Study Guide: Chapters 10-18, Multiple Choice & True/False Questions

The Art of Public Speaking

Introduction to Speech – McHenry County College, Spring, 2014

Chapter 10, Beginning and Ending the Speech

1. You should usually work out the exact wording of the introduction after you have finished
preparing the body of your speech. True or False

2. If you were giving an informative speech on the subject of troglodytes, you would probably
include a ____________ in your introduction. Definition, Startling statement, Personal story, or
Narrative

3. As your textbook explains, even when you use other interest-arousing lures in a speech
introduction, you should always ____________. Startle the audience, Ask the audience a
question, Relate the topic to the audience, or Begin with a quotation

4. A ____________ ending is a type of speech conclusion that generates emotional appeal by

fading step by step to a dramatic final statement. Restrictive, Dissolve, or Crescendo

5. A ____________ identifies the main points to be discussed in the body of the speech.
Goodwill statement, Credibility statement, Transition statement, or Preview statement

6. The conclusion should normally make up about 20 to 25 percent of your speech. T or F

7. ____________ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a

given topic. Empathy, Credibility, or Receptivity

8. An excellent way to give your speech psychological unity is to conclude by __ making a

dramatic statement, __quoting from a famous individual, __reemphasizing your credibility, or
__referring to ideas in the introduction.

9. When a speaker uses a ____________ ending, the speech builds in force until it reaches a
zenith of power and intensity. Crescendo, Commemorative, or Cascade

10. When you advocate a highly unpopular position, it is particularly important to ____________
in the introduction of your speech. Get the audience's attention, Establish goodwill toward the
audience, or State your topic clearly and concisely

11. A direct appeal to your audience for action is most appropriate in the conclusion of a(n)
____________ speech. Informative, Persuasive, or Commemorative
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12. A ____________ is a question that the audience answers mentally rather than out loud.
__ Rhetorical question, __ Neutral question, __ Latent question, or __ Nonverbal question

13. ____________ is the audience's perception of whether the speaker has the best interests of
the audience in mind. Integrity, Goodwill, or Sympathy

14. The ____________ is usually the last element of a speech introduction and provides a
smooth lead-in to the body of the speech. Bridge statement, Credibility statement, Organizing
statement, or Preview statement

15. Even if the audience already knows your speech topic, you should usually restate it clearly
and concisely at some point in the introduction. True or False

Chapter 11, Outlining the Speech

16. A ____________ outline is a detailed outline developed during the process of speech
preparation. Preliminary, Introductory, or Preparation

17. A preparation outline should include: Bibliography, Research notes, Delivery cues, or All
answers are correct

18. A preparation outline should include: Specific purpose statement, Central idea, Connectives,
or All answers are correct

19. The pattern of symbolization and indentation in a speech outline shows the ____________ of
the speech. Visual framework, Indirect organization, Informal structure, or Residual message

20. In a preparation outline, the most important ideas are placed farthest to the left and the less
important ideas are placed progressively farther to the right. True or False

21. In a preparation outline, you should state your main points in brief phrases. True or False

22. A ____________ is a list of the sources used in preparing a speech. Bibliography,

Biography, or Commentary

23. When selecting a title for your speech, you should avoid phrasing it as a question.
True or False

24. A ____________ outline is a brief outline used to jog a speaker's memory during the
presentation of a speech.
Visual, Speaking, or Final
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25. When preparing a speaking outline, you should: Include many details so you won't forget
what to say, Use complete sentences to ensure full development of ideas, Give yourself cues for
delivering the speech, or All answers are correct

26. In a preparation outline, main points are identified by capital letters. True or False

27. In a preparation outline, main points and subpoints should be written as full sentences.
True or False

28. Even though a speaking outline should be kept as brief as possible, you should usually write
out quotations in full. True or False

29. In a speaking outline, words such as "pause," "faster here," and "slow down" are
____________ that help a speaker remember how she or he wants to present key parts of the
speech. Speech tags, Delivery cues, Stage directions, or Oral guides

30. A speech title should: Be brief, Encapsulate the main thrust of your speech, Attract the
attention of your audience, or All answers are correct

31. Which of the following is a correctly worded main point for a speech preparation outline?
Bagpipes, Did you know that the bagpipe is among the oldest of reed instruments?,
The history of the bagpipe dates to ancient Greece, Bagpipes: Ancient Air Instruments

32. Below are a main point and three subpoints from a preparation outline about body piercing.
Which is the main point? A pierced tongue can result in loss of taste, A pierced tongue can
result in an infection, Tongue-piercing can pose several hazards, or A pierced tongue can
result in chipped teeth

33. Below is a main point, a subpoint, and two sub-subpoints from a preparation outline about
acoustical engineering. Which is the subpoint? Noise control is an issue both for indoor and
outdoor settings; Indoors, noise control deals with everything from electric appliances to crowd
noise at sports events and concerts; One major element in acoustical engineering is noise control;
or Outdoors, noise control deals with the sounds of nature as well as with the sounds created by
modern technology

Chapter 12, Language

34. Language mirrors reality. True or False

35. The denotative meaning of a word is __ Emotionally explosive, like a detonation; __ Derived
from the audience's frame of reference; __ Its literal meaning or dictionary definition; or __
Based on listeners' dispositions toward the topic.
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36. The ____________ meaning of a word is what the word suggests or implies. Correlative,
Connotative, or Contractual

37. Inaccurate use of language can harm a speaker's credibility. True or False

38. An excellent way to improve your credibility as a speaker is to use fancy, complicated words
rather than familiar words. True or False

39. The more ____________ a word, the more specific it will be.
Concrete, Connotative, or Correct

40. The more ____________ a word, the more ambiguous it will be.
Artistic, Denotative, or Abstract

41. Which of the following is the most concrete and specific?

Building, White House, Shelter, or House.

42. Which of the following is the most general and abstract?

Speech, Biology 100 lecture, Communication, Lecture

43. "The steady flow of traffic sounded like the rush of a great river" is an example of __ Simile,
__ Antithesis, __ Oxymoron, or __ Metaphor.

44. "Once given a push, the machine of justice rolls on by itself" is an example of __ Metonymy,
__ Alliteration, __ Personification, or __ Metaphor.

45. ____________ is repetition of the initial consonant sound of close or adjoining words.
__ Antithesis, __ Parallelism, __ Alliteration

46. ____________ is the pattern of sound in a speech created by the choice and arrangement of
words. Rhythm, Intonation, or Phonetics

47. "His ideas are as worthless as withered weeds" are examples of __ Simile and alliteration,
__ Repetition and antithesis, __ Imagery and personification, or __ Parallelisim and metaphor.

48. "Our mission is to serve justice, to right wrong, and to protect democracy" is an example of
__ Simile, __ Parallelism, or __ Oxymoron.

49. "Divided there is little we can do; united there is little we cannot do" is an example of __
Metaphor, __ Antithesis, __ Metonymy, or __ All answers are correct.

50. Language that is appropriate for some occasions may not be appropriate for others.
True or False
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51. Using inclusive language is an important part of being an audience-centered public speaker.
True or False

52. For the sake of clarity, you should usually employ the generic "he" when speaking in public.
True or False

Chapter 13, Delivery

53. Good delivery does not call attention to itself. True or False

54. _______________ is based on a person's use of voice and body rather than on the use of
words. Informal communication, Subjective Communication, Nonverbal Communication, or
Direct Communication

55. When accuracy is essential and a speech must be delivered word for word, ____________
delivery is most appropriate. Impersonal, Manuscript, or Ceremonial

56. A(n) ____________ speech is delivered with little or no immediate preparation.

Informal, Extemporaneous, or Impromptu

57. A(n) _____ _______ speech is a carefully prepared and rehearsed speech that is presented
from a brief set of notes. Colloquial, Extemporaneous, or Casual

58. _________ is the lowness or highness of the speaker's voice. Pitch, Rate, or Volume

59. ____________ are changes in the pitch or tone of a speaker's voice.

Vibratos, Inflections, or Fluctuations

60. Changes in a speaker's rate, pitch, and volume are referred to as __ Vocal variety, __
Vocalized pausing, __ Oral fluctuation, or __ Variable inflection.

61. Speakers who lack vocal variety are said to speak in a ___________.
Monotone, Monochord, or Monogram

62. Sloppy ____________ is the failure to form particular speech sounds crisply and distinctly.
Representation, Phonetics, or Articulation

63. Violating the accepted standard of sound and rhythm for words in a given language is an
error in ____________. Pronunciation, Tonality, or Linguistics

64. ____________ is a variety of a language distinguished by variations of accent, grammar, or

vocabulary. Dialect, The Vernacular, or Jargon
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65. In which of the following situations will the personal appearance of the speaker have an
impact on the audience's perception of the speaker? A police officer presenting an educational
talk, A concerned citizen being interviewed on the news, A lawyer addressing a jury,
or All answers are correct

66. As your textbook explains, upon reaching the lectern to start a speech, you should __ Begin
speaking immediately, __ Confess how nervous you are, __ Make eye contact with your
listeners, or __ All answers are correct

67. When you end your speech, you should __ Maintain eye contact for a few moments after you
stop talking, __ Collect your notes and any visual aids you may have used, __ Maintain a cool,
collected demeanor as you return to your seat, or __ All answers are correct

68. The primary rule of using gestures in a speech is to gesture frequently and emphatically so
that listeners notice what you are doing. True or False

69. One of the advantages of using the extemporaneous method of delivery is that it __ Ensures a
precise choice of words, __ Encourages conversational quality, __ Requires only limited
preparation, or __ Allows for better articulation

70. "Conversational quality" refers to speech delivery that sounds spontaneous no matter how
many times it has been rehearsed. True or False

71. The best rate for effective public speaking is 110 words per minute. True or False

72. As Mark Twain noted, "The right word may be effective, but no word was ever as effective
as a rightly timed ____________." Gesture, Inflection, or Pause

73. Research shows that speakers in the United States who fail to establish eye contact may be
seen by listeners as insincere or even dishonest. True or False

74. When practicing your speech delivery, you should do all the following except __ Record the
speech to see how you sound, __ Include delivery cues on your speaking outline, __ Try to
learn your speech word for word, or __ Practice in front of friends or family

Chapter 14, Using Visual Aids

75. Research has demonstrated that visual aids, when used well, can increase a speaker's:
Clarity, Confidence, Credibility, or All answers are correct

76. Using visual aids can help a speaker combat stage fright. True or False
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77. What is a major factor to consider when deciding whether to use an object as a visual aid?
Its color, Its size, Its Shape, or Its texture

78. If you want to use a photograph as a visual aid for a speech, your textbook recommends that
you: Show the photograph to the audience by using PowerPoint, Pass the photograph among
members of the audience so they can see it clearly, Find a copy of the photograph in an oversized
book that you can show from the front of the room, or All answers are correct

79. The following visual aid is an example of a ____________ graph. Fixed, Symbol, Line

80. The following visual aid is an example of a ____________ graph. Ration, Pie, or Shell
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81. The following visual aid is an example of a ____________ graph. Bar, Geometric, or Flat

82. The following visual aid is an example of a _____________. Chart, Word Graph, or Panel

83. A pie graph should ideally have from two to five segments. True or False
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84. If you were delivering a speech about unemployment and wanted to show changes in the
unemployment rate over the last decade, you should use a ____________ graph.
Flat, Circle, or Line

85. It is crucial to fit all the information you want your audience to retain on a single chart.
True or False

86. When using PowerPoint, you should: Give yourself extra time for preparation and rehearsal,
Check the equipment ahead of time to make sure it is working properly, Make sure your text and
images are easy for everyone in your audience to see, or All Answers are correct

87. Sometimes you can use your own body as a visual aid. True or False

88. Distributing handouts is usually an excellent way to present visual aids during a speech.
True or False

89. Dolores is preparing visual aids for her speech about resources available to the Latino/Latina
community and has decided to use a handout. When should she distribute it? As the audience
arrives for the speech, At the beginning of the speech, During the conclusion of the speech, or
After the speech

90. When delivering a speech, you should display visual aids only while discussing them.
True or False

91. One advantage of using video in a speech is that it involves less work than other kinds of
visual aids. True or False

92. When preparing charts and graphs, you should use a large number of colors in order to grab
your audience's attention. True or False

93. When preparing a visual aid, you should use ALL CAPS because it is easier to read.
True or False

94. Usually you should use only two fonts on any single PowerPoint slide—one for the title or
major headings, another for subtitles or other text. True or False

Chapter 15, Speaking to Inform

95. In an informative speech, the speaker acts as: A motivator, An advocate, or A teacher
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96. The primary aim of an informative speech is to: Modify the attitudes of the audience,
Explain why listeners should change their behavior, Offer reasons for supporting a new policy,
or Convey knowledge or information

97. Which of the following is an instance of informative speaking? A psychologist advocating

more study of the grieving process at a professional meeting, A counselor explaining the stages
of grieving to people who have recently lost loved ones, A doctor urging hospital
administrators to fund a class about grieving, or All answers are correct

98. "To inform my audience about the major features of a digital music player" is a specific-
purpose statement for an informative speech about: An object, An event, or A Process

99. "To inform my audience about three major theories of climate change" is an example of a
specific purpose statement for an informative speech about: A function, A concept, or An event

100. An informative speech about a process explains a systematic series of actions that leads to a
specific result or product. True or False

101. "To inform my audience about the origins of the Jewish holiday of Purim" is a specific
purpose statement for an informative speech about: An object, A concept, or An event

102. As your textbook explains, when preparing an informative speech, you should: Personalize
your ideas, Relate the subject directly to your audience, Avoid abstractions, or All answers are
correct

103. "To inform my audience about the four major steps in body piercing" is a specific purpose
statement for an informative speech about: A process, A function, or An object

104. If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the major land
regions in Spain," you would probably organize your speech in: Spatial order, Chronological
order, Sequential order, or Topical order

105. The more you assume your listeners know about the topic of your informative speech, the
more you run the risk of being misunderstood. True or False

106. If your specific purpose statement were "To inform my audience about the four major steps
in building a loft," you would probably organize your speech in ____________ order. Causal,
Chronological, or Spatial

107. Which of the following recommendations does your textbook give for relating a subject
directly to your audience in an informative speech? Tie your topic into the audience's interests
and concerns, Tell the audience why your message is important to them, Speak in personal terms,
using words such as "you" and "your" or All answers are correct
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108. Your textbook recommends using abstractions as a way to clarify ideas in an informative
speech. True or False

109. It is usually most effective to keep your ideas impersonal when giving an informative
speech. True or False

Chapter 16, Speaking to Persuade

110. Which of the following is an instance of persuasive speaking? A family therapist

illustrating parenting skills, A professor explaining the elements of an atom, A lawyer arguing
for the acquittal of her client, or An executive assistant clarifying copyright laws

111. Because persuasion aims to change the beliefs and/or actions of listeners, speaking to
persuade is one of the few cases in which a speaker does not need to consider her or his ethical
obligations. True or False

112. The ____________ audience is the portion of the whole audience that the speaker most
wants to persuade. Ideal, Preferred, or Target

113. "To persuade my audience that eating yogurt prolongs human life" is a specific purpose
statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ____________. Fact, Research, or Value

114. A persuasive speech on a question of fact is essentially the same as an informative speech.
True or False

115. "To persuade my audience that discrimination on the basis of marital status is unfair" is a
specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of ___________.
Fact, Value, or Policy

116. Persuasive speeches on questions of value are usually organized in: Topical order,
Comparative advantages order, Monroe's motivated sequence, or Spatial order

117. Whenever you give a persuasive speech on a question of value, you need to: Inspire your
audience to follow your call for action, Justify your value judgment against a set of standards
or criteria, Provide evidence to prove the cause of a serious social problem, or All answers are
correct

118. A question of ____________ deals with whether a specific course of action should or
should not be taken.
Expedience, Policy, Conscience
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119. "To persuade my audience that Congress should revise the laws governing medical
malpractice" is a specific purpose statement for a persuasive speech on a question of policy.
True or False

120. In a persuasive speech to gain ____________, the speaker's goal is to convince the audience
that a given policy is desirable without encouraging the audience to take action in support of that
policy. Delayed consent, Passive agreement, Incremental approval, or Deferred action

121. "To persuade my audience to become regular blood donors" is a specific purpose statement
for a persuasive speech seeking passive agreement. True or False

122. What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points?
I. Fraudulent charity fundraising has become a widespread problem.
II. The problem can be solved by a combination of government initiative and individual
awareness.
Topical order, Comparative advantages order, Monroe's motivated sequence,
or Problem-solution order

123. ____________ is a five-step method of speech organization that follows the process of
human thinking and leads the listener step by step to a desired action. Problem-solution order,
Problem-cause-solution order, Monroe's motivated sequence, Comparative advantages order

124. Which of the following is the third step in Monroe's motivated sequence? Action,
Satisfaction
Visualization
Need

125. In the visualization step of Monroe's motivated sequence, the speaker: Visualizes the
benefits of the speaker's solution to the problem, Visualizes a specific course of action for the
audience to take, Visualizes herself or himself giving a successful speech, or Visualizes the
existence of a serious problem that needs solving

126. Monroe's motivated sequence is most useful for speeches that seek immediate action.
True or False

127. When using Monroe's motivated sequence to organize a persuasive speech on a question of
policy, the action step should be placed in the:
Introduction
Second main point of the body
Practicality section
Conclusion
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128. What method of organization is used in a persuasive speech with the following main points?
I. The problem of eating disorders affects more than 10 million Americans.
II. The causes of eating disorders include peer pressure, fad diets, and the media's glamorization
of thinness.
III. An effective solution to eating disorders must address all three of these causes.
Topical, Problem-cause-solution, Comparative advantages, or Problem-solution

129. Regardless of whether your aim is to encourage passive agreement or immediate action, you
must deal with three basic issues whenever you discuss a question of policy. What are they?
Fact, attitude, and opinion; Problem, value, and solution; Cause, effect, and prediction;
or Need, plan, and practicality

130. Which of the following statements is most clearly directed at the need issue in a persuasive
speech on a question of policy?
One part of the solution is to have our state require training for all employees of tanning salons.
Tanning beds can cause serious medical problems, including eye burns, blood-vessel
injuries, and skin cancer.
Because this solution has worked in other states where it has been adopted, we can be confident
that it will work here.
Another part of the solution is to require licensing for all employees at tanning salons.

Chapter 17, Methods of Persuasion

131. ____________ is the audience's perception of how qualified a speaker is to speak on a given
topic. Rectitude, Credibility, Prestige

132. A speaker's credibility is affected above all by how the audience regards the speaker's:
Education and notoriety, Reputation and rationality, Competence and character,
or Celebrity and judgment

133. ____________ is the name used by Aristotle for what modern students of communication
refer to as credibility. Ethos, Pathos, or Logos

134. Strong evidence can: Enhance a speaker's credibility, Increase the persuasiveness of a
speech, Inoculate listeners against counterpersuasion, or All answers are correct

135. No matter what kind of evidence you employ, it will be more persuasive if you state it in
specific rather than general terms. True or False

136. Evidence is more likely to be persuasive if it is familiar to the audience. True or False
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137. "Pathos" is the word Aristotle used to refer to a speaker's logical appeal.
True or False

138. What kind of reasoning is used in the following statement?

Because the crime-reduction policy I propose has worked successfully in New York, Houston,
and New Orleans, we can be confident that it will work here as well.
Analogical reasoning, Reasoning from principle, Reasoning from generalization,
or Colloquial reasoning

139. What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement?

I watched a Taiwanese film in class last week, and it was extremely violent. When I mentioned
this to my friend, she said that she, too, hadseen a violent Taiwanese film. Apparently, all
Taiwanese films are violent.
False cause, Hasty generalization, Invalid analogy, or Faulty rationale

140. Reasoning from principle involves moving from a specific principle to a general conclusion.
True or False

141. What error in reasoning is exemplified in the following statement?

I usually eat spaghetti for dinner the day before an exam, but I ran out of spaghetti the night
before the calculus final. That's why I got a C.
False cause, Invalid analogy, Appeal to tradition, or Slippery slope

142. The fallacy of false cause is often known by its Latin name, post hoc, ergo propter hoc.
True or False

143. The most important question to ask when assessing analogical reasoning is whether: The
analogy creates a logical dilemma, The two cases being compared are essentially alike, The
analogical effect is caused by a third variable, or The minor premise needs to be supported

144. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?

Either we build a new high school or children in this community will never get into college.
Hasty generalization; Post hoc, ergo propter hoc; Appeal to novelty; or Either-or

145. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?

How can we take my opponent's proposed education bill seriously? After all, he flunked out of
high school.
Bandwagon
Ad hominem
Slippery slope
Appeal to tradition
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146. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?

As we have seen, the trend is for companies to reduce long-term research and development costs
in order to increase short-term profits. Since so many companies are doing this, it must make
good business sense.
Bandwagon, Invalid analogy, False cause, or Red herring

147. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?

How can we be so concerned about ethics in political campaigns when there are serious
problems in the long-term stability of Social Security?
Red herring, False dilemma, Ad hominem, or Slippery slope

148. The following statement is an example of what type of fallacy?

Once we accept money from soft-drink companies for exclusive rights to sell their products in
our high schools, it won't belong until businesses are deciding what courses should be taught and
what teachers should be hired.
Appeal to novelty; Post hoc, ergo propter hoc; Slippery slope; or Either-or

149. Emotional appeal is often necessary when a speaker is trying to move an audience to action.
True or False

150. In persuasive speaking, it is usually appropriate to substitute emotional appeals for evidence
and reasoning. True or False
151. Which of the following does your textbook recommend as a way to generate emotional
appeal in a persuasive speech?
Use more denotative language to create an emotional response, Let emotional appeal grow
naturally out of the speech content, Modify your body language to give your ideas emotional
impact, All answers are correct

Chapter 18, Speaking on Special Occasions

152. Which of the following is an example of a speech for a special occasion?
__ a speech presenting an award to a retiring teacher, ___ a talk to students on how to use a
new computer system, ___ a speech on the merits of a proposed health care plan, ___ a talk on a
new technique to test blood sugar levels

153. The purpose of a speech of introduction is to reveal the major points that will be made by
the main speaker. True or False

154. When giving a speech of introduction, you should:

___ make sure your remarks about the main speaker are completely accurate, ___ get the
audience's attention by reciting an embarrassing story about the speaker, ___ make a special
effort to praise the speaker for his or her speaking skills, ___ All answers are correct
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155. Under normal circumstances, a speech of introduction should be no more than

____________ minutes long.
___ two to three, ___ five to eight, ___ ten to twelve

156. Because a speech of introduction focuses on the main speaker, there is little need to adapt to
the audience.
True or False

157. The name of the main speaker should usually be stated at the ____________ of a speech of
introduction.
___ beginning, ___ middle, ___ end

158. The main purpose of a speech of presentation is to:

___ present facts to the audience, ___ present a gift or an award, ___ present persuasive
arguments, ___ present the featured speaker

159. When giving a speech of presentation, you should usually:

___ tell why the recipient is receiving the award, ___ explain the purpose and criteria for the
award, ___ limit your remarks to four or five minutes, ___ All answers are correct

160. An acceptance speech gives thanks for a gift, an award, or some other form of public
recognition. True or False

161. The major traits of a good acceptance speech are brevity, humility, and ____________.
___ evidence, ___ graciousness, ___ controversy

162. The purpose of a(n) ____________ speech is to pay tribute to a person, a group of people,
an institution, or an idea.
___ keynote, ___ commemorative, ___ after dinner

163. Which of the following is an example of a commemorative speech?

___ a eulogy at a funeral praising the life and accomplishments of the deceased, ___ an address
at the site of the World Trade Center praising the people who lost their lives on September 11,
2001, ___ a speech at a new elementary school praising the work of the woman for whom the
school is named, ___ All answers are correct

164. Of all the kinds of speeches, perhaps none depends more on the creative and subtle use of
language than does the commemorative speech.
True or False