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I. DIESEL CYCLE
Is a compression-ignition type of engine.
Pressure, P
e nt
ro
P2
( ) T2
( )
pi
= rk k = r k k -1 rp = (rk )k Is e
c
P1 T1 nt
ro
pi
c V=c QR
rk = compression ratio = V1 / V2
Volume, V
V2 VD
rp = compression pressure ratio = P2 / P1 V1
1 rck - 1
e = 1- [ ]
k -1 k(rc - 1)
rk
V3 T3
where: rc = cut-off ratio = =
V2 T2
W W
E. Pm = =
VD V1 - V2
F. rk = expansion ratio = rc re
re = expansion ratio = V4/V3
VD = volume displacement = V1 - V2
C. Turbine Expansion: 3 to 4
(Isentropic Process: s3 = s4)
WT = turbine work = m cp (T3 - T4)
k -1
QA
T3 æP ö k T3 V4 k -1
= ç 3÷
k k
= P4 V4 =(
Temperature, T
P3 V3 )
T4 çP ÷ T4 V3
è 4ø =
c WT
P
D. Net Turbine Work, WN
WN = WT - WC
c
Wc P=
E. Cycle Efficiency, e
WN W - Wc 1 1 Entropy, s
e = = T = 1-
k -1
= 1- k -1
QA QA rk
rp k
P2 P3 V1
rp = pressure ratio = = rk = compression ratio =
P1 P4 V2
F. Backwork Ratio, BW
Compressor Work Wc
BW = =
Turbine Work WT
Partial Pressure
P = Total pressure = P1 + P2 + P3 V = V1 + V2 + V3
B. PERCENT MASS:
mm = total mass of mixture = m1 + m2 + m3
Percent mass of gas 1: %m1 = m1 / mm
Percent mass of gas 2: %m2 = m2 / mm
Percent mass of gas 3: %m3 = m3 / mm
Molecular weight. M
Gas constant, R
Rm = gas constant of mixture
Rm = 8.314/Mm
1. Air in an ideal Diesel cycle is compressed from 3 L to 0.15 L and then it expands during the constant pressure
heat addition process to 0.3 L. Under cold air standard conditions, the thermal efficiency of this cycle is:
A. 35 percent B. 44 percent C. 65 percent D. 70 percent
2. A Diesel cycle has an initial temperature of 27 oC. If the cut-off ratio is 2.50 and compression ratio is 12, find the
maximum cycle temperature.
A. 1634.4 oC B. 1753.44 oC C. 2010.3 oC D. 1983.4 oC
1. In an air-standard Brayton cycle the inlet temperature and pressure are 20°C and 101.325 kPa. The turbine inlet
conditions are 1200 kPa and 900°C. Determine the air flow rate if the turbine produces 12 MW.
A. 21.41 kg/s B. 20.20 kg/s C. 19.25 kg/s D. 18.10 kg/s
2. An ideal Brayton cycle has a net work output of 150 KJ/kg and backwork ratio of 0.4. The turbine net work output
of the cycle would be:
GAS MIXTURE
1. An ideal gas mixture consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2. The mass fraction of CO2 is:
A. 0.175 B. 0.250 C. 0.825 D. 0.750
2. An ideal gas mixture consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of CO2. The apparent gas constant of mixture is:
A. 0.208 B. 0.231 C. 0.531 D. 0.825
3. Determine the partial pressure of CO2 for the following analysis of gas mixture by weight at 101 kpaa and 25oC:
CO2 = 35%, N2 = 65%.
A. 25.75 kpaa B. 27.55 kpaa C. 52.75 kpaa D. 52.57 kpaa