Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Please list full names and MacID’s of all present Team Members.
Full Name: MacID:
Emilia Pisic pisice
Pritika Thevakanthan thevakap
Kyle McMaster Mcmask2
Amine Hassine hassinem
Kevin Bird Birdk6
1 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
You should have already completed this task individually prior to Design Studio/Lab B for Week 8.
Client notes
Space between desk and easel is 4 ft, width of room is 7ft
Exercises?
Does yoga in home
Is trained in vinyasa
More anyangar style because she moves slowly
Weight bearing exercise daily
Spine flexibility
Paint brushes
Straight, sloped bristles
More maneuverability
2 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Gardening
Really wants to do gardening by herself
Wants to grow more medicine, flowers
Wants garden experience to be brought indoors
Can’t handle fine tactile motions and protecting hands from cactus
Can’t bend over to get weeds
Has flowers around her bed
Velcro cannot touch skin – other than that is all good (too rough)
Grocery shopping
3 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Squashes are very hard to cut – sometimes cooks potatoes before she cuts them so they are small
enough
Good config – wrist in line with arm (straight) , fingers rest in natural position
Painters maulstick – hasn’t heard of it, painters lean mall stick against the art to support their arm (cane)
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
4 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
5 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
You should have already completed this task individually prior to Design Studio/Lab B for week 8.
We are asking that you submit your work on both the team and individual worksheets. It does
seem redundant, but there are valid reasons for this:
1. Each team member needs to submit their research assignment with the Milestone Two
Individual Worksheets document so that it can be graded
2. Compiling your individual work into this Milestone Two Team Worksheets document
allows you to readily access your team member’s work
a. This will be especially helpful when completing the rest of the milestone
6 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Lymphedema is swelling that occurs when excess fluid cannot flow properly and
builds up in the soft tissues of a limb [1]. This excess fluid is also known as lymph and it is a
clear, yellowish fluid that travels in lymph vessels [2]. Lymphedema commonly develops in
parts of the body where lymph nodes have been removed or damaged by cancer treatment [2].
Lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic system [1]. The lymphatic system is part of the
immune system and maintains the body fluid levels [1]. The risk of lymphedema is directly
correlated with the number of lymph nodes [1]. Common areas lymphedema generally affects
include arms, legs, neck, groin, and pelvis [2]. Lymphedema is incurable but can be controlled
with the right treatment [2].
There are two types of lymphedema – primary and secondary. Primary lymphedema is
due to a genetic mutation in the lymph vessels and/or lymph nodes [2]. Secondary
lymphedema is caused by other conditions such as cancer, surgery/radiation from cancer,
trauma, infection, iatrogenic, chronic venous insufficiency, phlebolymphedema, obesity, and
filariasis [2]. In some rare cases, lymphedema can also occur without a clear reason.
Individuals with lymph nodes under the arm removed as part of breast cancer treatment are at
risk of developing lymphedema in the arms [4]. In addition, lymphedema can develop in the
legs after treatment for different types of cancer including lymphoma and melanoma as well as
uterine, prostate, vulvar, and ovarian cancer [4]. The symptoms of lymphedema include
swellings in an arm or leg (may include fingers and toes), feeling of puffiness or heaviness in
the arm, leg, or genital area, aching or burning feeling in the limb, difficulty moving a joint in
the arm or leg, hardening or thickening of the skin, and a tight or warm feeling in the skin of
legs, arms, or genital area [4]. The symptoms of lymphedema can vary depending on the
severity of the condition. For example, the swelling in the body might be so minor that
7 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
someone may barely notice, or extremely severe it is very difficult to move that body part that
is swelling.
Individuals treat and manage lymphedema depending on the cause of the condition.
The treatments of lymphedema can vary depending on the severity of the condition [3]. The
treatments aim to relieve pain, reduce swelling, prevent infections, prevent the condition from
worsening and improve and increase movement in the arm and leg [3]. Taking proper care of
the skin can prevent the skin from drying and cracking, infections, and stop the condition from
getting worse [4]. Individuals with the condition take care of their skin by bathing regularly,
avoiding extremely hot or cold items like heating pads or cold packs, wearing sunscreen,
moisturizing, and protecting the skin when partaking in activities that can damage the skin [3].
Too much pressure cannot be put on the arm or leg or else it may cause extreme pain [4].
Individuals also wear compression garments as they put a controlled amount of pressure on
different parts of the arm or leg to help move lymph and prevent the swelling to increase [5].
They also must be partaking in stretching exercises to help loosen the soft tissue in certain
areas [3]. Gentle exercises can help lymph circulate and reduces swelling [5].
8 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
List of sources:
[1] M. Ratini, “A Visual Guide to Lymphedema,” WebMD, August 12, 2020. [Online], Available:
https://www.webmd.com/breast-cancer/ss/lymphedema [Accessed Mar. 8, 2021]
[2] S. Sampson, “What is Lymphedema,” Medical News Today, April 9, 2019. [Online], Available:
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/180919 [Accessed Mar. 8, 2021]
9 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Spondylarthritis is a group of inflammatory arthritis diseases that can cause pain in the spine,
fingers, arms, and legs. The most common of these diseases is Ankylosing spondylitis.
Ankylosing spondylitis is when the sacroiliac joint in the base of the spine begin to fuse to the
pelvic bone. In severe cases, the disease can affect all the bones in the spine and even
periphery joints in the shoulders and legs [1]. This can make it painful for patients to perform
certain movements, such as bending at the hips.
The effects of Spondylarthritis vary with each patient. To get an accurate idea of physical
limitations, one needs to consult with the individual. The Spondylitis Association of America
strongly recommends exercise to prevent and alleviate swelling and discomfort. Exercises
include both range of motion stretches to prevent bone fusing and aerobics for general health.
Patients who followed a workout routine were found to have better breathing function,
endurance, mood, and less disease activity than those who did not exercise [2].
Pierre-Auguste Renoir is well known for their painting ability. It is less well known that throughout
his late career, Renoir suffered from Rheumatoid Arthritis in his hand. Though not the exact
same as Spondylarthritis, analysing Renoir’s coping techniques may give an insight into
strategies that may be effective in coping with Spondylarthritis. Renoir’s main strategy was to
remain in good spirits. It seems this can be a very effective strategy as a positive attitude is
shown to decrease impairment from hand conditions in some patients [3]. Renoir also followed
an exercise routine which included juggling balls to maintain the dexterity of his hands. When
Renoir’s condition worsened to the point where he could no longer stand, he implemented a
contraption to move the canvas around so he could bring the section he wanted to work on
within reach. When he could no longer hold a paint brush, he would wrap his hands in cloth and
insert the brush into his already clenched hand. As his condition worsened, he focused less on
fine details in his works and moved towards eliciting a positive emotion [3].
The Client’s condition is slightly different to condition Renoir had. For example, the Client prefers
to move while they are painting and says being sedentary for too long causes additional pain. This
means a solution like moving the canvas may not be as useful for the Client. Perhaps a support
system that can move along the canvas would be effective as it would help provide a place for the
Client to support their arm as they are painting. Also, changing how the client holds the brush may
help with pain in her hand, similar to how Renoir found a strategy for holding the paint brush that
worked for him. A larger handle seems to work better than a smaller one. Perhaps inserting the
10 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
brush into a tennis ball or similar shape would be easier to hold for long periods of time. The client
takes their mental health very seriously, which is very important for recovery.
List of sources:
11 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
[1] [1] W. Häuser, J. Ablin, M. Fitzcharles, … G. L.-N. reviews D., and undefined 2015, “Fibromyalgia,”
nature.com, 2015, doi: 10.1038/nrdp.2015.22.
[2] [2] “What Does Fibromyalgia Feel Like ?” https://www.verywellhealth.com/what-does-fibromyalgia-
feel-like-715813 (accessed Mar. 05, 2021).
] [3] “Fibromyalgia Treatments: Pain Medicine, Antidepressants, Therapies, and More.”
https://www.webmd.com/fibromyalgia/guide/fibromyalgia-treatments (accessed Mar. 06, 2021).
12 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
[4] [4] “Tips for Living With Fibromyalgia: Diet, Stress, Sleep, and More.”
https://www.webmd.com/fibromyalgia/guide/living-with-fibromyalgia-tips (accessed Mar. 06,
2021).
[5] [5] “The Best Advice for Managing Fibromyalgia from Fibro Patients.” https://creakyjoints.org/living-
with-arthritis/tips-for-managing-fibromyalgia/ (accessed Mar. 06, 2021).
13 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
14 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
should be adjustable and comfortable. The device should take the client’s specific needs in
the moment. A design should prioritize the health and safety of the client and ensure that
lymphedema symptoms can still be recognized and taken into consideration.
List of sources:
[1] “Lymphedema,” Mayo Clinic, 21-Dec-2017. [Online]. Available:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/lymphedema/symptoms-causes/syc-
20374682. [Accessed: 8-Mar-2021].
[2] “Breast Cancer: Lymphedema After Treatment,” Johns Hopkins Medicine. [Online].
Available: https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/breast-
cancer/breast-cancer-lymphedema-after-treatment. [Accessed: 8-Mar-2021].
[3] “Lymphangitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Diagnosis,” Healthline. [Online]. Available:
https://www.healthline.com/health/lymphangitis. [Accessed: 9-Mar-2021].
15 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
16 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
to help reduce these issues, but the physical and mental trauma cancer induces will last a
lifetime.
List of sources:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1006214830854
[1 W. Johnson and M. P. Cadogan, “Clinical Considerations for Care of Older Adult Cancer
] Survivors,” Journal of Gerontological Nursing, vol. 39, no. 9, pp. 8–12, 2013.
https://www-proquest-
com.libaccess.lib.mcmaster.ca/docview/1428151849?accountid=12347
[2 Fatigue and Cancer Treatment Surviving Cancer. .
] https://permanent.fdlp.gov/gpo21011/Fatigue_and_Cancer_Treatment_Surviving_Can
cer.mp4
[3 Shimozuma, K., Ganz, P.A., Petersen, L. et al. Quality of life in the first year after breast cancer
] surgery: rehabilitation needs and patterns of recovery. Breast Cancer Res Treat 56, 45–57
(1999). https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1006214830854
17 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
1. Write your initial problem statement below. This is what you have submitted for Milestone
1.2.
To design and create a solution to help give Alanna more consistent access to the things
she loves to aid recovery and support her mental health despite her physical limitations.
2. Outline the Who, Where, Why, and What elements of your problem statement. Then write
the refined problem statement below. Refer to the provided Refined Problem Statement
rubric provided.
● Who? – Alanna
● Where? – while she's working in her studio
● Why? – more consistent access to the things she loves to aid recovery despite
having physical challenges in her current environment, especially for prolonged periods.
● What? – Multifunctional, easy to use, safe, and comfortable
To design and create a multifunctional, easy to use, safe and comfortable solution to give Alanna
more consistent access to the things she loves despite having physical challenges in her current
environment, especially for prolonged periods while working in her studio.
18 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
1. Identify your team’s choice of design tool to perform Functional Analysis and the rationale
behind choosing it. For examples of design tools, see lecture on Monday March 8th.
19 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
in a way that
allows the
dexterity she
desires.
Decrease the Mobile canvas Exoskeleton Adjustable chair/ She can only
need for rest wrist rest/ work for short
support system sessions due to
her limitations,
so it takes a lot
of time to finish
one painting. By
decreasing the
need to rest she
can finish her
painting quicker
and be more
productive.
Make it easier to powered mobility Materials are Extremely If the client is
start painting assist system sorted and paint adjustable easel having a flare
(decrease is easy to (potentially up, the energy
energy required access robotics) required to start
to begin) (automatic painting may be
setup) too high. If we
can decrease
the energy
required to start
painting, she can
access it more
often and
consistently.
20 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
We are asking that you submit your work on both the team and individual worksheets. It does
seem redundant, but there are valid reasons for this:
• Each team member needs to submit pictures of their concept with the Milestone Two
Individual Worksheets document so that it can be graded
• Compiling your individual work into this Milestone Two Team Worksheets document
allows you to readily access your team member’s work
o This will be especially helpful when completing the next milestone
21 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Concept 2
Name: Kevin Bird MacID: birdk6
22 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
23 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Concept 2
Name: Kyle McMaster MacID: mcmask2
Insert screenshot(s) of your concept below.
24 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Concept 3
Name: Kyle McMaster MacID: mcmask2
Insert screenshot(s) of your concept below.
25 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Concept 1
Name: Amine Hassine MacID: hassienm
Insert screenshot(s) of your concept below.
26 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Concept 2
Name: Amine Hassine MacID: hassinem
Insert screenshot(s) of your concept below.
27 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Concept 1
Name: Emilia Pisic MacID: pisice
28 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Concept 2
Name: Emilia Pisic MacID: pisice
29 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Note: While gyro sensors may not appear readily available, I was able to find one that was used
for Lego robotics that can easily be adjusted and used. In the prototyping stage this could be a
good alternative, however if this idea were to be manufactured, thinner and more practical
sensor should be used. The straps can work similar to a measuring tape.
Concept 3
Name: Emilia Pisic MacID: pisice
30 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Concept 1
Name: Pritika Thevakanthan MacID: thevakap
31 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Concept 2
Name: Pritika Thevakanthan MacID: thevakap
32 Project-4
ENGINEER 1P13 – Project Four: Power in Community
Concept 3
Name: Pritika Thevakanthan MacID: thevakap
33 Project-4