AER210 VECTOR CALCULUS and FLUID MECHANICS

Quiz 3
Duration: 70 minutes
11 November 2013

Closed Book, no aid sheets

Non-programmable calculators allowed

Instructor: Prof. Alis Ekmekci

Family Name: __________________________________________

Given Name: __________________________________________

Student #: __________________________________________
TA Name/Tutorial #: ____________________________________

FOR MARKER USE ONLY

Question Marks Earned
1 12
2 10
3 10
4 10
5 10

TOTAL 52 /50
dP du
Hints: EV = − τ =µ −∇p+ρ = ρ
dV dy
V
(Gravitational acceleration: g = 10 m/s2)
 Name: ___________________

1) a) (5 marks) Indicate whether the statement is True (T) or False (F)?

____ A submerged body will be stable when its centre of gravity is above its center of
buoyancy.

____ Water is a Newtonian fluid.

____ Pascal's law states that pressure is a vector.

____ Buckingham Pi theorem gives the number of dimensionless variables one can form in a
relationship among dimensional variables.

____ If you have a bulk modulus of elasticity that is a very large number, then a small change
in pressure would cause a very large change in volume (see the front page for formulas).

b) (3 marks) Consider two identical spherical balls submerged in water at different depths. Will
the buoyant forces acting on these two balls be the same or different? Explain.

c) (2 marks) Explain what is the difference between gage pressure and absolute pressure?

d) (2 marks) Do the viscosity of liquids increase or decrease with increasing temperature?

Explain why?

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2) (6 marks) A thin 20 cm × 20 cm flat plate is pulled at 1 m/s horizontally through a 3.6-mm-

thick oil layer sandwiched between two plates, one stationary and the other moving at a constant
velocity of 0.3 m/s, as shown in the figure below. The dynamic viscosity = 0.027 Pa.s.
Assuming the velocity in each oil layer to vary linearly,
- draw the velocity profile in the oil layers [1/5 marks];
- determine the force that needs to be applied on the plate to maintain this motion [4/5 marks].

b) (4 marks) What is the gage pressure at the center of pipe B?

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 Name: ___________________

3) 2) [10 marks] When wind blows over a chimney, vortices (also known as eddies) shed into the
wake region of the flow. The frequency of vortices f depends on the chimney diameter D,
chimney length L, the wind velocity V, and the kinematic viscosity ν of the air.

a) Selecting D and V as the repeating variables, express the non-dimensional shedding frequency
in terms of other non-dimensional groups. [8/10 marks]

b) If a 1/10 scale model were to be tested in a wind tunnel and full similarity was required:

(i) What air velocity would be necessary in the wind tunnel compared to the wind
velocity experienced by the full scale chimney? [1/10 marks]

(ii) For the shedding of vortices, what frequencies would be observed in the wind tunnel
compared to the shedding frequency generated by the full-scale chimney? [1/10 marks]

Hints: Remember that kinematic viscosity is equal to the ratio of dynamic viscosity with density,
(ν = / ).

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 Name: ___________________

EXTRA PAGE

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4) (10 marks) A rectangular container of water undergoes acceleration down an incline as shown
in the diagram. Determine the slop of the free surface using coordinate system shown.
Note: sin(30o) = 0.5, cos(30o) = √
√3/2

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EXTRA PAGE

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5) [10 marks] The square gate (with a length w and width w) is eccentrically pivoted as shown
below so that it automatically opens at a certain value of h. What is that h value in terms of w?

Hint: Note that the gate is free to rotate in the clockwise direction around the pivot (without the
effect of the stopper).

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EXTRA PAGE

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