CAIRO UNIVERSITY SECOND YEAR

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING January 2007

CHEMICAL ENG. DEPT. Time: 2 Hrs
MOMENTUM TRANSFER

Attempt all questions and assume any missing data

PART ONE:

1. Somewhere on the earth, the pressure at the sea level is 755 mm Hg, and the temperature is 32C.
There is a camp located on a mountain 2360 m above sea level in that area.

a) Will it take longer or shorter time to cook a meal at the camp compared with a place at the sea
level (using the same heating rate)? Explain your answer scientifically.

b) Calculate the pressure value at the camp:

i) Assuming isothermal conditions (T = const).
ii) Assuming isentropic conditions (P/ = const, air = 1.4).

2. a) Derive an equation to calculate the value of the force (due to pressure) acting on a vertical
rectangular plate (HB) immersed in a liquid. Calculate the depth of the line of action of this
force ( h ).
Alcohol
vapor only
b) In the shown figure calculate the reading of the A
z = 7.25 m
pressure gage “PA” in atm., and the reading of the
manometer “x” in mm.
Alcohol
The alcohol vapor pressure at the experiment s = 0.8
temperature was 160 mbar abs. y=4m

s = 1.76

3. a) Draw a NEAT sketch for a centrifugal decanter used to separate two liquids with different
densities. Show the areas filled with the light and heavy liquids. Indicate on your sketch the
feed and products positions.

b) In the figure below, ax = 32.2 ft/s2. Find the pressure values at points A, B and C (absolute and
gage values).

1m ax
1.4 m Water

B C

1.4 m
 PART TWO:

4. a) Write short notes on cavitation, how it takes place, and its problems in centrifugal pumps.

b) Draw an approximate total energy line for the following system. Take into consideration the
pressure losses due to flow through pipes and due to fittings. Pressure values at points “1”
and “8” are atmospheric. Assume any missing data.
d = 2 in
7 L = 60 m 8
6

50 m
d = 2 in
L = 60 m
1

5m
2 5
3 d = 3 in 4
L = 20 m

5. a) Select the size of the orifice that permits a tank of horizontal cross section of 16 ft 2 have the
liquid surface drawn down at a rate of 0.6 ft/s for 11 ft head on the orifice. (Cd =0.63)
Air (2 psig)
b) For the shown figure, calculate the losses in ft.
(Cv = 0.96). Oil
s = 0.92 4 ft

3-in diameter, Cd = 0.74

6. Sulphuric acid of specific gravity 1.3 is flowing through a pipe of 50 mm internal diameter. A
sharp edged orifice10 mm diameter is fitted in the pipe and the differential pressure measured by
a mercury manometer is 10 cm. Assuming that the leads to the manometer are filled with the
acid, calculate:
a) Weight of acid flowing per second.
b) The approximate loss of pressure (in kN/m2) caused by the orifice.
Sp. gr. of mercury is 13.55, density of water is 1000 kg/m3 (62.4 lb/ft3)
Discharge Coefficient

1.00
0.95
0.90
0.85
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
0.50
0.45
0.40
0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
1 10 102 103 104 105
Re through the orifice