POWER ELECTRONICS

Devices, Circuits, and Applications

FOURTH EDITION

6
CHAPTER
CHAPTER

DC–AC Converters

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Table of Content:

6.1 Introduction
6.2 Performance Parameters
6.3 Principle of Operation

Materials for Week 5:

End of period for questions on this topic: Week 8

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Section 6.1: Introduction

- DC/AC converters or Inverters

- Function: convert DC input voltage  AC output voltage of particular
magnitude and frequency
- Variable output voltage obtained by varying the input DC voltage OR by
varying the inverter’s gain (VAC / VDC) using PWM
- Output is not a pure sinusoidal signal and it contains harmonics

- For low and medium applications, square waves may be acceptable

- For high power applications, low distorted signals are required
- Using filters and switching techniques, harmonic content can be minimized

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
- Applications: Variable speed drives, Induction heating, UPS…
- Input: Battery, Fuel cell, Solar cell, DC link…
- Output: 120V/60Hz, 220V/50Hz,…
- Switches: IGBT, MOSFET, GTO…

- VFI: Voltage Fed Inverter: The input DC voltage is constant independent from the load
- CFI: Current Fed Inverter: The input DC current is constant independent from the load
- Variable DC link Inverter: The input DC voltage is controllable
- Resonant Pulse Inverter: The output is forced to pass to ‘0’ creating an LC resonant circuit
- Multilevel inverter: Further switching combination and switching devices can be used in order
to minimize output harmonics

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Section 6.2: Performance Parameters

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
• The output power is given by

where Vo and Io are the rms load voltage

and load current, θ is the angle of the load
impedance, and R is the load resistance.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
• The dc input power of the inverter is

where VS and IS are the average input

voltage and input current.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
• The rms ripple content of the input current
is

where Ii and Is are the rms and average

values of the dc supply current.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
• The ripple factor of the input current is

• The nth harmonic factor is defined as

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
 It is a measure of closeness in
shape between a waveform and its
fundamental component.

• The total harmonic distortion is defined as

• Distortion Factor DF is a measure of

effectiveness in reducing unwanted
harmonics without having to specify the
values of a second-order load filter and is
defined as

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
• The DF of an individual (or nth) harmonic
component is defined as

• Lowest order harmonic (LOH): The LOH is that

harmonic component whose frequency is closest to the
fundamental one, and its amplitude is greater than or equal
to 3 % of the fundamental component.

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Section 6.3: Principle of Operation

Single Phase Half-Bridge Inverter

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
• The rms value of the output voltage is

• The instantaneous output voltage νo is

• The rms value of fundamental component is

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
• For an RL load, the instantaneous load current i0 can be
found by dividing the instantaneous output voltage by the
load impedance Z = R + jnωL.

• If I01 is the rms fundamental load current, the fundamental

output power (or n = 1) is

Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.
Power Electronics: Devices, Circuits, and Applications, 4e Copyright ©2014 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Muhammad H. Rashid All rights reserved.