CO

WWW.CBSEPORTAL.COM

Chemistry formulas for grade 11, grade 12 and under graduates.

.
AL
Ideal Gas law Combined Gas law
PV = nRT P1V1 P2V2
=
n = number of moles T1 T2

RT
R = universal gas constant = 8.3145 J/mol K

M
Boyle's law Charles law
P1V1 = P2V2 V1 V2
O =

CO
T1 T2
EP
Gay-Lussac law Diffusion: Rate at which two gases mix
P1 P2 Graham's law of diffusion
=
T1 T2 The rate of diffusion of a gas is inversely proportional

.
AL
to the square root of their density or the molar mass
BS

of the gas.
.C

RT
W

O
W

EP

Effusion: Rate at which a gas escapes thru pin hole Solution: Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two
Graham's law of effusion or more substances.
W

M
The rate of effusion of a gas is inversely Solute is a substance that is dissolved in the solution.
BS

proportional to the square root of either the Solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute.

O
density or the molar mass of the gas. Solvent is present in greater amount.
.C
.C

AL
W

Concentration is the ratio of solute and solvent. Unit of Molarity (M) : mol/L : moles per litre
Concentration can be measured using molarity, Unit of Molality (M) : mol/kg : moles per kg
W

molality and mole fraction.

RT

moles of solute
Molarity (M) =
W

liters of solution
moles of solute
O

Molality (m) =
kg of solution
EP

Mole fraction: Mole fraction of a component in Dilution: Siluting a solution means adding more
solution is the number of moles of that component solvent in solution without the addition of more
divided by the total number of moles of all solute.
BS

components in the solution.

molesa MiVi = MfVf
Mole-fraction (Xa)=
molesa + molesb ....
Mi: Molarity of solution before diluting.
.C

Vi: Volume of solution before diluting.

Mf: Molarity of solution after diluting.
W

WWW.CBSEPORTAL.COM
 C
WWW.CBSEPORTAL.COM

.
AL
Vf: Volume of solution after diluting.

RT

M
Mole: Mole is the amount of substance that One mole of gas has volume of 22.4 liter at STP.
contains same number of particles as there are

CO
O
atoms in Carbon-12. One mole of substance is
Avogadro's number (i.e. 6.023 x 1023).
EP

.
Relation between moles and grams Ionization Enthalpy: It is the energy needed to

AL
1 mole = molecular weight of substance in grams. remove an electron from an atom or molecule (i.e
BS

from low state to n=∞). It is always endothermic (i.e.

positive).

RT OR
.C

M
Ionization energy: energy needed to remove an
electron from an atom
W

O
EP

Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
W

.C
-
pH = pKa + log10 [A ]
[HA]

AL
BS
.C

RT
where
[A-]: Concentration of conjugate base
[HA]: concentration of the acid
W

OR
W

[Conjugate Base]
pH = pKa + log10
EP

[Acid]
W

BS
.C
W
W
W

WWW.CBSEPORTAL.COM