Multiple Affixation and

Compounding

Discussant: Jonathan S. Encio

OAFFIXATION

- Affixation
is a morphological process
whereby a bound morpheme, an affix, is
attached to a morphological base.
SUFFIXATION

- is the formation of words with the help

of suffixes, which usually modify the
lexical meaning of the base and transfer
words to a different part of speech.
Oe.g. a concrete noun becomes an
abstract one, e.g. child —
childhood, friend — friendship,
etc.
O PREFIXATION

- is the formation of words with the help

of prefixes, which are derivational
morphemes, affixed before the
derivational base.
Examples:

Usual – Unusual
Head – behead
Connect – disconnect
Tie – untie
 Multiple Affixation
O The process of reattaching the
same morpheme Multiple
Affixation again and again, which
is permitted, but unusual. Multiple
affixations of different affixes is
accepted.
Examples:

O Contradictoriness
O Discontinuousness
O Unacceptability
O Pre-anti-denationalization
Compounding
O is the morphological operation that—in
general—puts together two free forms and
gives rise to a new word. The importance of
compounding stems from the fact that there
are probably no languages without
compounding, and in some languages (e.g.,
Chinese) it is the major source of new word
formation.
O A Compound Word is one whose stem contains more
than one root, not just a root with an affix.
Examples:
O view  = root (not a compound)
O views  = root + -s affix (not a compound)
O points  = root + -s (not a compound)
O viewpoint  = root + root (compound)
O viewpoints  = root + root + -s affix (compound)
O place  = root (not a compound)
O kicks  = root + -s affix (not a compound)
O Kicker = root + -er affix (not a compound)
O kickers  = root + -er affix + -s affix (not a compound)
O placekick  = root + root (compound)
O placekicker  = root + root + -er affix (compound)
O placekickers = root + root + -er affix + -s affix (compound)
O The head of a compound word is the morpheme that
determines the syntactic category of the entire word.
Examples:
O waterfall = noun; water = noun, fall = verb so water is
the head

O greenhouse = noun; green = adjective, house = noun,

so house is the head
O Endocentric compounds are those that denote
a subtype of the head.

Examples:

O An oil can is a type of can

O A policeman is a type of man
O Exocentric compounds are those that denote a
semantic category different from the head.

Examples:

O A walkman is not a type of man but a type of machine

O A redhead is not a type of head but a type of person