Outline

Firewater Demand Calculation

• Calculation firewater demand for floating roof storage tank

• Calculation firewater demand for pressurized storage tank
• Calculation firewater demand for process area fire
• Calculation firewater demand for offshore platform
• Hydraulic simulation
• Conclusion (knowing the total need of firewater demand in
area)

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 Example of General Layout Firewater Network
Firewater How to determine
Pumps total firewater demand,
capacity +- 3.000
m3/hr foam needed, and fire
pump capacity for
this plot plan area?

To estimate the biggest

firewater demand is by
calculate location that
have high inventory and
located at high density
equipment

LPG storage
tank with Floating roof
diameter +- storage tank
25m with diameter
+- 88m Let’s calculate
Process area with
firewater demand for
Fixed roof storage tank 2
stacked equipment with diameter +- 50m this area!
 Case Study #1 – Floating Roof Storage Tank on Fire

How to calculate firewater 1. Application rate for rim seal fire is

demand in this bundwall area? 12.2 l/min/m2 with minimum
discharge time 20 minutes <NFPA 11
T104 5.3.5.3.1 & IP 19 table 19.2>

2. For full surface fire, firewater

demand required for firefighting
D is 10.5 LPM (API 2001 para 6.3), and
foam concentration 1 - 3% protein
T101 T102 T103 based, within 65 minutes (API RP
2001 para 6.3 and IP 19 table D2)

3. The fire water demand for

atmospheric storage is based one
tank on fire <API RP 2021 para 6.2>.
additional fire water is required to
cool adjacent tanks within one
Location of fire case scenario is selected based on the burning tank diameter with rate
potential high fire water demand, located at T102. not less than 4.1 LPM <API RP 2030
para 7.3.14>
No Tank and Service Type Dia (m) Height (H)
1 T-102 ALC (tank on fire) Floating roof 83.99 22.69
2 T-101 ALC (adjacent tank) Floating roof 84.03 22.71 Calculate firewater demand for the following
3 T-103 ALC (adjacent tank) Floating roof 84.07 22.70 fire case scenario:
1. Rim seal fire
3
2. Full surface fire (defensive and offensive)
 Case Study #1 – Calculation Result

1. Calculation firewater demand for rim seal fire

D1 = 83.99 m
D2, (D1-0.5m) = 83.49 m
Rim Seal Area, = 65.74 m2
(0.25*ꙥ*(D1^2-D2^2)
Foam application = 12.20 LPM/m2 Rim Seal
rate (water +foam), Fire
Include wastage
Total application = 802.01 LPM
= 48.12 m3/hr D1
= 211.87 GPM
Foam concentrate = 3 (w/w)% D2
Foam application time = 20 min

Total foam needed = 802.01 X 0.03 X 20 Rim seal

= 481.20 liter fire
= 0.48 m3
Water flowrate = 802.01 X 0.97
= 777.95 LPM
Total water needed = 802.01 X 0.97 X 20
= 15558.93 liter
= 15.56 m3

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 Case Study #1 – Calculation Result

2. Calculation firewater demand for cooling adjacent tank (defensive)

T-102 ALC (tank on fire) Flowrate
Tank surface area (wall), = 5984.48 m2 No. Firewater for Cooling
(LPM)
(ꙥD1H)
Application rate for cooling = 4.10 LPM/m2 1 T-102 ALC (tank on fire) 24,536.37
2 T-101 ALC (adjacent 10,282.23
Fire water demand = 24536.37 LPM 3 T-103 ALC (adjacent 10,282.23
= 1472.18 m3/hr Total (LPM) 45,100.83
= 6481.77 GPM
Total (m3/hr) 2,706.05
T-101 ALC (adjacent tank) Total (GPM) 11,914.29
Tank Diameter = 84.03 m
Tank Height = 22.71 m
Tank surface area (wall), = 0.5 X (3.14 X 84.03 ) X ( 22.71 -3.7 )
0.5ꙥD(H-3.7)
= 2507.86 m2
Application rate for cooling = 4.10 LPM/m2

Fire water demand = 10282.23 LPM

= 616.93 m3/hr
= 2716.26 GPM

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 Case Study #1 – Calculation Result

3. Calculation firewater demand for offensive firefighting

Tank surface area (top), = 5538.04 m2
(0.25ꙥD1^2)
Foam application rate = 10.50 LPM/m2
(water +foam), Include
wastage factor
Total application rate = 58149.39 LPM
= 3488.96 m3/hr
= 15361.32 GPM
Foam concentrate rate = 3 (w/w)%
Foam application time = 65 min

Total foam needed = 58149.39 X 0.03 X 65

= 113,391.31 liter
= 113.39 m3
Water flowrate = 58149.39 X 0.97
= 56404.91 LPM Full Surface
Total water needed = 58149.39 X 0.97 X 65 Fire
= 3666318.86 liter
= 3666.32 m3

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 Case Study #2 – Fixed Roof Storage Tank on Fire

No. Tank Service Type Dia (m) Height (m)

IFO / MFO
1 34.13 21.91
35T1 (Component) CONE ROOF
2 35T2 LONG RESIDUE CONE ROOF 54.89 20.10
D 3 35T3 IFO / MFO CONE ROOF 43.87 20.10
4 35T4 IFO / MFO CONE ROOF 34.12 18.26
5 37T103 LSWR S/R CONE ROOF 44.90 20.96
6 37T104 LSWR S/R CONE ROOF 57.02 20.12
7 34T1 IFO / MFO CONE ROOF 54.87 18.28
SOLAR/HSD/M
8 34.02 18.71
34T101 GO/ADO DOME ROOF
D 9 34T2 IFO / MFO CONE ROOF 54.90 18.29
10 37T101 IFO / MFO CONE ROOF 57.15 20.11
11 37T102 IFO / MFO CONE ROOF 57.16 20.12

How to calculate firewater demand for

pressurized storage tank?

 In case of full surface fire,

adjacent tanks within one
Location of fire case scenario is burning tank diameter shall be
selected based on the potential cooled at 4.1 liter/min/m² <API RP
high fire water demand, located
2030 para 7.3.14>
at 37T101.
 The fire water demand is the sum of
cooling (defensive) and foam system
(offensive).
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Case Study #2 – Calculation Result

37-T-101 IFO/MFO (tank on fire) Cone Roof

Tank surface area (wall), (ꙥDH)
Application rate for cooling
Fire water demand
37-T-102 IFO/MFO (Adjacent tank) Cone roof
Tank Diameter
Tank Height
Tank surface area (wall),
0.5ꙥD(H-3.7)
Tank surface area (top),
0.25ꙥD^2
Total area to be cooled (wall
+ top)
Application rate for cooling
Fire water demand
1. Calculation firewater
= 3609.34 m2
= 4.10 LPM/m2 demand for cooling adjacent
tank (fixed roof tank)
= 14798.30 LPM
= 887.90 m3/hr
= 3909.27 GPM
= 57.16 m
= 20.12 m
= 0.5 X (3.14 X 57.16 ) X ( 20.12 -3.7 )
= 1473.05 m2
= 0.25 X 3.14 X 57.16 ^2 Flowrate
No. Firewater for cooling
(LPM)
= 2564.62 m2 1 37-T-101 IFO/MFO (tank on fire) 14,798.30
= 4037.67 m2 2 37-T-102 IFO/MFO (Adjacent 16,554.46
7,012.83
34-T-101 SOLAR/HSD/MGO/ADO
= 4.10 LPM/m2 3 (Adjacent tank)
Total (LPM) 38,365.59
= 16554.46 LPM
= 993.27 m3/hr Total (m3/hr) 2,301.94
= 4373.19 GPM Total (GPM) 10,135.04
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 Case Study #2 – Calculation Result

2. Calculation firewater demand for offensive firefighting of fixed roof tank

Foam demand for fire fighting of 37-T-101 IFO/MFO (tank on fire) Cone Roof
Tank surface area (top), (0.25ꙥD^2) = 2563.46 m2
Foam application rate (water +foam), = 10.50 LPM/m2
Include wastage factor
Total application rate (water +foam) = 26916.30 LPM
= 1614.98 m3/hr
= 7110.48 GPM
Foam concentrate rate = 3 (w/w)%
Foam application time = 65 min

Total foam needed = 26916.30 X 0.03 X 65

= 52,486.79 liter
= 52.49 m3
Water flowrate = 26916.30 X 0.97
= 26108.82 LPM
Total water needed = 26916.30 X 0.97 X 65
= 1697072.99 liter
= 1697.07 m3

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 Case Study #3 – Pressurized Storage Tank on Fire

How to calculate firewater demand

for pressurized storage tank?

 The firewater demand for

D pressurized storage tank is
estimated that there is one pool
fire (flame impingement)
beneath the pressurized storage
tank. <API RP 2510A para 5.2.1>
 Firewater demand rate is 10.2
LPM <API RP 2030 para 7.3.6> Plus
Tank and Service Type Dia (m) three additional 250 gpm
47-T-104 LPG Mix (tank on fire) Spherical 25.02 cooling streams <API RP 2510 para
10.3.1.3>.
47-T-103 LPG Mix (adjacent tank) Spherical 25.00

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Case Study #3 – Calculation Result

1.1 47-T-104 LPG Mix (tank on fire) Flowrate

Tank surface area No. Firewater for Cooling
= 1965.17 (LPM)
(wall), (ꙥD^2) m2 47-T-104 LPG Mix (tank on
Application rate for = 10.20 LPM/m2 1 20,044.73
fire)
cooling
Fire water demand = 20044.73 LPM
47-T-103 LPG Mix (adjacent
= 1202.68 m3/hr 2 20,012.70
= 5295.22 GPM
tank)
Additional 3 x 250 GPM for
1.2. 47-T-103 LPG Mix (adjacent tank) 3 2,839.08
cooling related area
Tank Radius, (D ) = 25.00 m
Tank surface area Total (LPM) 42,896.51
= 3.14 X 24.997 ^2
(wall), (ꙥD^2) Total (m3/hr) 2,573.79
= 1962.03 m2 Total (GPM) 11,331.97
Application rate for = 10.20 LPM/m2
cooling
Fire water demand = 20012.70 LPM
= 1200.76 m3/hr
= 5286.75 GPM

Additional 3 x 250 GPM

750
for cooling related area = GPM
= 2,839 LPM

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 Case Study #4 – Process Area on Fire

15 m

• Radius equipment to be cooled is 15 m (API 2218 table 01)

• Application rate for exposure protection of vessel 10.2

lpm/m2(API RP 2030 para 7.3.6)
• Application rate for pumps and compressors is 20.4
lpm/m2(API RP 2030 para 7.3.2)
• 2 supplemental hose @250 gpm for cooling

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 Case Study #4 – Calculation Result
Calculation firewater demand for process area
area Flow
Dia Height App rate Flow
No Equipment within 15 m radius 2
water Spray
(m) (m) (m ) (lpm/m2) (LPM)
(lpm)
1 11C1 Crude Splitter (Replace Top Section 5.80 12.00 218.54 10.2 2,229.15
2 11C3 HEAVY GASOIL DRIER 1.20 5.74 23.89 10.20 243.67
3 11C4 LIGHT GASOIL STRIPPER (NEW TRAYS) 1.40 5.02 25.15 10.20 256.48
4 11C5 LIGHT GASOIL DRIER 1.40 5.50 27.23 10.20 277.78
5 11C2 HEAVY GASOIL STRIPPER (NEW) 1.60 6.90 38.68 10.20 394.58
6 11V9 CAUSTIC MAKE-UP PIT 1.00 3.00 10.99 10.20 112.10
7 11E16A EJECTOR SET CONDENSERS 1.00 2.00 7.85 10.20 80.07
8 11E16B EJECTOR SET CONDENSERS 1.00 2.00 7.85 10.20 80.07
9 11E16C EJECTOR SET PRECONDENSER 1.00 2.00 7.85 10.20 80.07
10 11E50 CRUDE SPLITTER OVERHEAD CONDENSER 1.00 2.00 7.85 10.20 80.07
11 11P4A LONG RESIDUE PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
12 11P4B LONG RESIDUE PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
13 11P3 UPPER CIRC. REFLUX PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
14 11P9A STABILIZER REFLUX PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
15 11P9B STABILIZER REFLUX PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
16 11P2A LOWER CIRC. REFLUX PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
17 11P2B LOWER CIRC. REFLUX PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
18 11P2C LOWER CIRC. REFLUX PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
19 12P1A NAPHTHA FEED PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
20 12P1B NAPHTHA FEED PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
21 12P1 NAPHTHA FEED PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
22 11P56 2.00 20.40 40.80
23 11P13A OIL SLOPS PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
24 11P13B OIL SLOPS PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
25 11P12 SOUR WATER PUMP 2.00 20.40 40.80
26 11P5HEAVY GASOIL PUMP (REPLACE) 2.00 20.40 40.80
27 11P6A LIGHT GASOIL PUMP (REPLACE IMPELLER) 2.00 20.40 40.80
28 11P18A 2.00 20.40 40.80
29 11P18B 2.00 20.40 40.80
Total Flowrate (LPM) 3,834.04 775.20 13
 Case Study #4 – Calculation Result
Calculation firewater demand for process area
Flowrate water spray
system = 775.20 LPM = 46.51 m3/hr = 204.78 GPM
Flowrate using hydrant or
monitor = 3,834.04 LPM = 230.04 m3/hr = 1,012.84 GPM
Fire Water Demand:

Water Spray System = 204.78 GPM

Monitor = NA
Hydrant = 1250.00 GPM will supplied by 5 outlet of hydrant @250gpm
Supplemental hose = 500.00 GPM additional by 2 supplemental hose @250gpm

Total Fire Water Demand = 1,954.78 GPM

= 7,399.72 LPM
= 443.98 m3/hr

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Case #5 - Offshore Production Platform Firewater Demand

South Elevation

The required capacity of firewater demand will be the single largest fire area. In determining the
single largest fire area, the limitations of the area may be based on fire divisions (DNV-OS-D301, para 4.1.1)

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 Case #5 - Offshore Production Platform Firewater Demand

Location of fire case scenario is selected based on the

potential high fire water demand, located at T102.

Cellar Deck Compression Platform

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Case #5 – Calculation Result

Calculation firewater demand for offshore production

Deluge valve ADV-001 at cellar deck is to service cellar deck. The deluge requirement is
as per detail below

Equipment located at Cellar Deck area App Deluge Deluge

Dia Height
No 2 rate Rate Rate
Compression Platform (in) (in) (m ) (LPM) (GPM)
(LPM/m2)
1 E57 01A Amine Regenerator Reboiler 90.00 476.00 277.26 10.2 2828.08 747.09
2 V25 01 AMINE CONTACTOR 174.00 59.00 66.44 10.2 677.71 179.03
3 V30 01 AMINE REGENERATOR 204.00 71.00 93.74 10.2 956.16 252.59
4 R57 PIG RECEIVER 16.00 12.00 1.24 10.2 12.67 3.35
5 V68 SLUG CATCHER 90 170 99.02 20.4 2020.05 533.64
6 V 59 SLOP TANK 48 14 4.35 20.4 88.72 23.44
7 SWITCH GEAR BUIDING 45 31 9.03 20.4 184.18 48.66
8 DIESEL FILTER COALESCER 2.00 20.4 40.80 10.78
9 DIESEL TRANSFER PUMP 2.00 20.4 40.80 10.78
10 P29 01 ABC LEAN AMINE PUMP 2.00 20.4 40.80 10.78
11 P29 02 ABC RICH AMINE PUMP
Total Flowrate 4062 1073

Monitor = NA
Deluge System = 1073.03 GPM
Supplemental
hose = 500.00 GPM additional by 2 supplemental hose @250gpm

Total Fire
Water Demand = 1,573.03 GPM
= 5,954.62 LPM
= 357.28 m3/hr
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 Evaluation
Summary Firewater demand for refinary unit
FireWater Demand (m3/hr)
Foam needed
Cooling Fighting (foam (m3)
(defensive) system)
Floating Roof Storage Tank 2,706.05 3,384.29 113.39
Fixed Roof Storage Tank 2,301.94 1,566.53 52.49
Pressurized Storage Tank 2,744.14 0 0
Process Area 443.98

Evaluation firewater pump capacity

• Firewater Pump Design philosophy (CCPS fire protection):
o One pump capacity shall be less than 50% fire water maximum demand
o 50% fire water maximum demand comes from diesel pump(s)
o Installed spare pump for the highest capacity pump (n+1 concept)
o Fixed fire water system (fire water mains and main fire pumps) are for defensive firefighting only
(cooling and rim seal fire)

• Site condition
Fire Pump Maximum Demand Total Capacity Diesel Electric Status
No
Area GPM m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr m3/hr (Min 50% Diesel) (n+1) phylosophy
1 Refinery 11,914 2,706 3,080 1,880 1,200 Comply Not comply
2 RFCCU 10,488 2,382 2,180 1,460 720 Comply Not comply
3 New Plant 38 8,313 1,888 2,272 568 1,704 Not comply Not comply 18
Line Sizing for firewater network

• The maximum velocity of firewater should not exceed 4.6 m/s (15 fps) <NFPA 20,
table 4.26a>. The following table is simple guidance for selection of firewater line
sizing.

Diameter Flowrate
(in) LPM GPM m3/hr
6 5,001.52 1,321.25 300.09
8 8,891.60 2,348.89 533.50
10 13,893.12 3,670.15 833.59
12 20,006.10 5,285.01 1,200.37
14 27,230.52 7,193.49 1,633.83
16 35,566.39 9,395.57 2,133.98
18 45,013.71 11,891.27 2,700.82
20 55,572.49 14,680.58 3,334.35
22 67,242.71 17,763.51 4,034.56
24 80,024.38 21,140.04 4,801.46
26 93,917.50 24,810.19 5,635.05
28 108,922.07 28,773.94 6,535.32
30 125,038.10 33,031.31 7,502.29

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Hydraulic Simulation Result for Floating Roof T101/102/103

Cooling: 2,706 m3/hr

Fifgting : 3,384 m3/hr
Res. Press : 106 psig,
Max velocity: 16.8 fps

T101/2/3

More than
15 fps

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THANK YOU