ASSIGNMENT 3.

Name of Most Important Paradigm Shift

Scientist Work
Galileo Galilei Galileo’s telescope Galileo combined his laws of physics with the
(1564–1642) and microscope observations he made with his telescope to defend the
heliocentric Copernican view of the universe and refute
the Aristotelian system in his 1630 masterwork, Dialogue
on the Two Chief Systems of the World. Upon its
publication, he was censored by the Catholic Church and
sentenced to house arrest in 1633, where he remained
until his death in 1642.

Galileo Galilei did not invent the telescope but was the
first to use it systematically to observe celestial objects
and record his discoveries. In it he reported on his
observations of the Moon, Jupiter and the Milky Way.
These and subsequent observations and his
interpretations of them eventually led to the demise of
the geocentric Ptolemaic model of the universe and the
adoption of a heliocentric model as proposed in 1543 by
Copernicus.

Isaac Newton Law of universal Newton explained his theories in the 1687 revolutionary
(1642–1726) gravitation work Philosophia Naturalis Principia Mathematica, often
called simply the Principia. This work also went along way
toward developing calculus.

Newton developed laws of motion and gravitation which

controlled physics for 200 years because of their
explanatory and analytical supremacy. Then slight
inconsistencies were discovered, which Einstein's theory
of relativity explained perfectly. The end result was a
paradigm shift from Newton's force of gravity in a flat,
infinite universe to Einstein's curved space-time.

However, Newton was really close to Einseteinean physics,

his predictions were really approximated. Einstein’s theory
punched a hole in Newton’s logic.
Reference:

https://medium.com/countdown-education/top-13-important-thinkers-in-the-scientific-
revolution-dfe1a3010e61

https://www.sparknotes.com/history/european/scientificrevolution/key-people/

https://www.britannica.com/biography/Otto-von-Guericke

https://newtonvseinstein.weebly.com/round-3-paradigm-shift.html#:~:text=Newton
%20developed%20laws%20of%20motion,their%20explanatory%20and%20analytical
%20supremacy.&text=The%20end%20result%20was%20a,to%20Einstein's%20curved
%20space%2Dtime.

https://lensonleeuwenhoek.net/content/galileos-microscope#:~:text=Galileo%20began
%20with%20a%20telescope.&text=However%2C%20using%20lenses%20with%20a,and
%20a%20bi%2Dconcave%20eyepiece.

https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevedenning/2013/07/11/the-copernician-revolution-in-
management/?sh=2adf38ca108d