Name: Luluk Rofiqoh – 195300079

Class: B-2019
Compound words, blends and phrasal words

Compounds versus phrases

Compounds is words formed by combining roots, and the much smaller category of phrasal

words. That is items that have the internal structure of phrases but function syntactically as

words.

Example :

● black bóard bláckboard

‘board that is black’ ‘board for writing on’
● white hóuse (the) Whíte House
‘house that is white’ ‘residence of the US president’
Compounds verb
Formed verb compound it rarely found because usually the verb is derived from affixation.
There are 4 structures for compound verb :
(6) verb–verb (VV) : stir-fry, freeze-dry

(7) noun–verb (NV) : hand-wash, air-condition, steam-clean

(8) adjective–verb (AV) : dry-clean, whitewash

(9) preposition–verb (PV) : underestimate, outrun, overcook

All these compounds have a verb as the rightmost element.

compounds adjective
examples :

(10) noun–adjective (NA) : sky-high, coal-black, oil-rich

(11) adjective–adjective (AA) : grey-green, squeaky-clean, red-hot

(12) preposition–adjective (PA) : underfull, overactive

 (12) Overactive
head
 Have a verb as the rightmost element.

It is a new type of adjective, with the meaning ‘too x’

compounds noun
Compound nouns are nouns made of two or more words.

Each compound nouns act as a unit and can modified by other adjectives and nouns.

Example (left-hand element) :

• verb–noun (VN): swearword, drophammer, playtime

• noun–noun (NN): hairnet, mosquito net, butterfly net, hair restorer

• adjective–noun (AN): blackboard, greenstone, faintheart

• preposition–noun (PN): in-group, outpost, overcoat

All of these have the main stress on the left.

headed and headless compounds
Headed compounds is compound word where is the meaning of compound determined by

the head.

E.g. Blackboard
Head → kind of board
Headless Compounds is a compound word that specifies a complex meaning,

In other words the parts of the word do not make up the whole meaning.

E.g. pickpocket, killjoy, cutpurse

Blends and acronyms
Blend is a compound consisting of at least one partially reproduced component.
E.g. smog a combination of smoke and fog
Acronyms is a type of word trimming that is only taken from the letters of each word.
Usually, the first letter.
E.g. NATO (for North Atlantic Treaty Organisation), ANZAC (for Australian and New

Zealand Army Corps), RAM (for random access memory)

compounds containing bound combining forms

Combining forms : a huge repertoire of compounds that are made up of bound roots.
Example :

(23) anthropology, sociology, cardiogram, electrocardiogram, retrograde, retrospect,

plantigrade

Anthrop(o)- ‘human’ plus -(o)logy ‘science or study’ yields a word that means ‘science or
study of human beings’,
phrasal words
Phrasal words are complex items that function as words, yet whose internal structure is that

of a clause or

a phrase rather than of a compound.

Example :

• phrasal word (noun) = jack-in-the-box

Phrasal word (adjective) = dyed-in-the-wool