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Roles of Diffusion
Oxidation Creep
Metals Many mechanisms
Sintering Aging
Precipitates
Doping Carburizing
Semiconductors Steels
H2 diffusion direction
Ar H2
Movable piston
Piston motion
with an orifice
Piston moves in the
direction of the slower
moving species
Ar diffusion direction
CONCENTRATION:
• Concentration in a mixture of components can be
expressed in many ways.
Concentration gradient. Concentration can be designated in many ways (e.g. moles per unit
volume). Concentration gradient is the difference in concentration between two points
(usually close by).
Steady state. The properties at a single point in the system does not change with time. These
properties in the case of fluid flow are pressure, temperature, velocity and mass flow rate.
In the context of diffusion, steady state usually implies that, concentration of a given
species at a given point in space, does not change with time.
Important terms
MASS CONCENTRATION:
• Mass of a component per unit volume of the mixture.
• For component A in a mixture,
MOLAR FLUX:
• Moles of specie i that passes through a unit area per unit
time.
FICK’S LAW:
• The basic law of diffusion given by Adolf Eugen Fick in 1885.
• The law states that molar flux of a species relative to an
observer
moving with the molar average velocity is propotional to the
concentration gradient of the species.
• If A diffuses in a binary mixture of A and B then,
--------------(1)
FICK’S EQUATION (RELATIVE TO STATIONARY
COORDINATES):
• Fick’s Law equation: