Listrik Magnet -114

Analisis Vektor 2

Dr. Umiatin, M.Si

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Second Derivatives
Second Derivatives
vector T :
 2T  2T  2T
  (T ) = (  )T =  T = 2 + 2 + 2
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Laplac ian
x y z
  (T ) = (  )T = 0
2 v Laplac ian of a vector field. Apply 2 to each component.

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Integral Calculus
Line Integral b

 v  dl,
aP

if a = b  v  dl = circulatio n
P
Depends on the path,
except v = V
Example : Mechanica l work
b
W = −  F  dl
a
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Example 1.6

Calculate the line integral of v = y 2xˆ + 2 x ( y + 1) yˆ

along the two pathes from a to b.
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Surface Integral
 v  da
S
= flux ,

da is an infinitesi mal patch of the surface,

da is perpendicu lar to this patch.

For a given boundary line there many different surfaces, on which

the surface integral depends. It is independent only if
v = 0 v = A

If the surface is closed:  v  da

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 Example 1.7
 ˆ + + ˆ + − 3)zˆ )  da
2
( 2 xzx ( x 2 ) y y ( z
exclude ( vi )

2 2

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 2

2 2

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 2

2 2

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Volume Integral

 T ( x, y, z)d
V
d = dxdydz

 vd = xˆ  v d + yˆ  v d +zˆ  v d
x y z

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Example 1.8

 d
2
xyz
prism

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Fundamental Theorem
Fundamental Theorem for Gradients
b

 T  dl = T (b) − T (a),
aP
if a = b  T  dl = 0
P

▷ The line integral does not depend on the path P.

Example : Mechanica l work

b b
W = −  F  dl =  V  dl = V ( b ) − V ( a )
a a
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Example 1.9
b

  )  dl
2 along I-II and III
( xy
a

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Fundamental Theorem for Divergences

▷ (also Gauss’s or Green’s theorem)

 (  v)d =  v  da
V S

▷ The surface S encloses the volume V.

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Example 1.10
▷ Check the divergence theorem for

v = y 2xˆ + (2 xy + z 2 ) yˆ + (2 xy)zˆ

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Fundamental Theorem for Curls

▷ (also Stokes’ theorem)

 (  v)  da =  v  dl
S P

The path P is the boundary of the surface S.

The integral does not depend on S.

 (  v)  da = 0
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You must do it in a consistent way!

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Example 1.11

Check Stokes’ Theorem for

v = (2 xz + 3 y 2 ) yˆ + (4 yz 2 )zˆ

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Tugas 2. Dikumpulkan 8 Maret 2021

1. Tentukan Laplacian dari

2. Calculate the volume integral of the function T = z2

over the tetrahedron with corner (0,0,0) , (1,0,0),
(0,1,0), and (0,0,1).
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