CAIRO UNIVERSITY (‫ )تخلف ومن الخارج‬SECOND YEAR

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING January 2007

CHEMICAL ENG. DEPT. Time: 2 Hrs
MOMENTUM TRANSFER

Attempt all questions and assume any missing data

PART ONE:

1. a) In the shown manometer calculate the gage pressure at

pipe “B” (in atm) if you know that the pressure at pipe Mercury
“A” is 2.5 atm abs.
Water
x
b) Calculate the reading of the manometer “x” if the 2m
gage pressure at pipe “B” is doubled, and the
pressure at “A” remains the same. A
3m
(Hint: the total length of the mercury will not 2m
change) B
s = 0.9

2. A gate in a form of a circular arc of radius 5 m as shown in the figure. Calculate the magnitude
and direction of the resultant force per meter run of the gate.

5m
Water
30
30

3. a) Derive an equation for the constant pressure line in a liquid accelerated horizontally by an
acceleration ax.

b) In the figure below, ax = 9.8 m/s2. Find the pressure values at points A, B and C (absolute and
gage values).
A

1m ax
1.4 m Water

B C

1.4 m

PART TWO:

4. a) Water flowing at 2500 cm3/s in a 50 mm diameter pipe is metered by means of a simple

orifice of 25 mm diameter. What will be the reading on a mercury–under–water manometer
connected to the orifice-meter?
Viscosity of water = 1 mN·s/m2. Specific gravity of Hg = 13.6.
 b) Three hundred liters per second of water
1
are flowing throw the shown pipe. The 2
30 cm 20 cm
manometer liquid has a specific gravity of 1.6.
Calculate the manometer reading in the
following cases:
i) As shown in the figure
ii) When the Pitot tube is at section “2” and
the static pressure connection is at section “1”.

5. a) Discuss each of the following:

i) Cavitation
ii) Differences between the Venturi meter and the orifice plate.

b) Derive Euler’s equation of motion along a streamline.

c) The simple pipeline shown in the figure contains a square edged entrance “A”, a valve “B”
and a nozzle “C” at the end of the line. Losses at A, B, C and through the pipe length are
given in terms of the velocity head.
i) Find the velocity at the nozzle “Vc”.
ii) Find the hydraulic energy at “A”.
iii) Draw the total energy line.

60 ft

1.5-in
Kp=12 (for pipe) nozzle diam.

A B C
3-in
KA=0.5 pipe diam. KB=10 KC=0.1
Discharge Coefficient

1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
1 10 102 103 104 105
Re through the orifice