LINKING WORDS: ADDITION, CONTRAST AND TIME

Addition
1. Use and, too, as well and also to connect words, phrases and sentences.
2. TOO and AS WELL are usually used at the end of a sentence. ALSO can
come in the middle.
EG. She writes great stories. She draws the pictures TOO / She ALSO
draws the pictures.
3. Use IN ADDITION, BESIDES, FURTHERMORE, MOREOVER or WHAT’S
MORE to introduce a sentence with more information. What’s more is
informal.
Eg. He was cold and hungry. WHAT’S MORE, he didn’t know the way
home.
4. Use the phrase ABOVE ALL to suggest that something is more important
than other things you have mentioned.
EG. ABOVE ALL, the situations Alex gets into are really interesting!
5. Use EQUALLY, LIKEWISE and SIMILARLY at the beginning of a sentence to
introduce information which is similar in some way.
EG. There are a lot of Sherlock Holmes stories. SIMILARLY, there are many
films.

CONTRAST
6. We use BUT, YET, HOWEVER and NEVERTHELESS to constrast information.
Eg. The government knew of the problem, YET they didn’t publish the
report until now.
7. We can also use ALTHOUGH, THOUGH, IN SPITE OF +noun or
DESPITE+NOUN to contrast ideas.
EG. ALTHOUGH he is only 14 /DESPITE his young age, Alex is no ordinary
teenager.
OBS. We use THOUGH in informal language at the beginning of a sentence
to mean ‚’’although’’ ar at the end to mean HOWEVER.
Eg.THOUGH only 14, Alex is no ordinary teenager.
We had a great time at the beach. It was very windy, THOUGH.
 Obs. We can’t use IN SPITE OF to join sentences. Instead we use the
phrase IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT.
EG. I was really happy IN SPITE OF THE FACT THAT I hadn’t won.

8. Use ON THE ONE HAND......ON THE OTHER HAND, WHILE, WHEREAS and
IN/BY CONTRAST to compare contrasting ideas.
EG. The footballer dislikes being seen in public. His wife, IN CONTRAST,
clearly loves it!
OBS. We can use ON THE OTHER HAND without ON THE ONE HAND.
Eg. He wasn’t sure if she was telling the truth. I, ON THE HAND, had no doubts
at all.
9. Use ON THE CONTRARY when you add onfomation to support a negative
statement.
EG. The government has not managed to improve standards in schools. ON
THE CONTRARY, more students are failing their exams.
We also use it to contradict a suggestion made by another person.
EG. You probably know this already.
ON THE CONTRARY, I had no idea.
TIME
10.Use AS, WHEN or While to talk about two things happening at the same
time.
EG. WHILE most kids worry about homework, she is just trying to stau
alive.
11.Use AFTER, BEFORE, WHEN, AS SOOS AS and ONCE to talk about two
things that happen one after the other.
12.Use SINCE to talk about when something began and FOR to talk about
how long it went on.
13.Use UNTIL to talk about the time when something stops happening and
something else starts.
EG. He didn’t know anything about all this UNTIL last year.
14.Use BY THE TIME to mean at the time when or before something else
happens.
EG. I’LL be rich BY THE TIME I am 30.
15.Use the following adverbs or adverbial phrasesto describe the order of
events or the sequence of points in an argument: first(ly), second(ly), first
of all, next/then, afterwards/after that, before, finally/eventually/lastly,
later.
16.Use BEFORE and AFTERWARDS as adverbs.
EG. I finish college next summer. AFTERWARDS, I am going travelling for a
year.

17.Use MEANWHILE to talk about what happens between two events or at

the same time as another event.
EG. The parents went out. MEANWHILE, at home, the children had a party.