Semester Test 3 – 9 May 2017

MEMO

COURSE: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE

TIME: 90 Minutes

SUBJECT: INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DESIGN 1A (IINEEA1/IIN1A11) MARKS: 45

This paper consists of 3 pages

EXAMINERS: Dr. M Bhamjee

Dr. M.F. Erinosho
Dr. A Maneschijn
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 Answer all the questions
 Name and explain all assumptions
 Show all the steps in your calculations clearly
 One (1) mark per fact
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QUESTION 1: [10]

a.) Define Hooke’s Law and give the equation that describes Hooke’s Law. (5)

Solution:

Hooke’s law states that when a load is applied to an elastic material the
deformation is proportional to the load.

Any equation below is valid and worth 1 mark:

𝜎
𝜎 = 𝐸𝜀; 𝐹𝛼𝛿𝐿; 𝜎𝛼𝜀; 𝐸= ; 𝜀 = 𝜎/𝐸
𝜀

b.) Explain what is meant by the modulus of elasticity and the modulus of rigidity of a
material. (5)

Solution:

1
 The modulus of elasticity is a measure of how easily a material will deform 
under a direct or normal load. 
The modulus of rigidity is a measure of how easily a material can be twisted
or sheared under a shear loading. 

QUESTION 2: [10]

A solid cylinder of 60 mm diameter is subjected to a tensile load of 50 kN. One part of the
cylinder is 400 mm in length and is made of steel. The other part of the cylinder is made
of aluminium and is 600 mm in length. Esteel = 200 GPa and Ealuminium = 70 GPa.

a) Determine the elongation in the steel part of the cylinder and the elongation in the
aluminium part of the cylinder. (5)

Solution:

Noting that the Area for each bar is the same and that for bars in series 𝐹𝑠 = 𝐹𝑎𝑙 = 𝐹 =
80𝑘𝑁, the change in Length for the bars are:
FLs FLal
∆𝐿𝑠 =  and ∆𝐿𝑎𝑙 = 
AEs AEal

𝜋𝑑 2 𝜋(0.06)2
and 𝐴 = = = 2.83(10−3 )𝑚2 
4 4

Thus:

FLs 50(103 )(0.4)

∆𝐿𝑠 = = 9 −3
= 3.54(10−5 ) m = 3.54(10−2 ) mm 
AEs (200)(10 )(2.83)(10 )

and

FLal 50(103 )(0.6)

∆𝐿𝑎𝑙 = = 9 −3
= 1.52(10−4 ) m = 1.52(10−1 ) mm 
AEal (70)(10 )(2.83)(10 )
b) Determine the total elongation of the cylinder. (5)

Solution:
∆𝐿 = ∆𝐿𝑠  + ∆𝐿𝑎𝑙 

FLs FLal
∆𝐿 = + 
AEs AEal

2
 ∆𝐿 = 3.54(10−5 ) 𝑚 + 1.52(10−4 ) 𝑚

∆𝐿 = 1.87(10−4 ) 𝑚 = 1.87(10−1 )𝑚𝑚 

QUESTION 3: [10]

Two lengths of material (plates) are connected together by a single rivet as shown in
Figure 1.

a.) Determine the force T to cause failure if the rivet has an 8 mm root diameter. The
allowable shear stress is 50 MPa. (4)

Solution:
𝜋𝑑 2 𝜋(0.008)2
The shear area 𝐴𝑠 = = = 5.03(10−5 )𝑚2 
4 4

𝐹
𝜏= → 𝐹 = 𝜏𝐴𝑠 
𝐴𝑠

𝐹 = (50(106 ))(5.03(10−5 ) = 2513.27 𝑁 = 2.513 𝑘𝑁 

b.) Determine the normal stress, the lateral strain and the longitudinal strain in the
plate if the dimensions of the plate are (length = 30 mm, width and height is 20
mm). E = 210 GPa and 𝜈 = 0.33 (6)

Solution:

𝐹 2513.27
𝜎=  = = 6.28 𝑀𝑃𝑎 
𝐴 4(10−4 )

𝜎 6.28(106 )
𝜀=  = 9
= 2.99(10−5 ) 
𝐸 (
210 10 )

𝜀𝑙𝑎𝑡 = −𝜈𝜀  = 0.33(2.99(10−5 )) = −9.87(10−6 ) 

3
 Figure 1. Riveted plates

QUESTION 4: [15]

Given the beam with the loading in Figure 3 below:

a.) Determine the support reactions at A and B. (4)

b.) Draw the shear force and bending moment diagrams for the beam. (6)

c.) Determine the maximum tensile and the maximum compressive stresses in the
section. (5)

Figure 2. A beam and section

4
Solution:

5
 ℎ 0.1
c.) 𝑦̅ = 2 = = 0.05𝑚
2

𝑏ℎ3 (0.01)(0.13 )
𝐼𝑥𝑥 = = = 8.33(10−7 )𝑚4 
12 12
𝑀𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑦̅
𝜎𝑐 = 𝜎𝑡  =  = (111.875(0.05))/(8.33(10−7 ) = 6.71𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝐼𝑥𝑥