400-700 mm; tail 390-500 mm; color
chesmut brown or gray, paler on the face, throat and chest; snout short and
rounded; ears small; tail thick at the base, tapering to the tip; feet webbed;
pelage thick, with a fine, dense underfur and an outer layer of longer stiffer
hairs. Distribution: Tirroughout Argentina east of the Andes and pre-
Andean chains from La Pampa Province northward. Comments: Very scarce
in Tucuman; almost unstudied; feeds on fish and crustaceans; frequents slow
rivers; commercial hunting is leading to its extirpation from Argentina.
236
Lyncodon patagonicus
PATAGONIAN WEASEL, HURONCITO
Description: Size small, head-body Jess than 300 mm; tail 70 mm;
similar to Galictis, but much smaller and with more white; top of head and
lateral stripe very white or yellowish; black patch on nape; ears very short,
hard to see; throat, chest and venter black; legs black. Distribution: From
southwestern Salta southward to Santa Cruz Province. The subspecies L. p .
thomasi is in Tucuman. Comments: Uncommon in Tucuman, butoccasional
in the Monte Desert.
238
Farnily Felidae
CATS,GATOS
Atleast six species of cats are known in Tucuman. The jaguar (Fe/is anca)
has been extirpated from the province. Most species are seldom seen, live in
inaccessible habitats, or shy away from humans, especially due to heavy
hunting pressure. Ali have a lithe body form; ears are of moderate size and
rounded or pointed; tail well developed; colors vary widely. There are two
groups of cats in Tucuman based on color, those without spots and those that
are spotted. Among the former, the puma (F. conco/or) is large and the
jaguarundi (F. yagouaroundi) is small; the ocelot (F. parda/is) is the largest
spotted cat in the province, while Geoffroy's cat (F. geoffroyi) is small and
lacks ocellated spots; F. coloco/o, the pampas cat, has diffuse ocellated spots
placed in lateral rows while the Andean cat, F.jacobita, has vertical bands on
the back and sides. Due to pronounced variability in color and pattern, it is
often difficult to identify sorne species with certainty unless they are in the
hand.
241
l
Fe/is coloco/o
PAMPAS CAT, GATO DEL PAJONAL
242
Fe/is concolor
MOUNTAIN LION, PUMA, LEÓN
244
Fe/is geottroyi
GEOFFROY'S CAT, GATO MONTES
246
Fe/is jacobita
ANDEAN CAT, GATO ANDINO
Description: Size medium, larger than Geoffroy's cat and smaller than
the ocelot; head-body 650-800 mm; tail 480-500 mm; color dull ashy gray
above with reddish or ochraceous transverse bands extending posteriorly
from the dorsum to the flanks; yellowish spots may be interspersed between
the lateral bands; tip of muzzle white, as well as the face and throat; legs with
diffuse dark transverse bands; ears ashy gray; tail very thick, dark gray and
with eight reddish or ochraceous incomplete bands, in sorne specimens there
may only be two or three such bands with wide spaces between them.
Distribution: Only known in the high mountains ofTucuman and Catamarca.
Comments: Unstudied. Inhabits thehighmountain scrublands andgrasslands.
248
Fe/is parda/is
OCELOT, OCELOTE, GATO ONZA
250
Fe/is yagouaroundi
JAGUARUNDI, GATO EIRA, GATO MORO
Description: Head-body 600 mm; tail 400 mm; body very elongate,
weasellike; snout and ears short; no spots, uniform color ofreddish or gray or
black; sorne black individuals may have a sprinkling of white hairs.
Distribution: FromNeuquen Province northward through central Argentina.
Comments: Quitediumal,also activeatnight; mainlyfoundinforests; good
climber; forages on small marnmals and birds; in other areas it has been
known to attack monkeys.
Descripción: Cabeza y cuerpo 600 mm; cola 400 mm; cuerpo muy
alargado, tipo mustélido, con el hocico y las orejas cortas; coloración
uniforme, sin manchas; gran variación de colores en tonos rojizos, grises y
negro; en algunos ejemplares oscuros el pelaje puede estar salpicado de
blanco. Distribución: Todo el norte y centro de Argentina hasta el oeste de
Buenos Aires, norte de Río Negro y Neuquén. Comentarios: Bastante
actividad diurna; habita principalmente en zonas boscosas; hábil trepador; se
alimenta de pequeñas aves y mamíferos; en otras áreas de su distribución la
dieta incluye monos.
252
ORDER PERISSODACTYLA
TAPIR
The order includes tapirs, rhinoceroses and horses; in Argentina, the only
native species is the tapir; all are characterized by the structure of the feet,
which have an uneven number of toes and the weight bearing axis passes
through the middle digit.
255
Family Tapiridae
Tapírus terrestrís
TAPIR, ANTA
256
ORDER ARTIODACTYLA Family Tayassuidae
PECCARIES, CAMELIOS, DEER, CHANCHOS, CAMÉLIDOS, CÉRVIDOS PECCARIES, PECARÍES, CHANCHOS DEL MONTE
Characterized by an even number of digits and the axis of support passes Four toes on forefeet, two or three on hindfeet, but only two on each foot
between the two rniddle digits (digits 3 and 4) of each foot; both major digits are well developed; snout long and nosepad moveable; ears ovoid and erect;
are the same size. Three families of artiodactyls are in Tucuman, the scent glands on the rump anterior to the tail. Two genera are in Tucuman,
Tayassuidae (peccaries), Camelidae (guanaco) and Cervidae (deer). Tayassu, thecollaredpeccary,andCatagonus, thechacoanpeccary. Wehave
yet to encounter the whi te-lipped peccary in Tucuman, although it is in nearby
Se caracterizan por tener un número par de dedos y el plano de simetría, provinces.
o eje de soporte del peso, pasa entre el dedo 3 y 4 de cada pata; cada uno de
los dedos es de igual tamañ.o y comparten el peso del cuerpo. En Tucumán Cuatro dedos en las patas anteriores, dos o tres en las posteriores pero sólo
se encuentran las familias Tayassuidae (chanchos del monte), Camelidae dos desarrollados, que son los que tocan el suelo; hocico alargado y móvil;
(guanaco) y Cervidae (corzuelas y taruca). orejas ovales y erectas; glándulas odoríferas en la rabadilla adelante de la cola.
Dos géneros están representados en la fauna tucumana, el pecarí de collar
(Tayassu) y el chancho quimilero (Catagonus). No hay documentación de la
presencia del pecarí labiado mas que la mención sobre la fauna en general de
los bosques de la provincia.
258 259
Catagonus wagneri
CHACOAN PECCARY, CHANCHO QUIMILERO
260
Tayassu tajacu
COLLARED PECCARY, PECARI DE COLLAR, CHANCHO DEL MONTE
Description: Head-body 700-950 mm; tail 23-42 mm; color dark brown
or gray with lighter cream-colored hairs sprinkled throughout; sorne individuals
are redder and others almost black; legs dark, almost black; there is a white
or cream band from the shoulders under the neck in the form of a collar; dorsal
mane from head to rump made of long stiff hairs; body hairs long and stiff;
head triangular and rostrum straight in profile; legs short and hindfeet without
lateral hooves. Distribution: From the Andes and montane forests through
the Chaco, eastward to Corrientes and southward to La Rioja. May also be
in San Juan, Mendoza, Cordoba, Santa Fe and Entre Ríos. Comments:
Common in Tucuman, although populations have been greatly reduced by
hunters and habitat conversion; omnivores, foraging on fruit, roots, cacti and
small vertebrates; in pairs or in large groups of up to 50 animals.
262
Family Cervidae
DEER,TARUCA,CORZUELAS
There are two genera in Tucuman, Mazama, with two species, and
Hippocamelus with one. The brocket deer (Mazama) are smaller than the
huemul (Hippocamelus), and have small unbranched antlers, whereas the
latter has forked antlers; all lack upper incisors.
265
Hippocamelus antisensis
HUEMUL, TARUCA
266
Mazama americana
RED BROCKET DEER, CORZUELA ROJA
Description: Size large, shoulder height about 700 mm; head-body 1000-
1200 mm; tail 120 mm; color reddish brown, sorne individuals with golden
tints; underside of tail white; light colored patch over eyebrow and near tip of
snout; ears large and ovoid. Distribution: Across northern Argentina from
Tucuman, Jujuy and Salta to Misiones. Comments: Hard to see; inhabits the
densest moist lower montane forest and dense Chaco thomscrub; herbivorous
browser; solitary or in pairs; diurna! and nocturnal.
268
Mazama gouazoubira
BROWN BROCKET DEER, CORZUELA PARDA
270
Family Camelidae
Lama guanicoe
GUANACO
272
Suggested Readings INDEX
Bibliografía Adicional INDICE
Abrocoma cinerea, 210 barbara, Eira, 232
Bianchini,J. J., H. Delupi, and H. A. Regidor. 1987. Manual de métodos Abrocornidae, 136,210 Bat, 58
decampoparaelestudiodelosmamíferos. UniversidadNacional Akodon, Argentine brown, 76
de La Plata, Fac. de Cienc. Nat. y Museo, La Plata, Argentina. alterus, 138, 140 Big mastiff, 98
Budin, O. A. 1982. Taxidermia y captura de mamíferos. Min. Cult. y andinus, 138 Big free-tailed, 110
Educ., Fund. Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina. boliviensis, 138, 140, 142 Big-eared brown, 78
Cabrera, A., and J. Yepes. 1940. Mamíferos Sud Americanos (vida, caenosus, 140,142 Brown mastiff, 112
costumbres y descripción). Hist. Nat. Ediar, Cia. Argentina de illuteus,144, 146 Dirninutive brown, 74
Editores, Buenos Aires. simulator,140, 142, 144, 146,150 Dwarf dog-faced, 106
Emmons, L. H. 1990. Neotropical rainforest mammals: a field guide. albescens, Myotis, 86, 90 Flat-faced fruit-eating, 60
Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago. albiventris, Didelphis, 46, 48 Free-tailed, 95
alterus, Akodon, 138, 140 Greater mastiff, 104
Langguth, A., and S. Anderson. 1980. Manual de identificación de los
americana, Mazama, 268, 270 Guano, 114
mamíferos del Uruguay. Dir. Gen. de Extensión Universitaria,
Andinomys edax, 148 Hoary, 82
Univ. de la República, Fac. Hum. y Cienc., Dpto. Zool. de los Large yellow-shouldered, 70
Vertebrados, Montevideo. andinus, Akodon, 138
Anta, 256 Nose-leaf, 59
Mann, F. G. 1978. Los pequeños mamíferos de Chile (marsupiales, Pallas' mastiff, 108
Anteater, giant, 116, 117, 118
quirópteros, edentados y roedores). Gayana Zool., 40. Patagonian mastiff, 102
antisensis, Hippocamelus, 266
Mares, M. A. , R. A. Ojeda, and R.M. Barquez. 1989. Guide to the Peters' mastiff, 96
Armadillo, 116, 123
mammals of Salta Province, Argentina. Guía de los mamíferos Peters' woolly false vampire, 62
Chacoan naked-tailed armadillo,
de la Provincia de Salta, Argentina. Univ. Oklahoma Press, Red, 80
124
Norman, Oklahoma. Giant armadillo, 124, 128 Small yellow-shouldered, 66
Montes, G., and M. A. Palermo (eds.). 1984. Mamíferos: fauna Screaming armadillo, 126 Southem yellow, 84
Argentina. Centro Editor de América Latina, Six-banded armadillo, 128 Vampire,64
S. A., Buenos Aires. Southem three-banded arma- Wagner's mastiff, 100
Olrog, C. C., and M. M. Lucero. 1981. Guía de los mamíferos argentinos. dillo, 130 Yellow-shouldered, 68
Min. Cult. y Educ., Fund. Miguel Lillo, Tucumán, Argentina. boliviensis, Akodon, 138, 140, 142
Artibeus, 59
Redford, K. H., and J. F. Eisenberg. 1991. Mammals of the neotropics. jamaicensis, 60 Bolomys lactens, 150
Vol. 2: The southem cone: Chile, Argentina, Paraguay, and lituratus, 60 bonariensis, Eumops, 96, 102
Uruguay. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago. planirostris, 60 borealis, Lasiurus, 80
Artiodactyla, 258 brasiliensis,
auripendulus, Eumops, 100 Holochilus, 166
auritus, Sylvilagus, 133, 134
Chrotopterus, 62 Tadarida, 110, 114
Reithrodon, 178 Brocket deer, 265
australis, Microcavia, 186 Brown, 270
Red,268
275
274
Brown bat, del Monte, 259, 262 knighti, 198, 199, 200 diminutus, 74
Argentine, 76 Quimilero, 259, 260 latro, 198, 202, 208 furinalis, 76
Big-eared, 78 Chilla, 218 mendocinus, 202, 204 erythromos, Sturnira, 66, 68, 70
Dirninutive, 74 Chinchilla, 136, 191 occultus, 198, 199, 204 Eumops,
Chinchillidae, 136, 191 tuconax, 198, 199 200, 206 auripendulus, 100
Caballos, 255 Chinchillón, 136, 191, 192 tucumanus, 198, 199, 208 bonariensis, 96, 102
Cabassous chacoensis, 123, 124 chinga, Conepatus, 230 Cuis, 136, 181 dabbenei, 104, 98
Cabasú chico, 123, 124 Chiroptera, 58 Chico, 186 glaucinus, 100
caenosus,Akodon, 140,142 Chrotopterus, 59 Común, 184 patagonicus, 96, 102
cal/osus, Calomys, 1S2 auritus, 62 Serrano, 182, 184 perotis, 95, 98, 104
Calomys, 156 Ciervos, 265 cuja, Galictis, 234 Euphractus sexcinctus, 123, 128
callosus, 1S2 cinerea, Abrocoma, 210 culpaeus, Pseudalopex, 213, 216,
laucha, 1S4, 158 cinereus, Lasiurus, 82 218,220 Falso Vampiro,
lepidus, lS6, 158 Coati, 212, 223, 224 cuniculus, Oryctolagus, 133 Grande, 60
musculinus, 156, 1S8 Southem, 224 Cynomops, 95 Orejón, 62
Camelidae, 258, 272 Coipo, 136, 196 Felidae,212,241
Canidae, 212, 213 Colicorto, 46, 47 dabbenei, Eumops, 98 Fe lis,
cancrivorus, Procyon, 223, 226 Pampeano, S2 darwini, Phyllotis, 164, 174, 176 coloco/o, 241, 242
capensis, Lepus, 133 Colilargo, 136 Dasypodidae, 116, 123 concolor, 241, 244
Camivora, 212 Chico, 168 Deer, 258, 260,265, 266 geoffroyi, 241, 246
Cat, Común, 170 Brocket, 265 jacobita, 241, 242, 248
Andean,241,242,248 Comadrejas, 46, 47 Brown brocket, 270 onca,241
Geoffroy's, 241, 246 Colorada, SO Red brocket, 268 parda/is, 241, 2SO
Pampas, 241, 242 Común,48 Desmodus, 59 yagouaroundi, 241, 2S2
Catagonus, 259 Enana, 52, S4 rotundus, 64 flavescens, Oryzomys, 168, 170
wagneri, 260 Enana común, S6 Didelphidae, 47 Fox, 212, 213
Cavia, 181 coloco/o, Fe/is, 241, 242 Didelphis, 47 Andean red, 216
tschudii, 181, 182, 184 concolor, Felis, 241, 244 albiventris, 46, 48 Argentine gray, 218
Caviidae, 136, 181 Conejo, 133 dimidiara, Monodelphis, S2 Forest, 214
Cavy, 136, 181, 186 Conejo del palo,136, 181, 188 diminutus, Eptesicus, 74 Pampas, 220
Chacoan, 188 Conepatus, 229 domorum, Graomys, 162 Frutero,
Common yellow-toothed, 184 chinga, 230 Chico oscuro, 66
Montane, 182 rex, 230 edax, Andinomys, 148 Común,68
Southem dwarf, 186 Corzuela, 258, 265 Edentates, 116 Grande, 70
Cerdocyon, Parda, 270 Edentados, 116 furinalis, Eptesicus, 76
thous, 213, 214, Roja, 268, 270 ega, Lasiurus, 84
Cervidae, 258, 265 coypus, Myocastor, 196 Eira, 229, 232 Galea, 181
Cérvidos, 258 crassicaudata, Lutreolina, 46, SO barbara, 232 musteloides, 184
chacoensis, Cabassous, 123, 124 Cricetidae, 136, 137 elegans, Thylamys, S4, 56 Galictis, 229, 238
Chaetophractus vellerosus, 126 Ctenomyidae, 136, 198 Eligmodontia moreni, 160 cuja, 234
Chancho, Ctenomys, Eptesicus, 73 Gato, 212, 241
276 277
Andino, 241, 242, 248 Hurón, 212, 229 lepus capensis, 133 Mice, 136
del pajonal, 241, 242 Mayor, 229, 232 /evis, Myotis, 86, 90 Microcavia, 181
Eira, 241, 252 Menor, 229, 234 Liebres, 133 australis, 186
Montés, 241, 246, 248 Huroncito, 229, 238 /ilium, Sturnira, 66, 68 Moloso,
Moro, 241, 252 /ituratus, Artibeus, 60 Cola gruesa chico, 108
Onza, 250 illuteus, Akodon 144, 146 Lobito de río, 212, 229, 236 Cola larga chico, 112
Perro, 232 /ongicaudatus, Oryzomys, 170 Cola de ratón grande, 110
geoffroyi, Fe/is, 241, 246 jacobita, Fe/is, 241, 242, 248 /ongicaudis, lutra, 236 Común, 110, 114
Gerbil mouse, Jaguaroundi, 241, 252 lutra, 229 Orejón blanquecino, 100
Monte, 160 jamaicensis, Artibeus, 60 /ongicaudis, 236 Orejón gigante, 95, 98, 104
glaucinus, Eumops, 100 platensis, 212 Orejón grande, 98
gouazoubira, Mazama, 270 keaysi, Myotis, 88 lutreo/ina, 47 Orejón gris, 102
Graomys, knighti, Ctenomys, 198, 199, 200 crassicaudata, 46, SO Orejón pardo, 96
domorum, 162 lyncodon,229 Pigmeo, 95, 106
griseoflavus, 162, 164 /actens, Bolomys, 150 patagonicus, 238 Molossidae, 95
Grass mouse, lagidium viscascia, 191, 192 Mo/ossops temminckii, 95, 106
Bolivian, 140 Lagomorpha, 133 macrotis, Nyctinomops, 65 Mo/ossus molossus, 108
Bunchgrass, 138 lagostomus, 192 macrotus, Histiotus, 78 molossus, Molossus, 108
Gray, 144 maximus, 191, 194 Marmosa, Monode/phis, 47
Gray-bellied, 146 lama guanicoe, 272 elegante, 54 dimidiata, 52
Rufous-bellied, 150 lasiurus, 73 elegante común, 56 moreni, Eligmodontia, 160
Unicolored, 142 borea/is, 80 Marsupiales, 46 Mountain !ion, 244
griseoflavus, Graomys, 162, 164 cinereus, 82 Marsupialia, 46 Mouse, 136
griseus, Pseudalopex, 213, 218, 220 ega,84 Marsupials, 46, 47 Andean vesper, 156
Grison, Lesser, 234 latro, Ctenomys, 198, 202, 208 Mastiff bat, Bolivian grass, 140
gualacáte, 116, 123, 128 Laucha, 136, 137 Big, 98 Bunchgrass grass, 138
Guanaco, 258, 272 Andina, 156 Brown, 112 Bunchgrass leaf-eared, 176
guanicoe, lama, 272 Bimaculada, 158 Greater, 104 Burrowing, 172
gymnocercus, Pseuda/opex, 213, Chica, 154, 158 Pallas', 108 Darwin's leaf-eared, 174
220 Colilarga bayo del Monte, 160 Patagonian, 102 Drylands vesper, 158
Grande, 152 Peters', 96 Gray grass, 144
Hare, European, 133 laucha, Ca/omys, 154, 158 Wagner's, 100 Gray leaf-eared, 164
Hippocamelus antisensis, 266 Leaf-eared mouse, 136 matacus, Tolypeutes, 123, 130 Gray-bellied grass, 146
Histiotus, 73 Bunchgrass, 176 maximus, Large vesper, 152
macrotus, 78 Darwin's, 174 lagostomus, 191, 194 Monte gerbil, 160
Hocicudo, 136 Gray, 164 Priodontes, 128 Pale leaf-eared, 162
Pararneño, 172 Pale, 162 Mayuato, 226 Rufous-bellied grass, 150
Ho/ochilus brasi/iensis, 166 León,244 Mazama, 265, 270 Unicolored grass, 142
Horses, 255 lepidus, Ca/omys, 156, 158 americana, 268, 270 Vesper, 154
Huemul, 265, 266 Leporidae, 133 gouazoubira, 270 Mouse opossum, 47
del norte, 265 leporinus, Noctilio, 58 mendocinus, Ctenomys, 202, 204 Common, 56
278 279
Elegant, 54 Noctilio leporinus, 58 salinicola, 188 Y ellowish rice rat, 168
Mulita, 116, 123 Noctilionidae, 58 Pericote, 136, 137, 178 Rata, 136
Murciélago, 58 Nutria, 136, 196 Común, 164 Colorada, 166
Blancuzco,82 Nyctinomops macrotis, 110 Grande, 176 Conejo, 178
Leonado,84 Panza gris, 174, 176 Chinchilla, 136, 210
Orejón grande, 78 occultus, Ctenomys, 198, 204 Pálido, 162 Ratón,
Pardo chico, 74 Ocelot, 241, 248, 250 Perissodactyla, 255 Andino, 148
Pardo común, 76 Ocelote, 241, 248, 250 perotis, Eumops, 95, 98, 104 de los pastizales, 138
Rojizo, 80 Oculto, 136, 198 Phyllostomidae, 58, 59 Grande, 144
Murcielaguito, onca, Fe/is, 241 Phyllotis, 178 Plomizo, 140
Común,90 oporaphilum, Sturnira, 70 darwini, 164, 174, 176 Unicolor, 142
de vientre blanco, 86, 90 Opossum, 46, 47 osilae, 174, 176 Variado, 146
Oscuro, 92 Liule Water, 50 Pichis, 116 Ventrirufo, 150
Patas peludas, 88 Short-tailed, 52 platensis, lutra, 212 Reithrodon auritus, 178
Murciélagos Chicos, 73 White-eared, 48 planirostris, Artibeus, 60 rex, Conepatus, 230
Murciélagos Cola de Ratón, 95 Oryctolagus cuniculus, 133 Priodontes maximus, 128 Rhinoceroses, 255
Murciélagos de Hoja Nasal, 59 Oryzomys, 170 Procyon cancrivorus, 223, 226 Rinocerontes, 255
Muridae, 137 flavescens,168, 170 Procyonidae,212,223 Rodentia, 136
musculinus, Calomys, 156, 158 longicaudatus, 170 Promops nasutus, 108, 112 Rodents, 136
Mustelidae, 212, 229 osilae, Phyllotis, 164, 176 Pseudalopex, 213 Roedores, 136, 137
musteloides, Galea, 184 Osito lavador, 212, 223, 226 culpaeus, 216, 218, 220 rotundus, Desmodus, 64
Myocastor coypus, 196 Oso, griseus, 218, 220
Myocastoridae, 136, 196 Hormiguero, 116, 117, 118, 120 gymnocercus, 220 Sacho-mono, 224
Myotis, 73 · Melero, 116, 117, 120 Puma, 241, 244 salinicola, Pediolagus, 188
albescens, 86, 90 Otter, 212, 229 pusillus, Thylamys, 56 sexcinctus, Euphractus, 123, 128
keaysi, 88 Southcm river, 236 simulator, Akodon, 140, 142, 144,
levis, 86, 90 Oxymycterus paramensis, 172 Quirquincho, 116, 130 146, 150
nigricans, 92 Bola, 130 Skunk,212,229
Myotis, paramensis, Oxymycterus, 172 Chico,123, 126 Common hog-nosed, 230
Black, 92 parda/is, Fe/is, 241, 250 Sturnira, 59
Common, 90 patagonicus, Rabbit, 133 erythromos, 66, 68, 70
Hairy-legged, 88 Eumops, 102 European, 133 lilium, 66, 68
Silver-tipped, 86 lyncodon,238 Forest, 134 oporaphilum, 70
Myrmecophaga tridactyla, 117, 118, Pecarí, 259 Raccoon,212,223 Sylvilagus brasiliensis, 133, 134
120 de collar, 259, 260, 262 Crab-eating, 226
Myrmecophagidae, 116, 117 Labiado, 259 Rat, 136, 137 Tadarida brasiliensis, 110, 114
Pcccary, 259 Andean, 148 tajacu, Tayassu, 260, 262
Nasua nasua, 223, 224 Chacoan, 259, 260 Bunny,178 Tamandua, 116, 117,120
nasua,Nasua,223,224 Collared, 259, 260, 262 Chinchilla, 136, 210 Tamandua tetradactyla, 117, 120
nasutus, Promops, 108, 112 White-Iipped, 259 Common rice, 170 Tapir, 255, 256
nigricans, Myotis, 92 Pediolagus, 181 M arsh, 166 Tapiridae, 256
280 281
Tapirus terrestris, 256 Vespertilionidae, 58, 73
Tapití, 133, 134 Vicuña, 272
Taruca,258,265,266 viscascia, Lagidium, 191, 192
Tatú carreta, 116 Vizcacha, 136, 191, 192, 194
Tayassu, 259 Mountain, 191, 192
tajacu, 260, 262 Plains, 191, 194
Tayassuidae, 259 Serrana, 192
Tayra, 232
temminckii, Molossops, 95, 106 wagneri, Catagonus, 260
terrestris, Tapirus, 256 Weasel, 212, 229
tetradacty/a, Tamandua, 117. 120 Patagonian, 238
thous, Cerdocyon, 213, 214
Thylamys, 47, 52 Xenarthra, 116
elegans, 54, 56
pusillus, 56 yagouaroundi, Fe/is, 241, 252
Tolypeutes matacus, 123, 130
tridactyla, Myrmecophaga, 117, Zorrino, 212, 229
118, 120 Común,230
tschudii, Cavia, 181, 182, 184 Zorros, 212, 213
tuconax, Ctenomys, 198, 199, 206 Colorado, 216
Tucu tuco, 136, 198 de Monte, 214
Catamarca, 200 Gris chico, 218
Catamarqueño, 200 Pampa, 220
Furtive, 204
Manchado,202
Montaraz, 204
Mottled, 202
Robust, 206
Robusto, 206
Tucuman, 208
Tucumano, 208
tucumanus, Ctenomys, 198, 199,
202,208
Vampire bat, 64
Vampiro común, 64
vellerosus, Chaetophractus, 126
Vesper mouse, 154
Andean, 156
Drylands, 158
Large, 152
282
65°
MESQUITE WOODLANDS
BOSQUE DE ALGARROBO
PUNA
THORN FOREST
CHACO
SUBTROPICAL FOREST
BOSQUE SUBTROPICAL 20 km
HABITATSOFTUCUMAN
ISBN 1-883090-03-2
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