Hydraulics Glossary

Term Definition
axial piston Axial piston motors come in swash plate, bent axis, and wobble plate
motor constructions and are designed for the medium and high pressure ranges.
axial piston Axial piston pumps come in swash plate, bent axis, and wobble plate
pump constructions and are designed for the medium and high pressure ranges.
Ball seat valves use a non-guided ball as a seating element. These valves are
ball seat valve
used in hydraulics and pneumatics.
Bosch-Rexroth is one of the leading global specialists in propulsion and
Bosch-Rexroth steering technology. The company, with its well-known individual brands,
such as Brueninghaus and Hydromatik, is a technology leader.
The steelworks division of Brueninghaus became the independent
Brueninghaus Hydraulik GmbH in 1969. In 1975 Mannesmann AG took
over the company and incorporated it into the Rexroth Group. In 1994 there
Brueninghaus
was a merger with Brueninghaus Hydromatik GmbH. In 2001 the company,
along with Rexroth, was taken over by Robert Bosch GmbH. In 2010 it
merged into Bosch Rexroth AG.
Bucher Hydraulics develops and produces propulsion and steering
technology in the mobile and industrial hydraulics sector. It has taken over,
among others, the Italian company "Hidroirma" (1994), "Beringer
Bucher Hydraulik" in Neuheim, Switzerland (1996), "Hydrotechnik" in Frutigen,
Switzerland, "Dingkind" in Taiwan (1997), "Truninger AG" in Solothurn,
Switzerland (2000), "Monarch Hydraulics" in the USA (2007), and
"Command Controls" (2008), also in the USA.
Caterpillar Inc. is the largest manufacturer of construction machinery in the
Caterpillar
world and has its headquarters in Peoria, Illinois (USA)
The function of a check valve is to determine the direction of the flow of the
check valve hydraulic fluid within a pipe and automatically block the passage of the
fluid in a flow direction.
The check-Q-meter or lowering break valve is used in hydraulic systems as
a counter pressure valve to prevent hydraulic motors and cylinders from
check-Q-meter
running at a higher speed. It also fulfils a blocking function as pipe rupture
protection.
The hydraulic oil stays in the working lines and continuously flows from the
closed hydraulic
hydraulic pump to the consumer load and back again. Internal leaks that
circuit
develop are filled in again by a supply pressure pump.
Construction Construction machinery uses hydraulics for all working functions such as
machinery lifting, gripping etc., as well as for the travel drive.
Daikin Industries, Ltd. (jap. ダイキン工業株式会社, Daikin Kōgyō
Daikin Kabushiki-gaisha) is a Japanese company based in Ōsaka, that is listed in
the Nikkei 225 stock index among others.
differential Describes the difference between the input and output pressures measures
pressure under certain conditions
In hydraulics, the function of directional valves is to block or unblock the
directional valve
passage of hydraulic fluids, or to change the through flow direction.
displacement The volume of liquid in cm³ in a pump or motor displaced by the upward
volume stroke or other cycle during a rotation of the drive shaft.

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 Term Definition
The torque that affects the input shaft of a working machine or a torque
drive torque
converter. For the driving engine or torque converter, it is the output torque.
The Eaton Corporation is a US American industrial company based in
Cleveland, Ohio that operates on a global level. Eaton develops and
Eaton
distributes components and systems for mobile and industrial hydraulics,
electrical systems and energy distribution, vehicle and aircraft components.
fixed
displacement Fixed displacement motors displace the same volume with each rotation.
motor
fixed
displacement Fixed displacement pumps displace the same volume with each rotation.
pump
The oil volume enclosed in the gap between teeth is conveyed from the
gear pump intake to the discharge side of the pump by the turning of the gear, displaced
to the contact point of the wheel and forced into the pressure connection.
geometr.
The geometr. displacement volume is usually somewhat smaller than the
displacement
displacement volume given in cm³.
volume
Hägglunds Drives (now part of the Bosch-Rexroth Group) in Mellansel,
Hägglunds
Sweden, exports its hydraulic motors all over the world.
HAWE Hydraulik SE is a company that manufactures hydraulic
components and system in which all pressurised components are made of
Hawe
steel. The company was founded in 1949 in Munich by Karl Heilmeier and
Wilhelm Weinlein.
In 1999 Hawe took over InLine Hydraulik GmbH to produce axial piston
Hawe InLine
variable pumps.
HYDAC International GmbH is a manufacturer of hydraulic components
Hydac
and complete systems based in Sulzbach in the Saar.
hydraulic The use of liquids to transmit force and energy.
Hydraulic oil is pressed under pressure in a pressure tank filled with
hydraulic
nitrogen. The hydraulic oil compromises the nitrogen and later on is
accumulator
available in the system as stored energy.
Hydraulic
Converts the energy from the hydraulic fluid into a simple linear force.
cylinder
A prerequisite for smooth operation in a hydraulics system is the filtration
of the hydraulic liquid through hydraulic filters. Hydraulic filters remove
hydraulic filter impurities that are present on moving parts due to wear, in the hydraulic oil
due to ageing residues, and in the area surrounding the hydraulic system due
to dirt particles.
A maximum period of use of 6 years including a storage period of at most 2
hydraulic hose years is generally recommended by the trade association for hydraulic hoses
(BGR237).
Hydraulic motors or hydromotors convert the energy generated by hydraulic
hydraulic motor pumps back into mechanical work. Many pumps can be used as
hydromotors as well without changes to the construction.
hydraulic pump Hydraulic pumps convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy (or vice
versa). As a rule, the pump draws the pressurised fluid from a storage tank

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 Term Definition
and conveys it to the pump outlet. From here, it is conducted via valves to
cylinders or hydromotors (load consumers) and back to the storage tank.
hydraulic valve To control and regulate hydraulic processes.
The pressurised fluids used in hydraulic systems must fulfil different
hydraulics oils functions: pressure transmission, corrosion protection, lubrication, dust
removal etc.
With the acquisition of Hydromatik GmbH, Elchingen, a manufacturer of
Hydromatik axial piston pumps and motors, Hydromatik became a Bosch Rexroth brand
in 1972.
Industrial hydraulics or stationary hydraulics are permanently installed in
industrial
one place. These include presses, rolling machines, machine tools, and other
hydraulic
stationary machines.
Intermediate Intermediate plate pressure valves are mounted between the directional
plate pressure valve and the hydraulic unit. They differ from normal valves only in the
valve way they are mounted.
Kawasaki is a leading manufacturer of hydraulic systems and components.
With more than 90 years of experience in the hydraulics industry. Kawasaki
Kawasaki
manufacturers a wide variety of hydraulic products for mobile, industrial,
marine, mining, and various other applications.
Komatsu Ltd. (jap. 株式会社小松製作所, Kabushiki-gaisha Komatsu
Seisakusho), listed in the Nikkei 225 stock index, is a Japanese industrial
Komatsu group based in Tokyo that was founded on the 13th May 1921. Worldwide,
185 companies and 25 factories belong to the Komatsu Group. Komatsu is
the second largest manufacturer of construction machinery in the world.
The Leistritz group of companies, which is based in Nürnberghat, has
gained the status of technology leader in a variety of special applications in
Leistritz
the automobile industry, power plant technology, ship building, and the
aviation industry.
The Liebherr group of companies is a manufacturer of cranes, construction
vehicles, hydraulics, aviation equipment, transport technology, machine
Liebherr
tools and domestic appliances originally based in Kirchdorf an der Iller in
Baden-Württemberg. Even today it is still completely family-owned.
The production programme of Linde Hydraulik includes hydraulic pumps
Linde and motors, electronic controls, directional valves, rotary drives, peripheral
equipment, electric motors, as well as hydro and electric axles.
Lohmann & Stolterfoht GmbH, which was based in Witten, was an
industrial company and manufacturer of transmission and coupling
Lohmann &
technology. Since the 1st quarter of 2009, the name Lohmann & Stolterfoht
Stolterfoht
has been removed from the trade register. Since then, the plant has been
trading as part of the Bosch Rexroth AG (Bosch Group).
Bosch Rexroth AG came into being on the 1st May 2001 through the merger
of Mannesmann Rexroth AG with the automation technology division of
Mannesmann
Robert Bosch GmbH. Today it is a 100% daughter company of Robert
Rexroth
Bosch GmbH. The company, with its well-known individual brands, a
global technology leader.
mechanical Mechanical hydraulic efficiency is the term for how large the proportion of
hydraulic pressure applied is, and describes the loss in hydraulic input / output, which

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 Term Definition
efficiency are essentially caused by friction forces and flow losses.
F.X. Meiller GmbH & Co KG has been a Munich-based family company
and manufacturer of tipper bodies since 1850. The Meiller group’s
Meiller
production and supply programme includes Meiller hydraulics as well as
tippers.
Mobile hydraulics can move. For example, construction machines like
mobile hydraulic
excavators or wheel loaders.
Moog GmbH is a globally represented company in the high-performance
Moog
drive systems, high precision control systems, and hydraulics sectors.
Oilgear axial piston pumps were developed for long service life, low energy
oilgear axial
consumption, and compact design. These axial piston pumps are well-
piston pump
known as reliable drives for machine and plant construction.
The hydraulic oil is drawn out of a storage tank by the hydraulic pump and
open hydraulic
conducted to the load consumer e.g. via valves. From the load consumer, the
circuit
hydraulic oil flows back to the storage container.
VEB Kombinat ORSTA-Hydraulik Leipzig was founded in 1957 and closed
Orsta
down in 1994.
overall The overall efficiency of a hydraulic system is the product of the volumetric
efficiency and the hydraulic mechanical efficiencies.
Parker-Hannifin Corporation (originally Parker Appliance Company) is a
Parker machine construction company from the United States. The company is
listed in the S&P 500. The company’s headquarters are in Cleveland, Ohio.
In 1925, Paul Pleiger founded a machinery factory in Sprockhöfel. Since
Pleiger 1958, the Pleiger Group has been developing and manufacturing hydraulic
components such as radial piston motors and swivel drives.
In 1988, Case took over the French excavator manufacturer Poclain. In 1999
Fiat then took over Case and merged this company with the previously
Poclain
taken over provider New Holland to form “Case New Holland”, CNH
Global for short.
Racine Hydraulics, a company founded in 1958 in Detroit, USA, and also
Racine known as Racine Seco Sales Corporation, was taken over in 1997 by Bosch
Rexroth.
In 1795, Georg Ludwig Rexroth bought the “Höllenhammer”, a water-
driven forge in Elsavatal, and produced ironware for crafts and agriculture.
Rexroth
After moving to Lohr, this developed into a global hydraulics company,
which has been absorbed into the modern Bosch Rexroth.
Rollstar was the first provider to manufacture both of hydraulic motors and
Rollstar planetary gears in 1968. This is where the term hydro gear motor comes
from.
Staffa motors are used all over the world in industrial, mobile, and marine
hydraulics. The radial piston motors HMB and HMC are used, among other
Staffa things, in tunnelling, mixing chemical or nuclear material, plastic injection
moulding, and for nautical / hydraulic winches. Today, Staffe belongs to the
Kawasaki company.
A shut-off valve / stop valve is used to open and close pipelines in a
stop valve controlled manner. It regulates the inlet, through flow, or outlet of fluids
(e.g. hydraulic oil).

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 Term Definition
Ultra The company Ultra was taken over by Parker Hannifin and no longer exists.
variable motor With variable motors, the displacement volume can be adjusted.
With variable pumps, the displacement volume can be changed during
variable pump
operation.
Vickers Limited was an important British mechanical engineering and
defence group founded in 1828. In 2004, BAE Systems acquired the Alvis
Vickers
group and incorporated Alvis Vickers into its military division, BAE Land
Systems.
VOAC high-performance piston pumps and motors are part of the Parker
Voac product line. Marketed under Volvo and Voac, they are still manufactured in
Sweden in the former Volvo hydraulics factory.
Voith GmbH, which is based in Heidenheim an der Brenz, Baden-
Württemberg, is a German family company in the mechanical engineering
Voith
industry. Voith GmbH is divided into four group divisions: Voith Paper,
Voith Hydro, Voith Turbo, and Voith Industrial Services.
Volume flow rate is the volume of hydraulic liquid that moves through a
volume flow rate
cross section within a period of time.
Volumetric efficiency describes the ratio of the effective volume flow rate
volumetric
to the theoretical volume flow rate on the basis of the displacement
efficiency
kinematics and rotation speed.
Von Roll Holding AG is a Swiss industrial group operating on a global
von Roll level, which now specialises in products to generate, transmit, and distribute
energy.
Wepuko Pahnke GmbH, a pump and compressor factory in Metzingen, is
known for its three-piston pumps and axial piston pumps, especially in the
Wepuko
high pressure range up to 1500 bar. These are often used in presses, pressing
plants, and press drives in industrial sectors.