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University Project – Report On

WIRELESS CHARGING USING PIEZO ELECTRIC MATERIAL

Submitted to Presidency University for the partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the Degree
Of
Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics and Communications Engineering

Submitted by

Ms Sharmila Krishnaswamy ID No: 2016ECE053

Mr Hareef D ID No: 2016ECE063
Mr Vijaykumar Dalali ID No: 2016ECE065

Under the supervision of

Ms. Amrutha V Nair

Assistant professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
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DECLARATION

This is to declare that the report titled “Wireless Charging Using Piezo Electric
Material” has been made for the partial fulfilment of the course - project work
in the third year by us at Presidency University, under the guidance of Prof
Amrutha V Nair.

We confirm that this report truly represents our work undertaken as a part of
the University Project work. This work is not a replication of work done
previously by any other person. We also confirm that the contents of the report
and the views contained therein have been discussed and deliberated with the
faculty guide.

Sharmila Krishnaswamy Hareef D

(2016ECE053) (2016ECE063)

Vijaykumar Dalali
(2016ECE065)
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We thank God for giving us this wonderful opportunity. We are grateful to our
Dean of SOE Dr K Prabhakar Reddy, our HOD (ECE) Dr Shilpa Mehta and all our
senior faculties for their guidance and support. We are sincerely grateful to our
project guide, Prof. Amrutha V Nair for giving us this opportunity to investigate
this project topic from the seed of an idea to the present form and for the
constant support and guidance in ensuring that team contributed its best
towards this learning process. We appreciate her for trusting our team and
constantly being available for us all the time.
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ABSTRACT

The project aims to present a model of Wireless Charging Using Piezo Electric
Material in a Real-Time environment. When a person runs or exerts pressure on
the piezo-mat, which is mechanical in nature can be converted into electrical
energy using Piezo electric material. This generated power is transferred to the
device by using an open interface standard Qi, that defines Wireless Power
Transfer using Inductive Charging over a distance of up to 2cm and is developed
by Wireless Power Consortium.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction
2. Objective
3. Methodology
4. Work Done
5. Results and Discussions
6. Conclusions
7. References
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INTRODUCTION

In the recent years there has been an increasing interest in research and
development of advanced smart phone technology. But as technology evolves
so are the problems associated with it, and one among those is the fast draining
of battery. Almost every smartphone user wishes he had more battery life. Now,
imagine your phone getting charged where ever you go. This is possible by Piezo
electric wireless power transfer mobile charging technique. The keys to this
technique are the piezoelectricity and Wireless power transfer (WTP).

Wireless charging, also known as inductive charging, is a convenient and cable-

free way to charge your electronic devices. Wireless charging operates in a near
field condition in which the primary coil produces a magnetic field that is picked
up by the secondary coil in the close proximity.

It requires two things:

 A charger, usually in the form of puck, a mat, or a stand that connects to a
power source.
 A smartphone or any other electronic device that is Qi compatible with
wireless charging.
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Harvesting mechanical energy from human motion is an attractive approach for

obtaining clean and sustainable electric energy. When you run on a treadmill,
the belt moves to the rear, requiring the user to walk or run at a speed
matching that of the belt. The rate at which the belt moves is the rate of
walking or running. Piezoelectricity is electrical energy produced from
mechanical pressure. This mechanical pressure compresses the piezo-mat
placed under the conveyor belt.
When pressure is applied to the mat, a negative charge is produced on the
expanded side and a positive charge on the compressed side of the piezoelectric
crystal. Once the pressure is relieved, electrical current flows across the
material. The speed of running generates AC voltage which maybe controlled,
measured and stored.

Qi wireless charging uses a resonant inductive coupling between the sender (the
charging station) and the receiver (the mobile device). A regular test signal is
sent by the sender to check for the resonance change, telling the Qi enabled
charger base that a Qi compatible phone is present. The sender modulates the
charge and checks for the compatibility to the Qi standard.
Once Qi compatibility and the energy requirement have been calculated, the
charging through induction begins. During the charging, the sender and the
receiver remain in contact and switch into standby mode as soon as the battery
is fully charged.
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BLOCK DIAGRAM:
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GENERATION-TRANSMISSION UNIT:

RECEIVER-CHARGING UNIT:
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OBJECTIVES

1. To design a Piezo-mat that generates 5V to 10V AC voltage.

2. To design the transmitter module that will store and transmit the
generated AC voltage.
3. To design the transmitter and receiver coil such that their resonant
frequencies match.
4. To design the receiver module that will rectify the AC voltage to DC
voltage.
5. To implement and store this electrical energy to charge a compatible
device when needed.
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METHODOLOGY

The design consists of two units. Generation-transmission unit and receiver-

charging unit.
 The generation-transmission unit consists of the Piezo electric
generator, capacitance bank, oscillator (555 Timer) and transmitter coil
all integrated.
 The receiver-charging unit consists of capacitance bank, rectification
circuit and charging circuit.

The mat design consists of a pair of array of piezo electric units connected in
series. The front panel and rear panel has the array of piezo electric units in a
linear arrangement. The generated voltage is sent to a oscillatory circuit that
produces high frequency.
The receiver-charging side collects continuous energy input from the oscillator
and efficiently stores their energy in the capacitor bank. During the charging
process, the capacitor voltage is continuously monitored. When it reaches 5.2V
the module output is enabled to supply power to a Rectifier and charging unit.

The energy from the Receiver coil is rectified, regulated and is then transferred
using wireless power transfer.
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WORK DONE

The mat design was made keeping in mind the structure of human feet which has
two points, the heel and the toe where the pressure exerted is maximum. The
piezo electric material was embedded linearly and in series.
The output was observed using a LED and was measured using the multimeter.

The requirement for the transmitting-receiving coil is as follows:

 Inductance of coil is a function of:
 Coil diameter (D) = 100mm
 Wire diameter (d) = 64mm
 Number of turns of coil (N) = 50
 Permeability of free space (μ0) = 4π x 10−7
 Relative permeability of material (μr) = 0.99994

 Frequency is a function of :
 Inductance of coil (L) = 0.805mH
 Capacitance (C) = 0.1 μF
 Resonant frequency (F) = ~ 22000 Hz

 Formula for coil inductance:

L = N2 * μ0 μr * (D/2) [ln (8D/d)-2]
 Formula for resonant frequency:
F = 𝟏/(𝟐π√LC)
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RESULTS

The regulated voltage was found out to be ~5.2V, 300mA.

After implementing the circuit, it was observed that a minute error in the
windings of the coil leads to a mismatch in the resonant frequency. Thus, there
is no continuous flow of current causing fluctuations while charging.
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CONCLUSION

This report summarizes the generation, transmission, receiving and

charging the electronic devices using Wireless Power Transfer.
From the calculation we have concluded that this circuit gives us 40%
efficiency. This circuit can charge devices that requires 5V and 300mA
charging current.
However, there are certain limitations to this model as the model doesn’t
work beyond the given range of 2cm. Due to poor air coupling, skin effect
and error in inductance of the hand winded coil, the frequency of the
oscillator circuit may not stable.
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REFERENCE
 Piezoelectric generator Datasheet: www.piezo.com/prodproto4EHkit

 Design and Test of a High Power High Efficiency Loosely Coupled Planar
Wireless Power Transfer System by Zhen Ning Low, IEEE transactions on
industrial electronics, vol. 56, no. 5, May 2009.

 Wireless Power Transfer via Strongly Coupled Magnetic Resonances by

Andre Kurs, Aristeidis Karalis, Robert Moffatt, J. D. Joannopoulos, Peter
Fisher, Marin Soljacic. 2008.