u l t u r

C Magazinee
page
In the Classroom 114
Famous People, Ordinary Jobs 115
Music of the World 116
Dragons 117
It’s Getting Warmer 118
Watch Out For Germs! 119
Super Animals 120
New or Not? 121
It’s Just a Job 122
Answers 123
World Map 124

113
 Culture 1

In the Classroom
What do you know about the history of school items? Which item below wasn’t for the classroom?

writing slate cane gyrocompass magic lantern

4
01 Read the facts and check your answer.

In the 1800s and early 1900s, students didn’t often write on paper. They wrote
on a writing slate. Most students liked the slate because they could clean it and
correct their mistakes.
Until about 1870, many classrooms had a cane. It wasn’t the students’ favourite
item. Teachers used it to hit students when they did bad things.
In the 1880s, people started making ships from a type of metal called steel.
A magnetic compass didn’t work in these ships, so in 1890, an engineer invented
the gyrocompass. The gyrocompass works near metal and always finds north.
The magic lantern projected images of pictures and photographs onto the
classroom wall. It became popular in schools in 1849 – ten years
after the invention of photography.
Answer, page 123

S c h o o l Tr i v i a
• T
 he City Montessori School in
Lucknow, India, holds the Guinness
• T
 he King’s School in Canterbury,
World Record for the number of
England, opened in the year 597 – and
students at one school. It’s got
it’s still open today, over 1,400 years
over 47,000 students!
later!

• D
 idaskaleinophobia is a phobia
of going to school. About 2.4%
of students around the world
have got it.

How long is that penc

The average classroom penc
il? il can write about 45,000 wo
rds or draw a 56-kilometre lin
e!

114
 Famous Culture 2

People, Who did it?

Ordinary 4
03 A
This person was an expert at sambo, a sport
similar to judo. He likes rock music and when

Jobs
he was at school, he worked as a DJ on the
school radio.

Many famous people had ordinary

jobs in the past. Can you match these
famous women to their previous jobs?

a waitress

President Putin President Obama

B
Before this person became famous, he
worked for a fast-food restaurant called
El Pollo Loco. Every morning, he wore a
chicken costume to advertise the restaurant.

1 Beyoncé

b hairdresser’s assistant

2 Lady Gaga

Brad Pitt Justin Timberlake

C
This person worked in a shoe shop before he
became famous. He thought it was a terrible
c mechanic job and he especially hated selling shoes to
ladies. He lived in a friend’s cupboard for a
year because he didn’t make much money.
3 Queen Elizabeth II

4
02 Now read about each
celebrity. Did you guess correctly?
When Lady Gaga left school, she worked as a
waitress at a restaurant in New York. She always
loved fashionable clothes and accessories. So with
her first pay cheque, she bought a Gucci bag.
Bruno Mars George Clooney
Before Beyoncé became famous, she washed hair
and cleaned floors at her mother’s hairdressing Answers, page 123
salon. Now she has got her own personal

ou k n o w
hairdressers and they travel everywhere with her.
World War II started when Elizabeth Windsor,
now Queen Elizabeth II, was 16 years old.
She wanted to help the British army, so
D
travels
id y
Queen Elizabeth
all over the world, but she
?
she trained as a mechanic and
drove a military lorry. hasn’t got a passport. All British passports
are in the name of the Queen, so she doesn’t need
Answers, page 123
one herself. She also doesn’t need a driving licence.

115
 Culture 3

Music of the World

4
04 Read about music in different parts of the world. Then match the pictures to the descriptions.

Atea, a
Polynesia In Polynesian
s of the song
music, the wordortant. The
b
are very imp the words
n
dances focus o all hand
1
and inclu d e sm Li-Liang,
movements. China
Chinese music is
unique because it’s got similar
tones to the Chinese language. 2
The Chinese believe music is
very important because it can
influence our thoughts c
and actions.

Music is part a. 3
Afric
of daily life in portant
im
The drum is an ple use it
t. Pe o Masani,
instrumen
Ras, te ll a st o ry and to teach Uganda
to ts.
India about life even d
The Indian film
4 industry is called Bollywood
and most of the films are
musicals. Bollywood songs are
very popular and musicians
play them at events
and concerts.
Answers, page 123

Where’s it from?
Can you match the instruments
to the countries?

Th e P o w e r
1 Tanzania a Maracas
4
05
of Songs
• The popular Bollywood song Tirchi Topiwale starts
with a loud “Oye, oye!” People all over India started
2 Australia b African drum imitating it. They sang “Oye, oye!” everywhere, and
irritated the public and the police. Finally, the song
became illegal in public places. Every time someone
sang, “Oye, oye!” they got a 50-rupee fine.
• In the famous Pink Floyd song Another Brick In The
3 China c Didgeridoo Wall, children sing, “We Don’t Need No Education”.
In 1980, the song became illegal in South Africa,
because people started singing it to protest against
the bad education system for black children.
4 Mexico d Erhu
Answers, page 123
116
 Culture 4

Dragons
4
06 There are stories about dragons in many cultures,
but dragons aren’t the same around the world. Read
about dragons in Western and Eastern societies.
What is different about the way the dragons fly?

Eastern
dragons
Eastern dragons haven’t got wings,
but they can fly. They are clever,
powerful creatures and they control
the seasons and the weather. The red
dragon is a symbol of the Chinese
New Year. People celebrate the
festival with dragon dances.
Western
dragons
Western dragons are often green and
red and they’ve got big wings. They
live in caves, mountains and lakes.
They sometimes eat people, and they
love young princesses. In the Middle
Ages, knights often fought dragons.

Who is it?
The painting below shows a famous
saint trying to rescue a princess
from a dragon. What is the saint’s
name? Which festival honours him?

The Year of Answers, page 123

the Dragon
?
4

Did you know

07

In the Chinese zodiac, animals are symbols for different

The flag of England is
years of birth. The dragon is one of those symbols.
a red cross. This was
The Year of the Dragon occurs every 12 years. The St George’s flag. The
last two Years of the Dragon were in 2000 and 2012. flag of Wales has got
According to the Chinese zodiac, people with a a red dragon on it,
birthday in those years are strong and hard-working. representing the brave
Do you know anyone born in the Year of the Dragon? people of ancient Wales.
Are they strong and hard-working?
Answers, page 123
117
 Culture 5
It’s Getting Warmer
According to scientists, the Earth is getting warmer. This is causing chang
es to the weather. But there are also
are true phenomena of global warming?
other strange effects. Which of the sentences below do you think
3 Butterflies are flying north.
1 Some mountains are growing. 4 New islands are appearing in the Arctic Ocean.

2 People are becoming aggressive. 5 Snakes are hibernating during the summer.

4
08 Read the facts and check your answers.
1 Some mountains are growing as a result of global warming. Heavy glaciers push mountains
down into the ground. But now the glaciers are melting and the mountains are slowly rising.
2 A
 ccording to a new study, people become angry and aggressive in warm climates. So global
warming is causing more conflict between people.
3 Butterflies with dark colours can’t survive well in hot climates, so global warming is causing them
to fly north. White butterflies like warm climates and they’re growing in numbers.
4 Glaciers in the Arctic are melting, with surprising results. New islands are appearing in the
Arctic Ocean. The islands were below glaciers for thousands of years, so nobody could see them.
5 Snakes hibernate in the cold winter months. They usually become active again in April or May,
when the weather is warm. But now winters are warm in many places, too, so you can
already see snakes in February.

What’s the problem?

e becomes white
The North American snowshoe har
w. How do you
in winter so it can hide in the sno
m for this animal?
think global warming is a proble
Answer, page 123

Weather Talk
What do you think these phrases mean? Match the phrases to their meanings.
1
2 3

I’m on cloud nine. It never rains but it

pours.
teacup.
a Bad things don’t happen individually. They come together. It’s a storm in a
b People are getting angry about nothing. c I’m very happy. Answer, page 123

118
 Culture 6

Watch Out for germs!

4
09 Do you know where illnesses come from? Read the information below to find out.

What makes people ill? Usually, it’s a type of germ. Germs can be bacteria or viruses.
What’s the difference? When you’ve got a cold or flu, it’s from a virus. A virus hasn’t
got cells. When you’ve got an infection, it’s from bacteria. Bacteria are very small
creatures with one cell. You can see viruses and bacteria under a microscope. Look at the
microscope images below. Which are viruses and which are bacteria?

1 2

Answers, page 123

Bacteria
Good or Bad?
4 You’ve got between 10 thousand and 10 million bacteria
10
on each hand at any time! Bacteria double their number
every 20 minutes and they can be very dangerous, but it
isn’t all bad news. Some bacteria are good. For example:
• Bacteria help us digest food.
• Bacteria make plants grow.
• Bacteria produce oxygen.
• Bacteria in water can clean the water.
• Bacteria help make yoghurt and cheese from milk.

Amazing Virus Facts

Viruses can kill people, animals and plants. Complete the descriptions
with the words below to find out some amazing facts about viruses.
insects • plants • people
• There are many types of flu virus. In 1918, there was a very
dangerous type of flu. It travelled quickly around the world and
killed between 20-100 million 1. … !
• The tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) affects 2. ... . Farmers hate it because
it destroys tobacco, tomatoes and other vegetables. But engineers
love this virus. They’re using it to create more efficient batteries.
• Some viruses are good for fruit and vegetables. Farmers use them to
kill 3. … , instead of using chemical insecticides.
Answers, page 123

119
 Culture 7
1 2

Super Blue whales make sounds

underwater and they are
The box jellyfish can kill
60 adult humans with the

Animals
louder than a jet aeroplane.
You can hear them from
a distance of over 800
kilometres!
toxin in its tentacles. Think
about that before you go
swimming in the ocean near
Australia!

4
Do you ever dream about being a record 3
11
holder? Well, some animals do it naturally. 4
Which prizes do you think the animals on
the right should get? Read about their
records and match the prizes to the animals.

rd H o l d e r
co c o rd Hol The rhinoceros beetle
Re d
Re

STRONG Loud can lift 850 times its own Tortoises can live longer
er

INSECT Mamm weight. That’s like a 70-kilo than any other animal.
al person lifting 595,000 kilos! In the 1770s, the British
explorer Captain Cook gave
c o rd Hol
the Tongan royal family a
Re
5 tortoise from Madagascar.
SMALL
de

The animal died in 1965, at

r

Re
cor
d Hol d
e
BIRD the age of 188!
rd H o l d e r
r

DANGEROUS co
Re

SEA ANImal OLD

ANIMAL
The Cuban hummingbird is
only five to six centimetres
Answers, page 123 long and weighs under two
grams.

Fact or Fiction?
Look at these common beliefs about animals. Which do you
think are fact and which are fiction? Check your answers below.
1 Bats can’t see. 2 Elephants are frightened of mice.
3 Pigs are dirty animals. 4 An elephant never forgets.

People think bats can’t see Elephants are frightened

because they use radar to b of small, quick animals,
a move around. But that isn’t
Super Eyes true. Bats haven’t got great
eyes, but they can see.
including mice.

How well do you think you can Elephants have got

see? Some animals have got better excellent memories. One
Pigs try to keep the area d elephant mother and
vision than you. For example, a around them clean. Also,
golden eagle can see a rabbit from c daughter remembered
they eat slowly, so they don’t each other after 23 years!
1.6 kilometres away! make a mess when they eat.

120
 Culture 8

4
New or Not?
Did you know that some of our “modern” inventions are actually very old? Put the
12
items below in order from old to new. Then read the texts and check your answers.
1. GPS 2. batteries 3. electric scooters

GPS Batteries The Electric Scooter

Most smartphones have got
GPS. This amazing invention
helps people all over the world
to find places. It’s very high-
tech, but it isn’t a completely
new idea. In 1932, drivers used
the Iter Avto to navigate roads.
The Iter Avto had a map in it. A
cable attached the map to the
car. When the car moved, the
map moved, too.
You probably think batteries are
a modern invention, because
many electronic items use
them. Well, look at the object
in the picture. Workers found it
near Baghdad in 1936. It’s the
Parthian battery, a 2,000-year-
old battery.
These days, everyone is looking
for new, green methods of
transport. For some people, this
is the electric scooter – another
old / new idea. The scooter in
the picture is from 1949. It had
a motor and it could travel 12.9
kilometres an hour with an
adult on it.

Answer, page 123

What is it?
The 1930s invention in the picture below is Amazing
Inventor
called a Cyclomer. What do you think it is?
Answer, page 123

Do you know who invented early versions

of the items in the pictures? Here are some
clues:
• He was born in 1452.
• He lived in a country the
shape of a boot.
• He was a vegetarian.
• He became very famous for
his paintings.
Answer, page 123

121
 Culture 9

4
13
It’s Just a Job
Some people have got very strange jobs. Read about these weird
jobs around the world. Where do you think they are from? Choose
the correct answer. Then match the descriptions to the pictures.
a

1
Pushers
You think you’ve got a difficult journey in the morning? Be happy you
don’t live in France / China / Japan. The cities in this country are
very crowded and so are the trains. Thousands of people try to get onto
each train and the doors won’t close. So there are special workers called
pushers. These workers push the people onto the trains and close the doors.
b
2
Bike Fishers
London / Amsterdam / Rome is a bicycle-friendly city. According
to some people, the city has got more bicycles than residents. So
what happens to all the old bikes? People throw them into the canals!
The bikes are a big problem for boats, so the city’s Water Authority c
pays people to remove them from the water. Every year, bike fishers
find between 12,000 and 15,000 old bicycles in the canals.

3
Professional Ear Cleaners
In Brazil / Iceland / India, you can get cheap (but not
professional) medical services on the streets. There are street
dentists and street doctors, and there are also street ear cleaners!
Ear cleaners usually learn their important job from their parents.

Answers, page 123

4
14
The Perfect Job
Some lucky people do their favourite activity at work.
Are any of these jobs right for you?
Professional Sleeper: Imagine a job where you can go to sleep!
Scientists pay people to sleep so that they can research the causes of
sleep problems.
Furniture Tester: Maybe you prefer sitting on a sofa all day. Furniture
manufacturers pay people to sit on their chairs and test them. These
hard workers sometimes test 200 armchairs and sofas a day!
When is a pilot Resort Waterslide Tester: These lucky people go on amusement park
rides all day to test their safety. They report on the height, speed
not a pilot? and water quantity. It’s an important job because the rides
Answer: When he’s a drone pilot. must be perfect.

Drone pilots fly small aeroplanes called drones,

but they don’t sit in them. They operate them
by remote control. In the future, there will
be many drones above our cities. When you
order a pizza or an item on the Internet, the
pilots will send it to your home in a drone.

122
 Answers to Culture Magazine
Culture 1, page 114 Culture 7, page 120
In the Classroom Super Animals
gyrocompass 1. Loud Mammal
2. Dangerous Sea Animal
Culture 2, page 115 3. Strong Insect
Famous People, Ordinary Jobs 4. Old Animal
1. b 5. Small Bird
2. a
3. c Culture 8, page 121
Who Did It? New or Not?
A. President Putin batteries
B. Brad Pitt GPS
C. George Clooney electric scooter
What is it?
Culture 3, page 116 A bicycle you can ride on land and on water.
Music of the World Amazing Inventor
1. a Leonardo Da Vinci
2. c
3. b Culture 9, page 122
4. d It’s Just a Job
Where’s It From? 1. China – c
1. b 2. Amsterdam – a
2. c 3. India – b
3. d
4. a

Culture 4, page 117

Dragons
Eastern dragons fly without wings.
Western dragons fly with big wings.
Who Is It?
St George and he is celebrated on St George’s Day.

Culture 5, page 118

What’s the Problem?
There isn’t any snow in the early winter now, so
predators can easily see the white hare in the
brown terrain.
Weather Talk
1. c
2. a
3. b

Culture 6, page 119

Watch Out for Germs
1. bacteria
2. virus
Amazing Virus Facts
1. people
2. plants
3. insects

123
 World Map

A R CA
T IRCC T I C
O C EO
AC NEAN
GREENLAND GREENLAND

R U S S I A R U S S I A

CANADA CANADA

ATLAANTTL IACN T I C
United States United States

O C EO
AC NEAN

WES
MEXICO MEXICO THE BAHAMAS THE BAHAMAS SAH

CUBA CUBA
DOM. REP. DOM. REP.
M
JAMAICA JAMAICA
BELIZE BELIZE
HAITI HAITI
HONDURAS HONDURAS
SEN
GUATEMALA GUATEMALA
EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA
EL SALVADOR NICARAGUA

PACP I FAI C
CI F I C COSTA RICA COSTA RICA
VENEZUELA VENEZUELA
PANAMA PANAMA

O C EO ACNEAN COLOMBIA
GUYANA

COLOMBIA
SURINAME
GUYANA
FRENCH GUIANA FRENCH GUIANA
SURINAME

ECUADOR ECUADOR

PERU PERU

BRAZIL BRAZIL
Samoa Samoa BOLIVIA BOLIVIA

PARAGUAY PARAGUAY

CHILE CHILE

ARGENTINA ARGENTINA

URUGUAY URUGUAY

antarctica

124
 A R CA
T IRCC T I C
O C EO
AC NEAN

SWEDEN SWEDEN
ICELAND ICELAND

FINLAND FINLAND
R U S S I A R U S S I A
NORWAY NORWAY

ESTONIA ESTONIA

scotland
DENMARK DENMARK LATVIA LATVIA
northern
ireland LITHUANIA LITHUANIA

england
THE NETHERLANDS
ireland THE NETHERLANDS
POLAND BELARUS
POLAND BELARUS

wales GERMANYBELGIUM GERMANY

BELGIUM
LUX. CZECH LUX. CZECH
SLOVAKIA UKRAINE
SLOVAKIA UKRAINE
KAZAKHSTAN KAZAKHSTAN
AUSTRIAHUNGARY MOLDOVA
AUSTRIA HUNGARY MOLDOVA
SWITZERLAND SWITZERLAND
SLOVENIA ROMANIA
SLOVENIA ROMANIA MONGOLIA MONGOLIA
FRANCE ITALYFRANCECROATIA
ITALY CROATIA
BOSNIA BOSNIA
SERBIA SERBIA
MONTENEGRO BULGARIA
MONTENEGRO BULGARIA UZBEKISTAN UZBEKISTAN
GEORGIA GEORGIA
MACEDONIA MACEDONIA KYRGYZSTAN KYRGYZSTAN
ALBANIA ALBANIA ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN ARMENIA AZERBAIJAN NORTH KOREA NORTH KOREA
PORTUGAL PORTUGAL TURKMENISTAN TURKMENISTAN
Spain GREECE GREECE
Balearic TURKEY TURKEY TAJIKISTAN TAJIKISTAN
Islands
SOUTH KOREA SOUTH KOREA
Ceuta SYRIA SYRIA
Melilla TUNISIA TUNISIA CYPRUS CYPRUS
LEBANON LEBANON
C H I N A C H I N A JAPAN JAPAN
MOROCCO MOROCCO ISRAEL ISRAEL AFGHANISTAN AFGHANISTAN
IRAQ IRAQ
IRAN IRAN
Canary JORDAN JORDAN
Islands
ALGERIA ALGERIA
KUWAIT KUWAIT NEPAL NEPAL
PAKISTAN PAKISTAN BHUTAN BHUTAN
STERN WESTERN

PACP I FAI C
CI F I C
HARA SAHARA LIBYA LIBYA egypt QATAR QATAR

U. A. E. U. A. E.
india india TAIWAN TAIWAN

O C EOACNEAN
SAUDI ARABIA SAUDI ARABIA MYANMAR MYANMAR
MAURITANIA MAURITANIA BANGLADESH
LAOS
BANGLADESH
LAOS
SUDAN SUDAN OMAN OMAN
NIGER NIGER
MALI MALI ERITREA YEMEN
ERITREA YEMEN
THAILAND VIETNAM
THAILAND VIETNAM
NEGAL SENEGAL CHAD CHAD
GAMBIA GAMBIA PHILIPPINES PHILIPPINES
CAMBODIA CAMBODIA
BURKINA BURKINA
NIGERIA NIGERIA DJIBOUTI DJIBOUTI
GUINEA GUINEA
BENIN BENIN
GHANA GHANA
SOMALIA SOMALIA
IVORY TOGO IVORY TOGO
COAST COAST CENTRAL AFRICAN CENTRAL AFRICAN
SRI LANKA SRI LANKA
ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIA
LIBERIA LIBERIA REPUBLIC REPUBLIC
CAMEROON CAMEROON BRUNEI BRUNEI
SIERRA SIERRA
LEONE LEONE GUINEA EQUATORIAL GUINEA
EQUATORIAL UGANDA UGANDA MALAYSIA MALAYSIA
SAO TOME & PRINCIPE SAO TOME & PRINCIPE
REPUBLIC OF REPUBLIC OF KENYA KENYA
GUINEA GUINEA CONGO CONGO
BISSAU BISSAU GABON GABON
CONGO RWANDA CONGO RWANDA
BURUNDI BURUNDI

TANZANIA TANZANIA I N D O I N N E DS OI N
A E S I PAPUA
A PAPUA
NEW GUINEA NEW GUINEA

COMOROS COMOROS
ANGOLA ANGOLA
ZAMBIA ZAMBIA
MALAWI MALAWI

FIJI FIJI

I N D I IANND I A N
NAMIBIA NAMIBIA
ZIMBABWE ZIMBABWE MADAGASCAR MADAGASCAR

BOTSWANA MOZAMBIQUE
BOTSWANA MOZAMBIQUEMAURITIUS MAURITIUS
NEW CALEDONIA NEW CALEDONIA

O C EO ACNEAN australia

SWAZILAND SWAZILAND

South LESOTHO
South LESOTHO
Africa Africa

new zeAland

antarctica

125