CSOCE - TEST I Fundamentals of Criminology

TEST I
FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIMINOLOGY
DIRECTIONS: Select the correct answer for each of the following questions. Mark only the
answer for each item by shading the box corresponding to the letter of your choice on the answer
sheet provided. STRICTLY NO ERASURES ALLOWED.
1. The scientific study of crimes and criminals.

a. Criminality c. Criminology
b. Sociology d. Penology
2. A body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. It includes within its

scope, the making of laws, breaking of laws and the reaction towards the breaking of
laws.
3. One classification of Criminals according to Lombroso who commit crime due to

abnormalities or psychological disorders e.g. idiots and imbeciles.
a. Insane Criminals c. Pseudo-criminals
b. Criminaloids d. Atavism
4. Bertillon system of identification is known as ___________________.

a. Anthropology c. Sociology
b. Anthropometry d. Biometry
5. According to him, criminology at present is a science but not an absolute science.

a. Cirillo Tradio c. Cesare Beccaria
b. George Wilker d. Edwin Sutherland

7. Another classification of criminals by Lombroso who commit crime due to less physical
stamina/self-control.
8. Means the “throwback of apes”
9. Circumstances which when present in the commission of the crime will either increase or
reduce the penalty imposed to the perpetrator.
a. Alternative Circumstances c. Mitigating Circumstances
b. Exempting Circumstances d. Aggravating Circumstances
10. “An Essay of Crime and Punishments” is a book centered on advocacy and application of
the doctrine of penology. It discusses the making of punishment less arbitrary and severe
and thus all persons who violated a specific law must be sentenced to an identical
punishment regardless of age, sanity, wealth, position or circumstance. Which of the
following authored the book?
a. Cesare Beccaria c. W.A. Bonger
b. George Wilker d. Rafaele Garofalo
11. Type of criminals according to Garofalo who are satisfied from vengeance or revenge.
a. Murderers c. Deficient Criminals
b. Violent Criminals d. Lascivious Criminals
12. Another type of criminals according to Garofalo who commit crimes against property.
13. Normlessness produced by rapidly shifting moral values, occurs when personal goals
cannot be achieved using available means.
a. Anomie c. Hedonism
b. Freewil d. None of the Above
14. Anomie Theory was advocated by __________________.

a. Cesare Beccaria c. Emile Durkheim
b. Cesare Lombroso d. Jeremy Bentham
15. Who introduced Psychoanalytical Theory?

a. Emile Durkheim c. Robert Ezra Park
b. Sigmund Freud d. William Sheldon
16. The original system of the personality that is present at birth. It consists of blind,
unreasoning, instinctual desires and motives. It represents the individual’s basic
biological and psychological drives. These include the libido, a term Freud used to
describe the full range of sexual energy found in animals. It is fueled by “pleasure
principle”.
a. Id c. Ego
b. Super Id d. Superego
17. One classification of criminal who kills another as a result of self-defense.

18. The problem solving dimension of the personality. It separates fantasy from reality.
a. Id c. Ego
19. The part of personality that develops from the ego and represents the moral code of the
person has acquired. It is responsible for feelings of guilt and shame and is what is called
the “conscience”.
a. Id c. Differential Association Theory
20. This theory maintains that crime is a function of social change that comes along with the
environmental change. It also maintains that isolation, segregation, competition, conflict,
social contract, interaction and social hierarchy of people are the major influences of
criminal behavior and crimes.
a. Somatotyping Theory c. Differential Association Theory
b. Human Ecology Theory d. Strain Theory
21. This theory was introduced by Edwin Sutherland.

b. Human Ecology Theory d. Strain Theory
22. One classification of criminals who commit crimes against chastity.

23. The proponent of the Human Ecology Theory

24. Who introduced the Somatotyping Theory?

25. The study of interrelationship of the people and their environment.
a. Human Ecology c. Ectomorph
b. Psychology d. Morphy
26. An athletic type of physique in which muscles, bones and connective tissues are built up
predominantly. A person who has this kind of physique is usually aggressive most likely
to commit crimes.
a. Endomorph c. Ectomorph
b. Mesomorph d. Morphy
27. A type of physique that is described with flat chest, slender and poorly muscled. A person
who has this kind of physique is more likely withdrawn and susceptible to fatigue.
28. A type of physique with relatively predominance of soft roundness throughout the
regions of the body. A person with this kid of physique has low specific gravity.
29. Circumstances which when present in the commission of the crime will either increase or
reduce the penalty imposed to the perpetrator.
30. An uncontrollable morbid propensity to steal, pathological stealing.

a. Pathology c. Pyromaniac
b. Melancholia d. Kleptomaniac
31. One who advocated the Utilitarian Hedonism Theory.

a. Cesare Beccaria c. Cesare Lombroso
b. Jeremy Bentham d. Rafaele Garofalo
32. The theory introduced by Robert Merton.

a. Lifestyle Theory c. Labeling Theory
b. Strain Theory d. Routine Activities Theory
33. A philosophy by Beccaria advocating an imposition of severe punishment for people to

avoid criminal acts. It warrants certain punishments without any variation.
a. Freewill c. Hedonism
b. Neo-classical d. Positivist
34. The theory which explains that a person always acts in such a way as to seek pleasure to
avoid pain.
a. Demonological Theory c. Utilitarian Hedonism Theory
b. Classical Theory d. Neo-classical Theory
35. It is pioneer institution offering the criminology program in the Philippines.

a. Philippine College of Commerce c. University of Baguio
b. University of Manila d. Philippine College of Criminology
36. This theory states that man is essentially moral creature with absolute freewill to choose
between good and evil. Therefore, stress is placed upon the criminal himself; that every
man is responsible for his act.
37. The theory postulated by Frank Tannenbaum in 1938.

38. The father of modern criminology. The world famous authority in the field of
Criminology who advocated the Positivist Theory.
a. Charles Goring c. Cesare Lombroso
b. Enrico Ferri d. Rafaele Garofalo
39. The theory advocated Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson.

40. This theory asserts that criminal behavior is learned primarily within interpersonal groups
and people become delinquent if definitions they have learned favorable to violating the
law exceeds definitions favorable to obeying the law within the group and that criminal
behavior s learned and not inherited. This theory was introduced by Edwin Sutherland.
b. Labeling Theory d. Strain Theory
41. This theory contends that certain classes are denied legitimate access to culturally
determined goals and opportunities and the resulting frustration results in illegitimate
activities or rejection of the society’s goal.
42. A victimization theory which posits that some people are victims of crime because they
have certain behavior patterns and lifestyles that increase the likelihood that they will
become victims of crime.
a. Lifestyle Theory c. Self-control Theory

44. This theory explains that the labels applied to individuals influence their behaviour,
particularly the application of negative or stigmatizing labels that promote deviant
behaviour thus becoming a self-fulfilling prophecy.
a. Labeling Theory c. Self-Control Theory
b. Conflict Theory d. Routine Activities Theory
45. Insanity is under ______________________.

a. Justifying Circumstances c. Mitigating Circumstances
46. Self-defense is under ____________________.

47. According to this theory, punishment is imposed to some law breakers but not to others
by recognition of exempting and justifying circumstances.
a. Demonological Theory c. Positivist/Italian Theory
48. This theory argues that it is the absence of self-control rather than the presence of some
force or factor such as poverty, anomie, opportunities for deviance, delinquent peers,
exposure to definitions favourable to deviance, etc. that leads to deviance.
49. This theory rejects the notions that deviance is learned, that deviance may be
economically motivated, or that deviance can result from effort to achieve social status.
In short, it suggests that deviance simply results from the individual’s inability to
effectively control his/her impulses.
50. One who advocated the Classical Theory.
a. Cesare Beccaria c. Cesare Lombroso
b. Jeremy Bentham d. Rafaele Garofalo
51. There are crimes committed with intent; the offender is in full possession of his mental
faculties/capabilities.
a. Rational Crimes c. Irrational Crimes
b. White Collar Crimes d. Blue Collar Crimes
52. Circumstances which when present in the commission of the crime will exempt the
perpetrator from criminal and civil liability.
53. This theory views that crime is a normal function of the routine activities of modern
living; offenses can be expected if there is a motivated offender and suitable target that is
not protected by capable guardians.
54. This theory posits that delinquency is learned through close relationships with others; it
asserts that children are born “good” and learn to be “bad” from others.
a. Learning Theory c. Control Theory
b. Labeling Theory d. Routine Activities Theory
55. A branch of the study of criminology which deals with the study of an individual who
somehow, one way or the other, has contributed to the commission of a crime and at the
same time a crime victim of his own volition.
a. Criminology c. Penology
b. Victimology d. Sociology
56. Article ___________ of the Revised Penal Code states that every person criminally liable
for a felony is also civilly liable.
a. 100 c. 113
b. 110 d. 120
57. Compensation awarded to a person’s physical suffering, mental anguish, fright, serious
anxiety, tarnished reputation, wounded feelings, moral shock, social humiliation and
similar injury.
a. Moral Damages c. Nominal Damages
b. Actual or Compensatory Damages d. Temperate or Moderate Damages
58. The amount awarded to a person in order that his right, which had been violated or
invaded, may be medicated or recognized.
59. Compensation which is more than nominal but less than compensatory damages, awarded
to a person when the court finds that he has suffered some pecuniary loss, but its amount
cannot, from the nature of the case, be proved with certainty.
60. Compensation awarded to a person for such financial loss suffered by him as he has duly
proved.
61. This are those imposed by way of example or correction for the public good, in addition
to the moral, temperate, liquidated or compensatory damages.
b. Liquidated Damages d. Exemplary or Corrective Damages
62. This is agreed upon by the parties to a contract, to be pain in case of breach thereof,
b. Liquidated Damages d. Exemplary or Corrective Damages
63. The scientific investigation on the causes of crime.

a. Sociology of Law c. Penology
b. Criminal Etiology d. Criminology
64. A clash between societies because of contrary beliefs or substantial variance in their
respective customs, language, institutions, habits, learning, tradition, etc.
a. Tribal War c. Cultural Conflict
b. Tribal Conflict d. Belief Conflict
65. The scientific analysis of the conditions under which penal/criminal laws is developed as
a process of a formal social control.
66. A survey in 1901 indicated that _________ and ___________ were among the first
courses in the United States Colleges and Universities.
a. Criminology and Penology c. Sociology and Penology
b. Criminology and Sociology d. Sociology and Psychology
67. Concerned with the control and prevention of crime and the treatment of youthful
offenders.
68. Called “cradle of human personality”, for in it, the child forms fundamental attitudes and
habits that endure throughout his life.
a. Home c. Church
b. School d. Community
69. Circumstances which when present in the commission of the crime will increase the
penalty imposed to the perpetrator.
70. Cesare Lombroso, together with his students _______ and _________ advocated the
Positive/Italian School of Criminology.
a. Cesare Beccaria; Jeremy Bentham c. W.A. Bonger; R.H. Goddard
b. Edwin Sutherland; Donal Cressey d. Enrico Ferri; Rafaele Garofalo
71. A mentally deficient person having mental age of about 3-7 years.
a. Idiot c. Imbecile
b. Moron d. Insane
72. A mentally deficient person having mental age of two years or less.
a. Idiot c. Imbecile
b. Moron d. Insane
73. Areas or places in which dwellings or housing conditions are dilapidated, unsanitary,
unhealthy, which are therefore, detrimental to the morale, health and the safety of the
populace.
a. Home c. Broken Home
b. Bad neighborhood d. Government
74. Suggests legal separation between parents, or natural separation, that is, either due to
death of the other or just physical absence due to nature of the work of the other parent,
including lack of interest on the part of the present parent in the welfare of the children.
a. Home c. Broken Home
b. Bad neighborhood d. Government
75. One classification of delinquents which is characterized by being occasional law breaker.
a. Emotionally Maladjusted Delinquents c. Environmental Delinquents
b. Psychiatrist Delinquents d. Juvenile Delinquents
76. Another classification of delinquents who are considered as habitual law breakers, and
cannot avoid or stop from doing it.
77. His greatest contribution was his attack on the classical doctrine of free will, he published
in 1878 his book “The Theory of Imputable and Denial of the Free Will.”
a. Cesare Beccaria c. Enrico Ferri
b. Jeremy Bentham d.Rafaele Garofalo
78. Circumstances which when present in the commission of the crime will reduce the
penalty imposed to the perpetrator.
79. Refers to a child who becomes delinquent due to mental illness due to mental illness
coupled with serious emotional disturbance in the family.
80. That branch of the administration of criminal justice changed with the responsibility for
the custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of the convicted offender.
a. Penology c. Jail
b. Corrections d. Prison
81. The redress that the state takes against an offending member of the society that usually
involves pain and suffering.
a. Punishment c. Retribution
b. Penalty d. Deterrence
82. This theory maintains that criminal behaviour was believed to be the result of evil spirits
and demons; some natural forces control his/her behaviour.
a. Demonological Theory c. Evil Theory
b. Freewill Theory d. Classical Theory
83. The suffering inflicted by the state against an offending member for the transgression of
law.
a. Punishment c. Retribution
b. Penalty d. Deterrence
84. Refers to a place of confinement for inmates under investigation, awaiting or undergoing
trial, or serving sentence; houses those sentenced to imprisonment of 3 years and below.
a. Penology c. Jail
85. It is the science devoted to the study of mankind and its development in relation to its
physical, mental and cultural history.
a. autobiography c. sociology
b. biometry d. anthropology
86. An Italian who founded the Positive School of Criminology.

a. Cesare Lombroso c. Cesare Beccaria
b. Enrico Ferri d. Rafaele Garofalo
87. It is a procedure by which prisoners are selected for release on the basis of individual
response and progress within the correctional institution. Thus, they are provided with
necessary control and guidance as they render service free community to complement the
remainder of their sentences.
a. Absolute Pardon c. Parole
b. Conditional Pardon d. Pardon
88. An Italian authority in criminology, who developed a concept of the natural crime and
defined it as a violation of the prevalent sentiments of piety and probity.
a. R.H. Goddard c. David Maurer
b. W.A. Bonger d. Rafaele Garofalo
89. An institution for the imprisonment of persons convicted of major/serious crimes; houses
those sentenced to imprisonment of more than 3 years.
a. Penology c. Jail
90. A mercy extended to a prisoner by the President, usually a form of a reduction in

sentence or unconditional release.
b. Conditional Pardon d. Executive Clemency
91. A general pardon granted to groups of law violators, usually those who committed
political crimes, with the concurrence of the law making body.
a. Reprieve c. Amnesty
b. Commutation d. Parole
92. Is an act of executive clemency by head of the state for purposes of exempting an
individual from the punishment imposed upon him by a court of law?
93. Circumstances by which when present in the commission of the cime will exempt the
perpetrator from criminal liability.
94. The law that abolished Death Penalty.

a. R.A. 9346 c. R.A. 9364
b. R.A. 7569 d. R.A. 7965
95. A pardon granted by the Chief Executive without conditions of any kind. This serves to
wipe away the guilt of a person and makes him innocent as if he has not committed any
crime.
96. This theory argues that classical theory must be modified in certain details. Since children
and lunatics cannot calculate pleasure and pain, they must not be regarded as criminals
nor be punished.
97. Known as the front liner of the Criminal Justice System.

a. Police c. Court
b. Prosecution d. Correction
98. A pardon granted by the Chief Executive subject to the conditions imposed on the
recipient and accepted by him. Usually, the person granted with this kind of pardon has
served a portion of his sentence in prisons.
99. Known as the weakest pillar of the Criminal Justice System.

a. Police c. Court
b. Prosecution d. Correction
100. He conducts preliminary investigation on the complaint filed to him by the victim,
victim’s relative, police or any public officer charged with the law violated.
a. Police c. Judge
b. Prosecutor d. Jail Officer
TEST I
Suggested Key Answers for FUNDAMENTALS OF CRIMINOLOGY
1 C 26 B 51 A 76 A
2 C 27 C 52 A 77 C
3 A 28 A 53 D 78 C
4 B 29 A 54 A 79 B
5 A 30 D 55 B 80 C
6 C 31 B 56 A 81 A
7 B 32 B 57 A 82 A
8 D 33 A 58 C 83 B
9 A 34 C 59 D 84 C
10 A 35 D 60 B 85 D
11 A 36 B 61 D 86 A
12 D 37 C 62 B 87 C
13 A 38 C 63 B 88 D
14 C 39 D 64 C 89 D
15 B 40 C 65 A 90 D
16 A 41 B 66 A 91 C
17 C 42 A 67 C 92 D
18 C 43 B 68 A 93 B
19 D 44 A 69 D 94 A
20 B 45 B 70 D 95 A
21 C 46 A 71 C 96 D
22 D 47 D 72 A 97 A
23 C 48 C 73 B 98 B
24 D 49 C 74 C 99 D
25 A 50 A 75 C 100 B

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TEST I

1. The scientific study of crimes and criminals.

2. A body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon. It includes within its

3. One classification of Criminals according to Lombroso who commit crime due to

4. Bertillon system of identification is known as ___________________.

5. According to him, criminology at present is a science but not an absolute science.

6. The scientific study of crimes and criminals.

14. Anomie Theory was advocated by __________________.

15. Who introduced Psychoanalytical Theory?

17. One classification of criminal who kills another as a result of self-defense.

21. This theory was introduced by Edwin Sutherland.

22. One classification of criminals who commit crimes against chastity.

23. The proponent of the Human Ecology Theory

24. Who introduced the Somatotyping Theory?

30. An uncontrollable morbid propensity to steal, pathological stealing.

31. One who advocated the Utilitarian Hedonism Theory.

32. The theory introduced by Robert Merton.

33. A philosophy by Beccaria advocating an imposition of severe punishment for people to

35. It is pioneer institution offering the criminology program in the Philippines.

37. The theory postulated by Frank Tannenbaum in 1938.

39. The theory advocated Lawrence Cohen and Marcus Felson.

43. The scientific study of crimes and criminals.

45. Insanity is under ______________________.

46. Self-defense is under ____________________.

63. The scientific investigation on the causes of crime.

86. An Italian who founded the Positive School of Criminology.

90. A mercy extended to a prisoner by the President, usually a form of a reduction in

94. The law that abolished Death Penalty.

97. Known as the front liner of the Criminal Justice System.

99. Known as the weakest pillar of the Criminal Justice System.

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