2019 Sir Ach

2019 National and Stat
Report
Acute Care Ho
Introduction: Welcome to the 2019 National and State HAI Progress Report using the 2015 baseline and risk adjustme
by comparing the number of observed infections to the number of predicted infections.
This report is created by CDC staff with the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN).
This workbook includes national and state-specific SIR data for acute care hospitals (ACHs).
Scope of report: HAI Types
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) by locations

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) by locations
Ventilator-associated events (VAE) by locations
Surgical site infections (SSI)- All procedures for adults and pediatrics
*(using
Surgical site infections
Complex Admission(SSI)- Adult procedures
Readmission only
(A/R) model)
(using Complex AR model)
Hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia

by facility-wide reporting
Hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile (CDI) by facility-wide reporting

*The Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) procedures plus 5 of the most reported procedures nationally.
tional and State HAI Progress
Report
Acute Care Hospitals
he 2015 baseline and risk adjustment calculations. Standardized infection ratios (SIRs) are used to describe different HAI types
dicted infections.
y Network (NHSN).
care hospitals (ACHs).
ACH
National State
þ þ
þ þ
þ þ
þ
þ
þ þ
þ þ
t reported procedures nationally.
erent HAI types
Characteristics of Acute Care Hospitals Reporting to the National Healt
Table 1. Characteristics of acute care hospitals reporting to NHSN, 2019

Characteristics
Number of facilities reporting to NHSN1
Total number of hospital admissions
Median number of all inpatient beds
Mean number of all inpatient beds
Median number of ICU beds
Mean number of ICU beds
Number of Infection Preventionists
Mean number of full time epidemiologists
Table 1. Number of reporting facilities by type, NHSN

Type of hospital
Children's hospitals
General hospitals
Military hospitals
Oncology hospitals
Orthopedic hospitals
Psychiatric hospitals
Surgical hospitals
Veteran Administration hospitals
Women's hospitals
Women and Children hospitals
Table 2. Total No. (%) of facilities affiliated with medical by type, NHSN 2019
Type of medical school affiliation
Number of Facilities Not Affiliated with Medical Schools
Number of Facilities Affiliated with Medical Schools
By Type:
Graduate Medical School
Major Teaching School
Undergraduate Medical School
1. Data displayed in above tables are gathered from the annual facility survey. The deadline for submiting the 2019 a
Based on this extension, the number of reporting facilities displayed may be different than what is expressed after th
itals Reporting to the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), 2019 1
of acute care hospitals reporting to NHSN, 2019

2019 Statistics
3,837
38,021,971
134
189.18
14
28.46
6,822
0.41
Table 1. Number of reporting facilities by type, NHSN 2019

No. (%) Median No. of beds Mean No. of beds
94 (2.45) 154.5 184.88
3,336 (86.94) 147 200.95
34 (0.89) 56 83.85
19 (0.50) 88 152.58
29 (0.76) 37 44.69
56 (1.46) 91 122.02
117 (3.05) 23 36.6
122 (3.18) 89 117
14 (0.36) . .
16 (0.42) 207.5 214.19
cilities affiliated with medical by type, NHSN 2019

No. (%)
1,479 (38.55)
2,358 (61.45)
587 (24.89)
1,223 (51.87)
548 (23.24)
annual facility survey. The deadline for submiting the 2019 annual facility survey was extende during the preparation of this report.
s displayed may be different than what is expressed after the extension is complete.
on of this report.
2019 Annual National and State HAI Progress Report
Acute Care Hospitals: Full series of tables for all national and state-specific data
Tables included in this report:
Table 1 Characteristics of NHSN Acute Care Hospitals reporting to NHSN by state

1a. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI)
1b. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)
1c. Ventilator-associated events (VAE), including Infection-related ventilator-associated condition and possible ventilator-associated pneumonia (IVAC-Plus)
1d. Surgical site infections (SSI)-COLO
1d. Surgical site infections (SSI)-HYST
1e. Hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia
1f. Hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile (CDI)
1g. Table 1 Footnotes
Table 2 National standardized infection ratios (SIRs)

2a. CLABSI, CAUTI, and VAE from Acute Care Hospitals
2b. Hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia and hospital-onset CDI from Acute Care Hospitals
2c. Adult SSIs from all NHSN procedure categories from Acute Care Hospitals
2d. Pediatric SSIs from all NHSN procedure categories from Acute Care Hospitals
Table 3 State-specific SIRs for CLABSI from Acute Care Hospitals

3a. All locations combined
3b. Critical care locations only
3c. Ward (non-critical care) locations only
3d. Neonatal critical care locations only
Table 4 State-specific SIRs for CAUTI from Acute Care Hospitals

4a. All locations combined
4b. Critical care locations only
4c. Ward (non-critical care) locations only
Table 5 State-specific SIRs for VAE from Acute Care Hospitals

5a. VAE, all locations combined
5b. VAE, critical care locations only
5c. VAE, ward (non-critical care) locations only
Table 6 State-specific SIRs for Adult SSI from Acute Care Hospitals
6a. Colon surgery
6b. Abdominal hysterectomy surgery
6c. Hip arthroplasty
6d. Knee arthroplasty
6e. Rectal surgery
6f. Vaginal hysterectomy
6g. Coronary artery bypass graft
6h. Other cardiac surgery
6i. Peripheral vascular bypass surgery
6j. Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
6k. Cesarean section surgery
6l. Spinal fusion surgery
6m. Laminectomy surgery
6n. Gallbladder surgery
6o. Open reduction of fracture
Table 7 State-specific SIRs for hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia from Acute Care Hospitals
Table 8 State-specific SIRs for hospital-onset CDI from Acute Care Hospitals
Table 9 Changes in national SIRs for CLABSI, CAUTI, VAE, SSI, hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia, and hospital-onset CDI between 2018 and 2019 from Acute Care Hospitals
Table 10 Changes in state-specific SIRs between 2018 and 2019 from Acute Care Hospitals
10a. CLABSI, all locations combined
10b. CAUTI, all locations combined
10c. VAE, all locations, combined
10d. SSI, colon surgery
10e. SSI, abdominal hysterectomy surgery
10f. Hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia
10g. Hospital-onset CDI
Appendix A Factors used in NHSN risk adjustment of the device-associated HAIs (CLABSI, CAUTI, VAE, IVAC-Plus) negative binomial regression models from Acute Care Hospitals
Appendix B Factors used in NHSN risk adjustment of the MRSA Bacteremia and C.difficile negative binomial regression models from Acute Care Hospitals
Appendix C List of NHSN procedures included in this report with predictive risk factors from the NHSN Complex Admission/Re-admission SSI Logistic Regression, Adults ≥ 18 years of age
Appendix D List of NHSN procedures included in this report with predictive risk factors from the NHSN Complex Admission/Re-admission SSI Logistic Regression, Pediatrics < 18 years of age
Appendix E List of NHSN procedures and corresponding SCIP procedures included in this report with factors used in the NHSN risk adjustment of the Complex Admission/Readmission Model, Adults ≥ 18 years of age
Additional Resources SIR Guide

Technical Appendix
HAI Progress Report Home Page
Table 1a-CLABSI
Table 1. Characteristics of NHSN Acute Care Hospitals reporting to NHSN by State 1, 2019:
1a. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI)2
2019
Inpatient Locations (n)2
No. of Acute
State NHSN Any Care Hospitals
State Mandate3 Validation 4
Reporting5 Total ICU Wards2 NICU6
Alabama Yes Yesa 79 615 260 300 55
Alaska 9 67 28 35 4
Arizona 66 524 202 254 68
Arkansas 50 372 151 185 36
California Yes Yes 338 3,046 1,239 1,314 493
Colorado Yes Yes 55 460 175 212 73
Connecticut Yes No 32 273 106 123 44
D.C. 8 81 28 29 24
Delaware 8 72 32 32 8
Florida No Yes 211 1,849 799 818 232
Georgia 102 889 360 394 135
Guam 2 . . . .
Hawaii 17 133 60 65 8
Idaho 14 140 48 56 36
Illinois 133 1,149 483 520 146
Indiana Yes Yes 94 730 286 347 97
Iowa No No 37 307 121 144 42
Kansas No No 54 364 141 190 33
Kentucky Yes No 71 587 250 277 60
Louisiana 94 722 267 352 103
Maine Yes No 19 129 51 70 8
Maryland Yes Yes 48 425 172 191 62
Massachusetts Yes Yes 69 543 240 263 40
Michigan 97 788 331 377 80
Minnesota Yes Yes 50 347 121 184 42
Mississippi 52 418 166 198 54
Missouri 77 664 279 302 83
Montana No No 14 113 40 53 20
Nebraska 25 184 66 89 29
Nevada Yes No 28 223 78 105 40
New Hampshire Yes No 13 115 52 52 11
New Jersey Yes No 72 657 284 284 89
New Mexico Yes No 29 228 99 113 16
New York 168 1,492 624 662 206
North Carolina Yes No 97 810 327 386 97
North Dakota No No 9 81 24 33 24
Ohio No Yes 141 1,108 487 545 76
Oklahoma 79 508 190 291 27
Oregon Yes Yes 35 303 128 139 36
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 167 1,361 552 640 169
Puerto Rico 14 101 44 46 11
Rhode Island No Yes 10 80 36 40 4
South Carolina Yes Yes 63 489 215 239 35
South Dakota No Yes 16 112 40 60 12
Tennessee Yes Yesa 99 780 319 376 85
Texas Yes Yes 339 2,691 987 1,231 473
Utah 36 306 117 140 49
Vermont Yes Yes 6 43 16 23 4
Virgin Islands 2 . . . .
Virginia Yes Yes 83 729 297 326 106
Washington Yes Yes 58 487 192 231 64
West Virginia Yes No 29 245 112 110 23
Wisconsin No Yes 73 620 263 287 70
Wyoming No No 11 79 39 40 0
All US 3,602 29,669 12,039 13,784 3,846
Page 10
Table 1b-CAUTI
Table 1. Characteristics of NHSN Acute Care Hospitals reporting to NHSN by State1, 2019:
1b. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI)2
2019
No. of Acute
State NHSN Any Care Hospitals
State Mandate3 Validation4 Reporting5 Total ICU Wards2
Alabama Yes Yesa 87 614 271 343
Alaska 9 64 28 36
Arizona 67 465 202 263
Arkansas 49 347 157 190
California No No 335 2,548 1241 1307
Colorado Yes Yes 53 383 174 209
Connecticut Yes No 33 232 106 126
D.C. 8 57 28 29
Delaware 8 64 32 32
Florida No Yes 211 1,616 795 821
Georgia 107 786 364 422
Guam 2 . . .
Hawaii 17 128 60 68
Idaho 16 111 48 63
Illinois 134 1,013 490 523
Indiana Yes Yes 93 645 289 356
Iowa No No 39 280 126 154
Kansas No No 55 358 143 215
Kentucky Yes No 71 531 252 279
Louisiana 101 656 274 382
Maine No No 19 123 52 71
Maryland Yes Yes 48 364 172 192
Massachusetts Yes Yes 69 512 241 271
Michigan 98 717 329 388
Minnesota Yes Yes 51 308 124 184
Mississippi Yes Yes 58 386 163 223
Missouri 78 587 280 307
Montana No No 13 92 40 52
Page 11
Table 1b-CAUTI
Nebraska 25 160 64 96
Nevada No No 28 186 78 108
New Hampshire M No 13 104 52 52
New Jersey Yes No 72 568 284 284
New Mexico No No 30 217 99 118
New York 168 1,296 628 668
North Carolina Yes No 98 719 328 391
North Dakota No No 9 58 24 34
Ohio No Yes 144 1,040 488 552
Oklahoma 82 506 196 310
Oregon Yes Yes 35 268 128 140
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 178 1,243 560 683
Puerto Rico 14 95 45 50
Rhode Island No Yes 10 76 36 40
South Carolina No No 62 457 215 242
South Dakota No Yes 20 117 40 77
Tennessee Yes Yes 100 705 318 387
Texas Yes Yes 359 2,325 993 1332
Utah 36 260 119 141
Vermont No No 6 39 16 23
Virgin Islands 2 . . .
Virginia Yes Yes 83 627 300 327
Washington No No 60 432 192 240
West Virginia Yes No 30 228 114 114
Wisconsin No Yes 73 553 263 290
Wyoming No No 12 84 39 45
All US 3,678 26,376 12,115 14,261
Page 12
Table 1c-VAE
1c. Ventilator-associated events (VAE)
2019
No. of Acute Care

State NHSN Any Hospitals
State Mandate3 Validation4 Reporting5 Total ICU Wards2
Alabama No No 45 95 75 20
Alaska 6 7 3 4
Arizona 31 50 43 7
Arkansas 21 32 31 1
California No No 195 450 340 110
Colorado No No 43 75 60 15
Connecticut No No 14 27 20 7
D.C. 4 . . .
Delaware 3 . . .
Florida No No 130 266 235 31
Georgia 73 164 138 26
Guam 2 . . .
Hawaii 6 7 6 1
Idaho 7 10 10
Illinois 68 131 94 37
Indiana No No 62 91 79 12
Iowa No No 15 18 17 1
Kansas No No 33 46 39 7
Kentucky Yes No 46 91 81 10
Louisiana 44 94 64 30
Maine No No 15 23 17 6
Maryland M No 21 39 29 10
Massachusetts No No 24 50 41 9
Michigan 70 144 121 23
Minnesota No No 13 21 14 7
Mississippi No No 29 48 43 5
Missouri 42 97 82 15
Montana No No 5 5 5 .
Page 13
Table 1c-VAE
Nebraska 13 20 16 4
Nevada No No 21 81 41 40
New Hampshire No No 11 11 11 .
New Jersey No No 54 125 92 33
New Mexico No No 17 20 17 3
New York 127 398 241 157
North Carolina No No 45 80 67 13
North Dakota No No 2 . . .
Ohio No Yes 95 265 161 104
Oklahoma 28 40 34 6
Oregon No No 26 35 31 4
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 142 366 258 108
Puerto Rico 11 40 15 25
Rhode Island No Yes 8 17 13 4
South Carolina Yes Yes 55 116 95 21
South Dakota No No 8 15 9 6
Tennessee No No 52 134 98 36
Texas No No 154 277 226 51
Utah 9 13 13 .
Vermont No No 1 . . .
Virginia No No 64 127 107 20
Washington No No 18 24 21 3
West Virginia No No 16 30 21 9
Wisconsin No No 54 75 67 8
Wyoming No No 6 6 6 .
All US 2,105 4,423 3,367 1,056
Page 14
Table 1. Characteristics of NHSN Acute Care Hospitals reporting to NHSN by State 1, 2019:
1d. Surgical site infections7
2019
No. of Acute Care

State NHSN Any Hospitals Reporting No. of Procedures7 colon
State Mandate3 Validation colon surgeries in adults
4 5
surgeries in adults
Alabama Yes Yes 66 6,058
Alaska 7 665
Arizona 52 6,992
Arkansas 39 3,141
California Yes Yes 305 30,434
Colorado Yes Yes 50 5,394
Connecticut Yes No 28 3,749
D.C. 7 1,094
Delaware 7 1,202
Florida No Yes 193 26,497
Georgia 85 11,361
Guam 1 .
Hawaii 13 1,024
Idaho 14 1,447
Illinois 125 11,704
Indiana No No 80 7,190
Iowa No Yes 34 3,021
Kansas No Yes 39 3,271
Kentucky Yes No 64 5,811
Louisiana 69 5,075
Maine No No 17 1,670
Maryland No Yes 45 5,825
Massachusetts Yes Yes 58 7,359
Michigan 89 11,341
Minnesota Yes Yes 48 5,513
Mississippi Yes Yes 41 3,450
Missouri 68 7,935
Montana No No 12 926
Nebraska 21 2,009
Nevada No No 20 2,639
New Hampshire Yes No 13 1,418
New Jersey Yes No 71 8,608
New Mexico No No 25 1,425
New York 160 19,058
North Carolina Yes No 87 11,960
North Dakota No Yes 7 960
Ohio No Yes 124 15,130
Oklahoma 50 4,226
Oregon Yes Yes 33 4,224
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 149 15,962
Puerto Rico 2 .
Rhode Island No Yes 10 1,115
South Carolina Yes Yes 56 5,256
South Dakota No Yes 15 1,152
Tennessee Yes Yes 83 9,058
Texas Yes Yes 263 26,340
Utah 33 2,135
Vermont No Yes 6 443
Virgin Islands 2 .
Virginia Yes Yes 72 8,316
Washington Yes Yesa 48 6,504
West Virginia Yes No 27 2,210
Wisconsin No Yes 70 6,000
Wyoming No No 10 252
All US 3,113 335,641
1d. Surgical site infections7
2019
No. of Acute Care

Hospitals Reporting No. of Procedures7
State NHSN Any hysterectomy surgeries abdominal hysterectomy
State Mandate3 Validation4 in adults5 surgeries in adults
Alabama Yes Yes 54 7,666
Alaska 7 743
Arizona 48 8,386
Arkansas 37 3,781
California Yes Yes 292 27,506
Colorado Yes Yes 47 8,097
Connecticut Yes No 26 4,029
D.C. 6 752
Delaware 7 1,310
Florida No Yes 180 28,111
Georgia 84 15,535
Guam 1 .
Hawaii 11 687
Idaho 14 2,170
Illinois 119 13,876
Indiana No No 75 9,221
Iowa No Yes 33 4,163
Kansas No Yes 36 3,951
Kentucky Yes No 56 6,205
Louisiana 70 7,562
Maine No No 18 1,556
Maryland No Yes 37 5,886
Massachusetts Yes Yes 49 5,486
Michigan 83 12,614
Minnesota Yes Yes 47 5,640
Mississippi Yes Yes 40 5,242
Missouri 63 9,396
Montana No No 12 1,490
Nebraska 21 2,553
Nevada No No 17 2,945
New Hampshire Yes No 13 1,248
New Jersey Yes No 64 7,528
New Mexico No No 24 2,241
New York 152 18,311
North Carolina Yes No 85 13,045
North Dakota No Yes 7 547
Ohio No Yes 118 15,422
Oklahoma 57 6,622
Oregon Yes Yes 33 5,061
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 132 15,191
Puerto Rico 3 .
Rhode Island No Yes 10 1,403
South Carolina Yes Yes 48 7,611
South Dakota No Yes 15 1,414
Tennessee Yes Yes 73 11,356
Texas Yes Yes 270 42,458
Utah 33 4,177
Vermont Yes Yes 6 457
Virgin Islands 2 .
Virginia Yes Yes 65 10,745
Washington Yes Yes 50 8,249
West Virginia Yes No 25 3,058
Wisconsin No Yes 65 7,729
Wyoming No No 9 330
All US 2,949 391,073
1e. Hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia8
2019
State NHSN Any
State Mandate3 Validation4 No. of Acute Care Hospitals Reporting5
Alabama No Yesa 89
Alaska 8
Arizona 68
Arkansas 51
California Yes Yes 342
Colorado 55
Connecticut Yes No 31
D.C. 8
Delaware 8
Florida No Yes 212
Georgia 107
Guam 2
Hawaii 17
Idaho 16
Illinois 136
Indiana No No 96
Iowa No No 38
Kansas No Yes 57
Kentucky Yes No 71
Louisiana 100
Maine Yes No 19
Maryland Yes Yes 48
Massachusetts Yes Yes 70
Michigan 100
Minnesota Yes Yes 51
Mississippi Yes Yes 61
Missouri 77
Montana No No 14
Nebraska 26
Nevada Yes No 26
New Hampshire No No 13
New Jersey Yes No 72
New Mexico Yes No 34
New York 177
North Carolina Yes Yes 100
North Dakota No No 10
Ohio No Yes 147
Oklahoma 85
Oregon Yes Yes 35
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 175
Puerto Rico 4
Rhode Island No Yes 10
South Carolina Yes Yes 63
South Dakota No Yes 21
Tennessee Yes Yes 105
Texas No No 364
Utah 37
Vermont No Yes 6
Virgin Islands 2
Virginia Yes Yes 80
Washington No No 58
West Virginia Yes No 31
Wisconsin No No 74
Wyoming No No 12
All US 3,719
1f. Hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile8
2019
State NHSN Any

State Mandate3 Validation4 No. of Acute Care Hospitals Reporting5
Alabama No Yesa 89
Alaska 8
Arizona 68
Arkansas 51
California Yes Yes 339
Colorado 57
Connecticut Yes No 31
D.C 8
Delaware 8
Florida No Yes 212
Georgia 108
Guam 2
Hawaii 17
Idaho 16
Illinois 136
Indiana No No 96
Iowa No No 39
Kansas No Yes 58
Kentucky Yes No 71
Louisiana 101
Maine Yes No 19
Maryland Yes Yes 48
Massachusetts Yes Yes 70
Michigan 100
Minnesota Yes Yes 51
Mississippi Yes Yes 62
Missouri 77
Montana No No 14
Nebraska 26
Nevada No No 28
New Hampshire No No 13
New Jersey Yes No 72
New Mexico Yes No 34
New York 178
North Carolina Yes No 100
North Dakota No No 10
Ohio No Yes 148
Oklahoma 85
Oregon Yes Yes 35
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 175
Puerto Rico 8
Rhode Island No Yes 10
South Carolina Yes Yes 63
South Dakota No Yes 21
Tennessee Yes Yes 105
Texas No No 366
Utah 38
Vermont Yes Yes 6
Virgin Islands 2
Virginia Yes Yes 82
Washington Yes Yes 58
West Virginia Yes No 31
Wisconsin No No 74
Wyoming No No 12
All US 3,736
Footnotes for Tables 1a-1f:
1. United States, Washington, D.C., Guam, Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands
2. Data included in this table are from 2019 from acute care facility ICUs (critical care units), NICUs (CLABSI only, see footnote 7), and ward plus (for this report wards also include step-down, mixed acuity
and specialty care areas [hematology/oncology, bone marrow transplant]). Long-term acute care facilities and locations, inpatient rehabilitation facilities and locations, dialysis facilities
and locations, and long term care facilities (skilled nursing facilities) are not included in Table 1.
3. Yes indicates that a legislative or regulatory requirement (“state mandate”) for acute care hospitals to report data for the given HAI type to the state health department or hospital association via NHSN
was in effect at the beginning of the year. If no state mandate existed at the beginning of each year, but was implemented at some time during the year, the value of this column is "M" for midyear implementation.
No indicates that a state mandate did not exist during the years included in this report, a blank field indicates data not available.
4. Yes indicates that the state health department reported the completion of all of the following validation activities for NHSN data during that year: state health department had access to NHSN data, state health department performed an
assessment of missing or implausible values on at least six months of the year's data prior to the freeze date of July 1, 2020 for 2019 data, and state health department contacted identified facilities.
YesA indicates that the state also conducted an audit of facility medical or laboratory records prior to July 1, 2020 for 2019 data to confirm proper case ascertainment (although intensity of auditing activities
varies by state). Information on validation efforts was requested from all states,
regardless of the presence of a legislative mandate for the particular HAI type. Some states without mandatory reporting of a given HAI to the state health department have performed
validation on NHSN data that is voluntarily shared with them by facilities in their jurisdiction.
5. The number of facilities reporting at least one month of "in-plan" data to NHSN
6. NICU locations included are those classified by NHSN CDC location codes as Level II/III and Level III neonatal critical care areas. A Level II/III neonatal critical care area is defined by NHSN as
a combined nursery housing both Level II and III newborns and infants. A Level III neonatal critical care area is defined by NHSN as a hospital NICU organized with personnel and equipment to
provide continuous life support and comprehensive care for extremely high-risk newborn infants and those with complex and critical illness.
7. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following inpatient procedures within colon and abdominal hysterectomy surgeries,
detected during the same admission as the surgical procedure or upon readmission to the same facility. This is the crude number of procedures with no considerations to the universal exclusion criteria.
8. Hospital-onset is defined as event detected on the 4th day (or later) after admission to an inpatient location within the facility.
No. of Acute Care Hospitals Total Patient
HAI and Patient Population Reporting1 Days
CLABSI, all5 3,602 134,610,761

ICUs6 3,079 19,025,312
Wards7 3,565 109,336,686
NICUs8 1,006 6,248,763
CAUTI, all9 3,678 133,246,735

ICUs6 3,081 19,038,935
Wards7 3,649 114,207,800
VAE, all9 2,028 14,080,873

ICUs6 1,983 10,963,369
Wards7 351 3,117,504
1. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. Due to SIR exclusion criteria, this may be different from the
2. Risk factors used in the calculation of the number of predicted device-associated infections are listed in Appendix A.
3. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted infection (event) that had an SIR significantly greater than or less than the nom
4. Facility-specific percentiles are only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted HAI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted n
5. Data from all ICUs, wards (and other non-critical care locations), and NICUs.
6. Data from all ICUs; excludes wards (and other non-critical care locations) and NICUs. VAE includes only adult locations, per
7. Data from all wards (for this table wards also include step-down and specialty care areas [including hematology/oncology, bo
8. Data from all NICU locations, including Level II/III and Level III nurseries. Both umbilical line and central line-associated bloo
9. Data from all ICUs and wards (and other non-critical care locations). This excludes NICUs. VAE includes only adult locations
IVAC-plus includes those events identified as infection-related ventilator-associated condition (IVAC) and possible ventilator-
Total Device
Days No. of Infections (Events) 95% CI for SIR
Observed Predicted2 SIR Lower Upper
26,015,901 18,009 26,148.990 0.689 0.679 0.699

8,499,103 6,769 9,247.020 0.732 0.715 0.750
16,192,862 10,129 15,077.240 0.672 0.659 0.685
1,323,936 1,111 1,824.750 0.609 0.574 0.645
23,169,556 19,398 26,182.610 0.741 0.731 0.751

9,250,055 8,436 12,590.120 0.670 0.656 0.684
13,919,501 10,962 13,592.500 0.806 0.792 0.822
3,661,971 24,724 25,566.341 0.967 0.955 0.979

3,440,827 23,952 24,633.192 0.972 0.960 0.985
221,144 772 933.149 0.827 0.770 0.887
may be different from the numbers shown in Table 1. These tables contain data from acute care hospitals; as such, they exclude data from L
d in Appendix A.
han or less than the nominal value of the national SIR for the given HAI type. This is only calculated if at least 10 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predic
If a facility’s predicted number of HAIs was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither calculated nor included in the distribution of facility-spec
only adult locations, per surveillance definition..

hematology/oncology, bone marrow transplant]). VAE includes only adult locations, per surveillance definition.
tral line-associated bloodstream infections are considered CLABSIs.
udes only adult locations, per surveillance definition.
) and possible ventilator-associated pneumonia (pVAP). IVAC-plus events are a subset of the total VAE, meaning the IVAC-plus events are
Table 2a. National standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific summary SIRs using HAI data reported to N
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and ve
Facility-specific SIRs
No. Facilities with ≥1 No. Facilities with SIR No. Facilities with SIR
Predicted Infection (Event) Significantly > National SIR Significantly < National SIR 5%
N %3 N %3
2,324 198 9% 175 8% 0.000
1,653 94 6% 69 4% 0.000
1,984 134 7% 109 5% 0.000
427 20 5% 16 4% 0.000
2,516 201 8% 183 7% 0.000

1,863 130 7% 74 4% 0.000
2,179 147 7% 110 5% 0.000
1,527 326 21% 361 24% 0.000

1,505 317 21% 355 24% 0.000
174 17 10% 20 11% 0.000
ute care hospitals; as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs.
only calculated if at least 10 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predicted HAI in 2019.

culated nor included in the distribution of facility-specific SIRs.
surveillance definition.
t of the total VAE, meaning the IVAC-plus events are included in the total VAE SIR as well.
s using HAI data reported to NHSN during 2019 by facility type, HAI, and patient population:
ract infections (CAUTIs) and ventilator-associated events (VAE)
Percentile Distribution of Facility-specific SIRs4

Median
10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55%
0.000 0.095 0.216 0.299 0.364 0.431 0.487 0.548 0.605 0.663
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.251 0.339 0.421 0.483 0.555 0.616 0.704
0.000 0.000 0.089 0.231 0.316 0.372 0.430 0.499 0.561 0.638
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.179 0.256 0.332 0.433 0.524 0.602
0.000 0.192 0.291 0.368 0.438 0.495 0.556 0.617 0.669 0.716
0.000 0.000 0.131 0.251 0.325 0.404 0.479 0.541 0.601 0.664
0.000 0.000 0.258 0.357 0.439 0.506 0.570 0.636 0.700 0.769
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.137 0.285 0.428 0.572 0.714 0.826 0.957
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.138 0.285 0.428 0.573 0.719 0.830 0.968
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.228 0.311 0.402 0.507 0.627
cility-specific SIRs4
60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95%
0.733 0.790 0.862 0.955 1.056 1.203 1.455 1.844

0.778 0.854 0.925 1.027 1.200 1.372 1.643 1.932
0.702 0.774 0.854 0.953 1.057 1.221 1.468 1.864
0.673 0.762 0.827 0.918 1.018 1.201 1.533 1.836
0.785 0.849 0.929 1.011 1.130 1.277 1.474 1.825

0.738 0.810 0.887 0.984 1.111 1.282 1.507 1.863
0.825 0.905 0.990 1.117 1.241 1.391 1.643 1.928
1.085 1.239 1.369 1.566 1.727 1.951 2.240 2.796

1.086 1.244 1.374 1.572 1.736 1.973 2.266 2.817
0.722 0.788 0.950 1.153 1.269 1.547 1.961 2.492
HAI and Patient Population Reporting Hospitals
No. of Acute Care

Hospitals Total
Reporting1 Admissions2
Laboratory-identified MRSA bacteremia, facility-wide 3,698 37,247,569
Laboratory-identified C. difficile, facility-wide 3,702 33,973,264
2. Total inpatient admissions reported from all inpatient locations, excluding counts from CMS-certified inpatient rehabilitation a
3. Total patient days reported from all inpatient units, excluding counts from CMS-certified rehabilitation and psychiatric location
4. Community-onset events are defined as those that were identified in an inpatient location on the first, second, or third day of
5. Hospital-onset events are defined as those that were identified as an incident event in an inpatient location on the 4th day (o
6. Calculated from a negative binomial regression model. Risk factors used in the calculation of the number of predicted events
7. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted event that had an SIR significantly greater than or less than the nominal value
8. Percentile distribution of facility-specific SIRs. This is only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted HAI in 2019. If
Table 2b. National standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-spec
Laboratory-identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) ba
Reporting Hospitals Standardized Infection Ratio Data

95% CI for SIR
Inpatient Predicted
Total Patient Community-onset Hospital-onset Hospital-onset
Days3 events4 events5 events6 SIR
Lower
159,884,986 19,265 8,131 9,952.621 0.817 0.799
146,950,807 79,491 54,282 93,184.432 0.583 0.578
eria, this may be different from the numbers shown in Table 1.

S-certified inpatient rehabilitation and inpatient psychiatric locations. Admissions for C.difficile further excludes counts from NICUs and well-
habilitation and psychiatric locations. Patient days for C.difficile further excludes counts from NICUs and well-baby units.
on the first, second, or third day of a patient's admission to the facility. For C.difficile, this excluded events in which the patient was recently
npatient location on the 4th day (or later) after admission to the facility.
of the number of predicted events are listed in Appendix B.
han or less than the nominal value of the national SIR for the given HAI type. This is only calculated if at least 10 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predict
had ≥1.0 predicted HAI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of events was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither calculated nor include
n ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR distributions using HAI data reported to NHSN during 2019:
phylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia and Clostridioides difficile (C.difficile) in Acute Care Hospitals
Data Facility SIRs Compared to National SIR

95% CI for SIR
No. Facilities with
≥1 Predicted No. Facilities with SIR No. Facilities with SIR
Event Significantly > National SIR Significantly < National SIR 5%
Upper N %7 N %7
0.835 1,934 112 6% 47 2% 0.000
0.587 3,197 392 12% 476 15% 0.000
des counts from NICUs and well-baby units.

ell-baby units.
in which the patient was recently discharged from the reporting facility in the previous 4 weeks.
east 10 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predicted HAI in 2019.

was neither calculated nor included in the distribution of facility-specific SIRs.
10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55%
0.000 0.000 0.270 0.378 0.442 0.508 0.578 0.647 0.718 0.789
0.069 0.179 0.242 0.296 0.344 0.384 0.427 0.474 0.512 0.556
Facility-specific SIRs8
60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95%
0.854 0.921 0.996 1.122 1.275 1.470 1.691 2.059
0.599 0.648 0.702 0.754 0.814 0.907 1.017 1.245

Table 2c
Surgical Procedure No. of Acute Care No. of

Hospitals Reporting 2 Procedures
US, all NHSN procedures 3,329 3,056,169

US, SCIP procedures only5 3,304 1,858,820
AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair5 226 1,044

AMP Limb amputation 212 14,346
APPY Appendix surgery 465 42,181
AVSD Shunt for dialysis 143 2,088
BILI Bile duct, liver or pancreatic surgery 355 12,295
BRST Breast surgery 309 25,359
CARD Cardiac surgery5 416 43,955
CABG Coronary artery bypass graft5,6 745 127,803
CEA Carotid endarterectomy 307 10,968
CHOL Gallbladder surgery 491 73,092
COLO Colon surgery5 3,108 327,573
CRAN Craniotomy 227 43,024
CSEC Cesarean section 548 278,123
FUSN Spinal fusion 836 219,535
FX Open reduction of fracture 476 62,118
GAST Gastric surgery 450 37,818
HER Herniorrhaphy 302 22,922
HPRO Hip arthroplasty5 2,219 421,386
HTP Heart transplant 33 973
HYST Abdominal hysterectomy5 2,925 334,530
KPRO Knee arthroplasty5 2,146 568,294
KTP Kidney transplant 47 5,686
LAM Laminectomy 646 114,463
LTP Liver transplant 37 2,263
NECK Neck surgery 107 2,856
NEPH Kidney surgery 304 11,892
OVRY Ovarian surgery 415 27,052
PACE Pacemaker surgery 335 24,016
PRST Prostate surgery 144 5,547
PVBY Peripheral vascular bypass surgery5 333 10,439
REC Rectal surgery5 385 9,466
SB Small bowel surgery 471 42,881
SPLE Spleen surgery 273 2,914
THOR Thoracic surgery 379 33,728
THYR Thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery 167 5,694
VHYS Vaginal hysterectomy5 664 14,330
VSHN Ventricular shunt 140 4,671
XLAP Abdominal surgery 470 68,844
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following inpatient procedures that occurred in
3. Risk factors used in the calculation of the number of predicted SSIs are listed in Appendix C.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted infection that had an SIR significantly greater than or less than the nominal va
5. These procedures were presented in previous versions of the HAI Progress Report and follow select inpatient surgical proce
and the corresponding SCIP procedures are listed in Appendix E.
6. Coronary artery bypass graft includes procedures with either chest only or chest and donor site incisions.
7. Facility-specific percentiles are only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predicted SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted n
Table 2c. National standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific summary SIRs for adult su
No. of Infections 95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs

Observed Predicted3 SIR Lower Upper No. Facilities with ≥1 No. Facilities with SIR
Predicted Infection Significantly > National SIR
N
22,474 24,120.708 0.932 0.920 0.944 2,483 210
15,620 17,119.426 0.912 0.898 0.927 2,404 185
6 7.099 0.845 0.343 1.758 0 .

97 68.173 1.423 1.160 1.728 27 3
114 166.405 0.685 0.568 0.820 39 0
8 5.429 1.474 0.684 2.798 0 .
296 353.682 0.837 0.746 0.936 69 4
222 278.168 0.798 0.698 0.908 80 5
143 177.674 0.805 0.681 0.945 59 2
772 991.956 0.778 0.725 0.835 352 14
14 9.310 1.504 0.856 2.463 0 .
277 290.617 0.953 0.846 1.071 101 4
7,256 8,482.246 0.855 0.836 0.875 1,810 106
569 469.233 1.213 1.116 1.315 107 9
547 528.843 1.034 0.950 1.124 158 10
1,729 1,671.782 1.034 0.986 1.084 396 39
487 464.276 1.049 0.959 1.145 132 5
199 265.233 0.750 0.651 0.860 90 2
169 176.624 0.957 0.821 1.110 50 1
2,782 2,737.087 1.016 0.979 1.055 859 61
11 13.325 0.826 0.434 1.435 3 .
2,157 2,202.639 0.979 0.939 1.021 669 45
2,156 2,059.366 1.047 1.003 1.092 699 36
50 34.801 1.437 1.078 1.879 14 1
438 422.899 1.036 0.942 1.136 127 4
75 110.232 0.680 0.539 0.848 24 3
60 65.824 0.912 0.702 1.165 14 1
59 39.244 1.503 1.155 1.926 3 .
15 19.390 0.774 0.450 1.247 0 .
54 42.290 1.277 0.969 1.654 2 .
35 14.422 2.427 1.717 3.338 0 .
211 215.924 0.977 0.852 1.116 77 5
70 163.966 0.427 0.335 0.536 38 1
745 868.219 0.858 0.798 0.921 223 8
35 17.847 1.961 1.387 2.697 0 .
91 134.551 0.676 0.548 0.826 32 1
6 4.555 1.317 0.534 2.740 0 .
67 81.469 0.822 0.642 1.038 7 .
73 68.483 1.066 0.842 1.333 21 1
379 397.429 0.954 0.861 1.053 128 5
ng inpatient procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure technique, detected during the same admiss
n criteria, this may be different from the numbers shown in Table 1. Refer to the Technical Appendix for information about exclusion criteria.
reater than or less than the nominal value of the national SIR for the given procedure type. This is only calculated if at least 10 facilities had
nd follow select inpatient surgical procedures approximating procedures covered by the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP). Specific
donor site incisions.

ed SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of SSIs was < 1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither calculated nor included in the distributio
ic summary SIRs for adult surgical site infection (SSI) data 1 reported to NHSN from NHSN Acute Care Hospitals during 2019, by su
No. Facilities with SIR No. Facilities with SIR
gnificantly > National SIR Significantly < National SIR 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
%4 N %4
8% 186 7% 0.000 0.000 0.254 0.383 0.477
8% 144 6% 0.000 0.000 0.228 0.365 0.477
. . . . . . . .
11% 1 4% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
0% 0 0% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
. . . . . . . .
6% 2 3% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6% 1 1% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3% 0 0% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4% 5 1% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
. . . . . . . .
4% . . 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
6% 69 4% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.084 0.321
8% 5 5% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.176 0.378
6% 6 4% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.304
10% 16 4% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.234 0.373
4% 3 2% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.416
2% 1 1% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
2% 1 2% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.375
7% 19 2% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.289
. . . . . . . .
7% 7 1% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.306
5% 16 2% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.252
7% 1 7% . . . . .
3% 6 5% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
13% 1 4% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
7% . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
6% 1 1% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
3% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
4% 11 5% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.219
. . . . . . . .
3% . . 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
5% 0 0% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.249 0.503
4% 4 3% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
etected during the same admission as the surgical procedure or upon readmission to the same facility.
mation about exclusion criteria.
lated if at least 10 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predicted SSI in 2019.
ement Project (SCIP). Specific NHSN procedures
d nor included in the distribution of facility-specific SIRs.

are Hospitals during 2019, by surgical procedure.

Median
30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75%
0.561 0.617 0.693 0.761 0.835 0.900 0.976 1.061 1.151 1.255
0.549 0.614 0.681 0.747 0.827 0.895 0.969 1.066 1.164 1.268
. . . . . . . . . .
0.000 0.464 0.522 0.651 0.703 0.916 1.150 1.230 1.347 1.811
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.490 0.557 0.669
. . . . . . . . . .
0.412 0.475 0.583 0.650 0.711 0.774 0.842 0.955 1.036 1.237
0.000 0.095 0.301 0.393 0.502 0.576 0.702 0.811 0.928 1.046
0.374 0.543 0.683 0.724 0.782 0.855 0.915 1.026 1.167 1.362
0.261 0.385 0.484 0.544 0.632 0.699 0.780 0.856 0.949 1.090
. . . . . . . . . .
0.303 0.403 0.507 0.560 0.625 0.704 0.760 0.840 0.968 1.227
0.417 0.497 0.578 0.649 0.733 0.817 0.912 1.000 1.126 1.234
0.501 0.647 0.719 0.841 0.930 1.005 1.132 1.217 1.426 1.685
0.415 0.537 0.668 0.746 0.801 0.862 0.998 1.131 1.218 1.339
0.487 0.583 0.667 0.752 0.843 0.946 1.042 1.164 1.331 1.494
0.541 0.666 0.796 0.832 0.907 0.969 1.093 1.216 1.434 1.549
0.000 0.416 0.474 0.533 0.577 0.749 0.892 0.905 0.957 1.071
0.467 0.559 0.606 0.715 0.753 0.868 0.893 0.915 0.977 1.076
0.435 0.548 0.631 0.720 0.806 0.874 0.963 1.089 1.238 1.464
. . . . . . . . . .
0.426 0.539 0.621 0.694 0.753 0.841 0.941 1.059 1.221 1.399
0.412 0.551 0.617 0.731 0.807 0.904 0.988 1.136 1.320 1.481
. . . . . . . . . .
0.330 0.404 0.520 0.692 0.817 0.839 0.950 1.107 1.297 1.533
0.245 0.255 0.266 0.392 0.407 0.497 0.667 0.693 0.695 0.832
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
0.372 0.459 0.540 0.766 0.830 0.990 1.133 1.326 1.445 1.663
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.372 0.473 0.563 0.686
0.411 0.476 0.548 0.620 0.711 0.841 0.918 1.015 1.114 1.217
. . . . . . . . . .
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.338 0.363 0.405 0.466 0.557 0.833 0.958
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
0.504 0.651 0.718 0.741 0.753 0.765 0.864 0.912 1.148 1.422
0.234 0.486 0.636 0.705 0.779 0.868 0.997 1.121 1.276 1.542
80% 85% 90% 95%
1.383 1.544 1.777 2.140

1.389 1.557 1.762 2.157
. . . .
1.845 1.942 3.831 4.017
0.736 0.863 0.943 1.362
. . . .
1.400 1.863 2.659 2.893
1.139 1.250 1.667 1.978
1.438 1.565 1.826 2.534
1.261 1.558 1.749 2.226
. . . .
1.334 1.538 1.654 2.320
1.375 1.516 1.767 2.148
1.842 1.964 2.403 2.703
1.626 1.806 1.999 2.833
1.751 1.957 2.320 2.849
1.642 1.775 1.878 2.401
1.203 1.359 1.666 2.397
1.457 1.548 1.980 2.303
1.679 1.897 2.271 2.897
. . . .
1.577 1.901 2.271 2.861
1.723 1.981 2.344 2.895
. . . .
1.677 1.882 2.440 2.621
0.945 1.226 1.560 1.560
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
1.781 2.273 2.343 2.917
0.822 0.946 1.030 1.496
1.280 1.435 1.658 2.737
. . . .
1.088 1.266 1.332 1.612
. . . .
. . . .
1.446 1.587 1.643 2.509
1.687 1.892 2.235 2.474
Table 2d.
Surgical Procedure No. of Acute Care No. of

Hospitals Reporting2 Procedures
US, all NHSN procedures 1,252 57,549

US, SCIP procedures only5 805 14,491
AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair5 . .

AMP Limb amputation . .
APPY Appendix surgery 360 12,944
AVSD Shunt for dialysis . .
BILI Bile duct, liver or pancreatic surgery 62 318
BRST Breast surgery . .
CABG Coronary artery bypass graft5,6 . .
CARD Cardiac surgery5 83 6,949
CEA Carotid endarterectomy . .
CHOL Gallbladder surgery 209 1,163
COLO Colon surgery5 669 6,668
CRAN Craniotomy (ALL AGE) 104 3,306
CSEC Cesarean section 367 1,443
FUSN Spinal fusion (AGE ≥2) 265 6,684
FX Open reduction of fracture 241 3,657
GAST Gastric surgery . .
HER Herniorrhaphy 66 1,140
HPRO Hip arthroplasty5 148 284
HTP Heart transplant . .
HYST Abdominal hysterectomy5 82 100
KPRO Knee arthroplasty5 70 108
KTP Kidney transplant 17 123
LAM Laminectomy 151 1,988
LTP Liver transplant 10 114
NECK Neck surgery . .
NEPH Kidney surgery . .
OVRY Ovarian surgery . .
PACE Pacemaker surgery . .
PRST Prostate surgery . .
PVBY Peripheral vascular bypass surgery5 . .
REC Rectal surgery5 55 382
SB Small bowel surgery 120 1,761
SPLE Spleen surgery . .
THOR Thoracic surgery 116 1,590
THYR Thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery . .
VHYS Vaginal hysterectomy5 . .
VSHN Ventricular shunt 65 4,187
XLAP Abdominal surgery 182 2,640
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following inpatient procedures in pediatric pa
statistics are only calculated for surgeries in which at least 5 facilities reported pediatric SSI data in 2019.
3. Risk factors used in the calculation of the number of predicted SSIs are listed in Appendix D.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted infection that had an SIR significantly greater than or less than the nominal va
5. These procedures were presented in previous versions of the HAI Progress Report and follow select inpatient surgical proce
and the corresponding SCIP procedures are listed in Appendix E.
7. Facility-specific percentiles are only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predicted SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted n
Table 2d. National standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific summary SIRs for pediatric
No. of Infections 95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs

Observed Predicted3 SIR Lower Upper No. Facilities with ≥1 No. Facilities with SIR
Predicted Infection Significantly > National SIR
N
515 553.602 0.93 0.852 1.013 103 10
156 218.546 0.714 0.608 0.833 58 3
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
38 46.576 0.816 0.586 1.108 7 .
. . . . . . .
6 6.353 0.944 0.383 1.964 . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
52 67.892 0.766 0.578 0.997 26 .
. . . . . . .
3 0.814 . . . . .
99 145.285 0.681 0.557 0.826 30 0
39 43.044 0.906 0.653 1.226 13 2
5 3.700 1.351 0.495 2.995 . .
82 70.179 1.168 0.935 1.443 19 0
15 12.646 1.186 0.689 1.912 . .
. . . . . . .
1 1.596 0.627 0.031 3.090 . .
2 1.164 1.718 0.288 5.675 . .
. . . . . . .
1 1.920 0.521 0.026 2.569 . .
1 1.177 0.849 0.043 4.190 . .
0 0.996 . . . . .
14 12.723 1.100 0.626 1.802 1 .
3 7.866 0.381 0.097 1.038 3 .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
1 1.108 0.903 0.045 4.452 . .
13 18.288 0.711 0.395 1.185 2 .
. . . . . . .
7 2.328 3.006 1.315 5.947 . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
115 95.576 1.203 0.998 1.439 36 4
18 12.370 1.455 0.890 2.255 . .
ng inpatient procedures in pediatric patients less than 18 years that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure tech
n criteria, this may be different from the numbers shown in Table 1. Refer to the Technical Appendix for information about exclusion criteria.
c SSI data in 2019.
reater than or less than the nominal value of the national SIR for the given procedure type. This is only calculated if at least 10 facilities had
nd follow select inpatient surgical procedures approximating procedures covered by the Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP). Specific
donor site incisions.

ed SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of SSIs was < 1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither calculated nor included in the distributio
summary SIRs for pediatric surgical site infection (SSI) data 1 reported to NHSN from NHSN Acute Care Hospitals during 2019 by
No. Facilities with SIR No. Facilities with SIR
gnificantly > National SIR Significantly < National SIR 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
%4 N %4
10% 5 5% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.067
5% 1 2% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. 1 0 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
0% 0 0% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
15% 1 8% . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
0% 0 0% . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .
11% 0 0% 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.347 0.378
. . . . . . . .
than primary skin closure technique, detected during the same admission as the surgical procedure or upon readmission to the same facili
mation about exclusion criteria. SIRs and accompanying
lated if at least 10 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predicted SSI in 2019.
ement Project (SCIP). Specific NHSN procedures
d nor included in the distribution of facility-specific SIRs.

Care Hospitals during 2019 by surgical procedure.

Median
30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 55% 60% 65% 70% 75%
0.365 0.447 0.593 0.731 0.786 0.880 0.963 1.050 1.221 1.543
0.309 0.388 0.478 0.582 0.723 0.772 0.812 0.845 1.020 1.172
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
0.000 0.354 0.489 0.575 0.611 0.750 0.775 0.845 0.927 1.058
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
0.000 0.388 0.446 0.519 0.589 0.668 0.793 0.814 1.217 1.225
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .
0.414 0.454 0.602 0.738 1.036 1.344 1.412 1.537 1.619 1.817
. . . . . . . . . .
pon readmission to the same facility.

80% 85% 90% 95%
1.697 1.821 2.167 3.022

1.427 1.699 1.739 2.718
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
1.312 1.553 1.643 1.973
. . . .
. . . .
1.458 1.526 1.664 2.718
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
2.006 2.167 2.391 2.509
. . . .
Table 3. State-specific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR summary measures,
NHSN Acute Care Hospitals reporting during 2019
3a. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), all locations1
No. of Infections 95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific SIRs at Key Percentiles6
No. of No. of facilities % of facilities % of facilities

State Acute Care with at least with SIR sig with SIR sig
NHSN Any Hospitals 1 predicted higher than lower than Median
State Mandate2 Validation3 Reporting4 Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper CLABSI national SIR5 national SIR5 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama Yes Yes 79 336 470.630 0.714 0.641 0.793 36 14% 8% 0.000 0.368 0.649 1.009 1.632
Alaska 9 18 33.940 0.530 0.324 0.822 4 . . . . . . .
Arizona 66 277 530.390 0.522 0.463 0.587 43 2% 9% 0.000 0.187 0.491 0.671 0.861
Arkansas 50 197 252.050 0.782 0.678 0.897 22 23% 9% 0.252 0.324 0.617 1.174 1.801
California Yes Yes 338 1,755 2,627.980 0.668 0.637 0.700 268 8% 11% 0.000 0.288 0.618 1.002 1.577
Colorado Yes Yes 55 202 348.000 0.580 0.504 0.665 31 3% 6% 0.011 0.330 0.581 0.810 1.089
Connecticut Yes No 32 227 273.490 0.830 0.727 0.943 22 14% 5% 0.000 0.259 0.489 0.849 1.187
D.C. 8 104 158.230 0.657 0.540 0.793 7 . . . . . . .
Delaware 8 72 94.280 0.764 0.602 0.956 8 . . . . . . .
Florida No Yes 211 1,329 1,932.770 0.688 0.651 0.725 183 10% 9% 0.000 0.308 0.628 0.981 1.524
Georgia 102 539 841.520 0.641 0.588 0.696 66 5% 14% 0.000 0.282 0.549 0.958 1.228
Guam 2 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 17 34 110.100 0.309 0.217 0.427 14 0% 14% . . . . .
Idaho 14 39 70.470 0.553 0.399 0.749 9 . . . . . . .
Illinois 133 618 986.970 0.626 0.578 0.677 100 4% 6% 0.000 0.212 0.517 0.801 1.194
Indiana Yes Yes 94 350 573.700 0.610 0.549 0.677 60 3% 3% 0.000 0.327 0.567 0.773 1.081
Iowa No No 37 144 204.580 0.704 0.596 0.826 21 14% 0% 0.029 0.410 0.613 0.875 1.508
Kansas 54 132 211.290 0.625 0.525 0.738 24 8% 4% 0.000 0.000 0.367 0.734 1.084
Kentucky Yes No 71 291 441.610 0.659 0.586 0.738 42 5% 2% 0.000 0.326 0.591 0.936 1.330
Louisiana 94 362 410.760 0.881 0.794 0.976 45 22% 0% 0.000 0.196 0.623 1.121 1.670
Maine Yes No 19 48 71.500 0.671 0.501 0.883 9 . . . . . . .
Maryland Yes Yes 48 328 449.260 0.730 0.654 0.812 42 10% 7% 0.000 0.173 0.548 0.860 1.267
Massachusetts Yes Yes 69 392 613.300 0.639 0.578 0.705 45 11% 9% 0.000 0.335 0.609 0.940 1.479
Michigan 97 469 709.940 0.661 0.603 0.722 61 5% 5% 0.144 0.401 0.642 0.984 1.493
Minnesota Yes Yes 50 252 351.470 0.717 0.632 0.810 22 5% 5% 0.000 0.297 0.556 0.821 1.006
Mississippi Yes Yes 52 234 247.970 0.944 0.828 1.071 25 16% 0% 0.135 0.462 0.758 1.620 2.139
Missouri 77 569 713.240 0.798 0.734 0.865 47 13% 2% 0.000 0.419 0.713 1.077 1.453
Montana No No 14 25 33.690 0.742 0.491 1.079 9 . . . . . . .
Nebraska No No 25 90 167.510 0.537 0.435 0.657 18 6% 0% . . . . .
Nevada Yes No 28 209 290.750 0.719 0.626 0.821 20 10% 10% 0.000 0.418 0.747 0.989 1.267
New Hampshire Yes No 13 52 71.990 0.722 0.545 0.940 11 0% 9% . . . . .
New Jersey Yes No 72 383 620.300 0.617 0.558 0.682 62 8% 12% 0.025 0.265 0.497 0.841 1.396
New Mexico Yes No 29 64 110.000 0.582 0.452 0.738 13 8% 8% . . . . .
New York 168 1,307 1,717.940 0.761 0.720 0.803 129 16% 6% 0.000 0.316 0.637 1.035 1.458
North Carolina Yes No 97 747 815.890 0.916 0.852 0.983 59 14% 3% 0.000 0.388 0.832 1.041 1.479
North Dakota No No 9 28 63.590 0.440 0.298 0.628 7 . . . . . . .
Ohio No Yes 141 869 1,200.150 0.724 0.677 0.773 97 6% 9% 0.000 0.327 0.540 0.887 1.238
Oklahoma 79 250 361.270 0.692 0.610 0.782 31 10% 3% 0.000 0.000 0.524 0.882 1.338
Oregon Yes Yes 35 123 219.310 0.561 0.468 0.667 22 0% 14% 0.000 0.000 0.273 0.544 0.772
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 167 912 1,306.210 0.698 0.654 0.745 111 7% 5% 0.000 0.270 0.583 0.879 1.150
Puerto Rico 14 117 72.370 1.617 1.343 1.930 10 40% 10% . . . . .
Rhode Island No Yes 10 62 79.730 0.778 0.601 0.990 10 0% 0% . . . . .
South Carolina Yes Yes 63 246 369.260 0.666 0.587 0.753 27 11% 7% 0.101 0.335 0.689 0.934 1.711
South Dakota No Yes 16 34 60.820 0.559 0.393 0.772 4 . . . . . . .
Tennessee Yes Yesa 99 434 724.250 0.599 0.545 0.658 54 6% 11% 0.000 0.292 0.553 0.846 1.108
Texas Yes Yes 339 1,584 2,197.430 0.721 0.686 0.757 197 9% 6% 0.000 0.406 0.678 0.993 1.558
Utah 36 89 139.930 0.636 0.514 0.779 14 7% 0% . . . . .
Vermont Yes Yes 6 14 26.100 0.536 0.305 0.879 3 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes Yes 83 330 576.040 0.573 0.514 0.637 49 6% 8% 0.000 0.411 0.517 0.943 1.241
Washington Yes Yes 58 295 529.940 0.557 0.496 0.623 45 4% 18% 0.000 0.264 0.577 0.912 1.228
West Virginia Yes No 29 120 215.260 0.557 0.464 0.664 19 5% 21% . . . . .
Wisconsin No Yes 73 276 431.950 0.639 0.567 0.718 43 2% 12% 0.000 0.125 0.467 0.802 1.067
Wyoming No No 11 6 12.070 0.497 0.201 1.034 2 . . . . . . .
All US 3,602 18,009 26,148.890 0.689 0.679 0.699 2,324 9% 8% 0.000 0.299 0.605 0.955 1.455
1. Data from all ICUs, wards (and other non-critical care locations), and NICUs. CLABSIs identified as Mucosal Barrier Injury (MBI) are excluded from the SIRs. These tables contain data from acute care hospitals; as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report CLABSI data from any location to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
No indicates that a state mandate did not exist during 2019. A blank field indicates data not available.
3. Yes indicates that the state health department reported the completion of all of the following validation activities: state health department had access to 2019 NHSN data, state health department performed an
assessment of missing or implausible values on at least six months of 2019 NHSN data prior to July 1, 2020, and state health department contacted identified facilities.
YesA indicates that the state also conducted an audit of facility medical or laboratory records prior to July 1, 2020 to confirm proper case ascertainment (although intensity of auditing activities
varies by state). Information on validation efforts was requested from all states, regardless of the presence of a legislative mandate for the particular HAI type. Some states without mandatory
reporting of a given HAI to the state health department have performed validation on NHSN data that is voluntarily shared with them by facilities in their jurisdiction.
4. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported CLABSI data in 2019.
5. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted CLABSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national overall CLABSI SIR of 0.689. This is only calculated if at least
10 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predicted CLABSI in 2019.
6. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted CLABSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of CLABSI was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither calculated
nor included in the distribution of facility-specific SIRs.
3b. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), critical care locations1

NHSN Hospitals 1 predicted higher than lower than Median
State Mandate2 Reporting3 Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper CLABSI national SIR4 national SIR4 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama Yes 69 134 185.741 0.721 0.607 0.852 29 0% 3% 0.000 0.370 0.720 1.007 1.409
Alaska 7 9 7.950 1.132 0.552 2.078 3 . . . . . . .
Arizona 51 82 188.889 0.434 0.347 0.536 37 0% 11% 0.000 0.000 0.377 0.649 0.897
Arkansas 41 76 88.606 0.858 0.681 1.068 18 11% 0% . . . . .
California Yes 314 685 925.902 0.740 0.686 0.797 196 8% 3% 0.000 0.226 0.618 1.075 1.760
Colorado Yes 46 65 108.648 0.598 0.466 0.758 25 4% 0% 0.000 0.302 0.544 0.884 1.491
Connecticut Yes 27 83 90.272 0.919 0.737 1.134 18 11% 6% . . . . .
D.C. 7 44 54.680 0.805 0.592 1.070 6 . . . . . . .
Delaware 8 22 28.877 0.762 0.490 1.135 5 . . . . . . .
Florida No 200 495 725.463 0.682 0.624 0.744 134 7% 7% 0.000 0.263 0.555 1.096 1.735
Georgia 91 237 334.686 0.708 0.622 0.803 51 6% 2% 0.000 0.312 0.538 1.059 1.785
Guam 2 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 15 13 33.159 0.392 0.218 0.654 10 0% 10% . . . . .
Idaho 12 12 23.158 0.518 0.281 0.881 7 . . . . . . .
Illinois 124 256 338.590 0.756 0.668 0.853 66 2% 2% 0.000 0.300 0.619 0.962 1.313
Indiana Yes 73 137 213.315 0.642 0.541 0.757 40 3% 5% 0.000 0.318 0.568 0.835 1.407
Iowa No 32 49 65.155 0.752 0.562 0.986 12 8% 8% . . . . .
Kansas No 36 36 70.821 0.508 0.361 0.696 13 8% 8% . . . . .
Kentucky No 64 133 167.925 0.792 0.666 0.936 31 13% 3% 0.000 0.150 0.652 1.070 1.778
Louisiana 72 131 152.063 0.861 0.723 1.019 30 13% 0% 0.000 0.123 0.853 1.375 1.878
Maine Yes 13 14 19.221 0.728 0.415 1.193 4 . . . . . . .
Maryland Yes 43 98 141.115 0.694 0.567 0.843 29 0% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.639 0.891 1.229
Massachusetts Yes 62 151 210.453 0.717 0.610 0.839 28 4% 7% 0.000 0.306 0.628 1.132 1.216
Michigan 84 212 281.997 0.752 0.656 0.858 52 4% 6% 0.000 0.360 0.704 1.150 1.700
Minnesota Yes 34 77 108.869 0.707 0.562 0.879 15 0% 7% . . . . .
Mississippi Yes 42 101 88.701 1.139 0.932 1.378 17 18% 0% . . . . .
Missouri 70 205 232.014 0.884 0.769 1.011 34 12% 3% 0.000 0.277 0.765 1.292 1.388
Montana No 10 8 12.251 0.653 0.303 1.240 4 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 17 30 50.941 0.589 0.405 0.830 10 0% 0% . . . . .
Nevada Yes 20 84 118.622 0.708 0.568 0.872 16 13% 6% . . . . .
New Hampshire Yes 13 19 23.205 0.819 0.508 1.255 6 . . . . . . .
New Jersey Yes 72 116 201.705 0.575 0.477 0.687 52 2% 6% 0.000 0.000 0.561 0.855 1.244
New Mexico Yes 25 35 45.395 0.771 0.545 1.060 9 . . . . . . .
New York 158 407 553.562 0.735 0.666 0.809 93 4% 6% 0.000 0.269 0.711 1.116 1.505
North Carolina Yes 83 310 290.005 1.069 0.955 1.193 34 18% 3% 0.000 0.529 0.942 1.270 1.822
North Dakota No 6 13 20.062 0.648 0.360 1.080 6 . . . . . . .
Ohio No 124 310 432.324 0.717 0.640 0.800 67 6% 7% 0.000 0.120 0.526 0.865 1.413
Oklahoma 49 111 135.606 0.819 0.677 0.982 19 5% 5% . . . . .
Oregon Yes 32 50 63.501 0.787 0.591 1.030 12 8% 0% . . . . .
Pennsylvania Yes 142 340 481.514 0.706 0.634 0.784 75 3% 1% 0.000 0.161 0.524 0.839 1.291
Puerto Rico 12 47 23.536 1.997 1.484 2.633 7 . . . . . . .
Rhode Island No 9 26 26.929 0.966 0.644 1.394 5 . . . . . . .
South Carolina Yes 56 85 130.371 0.652 0.524 0.802 19 0% 5% . . . . .
South Dakota No 10 10 12.387 0.807 0.410 1.439 3 . . . . . . .
Tennessee Yes 81 181 261.015 0.693 0.598 0.800 39 0% 5% 0.000 0.148 0.634 0.955 1.295
Texas Yes 256 613 818.586 0.749 0.691 0.810 148 4% 2% 0.000 0.251 0.651 1.086 1.528
Utah 30 35 59.765 0.586 0.414 0.805 11 0% 9% . . . . .
Vermont Yes 4 3.00 6.722 0.45 0.11 1.22 1 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes 76 128 196.569 0.651 0.545 0.772 35 9% 6% 0.000 0.000 0.449 0.858 1.668
Washington Yes 48 108 168.475 0.641 0.528 0.771 32 6% 6% 0.000 0.000 0.452 0.830 1.265
West Virginia Yes 29 62 84.204 0.736 0.569 0.938 12 8% 8% . . . . .
Wisconsin No 66 70 137.684 0.508 0.399 0.639 26 0% 4% 0.039 0.217 0.563 0.820 0.921
Wyoming No 10 0 3.214 0.000 . 0.932 1 . . . . . . .
All US 3,079 6,769 9,247.020 0.732 0.715 0.750 1,653 6% 4% 0.000 0.251 0.616 1.027 1.643
1. Data from all ICUs; excludes wards (and other non-critical care locations), NICUs. CLABSIs identified as Mucosal Barrier Injury (MBI) are excluded from the SIRs. These tables contain data from acute care hospitals;
as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report CLABSI data from critical care units to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
No indicates that a state mandate did not exist during 2019. A blank field indicates data not available. Note that almost all acute care hospitals are required to report CLABSI data from ICUs to NHSN for participation in the
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program.
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported CLABSI data from at least one critical care location in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted ICU CLABSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national ICU CLABSI SIR of 0.732 This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted ICU CLABSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted ICU CLABSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of ICU CLABSI was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither
calculated nor included in the distribution of facility-specific SIRs.
3c. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), ward (non-critical care) locations 1

Alabama Yes 77 167 238.730 0.700 0.599 0.812 31 6% 0% 0.000 0.111 0.618 0.844 1.584
Alaska 9 9 22.500 0.400 0.195 0.734 4 . . . . . . .
Arizona 66 177 311.380 0.568 0.489 0.657 37 0% 5% 0.000 0.120 0.418 0.737 0.942
Arkansas 48 108 134.830 0.801 0.660 0.963 19 16% 11% . . . . .
California Yes 335 982 1,522.520 0.645 0.606 0.686 220 4% 5% 0.000 0.201 0.587 0.985 1.455
Colorado Yes 54 109 217.490 0.501 0.413 0.602 28 0% 4% 0.000 0.151 0.406 0.638 0.786
Connecticut Yes 32 138 168.920 0.817 0.689 0.962 20 15% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.356 0.827 1.296
D.C. 8 53 89.530 0.592 0.448 0.768 6 . . . . . . .
Delaware 8 41 57.860 0.709 0.515 0.952 8 . . . . . . .
Florida No 206 780 1,075.460 0.725 0.676 0.778 156 11% 6% 0.000 0.337 0.647 1.072 1.468
Georgia 101 258 430.960 0.599 0.529 0.675 59 3% 8% 0.000 0.210 0.503 0.905 1.576
Guam 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 17 19 63.580 0.299 0.185 0.458 13 0% 8% . . . . .
Idaho 14 23 41.200 0.558 0.362 0.824 8 . . . . . . .
Illinois 132 318 581.340 0.547 0.489 0.610 83 1% 7% 0.000 0.098 0.471 0.773 1.155
Indiana No 91 202 330.770 0.611 0.531 0.699 49 0% 6% 0.000 0.128 0.570 0.726 0.953
Iowa No 37 89 121.280 0.734 0.593 0.899 17 6% 0% . . . . .
Kansas No 54 86 125.630 0.685 0.551 0.841 17 6% 0% . . . . .
Kentucky No 71 151 251.860 0.600 0.509 0.701 33 3% 9% 0.000 0.275 0.551 0.749 1.124
Louisiana 94 191 218.170 0.875 0.758 1.006 35 23% 6% 0.000 0.318 0.571 1.369 1.884
Maine Yes 18 31 49.050 0.632 0.437 0.886 7 . . . . . . .
Maryland Yes 48 216 280.190 0.771 0.673 0.879 38 11% 8% 0.000 0.000 0.412 0.879 1.194
Massachusetts No 68 223 380.110 0.587 0.513 0.668 38 8% 5% 0.000 0.000 0.425 0.777 1.593
Michigan 97 220 368.490 0.597 0.522 0.680 55 2% 5% 0.000 0.271 0.620 0.832 1.387
Minnesota Yes 50 156 223.600 0.698 0.594 0.814 21 5% 0% 0.014 0.250 0.600 0.776 1.048
Mississippi Yes 52 119 139.350 0.854 0.711 1.018 18 17% 0% . . . . .
Missouri 77 322 432.570 0.744 0.666 0.829 44 7% 5% 0.000 0.243 0.579 0.962 1.196
Montana No 14 16 19.380 0.826 0.489 1.312 7 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 23 51 105.940 0.481 0.362 0.628 15 0% 0% . . . . .
Nevada Yes 28 123 145.020 0.848 0.708 1.008 20 15% 0% 0.000 0.466 0.747 1.037 1.341
New Hampshire No 13 31 46.030 0.674 0.466 0.944 9 . . . . . . .
New Jersey Yes 72 251 385.900 0.650 0.574 0.735 59 7% 12% 0.000 0.184 0.478 0.906 1.174
New Mexico Yes 29 24 54.950 0.437 0.286 0.640 9 . . . . . . .
New York 167 837 1,049.590 0.797 0.745 0.853 120 15% 3% 0.000 0.279 0.656 1.162 1.747
North Dakota No 9 14 37.560 0.373 0.212 0.611 7 . . . . . . .
Ohio No 140 503 689.100 0.730 0.668 0.796 82 9% 2% 0.000 0.281 0.555 1.024 1.509
Oklahoma 78 124 198.460 0.625 0.522 0.742 20 15% 5% 0.000 0.145 0.532 0.878 1.532
Oregon Yes 35 69 144.850 0.476 0.373 0.599 19 0% 5% . . . . .
Puerto Rico 13 67 48.390 1.385 1.082 1.748 8 . . . . . . .
Rhode Island No 10 32 48.250 0.663 0.461 0.925 5 . . . . . . .
South Carolina Yes 63 147 214.010 0.687 0.582 0.805 24 8% 8% 0.000 0.317 0.672 0.945 1.708
South Dakota No 16 17 41.670 0.408 0.246 0.640 4 . . . . . . .
Tennessee Yes 99 229 408.170 0.561 0.492 0.637 41 2% 15% 0.000 0.054 0.455 0.814 1.248
Texas No 330 847 1,176.090 0.720 0.673 0.770 165 7% 3% 0.000 0.338 0.680 1.089 1.491
Utah 36 40 64.730 0.618 0.447 0.833 9 . . . . . . .
Vermont Yes 6 9 18.180 0.495 0.241 0.908 2 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes 83 185 341.040 0.542 0.468 0.625 47 2% 9% 0.000 0.255 0.540 0.991 1.454
Washington Yes 58 170 334.850 0.508 0.436 0.588 43 2% 5% 0.000 0.371 0.593 0.960 1.119
Wisconsin No 73 187 269.300 0.694 0.600 0.799 38 8% 8% 0.000 0.000 0.135 0.767 1.146
Wyoming No 11 6 8.860 0.677 0.275 1.409 2 . . . . . . .
All US 3,565 10,129 15,077.240 0.672 0.659 0.685 1,984 7% 5% 0.000 0.231 0.561 0.953 1.468
1. Data from all wards (for this table wards also include step-down, mixed acuity and specialty care areas [including hematology/oncology, bone marrow transplant]). CLABSIs identified as Mucosal Barrier Injury (MBI) are excluded from the SIRs.
These tables contain data from acute care hospitals; as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report CLABSI data from ward locations to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported CLABSI data from at least one ward in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted ward CLABSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national ward CLABSI SIR of 0.672. This is only calculated if at least 10 facilities had at least
one predicted ward CLABSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted ward CLABSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of ward CLABSI was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither
3d. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), neonatal critical care locations1

Alabama Yes 14 35 46.162 0.758 0.536 1.043 9 . . . . . . .
Alaska 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Arizona 18 18 30.107 0.598 0.365 0.927 7 . . . . . . .
Arkansas 9 13 28.612 0.454 0.253 0.757 5 . . . . . . .
California Yes 130 88 179.532 0.490 0.395 0.601 44 2% 2% 0.000 0.000 0.336 0.714 1.031
Colorado Yes 21 28 21.852 1.281 0.868 1.827 7 . . . . . . .
Connecticut Yes 12 6 14.307 0.419 0.170 0.872 2 . . . . . . .
D.C. 6 7 14.020 0.499 0.218 0.988 4 . . . . . . .
Delaware 2 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Florida No 59 54 131.860 0.410 0.311 0.530 27 4% 11% 0.000 0.078 0.294 0.599 1.079
Georgia 35 44 75.879 0.580 0.427 0.771 18 7% 0% . . . . .
Guam 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 2 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Idaho 11 4 6.108 0.655 0.208 1.580 2 . . . . . . .
Illinois 39 44 67.047 0.656 0.483 0.873 20 5% 5% 0.000 0.000 0.470 0.759 1.255
Indiana Yes 25 11 29.620 0.371 0.195 0.645 7 . . . . . . .
Iowa No 11 6 18.145 0 0 1 3 . . . . . . .
Kansas No 10 10 14.834 0.674 0.342 1.202 5 . . . . . . .
Kentucky Yes 16 7 21.829 0.321 0.140 0.634 4 . . . . . . .
Louisiana 29 40 40.530 0.987 0.715 1.331 8 . . . . . . .
Maine Yes 2 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Maryland Yes 16 14 27.951 0.501 0.285 0.820 7 . . . . . . .
Massachusetts Yes 10 18 22.727 0.792 0.484 1.227 8 . . . . . . .
Michigan 20 37 59.465 0.622 0.445 0.849 13 0% 0% . . . . .
Minnesota Yes 11 19 19.002 1.000 0.620 1.533 3 . . . . . . .
Mississippi Yes 14 14 19.919 0.703 0.400 1.151 3 . . . . . . .
Missouri 21 42 48.654 0.863 0.630 1.156 9 . . . . . . .
Montana No 5 1 2.060 0.485 0.024 2.394 0 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 8 9 10.627 0.847 0.413 1.554 3 . . . . . . .
Nevada Yes 10 2 27.111 0.074 0.012 0.244 7 . . . . . . .
New Hampshire Yes 3 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
New Jersey Yes 23 16 32.694 0.489 0.290 0.778 11 0% 0% . . . . .
New Mexico Yes 4 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . .
New York 53 63 114.801 0.549 0.425 0.698 28 4% 4% 0.000 0.258 0.598 0.836 0.975
North Carolina Yes 25 56 64.995 0.862 0.657 1.111 11 27% 9% . . . . .
North Dakota No 6 1 5.961 0.168 0.008 0.827 1 . . . . . . .
Ohio No 20 56 78.714 0.711 0.543 0.917 15 13% 7% . . . . .
Oklahoma 7 15 27.200 0.551 0.320 0.889 6 . . . . . . .
Oregon Yes 9 4 10.966 0.365 0.116 0.880 3 . . . . . . .
Pennsylvania Yes 44 60 63.617 0.943 0.726 1.206 17 12% 0% . . . . .
Puerto Rico 4 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Rhode Island No 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
South Carolina Yes 9 14 24.868 0.563 0.320 0.922 7 . . . . . . .
South Dakota No 3 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Tennessee Yes 22 24 55.065 0.436 0.286 0.639 11 0% 0% . . . . .
Texas Yes 123 124 202.756 0.612 0.511 0.727 46 2% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.431 0.790 1.215
Utah 13 14 15.431 0.907 0.516 1.486 4 . . . . . . .
Vermont Yes 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes 27 17 38.425 0.442 0.266 0.694 10 0% 10% . . . . .
Washington Yes 16 17 26.621 0.639 0.384 1.002 5 . . . . . . .
West Virginia Yes 6 3 6.686 0.449 0.114 1.221 3 . . . . . . .
Wisconsin No 18 19 24.963 0.761 0.472 1.167 8 . . . . . . .
Wyoming No 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
All US 1,006 1,111 1,824.750 0.609 0.574 0.645 427 5% 4% 0.000 0.000 0.524 0.918 1.533
1. Data from all NICUs including Level II/III and Level III nurseries. Both umbilical line and central line-associated bloodstream infections are considered CLABSIs. CLABSIs identified as Mucosal Barrier Injury (MBI) are excluded from the SIRs.
These tables contain data from acute care hospitals; as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report CLABSI data from NICUs to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
No indicates that a state mandate did not exist during 2019. A blank field indicates data not available. Note that almost all acute care hospitals are required to report CLABSI data from NICUs to NHSN for participation in the
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported CLABSI data from at least one NICU in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted NICU CLABSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national NICU CLABSI SIR of 0.609. This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted NICU CLABSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted NICU CLABSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of NICU CLABSI was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither
4a. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), all locations1

State Mandate2 Validation3 Reporting4 Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper CAUTI national SIR 5
national SIR5 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama Yes Yesa 87 374 591.190 0.633 0.571 0.699 45 2% 20% 0.000 0.236 0.507 0.794 1.278
Alaska Yes 9 40 32.070 1.247 0.903 1.682 6 . . . . . . .
Arizona No 67 271 523.480 0.518 0.459 0.582 43 0% 19% 0.037 0.297 0.557 0.693 0.897
Arkansas No 49 231 260.070 0.888 0.779 1.008 28 14% 4% 0.000 0.426 0.703 1.150 1.363
California No No 335 2,219 2,583.380 0.859 0.824 0.895 283 14% 6% 0.000 0.416 0.775 1.193 1.598
Colorado Yes Yes 53 215 355.970 0.604 0.527 0.689 33 6% 12% 0.197 0.346 0.496 0.791 1.462
D.C. No 8 77 119.580 0.644 0.512 0.800 7 . . . . . . .
Delaware 8 40 66.000 0.606 0.439 0.817 8 . . . . . . .
Florida No Yes 211 1,274 1,884.460 0.676 0.640 0.714 183 7% 10% 0.000 0.263 0.604 0.924 1.319
Georgia Yes 107 591 824.370 0.717 0.661 0.776 67 7% 9% 0.000 0.424 0.682 0.956 1.609
Guam 2 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Hawaii Yes 17 60 90.090 0.666 0.513 0.851 13 0% 0% . . . . .
Idaho No 16 62 83.750 0.740 0.572 0.943 10 10% 0% . . . . .
Illinois No 134 655 933.590 0.702 0.649 0.757 105 6% 6% 0.000 0.390 0.628 0.914 1.323
Indiana Yes Yes 93 379 567.310 0.668 0.603 0.738 61 10% 3% 0.000 0.332 0.597 0.834 1.503
Iowa No No 39 185 229.960 0.804 0.695 0.927 25 4% 0% 0.094 0.470 0.690 0.896 1.203
Kansas No No 55 155 198.920 0.779 0.664 0.909 25 4% 4% 0.000 0.054 0.568 1.048 1.565
Kentucky Yes No 71 301 484.060 0.622 0.555 0.695 47 6% 19% 0.000 0.249 0.451 0.950 1.321
Louisiana Yesa 101 334 473.990 0.705 0.632 0.783 49 6% 6% 0.000 0.295 0.590 0.841 1.332
Maine No No 19 73 65.580 1.113 0.879 1.392 10 10% 0% . . . . .
Maryland Yes Yes 48 348 443.580 0.785 0.705 0.870 41 7% 2% 0.017 0.294 0.631 0.908 1.176
Michigan No 98 509 825.920 0.616 0.564 0.672 65 3% 11% 0.093 0.381 0.514 0.756 0.930
Missouri 78 499 651.840 0.766 0.701 0.835 54 9% 6% 0.000 0.365 0.772 1.046 1.374
Montana No No 13 31 49.210 0.630 0.436 0.883 9 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 25 84 121.150 0.693 0.557 0.854 15 0% 0% . . . . .
Nevada No No 28 180 279.220 0.645 0.556 0.744 19 5% 21% . . . . .
New Hampshire M No 13 79 87.220 0.906 0.722 1.123 13 8% 0% . . . . .
New Jersey Yes No 72 502 598.060 0.839 0.768 0.915 68 7% 1% 0.237 0.437 0.727 1.014 1.245
New Mexico No No 30 138 141.690 0.974 0.821 1.147 16 13% 6% . . . . .
New York No 168 1,395 1,732.200 0.805 0.764 0.848 142 11% 7% 0.104 0.426 0.665 0.972 1.321
Ohio No Yes 144 802 1,251.520 0.641 0.598 0.686 102 4% 12% 0.000 0.291 0.665 0.961 1.254
Oklahoma Yes 82 252 363.700 0.693 0.611 0.782 37 8% 5% 0.000 0.245 0.619 0.899 1.569
Oregon Yes Yes 35 205 231.800 0.884 0.769 1.012 24 8% 8% 0.078 0.547 0.827 1.073 1.606
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 178 1,053 1,373.520 0.767 0.721 0.814 118 8% 5% 0.000 0.479 0.739 1.034 1.442
Puerto Rico 14 78 123.530 0.631 0.503 0.784 12 8% 25% . . . . .
Rhode Island No Yes 10 90 83.190 1.082 0.875 1.324 9 . . . . . . .
South Carolina No No 62 327 398.410 0.821 0.735 0.913 37 8% 5% 0.000 0.590 0.891 1.216 1.760
Tennessee Yes Yes 100 531 712.530 0.745 0.684 0.811 67 3% 6% 0.000 0.215 0.570 0.885 1.407
Texas Yes Yes 359 1,340 1,989.410 0.674 0.638 0.710 208 5% 8% 0.000 0.277 0.570 0.945 1.316
Utah 36 117 129.220 0.905 0.752 1.081 17 6% 0%
Vermont No No 6 50 38.220 1.308 0.981 1.711 4 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes Yes 83 461 574.700 0.802 0.731 0.878 57 9% 9% 0.000 0.326 0.657 0.971 1.633
Washington No No 60 401 476.680 0.841 0.762 0.927 43 12% 2% 0.183 0.417 0.712 1.138 1.319
West Virginia Yes No 30 198 270.620 0.732 0.635 0.839 22 5% 9% 0.014 0.359 0.684 0.947 1.187
Wisconsin No Yes 73 266 378.340 0.703 0.622 0.792 48 4% 8% 0.140 0.356 0.632 1.205 1.718
Wyoming No No 12 8 23.310 0.343 0.159 0.652 2 . . . . . . .
All US 3,678 19,398 26,182.610 0.741 0.731 0.751 2,516 8% 7% 0.000 0.368 0.669 1.011 1.474
1. Data from all ICUs and wards (and other non-critical care locations). This excludes NICUs. These tables contain data from acute care hospitals; as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report CAUTI data from any location to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
4. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported CAUTI data in 2019.
5. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted CAUTI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national overall CAUTI SIR of 0.741. This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted CAUTI in 2019.
6. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted CAUTI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of CAUTI was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither
4b. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), critical care locations 1

State Mandate2 Reporting3 Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper CAUTI national SIR4 national SIR4 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama Yes 70 192 341.400 0.562 0.487 0.646 36 8% 6% 0.000 0.197 0.406 0.729 1.092
Alaska 7 14 9.960 1.406 0.800 2.303 3 . . . . . . .
Arizona 51 115 249.270 0.461 0.383 0.552 41 0% 5% 0.000 0.035 0.413 0.630 0.925
Arkansas 41 115 119.520 0.962 0.798 1.151 22 18% 0% 0.000 0.434 0.796 1.173 1.454
California No 314 983 1,159.030 0.848 0.796 0.902 214 10% 2% 0.000 0.356 0.791 1.217 1.785
Colorado Yes 45 87 168.180 0.517 0.417 0.635 26 4% 8% 0.000 0.034 0.354 0.747 1.277
Connecticut Yes 27 73 129.420 0.564 0.445 0.705 19 0% 5% . . . . .
D.C. 7 34 72.200 0.471 0.331 0.651 7 . . . . . . .
Delaware 8 14 28.600 0.490 0.279 0.802 6 . . . . . . .
Florida No 199 599 970.260 0.617 0.569 0.668 148 4% 5% 0.000 0.175 0.592 0.933 1.473
Georgia 91 275 442.090 0.622 0.552 0.699 53 4% 6% 0.000 0.199 0.557 0.961 1.397
Guam 2 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 15 23 39.830 0.577 0.375 0.853 9 . . . . . . .
Idaho 12 23 35.580 0.647 0.420 0.955 8 . . . . . . .
Illinois 125 270 417.330 0.647 0.573 0.728 79 9% 4% 0.000 0.234 0.505 0.898 1.335
Indiana No 73 142 268.880 0.528 0.446 0.621 46 4% 4% 0.000 0.252 0.423 0.733 1.574
Iowa No 32 59 92.470 0.638 0.490 0.817 14 0% 0% . . . . .
Kansas No 36 65 99.770 0.652 0.507 0.825 14 0% 0%
Kentucky Yes 64 175 245.340 0.713 0.613 0.825 38 8% 5% 0.000 0.328 0.565 1.160 1.747
Louisiana 73 144 227.740 0.632 0.535 0.742 36 0% 8% 0.000 0.093 0.626 0.880 1.462
Maine No 13 16 24.670 0.649 0.384 1.031 5 . . . . . . .
Maryland No 43 148 193.020 0.767 0.650 0.898 33 9% 0% 0.000 0.038 0.555 0.853 1.090
Massachusetts Yes 62 222 275.220 0.807 0.706 0.918 35 14% 3% 0.122 0.353 0.834 1.280 1.834
Michigan 83 262 446.160 0.587 0.519 0.662 55 5% 0% 0.000 0.213 0.441 0.816 1.094
Minnesota Yes 35 96 140.260 0.684 0.557 0.832 15 13% 7%
Mississippi Yes 41 74 159.010 0.465 0.368 0.581 22 5% 9% 0.000 0.201 0.387 0.755 1.236
Missouri 70 240 308.690 0.777 0.684 0.881 41 10% 2% 0.000 0.405 0.815 1.022 1.477
Montana No 10 10 19.040 0.525 0.267 0.936 5 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 16 35 50.990 0.686 0.486 0.944 10 10% 0% . . . . .
Nevada No 20 88 152.140 0.578 0.467 0.709 16 6% 13% . . . . .
New Hampshire No 13 31 36.090 0.859 0.594 1.204 6 . . . . . . .
New Jersey Yes 72 210 257.100 0.817 0.712 0.933 54 9% 0% 0.000 0.335 0.728 1.268 1.489
New Mexico No 25 70 66.210 1.057 0.830 1.328 11 9% 0% . . . . .
New York 158 545 779.480 0.699 0.642 0.760 107 8% 6% 0.000 0.127 0.579 0.981 1.311
North Dakota No 6 20 26.360 0.759 0.476 1.151 6 . . . . . . .
Ohio No 124 331 605.380 0.547 0.490 0.608 77 6% 6% 0.000 0.158 0.487 1.030 1.375
Oklahoma 50 101 177.330 0.570 0.466 0.689 21 0% 5% 0.000 0.000 0.334 0.776 1.016
Oregon Yes 32 74 91.750 0.807 0.638 1.007 15 13% 0% . . . . .
Pennsylvania No 144 441 673.460 0.655 0.596 0.718 89 6% 4% 0.000 0.367 0.609 1.078 1.473
Puerto Rico 12 29 42.360 0.685 0.467 0.970 10 10% 0% . . . . .
Rhode Island No 9 35 39.850 0.878 0.621 1.208 5 . . . . . . .
South Carolina No 56 152 189.900 0.800 0.681 0.936 25 16% 4% 0.000 0.290 0.796 1.446 2.055
South Dakota No 10 20 20.510 0.975 0.612 1.479 3
Tennessee Yes 81 264 362.870 0.728 0.644 0.819 42 10% 5% 0.000 0.000 0.475 0.800 1.095
Texas Yes 256 613 1,026.890 0.597 0.551 0.646 155 5% 5% 0.000 0.194 0.543 0.893 1.387
Utah 30 56 76.430 0.733 0.559 0.945 13 8% 0%
Vermont No 4 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes 76 193 268.770 0.718 0.622 0.825 39 10% 0% 0.000 0.277 0.554 0.788 1.680
Washington No 48 164 203.840 0.805 0.688 0.935 35 9% 0% 0.000 0.291 0.644 1.017 1.968
Wisconsin No 66 127 167.780 0.757 0.634 0.898 32 6% 6% 0.000 0.289 0.528 0.956 1.015
Wyoming No 10 5 4.810 1.039 0.381 2.303 2 . . . . . . .
All US 3,081 8,436 12,590.120 0.670 0.656 0.684 1,863 7% 4% 0.000 0.251 0.601 0.984 1.507
1. Data from all ICUs; excludes wards (and other non-critical care locations) and NICUs. These tables contain data from acute care hospitals; as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report CAUTI data from critical care units to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
No indicates that a state mandate did not exist during 2019. A blank field indicates data not available. Note that almost all acute care hospitals are required to report CAUTI data from ICUs to NHSN for participation in the
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported CAUTI data from at least one critical care location in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted ICU CAUTI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national ICU CAUTI SIR of 0.670. This is only calculated
if at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted ICU CAUTI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted ICU CAUTI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of ICU CAUTI was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither
4c. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), ward (non-critical care) locations1

State Mandate2 Reporting3 Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper CAUTI national SIR4 national SIR4 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama Yes 87 182 249.800 0.729 0.628 0.840 38 3% 11% 0.000 0.276 0.598 0.809 1.330
Alaska 9 26 22.110 1.176 0.784 1.698 5 . . . . . . .
Arizona 67 156 274.220 0.569 0.485 0.664 42 2% 14% 0.000 0.246 0.510 0.908 1.285
Arkansas 48 116 140.550 0.825 0.685 0.986 25 8% 4% 0.000 0.000 0.565 1.041 1.598
California No 331 1,236 1,424.360 0.868 0.820 0.917 251 9% 6% 0.000 0.389 0.810 1.220 1.748
Colorado Yes 53 128 187.800 0.682 0.571 0.808 29 3% 3% 0.261 0.378 0.538 0.805 1.292
Connecticut Yes 33 110 130.440 0.843 0.696 1.012 21 5% 5% 0.148 0.486 0.702 1.081 1.205
D.C. 8 43 47.380 0.908 0.665 1.211 6 . . . . . . .
Delaware 8 26 37.400 0.695 0.464 1.004 7 . . . . . . .
Florida No 206 675 914.200 0.738 0.684 0.796 158 8% 8% 0.000 0.286 0.638 0.996 1.635
Georgia 106 316 382.290 0.827 0.739 0.922 60 8% 7% 0.000 0.390 0.706 1.229 2.001
Guam 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 17 37 50.270 0.736 0.526 1.004 10 0% 0%
Idaho 16 39 48.180 0.810 0.584 1.096 9 . . . . . . .
Illinois 133 385 516.270 0.746 0.674 0.823 92 3% 1% 0.000 0.410 0.596 0.896 1.512
Indiana No 91 237 298.430 0.794 0.698 0.900 51 8% 2% 0.000 0.351 0.661 1.161 1.449
Iowa No 39 126 137.490 0.916 0.767 1.087 24 0% 0% 0.000 0.387 0.773 0.989 1.317
Kansas No 55 90 99.150 0.908 0.734 1.110 22 14% 5% 0.000 0.000 0.605 1.210 1.732
Kentucky Yes 71 126 238.720 0.528 0.441 0.626 41 2% 12% 0.000 0.000 0.451 0.755 1.299
Louisiana 101 190 246.240 0.772 0.668 0.887 42 10% 2% 0.000 0.257 0.577 0.882 1.691
Maine No 18 57 40.910 1.393 1.065 1.792 8 . . . . . . .
Maryland Yes 48 200 250.550 0.798 0.693 0.915 39 3% 3% 0.000 0.294 0.658 0.896 1.175
Massachusetts No 69 278 293.570 0.947 0.840 1.063 44 14% 2% 0.087 0.465 1.088 1.437 1.822
Michigan 98 247 379.760 0.650 0.573 0.735 57 4% 7% 0.000 0.289 0.546 0.860 1.202
Minnesota Yes 51 166 176.490 0.941 0.805 1.092 23 13% 0% 0.110 0.502 0.682 1.151 1.646
Mississippi Yes 58 151 183.930 0.821 0.698 0.960 23 4% 4% 0.000 0.124 0.554 0.922 1.332
Missouri 78 259 343.150 0.755 0.667 0.851 46 2% 7% 0.000 0.075 0.708 0.946 1.309
Montana No 13 21 30.170 0.696 0.442 1.046 9 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 24 49 70.160 0.698 0.522 0.916 15 0% 0% . . . . .
Nevada No 28 92 127.070 0.724 0.587 0.884 19 16% 16% 0.000 0.210 0.462 0.989 1.481
New Hampshire No 13 48 51.140 0.939 0.700 1.234 11 9% 0% . . . . .
New Jersey Yes 72 292 340.960 0.856 0.762 0.959 58 7% 5% 0.000 0.339 0.704 0.982 1.234
New Mexico No 30 68 75.480 0.901 0.705 1.135 13 15% 8% . . . . .
New York 167 850 952.720 0.892 0.834 0.954 126 8% 3% 0.000 0.461 0.741 1.095 1.533
North Dakota No 9 26 36.840 0.706 0.471 1.019 7 . . . . . . .
Ohio No 142 471 646.150 0.729 0.665 0.797 90 3% 8% 0.000 0.228 0.683 0.950 1.366
Oklahoma 81 151 186.370 0.810 0.688 0.947 28 7% 4% 0.000 0.382 0.602 0.953 1.443
Oregon Yes 35 131 140.040 0.935 0.785 1.106 22 9% 0% 0.302 0.549 0.789 1.119 1.479
Puerto Rico 14 49 81.160 0.604 0.452 0.792 12 8% 25% . . . . .
Rhode Island No 10 55 43.330 1.269 0.965 1.640 6 . . . . . . .
South Carolina No 62 175 208.510 0.839 0.722 0.971 29 7% 10% 0.119 0.521 0.858 1.196 1.777
South Dakota No 20 33 46.790 0.705 0.493 0.979 4 . . . . . . .
Tennessee Yes 100 267 349.670 0.764 0.676 0.859 50 6% 4% 0.000 0.278 0.641 0.934 1.672
Texas No 352 727 962.530 0.755 0.702 0.812 176 3% 6% 0.000 0.320 0.662 1.108 1.559
Utah 36 61 52.790 1.156 0.892 1.474 10 20% 0% . . . . .
Vermont Yes 6 34 23.270 1.461 1.028 2.019 2 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes 83 268 305.940 0.876 0.776 0.986 49 10% 2% 0.000 0.276 0.836 1.342 1.691
Washington No 60 237 272.830 0.869 0.763 0.985 43 2% 2% 0.000 0.499 0.864 1.153 1.527
Wisconsin No 73 139 210.570 0.660 0.557 0.777 40 5% 3% 0.000 0.272 0.498 0.872 1.408
Wyoming No 12 3 18.500 0.162 0.041 0.441 2 . . . . . . .
All US 3,649 10,962 13,592.500 0.806 0.792 0.822 2,179 7% 5% 0.000 0.357 0.700 1.117 1.643
1. Data from all wards (for this table wards also include stepdown, mixed acuity and specialty care areas [including hematology/oncology, bone marrow transplant]). This excludes NICU. These tables contain data from acute care hospitals;
as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report CAUTI data from ward locations to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported CAUTI data from at least one ward in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted ward CAUTI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national ward CAUTI SIR of 0.806. This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted ward CAUTI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted ward CAUTI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of ward CAUTI was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither
5a. Ventilator-associated events (VAE), all locations1
No. of Events 95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific SIRs at Key Percentiles6

State Mandate2 Validation3 Reporting4 Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper VAE national SIR5 national SIR5 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama No No 40 378 430.861 0.877 0.792 0.969 25 16% 28% 0.000 0.000 0.772 1.052 1.808
Alaska 5 67 33.214 2.017 1.576 2.546 2 . . . . . . .
Arizona 29 299 312.847 0.956 0.852 1.069 19 26% 26% . . . . .
Arkansas 20 155 148.407 1.044 0.889 1.219 13 15% 23% . . . . .
California No No 188 2,483 2,496.032 0.995 0.956 1.034 164 18% 25% 0.000 0.066 0.773 1.502 2.036
Colorado No No 42 414 396.625 1.044 0.947 1.148 28 29% 14% 0.000 0.192 1.093 1.944 3.246
Connecticut No No 14 186 240.900 0.772 0.667 0.889 13 8% 31% . . . . .
D.C. 3 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . .
Delaware 3 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . .
Florida No No 129 2,036 1,837.512 1.108 1.061 1.157 114 26% 27% 0.000 0.141 0.922 1.724 2.326
Georgia 71 1,214 1,324.038 0.917 0.866 0.970 54 20% 22% 0.000 0.479 0.988 1.579 1.907
Guam 2 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 6 6 30.253 0.198 0.080 0.413 6 . . . . . . .
Idaho 7 66 48.767 1.353 1.055 1.711 6 . . . . . . .
Illinois 67 467 553.993 0.843 0.769 0.922 50 14% 24% 0.000 0.034 0.896 1.382 2.167
Indiana No No 61 544 519.411 1.047 0.962 1.138 44 23% 14% 0.000 0.298 0.829 1.672 2.445
Iowa No No 15 126 100.546 1.253 1.048 1.487 12 17% 8% . . . . .
Kansas No No 29 190 148.232 1.282 1.109 1.474 17 18% 24% . . . . .
Kentucky Yes No 45 405 411.945 0.983 0.891 1.082 27 15% 22% 0.000 0.000 0.796 1.384 2.188
Louisiana 39 392 362.410 1.082 0.978 1.193 22 18% 36% 0.000 0.000 0.514 1.360 1.929
Maine No No 13 126 99.803 1.262 1.056 1.498 8 . . . . . . .
Maryland M No 21 302 263.002 1.148 1.024 1.283 20 25% 35% 0.000 0.069 0.866 1.769 2.527
Massachusetts No No 23 381 305.293 1.248 1.127 1.378 17 24% 12% . . . . .
Michigan 69 1,180 1,048.771 1.125 1.062 1.191 45 27% 13% 0.173 0.683 1.173 1.546 2.166
Minnesota No No 13 158 172.054 0.918 0.783 1.070 7 . . . . . . .
Mississippi No No 28 165 224.510 0.735 0.629 0.854 18 6% 33% . . . . .
Missouri 41 711 716.165 0.993 0.922 1.068 30 33% 23% 0.000 0.331 1.324 1.798 2.417
Montana No No 5 59 46.421 1.271 0.976 1.628 4 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 13 213 129.913 1.640 1.430 1.871 10 40% 20% . . . . .
Nevada No No 21 476 523.780 0.909 0.830 0.993 18 28% 44% . . . . .
New Hampshire No No 11 49 52.668 0.930 0.696 1.220 11 27% 27% . . . . .
New Jersey No No 54 630 815.608 0.772 0.714 0.835 51 14% 35% 0.000 0.029 0.645 1.158 2.564
New Mexico No No 16 69 68.833 1.002 0.786 1.261 9 . . . . . . .
New York 125 1,565 2,363.511 0.662 0.630 0.696 109 14% 36% 0.000 0.053 0.519 1.155 1.943
North Carolina No No 45 745 600.694 1.240 1.154 1.332 29 31% 10% 0.000 0.226 1.151 1.671 3.009
North Dakota No No 2 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Ohio No Yes 89 1,300 1,238.147 1.050 0.994 1.108 70 29% 17% 0.000 0.521 1.009 1.626 2.677
Oklahoma 25 106 184.275 0.575 0.473 0.693 13 0% 31% . . . . .
Oregon No No 26 129 133.988 0.963 0.807 1.140 17 24% 12% . . . . .
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 134 2,105 2,179.182 0.966 0.925 1.008 106 24% 19% 0.000 0.332 0.869 1.654 2.323 .
Puerto Rico 11 83 92.540 0.897 0.719 1.106 10 20% 40% . . . . .
South Carolina Yes No 54 686 687.108 0.998 0.926 1.075 34 18% 24% 0.000 0.000 0.746 1.358 1.871
Tennessee No No 48 438 662.313 0.661 0.602 0.725 31 19% 29% 0.000 0.000 0.644 1.315 1.933
Texas No No 145 1,580 1,743.009 0.906 0.863 0.952 115 19% 28% 0.000 0.000 0.645 1.542 2.039
Utah 9 137 72.882 1.880 1.584 2.215 5 . . . . . . .
Vermont No No 1 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Virginia No No 62 993 790.588 1.256 1.180 1.336 45 31% 13% 0.000 0.463 1.257 1.895 2.484
Washington No No 17 144 125.375 1.149 0.972 1.348 13 23% 15% . . . . .
West Virginia No No 16 43 159.770 0.269 0.197 0.359 10 10% 30% . . . . .
Wisconsin No No 54 321 310.093 1.035 0.926 1.153 34 26% 18% 0.000 0.000 0.854 1.922 3.567
Wyoming No No 6 1 9.330 0.107 0.005 0.529 1 . . . . . . .
All US 2,028 24,724 25,566.341 0.967 0.955 0.979 1,527 21% 24% 0.000 0.137 0.826 1.566 2.240
1. Data from all ICUs and wards (and other non-critical care locations). This excludes NICUs. Pediatric locations (ICUs or wards) are excluded, since pediatric and neonatal locations are excluded from VAE surveillance.
These tables contain data from acute care hospitals; as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report VAE data from any location to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
4. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported VAE data in 2019.
5. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted VAE that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national overall VAE SIR of 0.967. This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted VAE in 2019.
6. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted VAE in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of VAE was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither
5b. Ventilator-associated events (VAE), critical care locations 1
No. of Events 95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific SIRs at Key Percentiles 5

State Mandate2 Reporting3 Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper VAE national SIR4 national SIR4 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama No 40 376 429.397 0.876 0.790 0.968 25 16% 28% 0.000 0.000 0.772 1.052 1.808
Alaska 3 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Arizona 28 299 312.811 0.956 0.852 1.069 19 21% 26% . . . . .
Arkansas 20 155 148.394 1.045 0.890 1.219 13 15% 23% . . . . .
California No 186 2,440 2,425.812 1.006 0.967 1.046 163 18% 25% 0.000 0.090 0.795 1.509 2.026
Colorado No 41 400 376.232 1.063 0.963 1.171 26 31% 19% 0.000 0.245 1.309 1.932 3.255
Connecticut No 13 186 240.404 0.774 0.668 0.891 13 8% 31% . . . . .
D.C. 3 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . .
Delaware 3 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . .
Florida No 128 2,005 1,804.709 1.111 1.063 1.160 114 25% 27% 0.000 0.141 0.922 1.724 2.326
Georgia 71 1,194 1,302.165 0.917 0.866 0.970 54 19% 22% 0.000 0.479 0.988 1.513 1.855
Guam 2 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 6 6 30.004 0.200 0.081 0.416 6 . . . . . . .
Idaho 7 66 48.767 1.353 1.055 1.711 6 . . . . . . .
Illinois 67 456 536.958 0.849 0.774 0.930 50 14% 22% 0.000 0.034 0.866 1.411 2.167
Indiana No 57 532 505.558 1.052 0.966 1.145 42 24% 14% 0.000 0.257 0.880 1.682 2.445
Iowa No 15 126 100.546 1.253 1.048 1.487 12 17% 8% . . . . .
Kansas No 28 190 147.997 1.284 1.111 1.476 17 18% 24% . . . . .
Kentucky No 44 404 411.631 0.981 0.889 1.081 27 15% 22% 0.000 0.000 0.796 1.384 2.188
Louisiana 38 359 328.900 1.092 0.983 1.209 21 19% 33% 0.000 0.000 0.624 1.223 1.706
Maine No 11 109 79.152 1.377 1.136 1.655 7 . . . . . . .
Maryland No 21 292 245.828 1.188 1.057 1.330 20 20% 35% 0.000 0.069 0.926 1.674 2.527
Massachusetts No 23 380 302.270 1.257 1.135 1.388 17 24% 12% . . . . .
Michigan 67 1,143 1,020.849 1.120 1.056 1.186 44 25% 14% 0.173 0.677 1.143 1.649 2.187
Minnesota No 9 131 154.342 0.849 0.713 1.004 5 . . . . . . .
Mississippi No 28 164 222.355 0.738 0.631 0.857 18 6% 33% . . . . .
Missouri 41 699 708.243 0.987 0.916 1.062 30 33% 23% 0.000 0.331 1.324 1.798 2.390
Montana No 5 59 46.421 1.271 0.976 1.628 4 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 11 210 118.474 1.773 1.545 2.025 8 . . . . . . .
Nevada No 20 457 485.432 0.941 0.858 1.031 17 29% 47% . . . . .
New Hampshire No 11 49 52.668 0.930 0.696 1.220 11 27% 27% . . . . .
New Jersey No 54 604 769.845 0.785 0.724 0.849 51 14% 33% 0.000 0.029 0.642 1.158 2.564
New Mexico No 16 69 68.833 1.002 0.786 1.261 9 . . . . . . .
New York 124 1,485 2,181.676 0.681 0.647 0.716 109 14% 35% 0.000 0.000 0.518 1.261 1.989
North Carolina No 43 679 572.773 1.185 1.099 1.277 28 29% 11% 0.000 0.113 1.153 1.823 3.009
North Dakota 2 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Ohio No 85 1,235 1,160.794 1.064 1.006 1.125 68 26% 18% 0.000 0.509 1.007 1.650 2.661
Oklahoma 25 104 176.806 0.588 0.483 0.710 13 0% 31% . . . . .
Oregon No 25 129 127.927 1.008 0.845 1.194 16 25% 13% . . . . .
Pennsylvania Yes 131 2,053 2,135.764 0.961 0.920 1.003 105 24% 19% 0.000 0.332 0.868 1.622 2.323
Puerto Rico 10 77 87.438 0.881 0.700 1.095 10 20% 40% . . . . .
Rhode Island No 8 183 109.295 1.674 1.445 1.931 7 . . . . . . .
South Carolina Yes 54 685 683.103 1.003 0.930 1.080 34 18% 24% 0.000 0.000 0.750 1.358 1.871
South Dakota No 6 40 32.047 1.248 0.904 1.683 2 . . . . . . .
Tennessee No 48 421 640.757 0.657 0.596 0.722 31 16% 29% 0.000 0.000 0.644 1.245 1.933
Texas No 141 1,546 1,679.864 0.920 0.875 0.967 113 20% 27% 0.000 0.000 0.667 1.542 2.039
Utah 9 137 72.882 1.880 1.584 2.215 5 . . . . . . .
Vermont No 1 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Virginia No 61 961 772.222 1.244 1.168 1.325 45 31% 13% 0.000 0.463 1.257 1.914 2.484
Washington No 16 144 124.674 1.155 0.978 1.356 13 23% 15% . . . . .
West Virginia No 16 43 159.440 0.270 0.198 0.360 10 10% 30% . . . . .
Wisconsin No 54 311 289.260 1.075 0.961 1.200 34 26% 18% 0.000 0.000 0.892 1.922 3.567
Wyoming No 6 1 9.330 0.107 0.005 0.529 1 . . . . . . .
All US 1,983 23,952 24,633.192 0.972 0.960 0.985 1,505 21% 24% 0.000 0.138 0.830 1.572 2.266
1. Data from all ICUs; excludes wards (and other non-critical care locations) and NICUs. Pediatric location (ICUs) are excluded from SIR since pediatric and neonatal locations are excluded from VAE surveillance
These tables contain data from acute care facilitiesitals; as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report VAE data from critical care units to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate. No indicates that a state mandate did not exist during 2019.
A blank field indicates data not available.
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported VAE data from at least one critical care location in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted ICU VAE that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national ICU VAE SIR of 0.972. This is only calculated
if at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted ICU VAE in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted ICU VAE in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of ICU VAE was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither
5c. Ventilator-associated events (VAE), ward (non-critical care) locations1

State Mandate2 Reporting3 Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper VAE national SIR4 national SIR4 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama No 3 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Alaska 2 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Arizona 1 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Arkansas 1 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
California No 38 43 70.220 0.612 0.449 0.817 16 13% 6% . . . . .
Colorado No 9 14 20.393 0.687 0.391 1.125 3 . . . . . . .
Connecticut No 3 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
D.C. 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Delaware 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Florida No 11 31 32.803 0.945 0.653 1.325 4 . . . . . . .
Georgia 7 20 21.873 0.914 0.574 1.387 4 . . . . . . .
Guam 1 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 1 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Idaho 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Illinois 13 11 17.036 0.646 0.340 1.122 6 . . . . . . .
Indiana No 7 12 13.853 0.866 0.469 1.473 4 . . . . . . .
Iowa No 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Kansas No 2 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Kentucky No 3 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Louisiana 4 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . .
Maine No 4 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . .
Maryland No 6 10 17.173 0.582 0.296 1.038 4 . . . . . . .
Massachusetts No 3 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Michigan 7 37 27.923 1.325 0.947 1.807 4 . . . . . . .
Minnesota No 7 27 17.712 1.524 1.025 2.187 2 . . . . . . .
Mississippi No 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Missouri 7 12 7.922 1.515 0.821 2.575 3 . . . . . . .
Montana No 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 4 . . . . . 4 . . . . . . .
Nevada No 10 19 38.348 0.495 0.307 0.759 7 . . . . . . .
New Hampshire No 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
New Jersey No 13 26 45.763 0.568 0.379 0.821 6 . . . . . . .
New Mexico No 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
New York 45 80 181.835 0.440 0.351 0.545 30 3% 27% 0.000 0.000 0.294 0.950 1.250
North Carolina No 6 66 27.920 2.364 1.843 2.988 4 . . . . . . .
North Dakota No 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Ohio No 27 65 77.353 0.840 0.654 1.064 15 7% 13% . . . . .
Oklahoma 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Oregon No 3 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Pennsylvania Yes 32 52 43.417 1.198 0.904 1.558 12 17% 0% . . . . .
Puerto Rico 7 6 5.102 1.176 0.477 2.446 3 . . . . . . .
Rhode Island No 1 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
South Carolina Yes 8 1 4.005 0.250 0.012 1.231 1 . . . . . . .
South Dakota No 3 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Tennessee No 10 17 21.556 0.789 0.475 1.237 7 . . . . . . .
Texas No 20 34 63.145 0.538 0.379 0.744 12 0% 17% . . . . .
Utah 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Vermont No 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virginia No 11 32 18.366 1.742 1.212 2.430 4 . . . . . . .
Washington No 3 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
West Virginia No 1 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Wisconsin No 4 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Wyoming No 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
All US 351 772 933.149 0.827 0.770 0.887 174 10% 11% 0.000 0.000 0.507 1.153 1.961
1. Data from all wards (for this table wards also include stepdown, mixed acuity and specialty care areas [including hematology/oncology, bone marrow transplant]). This excludes NICU. Pediatric location (wards) are excluded from SIR
since pediatric and neonatal locations are excluded from VAE surveillance. These tables contain data from acute care hospitals; as such, they exclude data from LTACHs, IRFs, and CAHs.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report VAE data from ward locations to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported VAE data from at least one ward in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted ward VAE that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national ward VAE SIR of 0.827. This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted ward VAE in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted ward VAE in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of ward VAE was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither
6a. Surgical site infections (SSI) following colon surgery 1 in adults, ≥ 18years
No. of Acute No. of facilities % of facilities % of facilities

State Care with at least with SIR sig with SIR sig
NHSN Any Hospitals No. of 1 predicted higher than lower than Median
State Mandate2 Validation3 Reporting4 Procedures Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper SSI national SIR5 national SIR5 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama Yes Yes 66 5,965 81 140.815 0.575 0.460 0.711 27 0% 7% 0.000 0.260 0.468 0.968 1.212
Alaska 7 638 25 16.236 1.540 1.019 2.240 5 . . . . . . .
Arizona 51 6,840 135 171.782 0.786 0.661 0.927 36 3% 3% 0.000 0.108 0.627 1.071 1.362
Arkansas 39 3,095 64 70.763 0.904 0.702 1.147 21 10% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.733 1.522 2.025
California Yes Yes 304 29,714 640 760.427 0.842 0.778 0.909 194 4% 3% 0.000 0.273 0.739 1.245 1.653
Colorado Yes Yes 50 5,216 149 132.564 1.124 0.954 1.316 32 13% 0% 0.345 0.633 1.148 1.329 1.699
Connecticut Yes No 28 3,640 91 92.630 0.982 0.796 1.200 20 10% 5% 0.000 0.276 1.070 1.572 1.811
D.C. 7 1,046 19 35.428 0.536 0.332 0.822 5 . . . . . . .
Delaware 7 1,171 23 32.021 0.718 0.466 1.061 5 . . . . . . .
Florida No Yes 193 25,951 478 624.531 0.765 0.699 0.836 149 6% 4% 0.000 0.220 0.600 1.119 1.775
Georgia 85 11,028 230 299.414 0.768 0.674 0.872 48 4% 4% 0.117 0.434 0.707 1.065 1.562
Guam 1 . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 13 1,005 17 25.272 0.673 0.405 1.055 7 . . . . . . .
Idaho 14 1,406 34 33.368 1.019 0.717 1.408 9 . . . . . . .
Illinois 125 11,444 261 302.332 0.863 0.763 0.973 74 5% 3% 0.000 0.000 0.590 1.304 1.935
Indiana No No 80 7,011 164 174.807 0.938 0.803 1.090 41 5% 5% 0.362 0.648 0.971 1.300 1.734
Iowa No Yes 34 2,951 65 72.911 0.892 0.694 1.129 18 6% 0% . . . . .
Kansas No Yes 39 3,202 78 78.706 0.991 0.789 1.230 16 6% 0% . . . . .
Kentucky Yes No 64 5,666 142 142.808 0.994 0.841 1.168 29 10% 0% 0.000 0.494 0.775 1.320 2.030
Louisiana 69 4,981 97 124.606 0.778 0.635 0.945 32 6% 9% 0.000 0.137 0.718 1.240 2.031
Maine No No 17 1,626 56 37.611 1.489 1.135 1.919 8 . . . . . . .
Maryland No Yes 45 5,669 137 160.737 0.852 0.718 1.004 32 3% 6% 0.000 0.000 0.676 1.244 1.746
Massachusetts Yes Yes 58 7,230 163 191.048 0.853 0.730 0.992 40 0% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.648 1.354 1.756
Michigan 89 11,075 283 286.360 0.988 0.878 1.109 55 9% 2% 0.000 0.373 0.876 1.348 1.541
Minnesota Yes Yes 48 5,378 102 153.924 0.663 0.543 0.801 21 0% 10% 0.000 0.357 0.539 0.953 1.373
Mississippi Yes Yes 41 3,384 88 81.488 1.080 0.871 1.324 18 11% 0% . . . . .
Missouri 68 7,797 175 194.534 0.900 0.774 1.041 37 5% 5% 0.000 0.434 0.849 1.139 1.850
Montana No No 12 908 19 20.354 0.933 0.579 1.431 7 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 21 1,950 60 50.032 1.199 0.923 1.533 10 20% 0% . . . . .
Nevada No No 20 2,575 89 57.634 1.544 1.248 1.891 15 33% 0% . . . . .
New Hampshire Yes No 13 1,376 25 36.098 0.693 0.458 1.007 12 0% 0% . . . . .
New Jersey Yes No 71 8,447 157 224.749 0.699 0.596 0.814 49 4% 8% 0.000 0.000 0.610 1.088 1.763
New Mexico No No 25 1,386 38 35.374 1.074 0.771 1.459 9 . . . . . . .
New York 160 18,585 442 522.152 0.846 0.770 0.928 99 3% 4% 0.000 0.443 0.788 1.242 1.678
North Carolina Yes No 87 11,675 270 307.859 0.877 0.777 0.986 50 10% 2% 0.000 0.377 0.670 1.240 1.686
North Dakota No Yes 7 933 26 22.120 1.175 0.784 1.698 7 . . . . . . .
Ohio No Yes 124 14,780 335 416.403 0.805 0.722 0.894 77 5% 5% 0.000 0.468 0.780 1.219 1.861
Oklahoma 50 4,127 101 100.743 1.003 0.821 1.213 20 10% 10% 0.000 0.604 0.944 1.259 2.067
Oregon Yes Yes 33 4,116 78 106.070 0.735 0.585 0.913 24 4% 8% 0.000 0.000 0.505 0.813 1.331
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 148 15,613 333 419.277 0.794 0.712 0.883 92 2% 2% 0.000 0.392 0.697 1.155 1.629
Puerto Rico 2 . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Rhode Island No Yes 10 1,100 27 25.700 1.051 0.707 1.507 6 . . . . . . .
South Carolina Yes Yes 55 5,152 113 123.115 0.918 0.760 1.099 26 8% 0% 0.000 0.422 0.807 1.047 1.914
South Dakota No Yes 15 1,130 25 26.746 0.935 0.618 1.360 4 . . . . . . .
Tennessee Yes Yes 83 8,737 213 231.052 0.922 0.804 1.052 44 7% 7% 0.000 0.330 0.737 1.518 1.833
Texas Yes Yes 262 25,535 583 675.609 0.863 0.795 0.935 142 6% 4% 0.000 0.252 0.671 1.237 1.605
Utah 33 2,079 57 50.812 1.122 0.858 1.443 10 0% 10% . . . . .
Vermont No Yes 6 431 9 11.136 0.808 0.394 1.483 2 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes Yes 72 8,140 160 207.315 0.772 0.659 0.899 42 5% 5% 0.000 0.000 0.615 0.952 1.528
Washington Yes Yesa 48 6,321 100 166.890 0.599 0.490 0.726 34 3% 6% 0.000 0.000 0.526 0.835 1.314
West Virginia Yes No 27 2,172 80 54.619 1.465 1.169 1.813 14 29% 0% . . . . .
Wisconsin No Yes 70 5,841 114 146.364 0.779 0.645 0.932 35 3% 3% 0.000 0.411 0.731 1.173 1.570
Wyoming No No 10 246 3 5.003 0.600 0.153 1.632 1 . . . . . . .
All US 3,108 327,573 7,256 8,482.246 0.855 0.836 0.875 1,810 6% 4% 0.000 0.321 0.733 1.234 1.767
1. Note that almost all acute care hospitals are required to report SSIs following inpatient colon procedures in adults 18 years and older to NHSN for participation in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program.
SSIs included in this table are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient colon procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure technique, detected during the same admission
as the surgical procedure or upon readmission to the same facility. The colon surgery SSI data published in this report use different risk adjustment methodology and a different subset of data than that which are used for public reporting by CMS.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following colon surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
4. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. Due to SIR exclusion criteria, this may be different from the numbers shown in Table 1. Refer to the Technical Appendix for information about exclusion criteria. SIRs and accompanying
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following colon surgery in 2019.
5. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted colon surgery SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national colon surgery SIR of 0.855. This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted colon surgery SSI in 2019.
6. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted colon surgery SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of colon surgery SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific SIR was neither
6b. Surgical site infections (SSI) following abdominal hysterectomy surgery1 in adults, ≥ 18years

NHSN Any Hospitals No. of 1 predicted higher than lower than Median
State Mandate2 Validation3 Reporting4 Procedures Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper SSI national SIR5 national SIR5 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama Yes Yes 54 7,502 52 43.693 1.190 0.898 1.549 15 20% 0% . . . . .
Alaska 7 563 3 3.416 0.878 0.223 2.390 2 . . . . . . .
Arizona 47 7,863 50 45.513 1.099 0.824 1.437 15 7% 0% . . . . .
Arkansas 37 3,482 23 19.398 1.186 0.770 1.751 6 . . . . . . .
California Yes Yes 290 24,562 136 173.421 0.784 0.660 0.925 62 2% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.683 0.918 1.637
Colorado Yes Yes 47 5,927 40 36.447 1.097 0.795 1.480 14 7% 0% . . . . .
Connecticut Yes No 26 3,691 21 24.843 0.845 0.537 1.270 7 . . . . . . .
D.C. 6 711 4 6.014 0.665 0.211 1.604 3 . . . . . . .
Delaware 7 738 5 5.424 0.922 0.338 2.043 1 . . . . . . .
Florida No Yes 177 23,879 154 145.660 1.057 0.900 1.234 51 12% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.833 1.611 2.414
Georgia 83 14,347 114 95.251 1.197 0.992 1.432 29 14% 3% 0.000 0.486 0.946 1.937 3.174
Guam 1 . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 11 674 2 5.253 0.381 0.064 1.258 2 . . . . . . .
Idaho 14 1,398 9 7.691 1.170 0.571 2.147 2 . . . . . . .
Illinois 119 11,765 79 88.364 0.894 0.713 1.108 31 0% 0% 0.000 0.383 0.779 1.418 1.849
Indiana No No 75 8,190 70 51.322 1.364 1.071 1.713 17 18% 0% . . . . .
Iowa No Yes 33 3,594 12 19.998 0.600 0.325 1.020 3 . . . . . . .
Kansas No Yes 36 3,123 15 19.662 0.763 0.443 1.230 5 . . . . . . .
Kentucky Yes No 55 5,686 36 37.477 0.961 0.683 1.316 10 10% 0% . . . . .
Louisiana 70 5,733 36 36.227 0.994 0.707 1.361 11 9% 0% . . . . .
Maine No No 18 944 2 6.130 0.326 0.055 1.078 1 . . . . . . .
Maryland No Yes 37 5,286 44 37.201 1.183 0.870 1.573 8 . . . . . . .
Massachusetts Yes Yes 49 4,736 36 35.092 1.026 0.729 1.405 9 . . . . . . .
Michigan 82 10,799 109 76.861 1.418 1.170 1.704 26 15% 0% 0.293 0.714 1.398 2.550 2.769
Minnesota Yes Yes 47 4,351 33 32.641 1.011 0.707 1.403 11 9% 0% . . . . .
Mississippi Yes Yes 40 4,203 31 23.212 1.336 0.923 1.872 7 . . . . . . .
Missouri 62 7,988 37 51.946 0.712 0.509 0.971 13 0% 8% . . . . .
Montana No No 12 1,170 5 6.411 0.780 0.286 1.729 1 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 21 2,213 18 14.068 1.280 0.782 1.983 5 . . . . . . .
Nevada No No 17 2,405 14 13.666 1.024 0.583 1.678 7 . . . . . . .
New Hampshire Yes No 13 1,082 4 6.720 0.595 0.189 1.436 3 . . . . . . .
New Jersey Yes No 64 7,082 47 53.481 0.879 0.653 1.159 16 6% 0% . . . . .
New Mexico No No 24 2,084 10 13.337 0.750 0.381 1.337 5 . . . . . . .
New York 152 17,046 133 121.117 1.098 0.923 1.297 35 3% 0% 0.000 0.419 0.779 1.368 2.148
North Carolina Yes No 85 11,439 51 79.801 0.639 0.481 0.834 21 0% 0% 0.000 0.223 0.547 0.901 1.729
North Dakota No Yes 7 395 4 2.423 1.651 0.524 3.982 0 . . . . . . .
Ohio No Yes 118 13,233 77 93.832 0.821 0.652 1.020 27 4% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.620 0.988 1.502
Oklahoma 55 5,934 30 38.406 0.781 0.537 1.101 9 . . . . . . .
Oregon Yes Yes 33 3,452 21 22.887 0.918 0.583 1.379 9 . . . . . . .
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 130 12,711 82 93.518 0.877 0.702 1.083 25 0% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.549 1.080 2.222
Puerto Rico 3 . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Rhode Island No Yes 10 1,376 8 8.273 0.967 0.449 1.836 2 . . . . . . .
South Carolina Yes Yes 48 6,791 42 41.579 1.010 0.737 1.352 13 8% 0% . . . . .
South Dakota No Yes 15 1,312 7 7.961 0.879 0.385 1.739 2 . . . . . . .
Tennessee Yes Yes 72 9,181 45 56.171 0.801 0.591 1.062 14 0% 0% . . . . .
Texas Yes Yes 262 34,603 197 222.089 0.887 0.769 1.018 59 7% 3% 0.000 0.249 0.708 1.442 2.262
Utah 33 3,987 32 21.518 1.487 1.035 2.074 9 . . . . . . .
Vermont Yes Yes 6 358 2 2.810 0.712 0.119 2.352 1 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes Yes 65 9,527 74 60.122 1.231 0.973 1.536 13 15% 0% . . . . .
Washington Yes Yes 50 5,901 25 36.617 0.683 0.452 0.993 13 0% 0% . . . . .
West Virginia Yes No 24 2,700 24 16.216 1.480 0.970 2.169 6 . . . . . . .
Wisconsin No Yes 65 6,188 50 38.017 1.315 0.987 1.720 13 8% 8% . . . . .
Wyoming No No 9 323 2 1.622 1.233 0.207 4.073 0 . . . . . . .
All US 2,925 334,530 2,157 2,202.639 0.979 0.939 1.021 669 7% 1% 0.000 0.306 0.753 1.399 2.271
1. Note that almost all acute care hospitals are required to report SSIs following inpatient abdominal hysterectomy procedures in adults 18 years and older to NHSN for participation in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program.
SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient abdominal hysterectomy procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure technique, detected during the same admission
as the surgical procedure or upon readmission to the same facility. The abdominal hysterectomy SSI data published in this report use different risk adjustment methodology and a different subset of data than that which are used for public reporting by CMS.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following abdominal hysterectomy surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
4. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. Due to SIR exclusion criteria, this may be different from the numbers shown in Table 1. Refer to the Technical Appendix for information about exclusion criteria. SIRs and accompanying
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following abdominal hysterectomy surgery in 2019.
5. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted abdominal hysterectomy SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national abdominal hysterectomy SIR of 0.979. This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted abdominal hysterectomy SSI in 2019.
6. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted abdominal hysterectomy SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of abdominal hysterectomy SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific
SIR was neither calculated nor included in the distribution of facility-specific SIRs.
6c. Surgical site infections (SSI) following hip arthroplasty1 in adults, ≥ 18years

NHSN Hospitals No. of 1 predicted higher than lower than Median
State Mandate2 Reporting3 Procedures Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper SSI national SIR4 national SIR4 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama No 17 3,582 15 23.378 0.642 0.373 1.035 8 . . . . . . .
Alaska 3 0 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Arizona 43 10,016 84 70.564 1.190 0.956 1.466 24 21% 8% 0.000 0.318 0.963 2.527 2.798
Arkansas 18 2,869 15 17.718 0.847 0.492 1.365 8 . . . . . . .
California Yes 295 46,491 260 290.125 0.896 0.792 1.010 91 5% 2% 0.000 0.000 0.700 1.112 1.984
Colorado Yes 53 11,831 85 65.378 1.300 1.045 1.600 26 12% 0% 0.000 0.594 1.314 1.899 2.379
Connecticut No 15 3,892 34 23.525 1.445 1.017 1.997 8 . . . . . . .
D.C. 3 0 . . . . . 3 . . . . . . .
Delaware 4 0 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Florida No 64 14,678 100 93.504 1.069 0.875 1.295 32 3% 3% 0.000 0.289 0.850 1.433 2.172
Georgia 66 10,579 86 77.541 1.109 0.893 1.363 29 3% 0% 0.000 0.634 0.927 1.596 2.374
Guam 1 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 5 895 1 6.549 0.153 0.008 0.753 1 . . . . . . .
Idaho 8 1,574 5 9.232 0.542 0.198 1.201 2 . . . . . . .
Illinois 63 11,925 85 76.362 1.113 0.895 1.37 33 9% 3% 0.000 0.439 0.887 1.762 2.673
Indiana No 54 8,551 61 55.855 1.092 0.843 1.393 16 0% 0% . . . . .
Iowa No 21 4,790 31 28.367 1.093 0.756 1.532 8 . . . . . . .
Kansas No 29 4,122 14 23.295 0.601 0.342 0.984 8 . . . . . . .
Kentucky No 21 2,011 11 13.948 0.789 0.415 1.371 4 . . . . . . .
Louisiana 35 3,690 32 31.019 1.032 0.718 1.439 12 8% 0% . . . . .
Maine No 14 2,924 18 15.629 1.152 0.704 1.785 3 . . . . . . .
Maryland No 43 9,873 50 60.608 0.825 0.619 1.079 22 5% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.761 0.921 1.198
Massachusetts Yes 56 15,056 89 97.252 0.915 0.739 1.121 25 12% 0% 0.000 0.413 0.705 0.985 2.616
Michigan 67 15,613 117 101.429 1.154 0.958 1.377 32 3% 0% 0.000 0.768 1.047 1.595 1.992
Minnesota No 32 7,121 64 52.886 1.210 0.940 1.535 10 0% 0% . . . . .
Mississippi No 21 3,457 48 27.481 1.747 1.302 2.296 7 . . . . . . .
Missouri 60 12,919 82 91.973 0.892 0.714 1.101 26 8% 12% 0.000 0.283 0.902 1.676 2.097
Montana No 6 1,428 13 7.424 1.751 0.974 2.919 3 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 6 1,184 3 8.432 0.356 0.091 0.968 2 . . . . . . .
Nevada Yes 20 4,538 22 28.395 0.775 0.498 1.154 11 0% 0% . . . . .
New Hampshire No 9 1,839 23 11.619 1.980 1.285 2.923 4 . . . . . . .
New Jersey No 35 6,430 47 40.639 1.157 0.860 1.525 12 17% 0% . . . . .
New Mexico No 7 789 3 4.941 0.607 0.154 1.652 1 . . . . . . .
New York 154 34,730 198 216.170 0.916 0.795 1.050 59 5% 2% 0.000 0.420 0.694 1.093 1.715
North Carolina No 30 9,485 64 56.144 1.140 0.885 1.446 14 7% 14% . . . . .
North Dakota No 3 0 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Ohio No 57 11,053 83 75.243 1.103 0.884 1.360 24 8% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.816 1.531 2.983
Oklahoma 30 4,114 31 29.545 1.049 0.726 1.471 9 . . . . . . .
Oregon Yes 32 8,132 59 48.483 1.217 0.935 1.559 16 19% 0% . . . . .
Pennsylvania Yes 151 30,645 198 193.121 1.025 0.890 1.176 58 5% 2% 0.000 0.000 0.667 1.258 1.939
Puerto Rico 3 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Rhode Island No 6 1,092 4 5.681 0.704 0.224 1.699 1 . . . . . . .
South Carolina Yes 53 9,406 59 59.077 0.999 0.767 1.279 21 10% 5% 0.000 0.000 0.741 1.200 2.569
South Dakota No 11 2,205 14 16.673 0.840 0.478 1.375 4 . . . . . . .
Tennessee No 57 12,179 80 89.290 0.896 0.715 1.109 24 0% 4% 0.000 0.373 0.690 1.411 1.839
Texas Yes 276 35,544 262 261.483 1.002 0.886 1.129 79 6% 1% 0.000 0.000 0.695 1.402 2.871
Utah 4 0 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Vermont Yes 6 949 8 6.195 1.291 0.600 2.452 2 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 0 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virginia No 27 6,965 42 44.400 0.946 0.691 1.267 12 8% 0% . . . . .
Washington No 47 12,694 68 67.215 1.012 0.792 1.275 25 4% 4% 0.000 0.000 0.809 1.615 2.108
West Virginia No 10 1,494 13 12.853 1.011 0.563 1.686 3 . . . . . . .
Wisconsin No 62 11,941 53 69.804 0.759 0.574 0.986 30 7% 0% 0.000 0.000 0.562 1.208 1.931
Wyoming No 6 251 2 1.357 1.474 0.247 4.869 0 . . . . . . .
All US 2,219 421,386 2,782 2,737.087 1.016 0.979 1.055 859 7% 2% 0.000 0.289 0.806 1.464 2.271
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient hip arthroplasty procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure technique,
detected during the same admission as the surgical procedure or upon readmission to the same facility.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following hip arthroplasty surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. Refer to the Technical Appendix for information about exclusion criteria. SIRs and accompanying
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following hip arthroplasty in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted hip arthroplasty SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national hip arthroplasty SIR of 1.016. This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted hip arthroplasty SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted hip arthroplasty SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of hip arthroplasty SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific
6d. Surgical site infections (SSI) following knee arthroplasty1 in adults, ≥ 18years

NHSN Hospitals No. of 1 predicted higher than lower than Median
State Mandate2 Reporting3 Procedures Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper SSI national SIR 4
national SIR4 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama No 18 5,550 23 21.033 1.094 0.710 1.615 7 . . . . . . .
Alaska 3 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Arizona 43 11,598 60 45.088 1.331 1.025 1.701 20 15% 0% 0.000 0.195 0.832 2.445 3.633
Arkansas 20 4,624 22 16.702 1.317 0.846 1.962 8 . . . . . . .
California Yes 285 57,333 220 219.681 1.001 0.876 1.141 76 3% 4% 0.000 0.000 0.640 1.386 2.439
Colorado Yes 53 17,097 79 58.830 1.343 1.070 1.665 22 9% 0% 0.000 0.348 0.951 1.821 2.692
Connecticut No 15 5,048 24 18.370 1.306 0.856 1.914 7 . . . . . . .
D.C. 3 0 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Delaware 3 0 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Florida No 64 17,510 69 66.675 1.035 0.811 1.302 27 4% 0% 0.000 0.333 0.786 1.480 1.800
Georgia 65 14,133 98 56.039 1.749 1.427 2.122 25 24% 0% 0.000 0.543 0.820 2.223 3.559
Guam 1 0.00 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Hawaii 5 1,187 4 4.672 0.856 0.272 2.065 1 . . . . . . .
Idaho 8 2,393 7 8.210 0.853 0.373 1.687 2 . . . . . . .
Illinois 116 29,396 103 111.639 0.923 0.757 1.114 43 2% 2% 0.000 0.000 0.938 1.328 2.219
Indiana No 52 13,170 43 43.850 0.981 0.719 1.309 16 0% 6% . . . . .
Iowa No 19 6,630 18 19.918 0.904 0.552 1.401 7 . . . . . . .
Kansas No 27 5,807 13 19.987 0.650 0.362 1.084 7 . . . . . . .
Kentucky No 20 3,399 8 13.563 0.590 0.274 1.120 3 . . . . . . .
Louisiana 35 5,537 30 25.603 1.172 0.805 1.652 8 . . . . . . .
Maine No 13 3,431 7 9.368 0.747 0.327 1.478 2 . . . . . . .
Maryland No 43 13,986 41 52.849 0.776 0.564 1.042 19 0% 5% . . . . .
Massachusetts Yes 56 18,391 85 64.811 1.312 1.054 1.614 21 14% 0% 0.000 0.617 0.955 1.530 2.895
Michigan 64 20,097 72 74.022 0.973 0.767 1.218 25 4% 12% 0.000 0.595 0.891 1.898 2.246
Minnesota No 32 9,276 36 37.086 0.971 0.690 1.329 10 10% 0% . . . . .
Mississippi No 19 5,101 28 20.411 1.372 0.930 1.956 7 . . . . . . .
Missouri 40 14,436 39 52.451 0.744 0.536 1.006 16 0% 13% . . . . .
Montana No 7 2,035 7 6.101 1.147 0.502 2.270 3 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 7 1,577 4.00 6.169 0.648 0.206 1.564 2 . . . . . . .
Nevada Yes 20 5,335 24 20.012 1.199 0.786 1.757 9 . . . . . . .
New Hampshire Yes 13 3,026 10 12.332 0.811 0.412 1.445 4 . . . . . . .
New Jersey No 66 17,636 60 62.977 0.953 0.733 1.218 23 4% 4% 0.000 0.267 0.823 1.516 2.385
New Mexico No 7 1,198 6 4.224 1.420 0.576 2.954 1 . . . . . . .
New York 46 22,878 99 80.668 1.227 1.003 1.488 22 5% 0% 0.000 0.593 0.929 1.371 1.547
North Carolina No 30 13,864 49 46.846 1.046 0.782 1.371 13 8% 8% . . . . .
North Dakota No 3 0 . . . . . 1 . . . . . . .
Ohio No 58 15,338 49 54.604 0.897 0.671 1.177 15 0% 13% . . . . .
Oklahoma 33 6,281 25 21.622 1.156 0.765 1.682 5 . . . . . . .
Oregon Yes 32 10,104 46 32.165 1.430 1.059 1.891 12 8% 0% . . . . .
Pennsylvania Yes 147 42,627 141 144.853 0.973 0.822 1.144 49 2% 0% 0.000 0.347 0.760 1.087 2.093
Puerto Rico 2 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Rhode Island No 6 1,267 3 4.518 0.664 0.169 1.807 1 . . . . . . .
South Carolina Yes 52 13,844 45 47.536 0.947 0.699 1.255 18 0% 0% . . . . .
South Dakota No 11 3,288 15 12.090 1.241 0.721 2.000 3 . . . . . . .
Tennessee No 49 16,855 58 63.867 0.908 0.696 1.166 20 5% 0% 0.000 0.264 0.598 1.610 2.491
Texas Yes 275 58,056 213 215.271 0.989 0.863 1.129 64 6% 2% 0.000 0.000 0.741 1.443 2.348
Utah 4 0 . . . . . 2 . . . . . . .
Vermont Yes 6 1,111 3 4.043 0.742 0.189 2.019 2 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 0 0 . . . . . 0 . . . . . . .
Virginia No 26 8,521 39 30.715 1.270 0.915 1.718 11 0% 0% . . . . .
Washington No 46 14,719 51 45.848 1.112 0.837 1.451 17 6% 0% . . . . .
West Virginia No 10 2,420 11 10.115 1.087 0.572 1.890 4 . . . . . . .
Wisconsin No 62 15,657 36 50.262 0.716 0.509 0.981 16 0% 0% . . . . .
Wyoming No 6 345 1 1.040 0.962 0.048 4.743 0 . . . . . . .
All US 2,146 568,294 2,156 2,059.366 1.047 1.003 1.092 699 5% 2% 0.000 0.252 0.807 1.481 2.344
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient knee arthroplasty procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure technique,
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following knee arthroplasty surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. Refer to the Technical Appendix for information about exclusion criteria. SIRs and accompanying
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following knee arthroplasty in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted knee arthroplasty SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national knee arthroplasty SIR of 1.047. This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted knee arthroplasty SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted knee arthroplasty SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of knee arthroplasty SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific
Table 6. State-specific standardized infection ratios (S
NHSN Acute Care Hospitals
6e. Surgical site infections (SSI) followin
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
NHSN Hospitals No. of
State Mandate2 Reporting3 Procedures Observed Predicted
Alabama No 0 0 . .
Alaska 0 0 . .
Arizona 1 0 . .
Arkansas 2 0 . .
California Yes 264 6,112 39 104.270
Colorado No 6 75 0 1.023
Connecticut No 0 0 . .
D.C. 0 0 . .
Delaware 0 0 . .
Florida No 5 196 0 4.436
Georgia 0 0 . .
Guam 0 0 . .
Hawaii 0 0 . .
Idaho 0 0 . .
Illinois 5 147 1 4.349
Indiana No 1 0 . .
Iowa No 0 0 . .
Kansas No 0 0 . .
Kentucky No 1 0 . .
Louisiana 7 250 4 4.281
Maine No 0 0 . .
Maryland No 0 0 . .
Massachusetts No 1 0 . .
Michigan 2 0 . .
Minnesota No 1 0 . .
Mississippi No 0 0 . .
Missouri 2 0 . .
Montana No 2 0 . .
Nebraska 1 0 . .
Nevada No 2 0 . .
New Hampshire No 0 0 . .
New Jersey No 0 0 . .
New Mexico No 0 0 . .
New York 1 0 . .
North Carolina No 1 0 . .
North Dakota No 0 0 . .
Ohio No 20 277 2 3.446
Oklahoma 0 0 . .
Oregon No 1 0 . .
Pennsylvania Yes 38 1,113 12 19.724
Puerto Rico 0 0 . .
Rhode Island No 0 0 . .
South Carolina No 0 0 . .
South Dakota No 1 0 . .
Tennessee No 1 0 . .
Texas No 2 0 . .
Utah 0 0 . .
Vermont No 0 0 . .
Virgin Islands 0 0 . .
Virginia No 7 35 0 0.643
Washington No 6 267 3 3.111
West Virginia No 1 0 . .
Wisconsin No 3 0 . .
Wyoming No 0 0 . .
All US 385 9,466 70 163.966
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient rectal surge
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following rectal surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. Refer to the Technical Appendix for information about exclu
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following rectal surgery in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted rectal surgery SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nomina
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted rectal surgery SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted rectal surgery SSI in 2019. If a
cific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR summary measures,
urgical site infections (SSI) following rectal surgery1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific SIRs at Ke
No. of facilities % of facilities % of facilities

with at least with SIR sig with SIR sig
1 predicted higher than lower than
SIR Lower Upper SSI national SIR4 national SIR4 10% 25%
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 1 . . . .
0.374 0.270 0.506 20 5% 0% 0.000 0.000
0.000 . 2.930 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.000 . 0.675 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.230 0.012 1.134 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.934 0.297 2.254 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 1 . . . .
. . . 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.580 0.097 1.918 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.608 0.330 1.034 7 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 1 . . . .
. . . 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.964 0.245 2.624 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.427 0.335 0.536 38 3% 0% 0.000 0.000
g NHSN-defined inpatient rectal surgery procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure technique,
the same facility.
to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
al Appendix for information about exclusion criteria. SIRs and accompanying
llowing rectal surgery in 2019.
ficantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national rectal surgery SIR of 0.427. This is only calculated if
edicted rectal surgery SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of rectal surgery SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific
lity-specific SIRs at Key Percentiles5
Median
(50%) 75% 90%
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
0.000 0.613 0.905
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
0.000 0.686 1.030
n closure technique,
NHSN Acute Care Hospital
6f. Surgical site infections (SSI) following va
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
Alabama No 1 0 . .
Alaska 0 0 . .
Arizona 2 0 . .
Arkansas 3 0 . .
California Yes 240 4,294 18 24.089
Colorado No 16 251 0 1.694
D.C. 0 0 . .
Delaware 1 0 . .
Florida No 5 131 1 0.681
Georgia 1 0 . .
Guam 0 0 . .
Hawaii 0 0 . .
Idaho 0 0 . .
Illinois 5 125 1 0.855
Indiana No 7 146 1 0.754
Iowa No 2 0 . .
Kansas No 1 0 . .
Kentucky No 2 0 . .
Louisiana 7 47 0 0.306
Maine No 0 0 . .
Maryland No 3 0 . .
Massachusetts No 43 779 8 4.837
Michigan 4 0 . .
Mississippi No 5 257 1 1.259
Missouri 1 0 . .
Montana No 2 0 . .
Nebraska 2 0 . .
Nevada No 0 0 . .
New Mexico No 8 171 1 0.744
New York 5 37 1 0.194
Ohio No 19 220 1 1.148
Oklahoma 3 0 . .
Oregon No 2 0 . .
Pennsylvania Yes 30 712 4 4.952
Puerto Rico 0 0 . .
Texas Yes 201 5,074 18 26.997
Utah 0 0 . .
Vermont No 0 0 . .
Virginia No 4 0 . .
Wyoming No 0 0 . .
All US 664 14,330 67 81.469
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient vaginal hys
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following vaginal hysterectomy surgery to NHSN at the beginni
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following vaginal hysterectomy in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted vaginal hysterectomy SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted vaginal hysterectomy SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted vaginal hysterectomy SSI in 20
cal site infections (SSI) following vaginal hysterectomy1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific SIRs at K

SIR Lower Upper SSI national SIR4 national SIR4 10% 25%
. . . 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.747 0.457 1.158 0 . . . .
0.000 . 1.768 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
1.654 0.768 3.141 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.795 0.040 3.919 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.871 0.044 4.296 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.808 0.257 1.948 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.667 0.408 1.033 3 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.000 . 1.674 0 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
. . . 1 . . . .
. . . 0 . . . .
0.822 0.642 1.038 7 . . . .
g NHSN-defined inpatient vaginal hysterectomy procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure techniq
the same facility.
ctomy surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
llowing vaginal hysterectomy in 2019.
IR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national vaginal hysterectomy SIR of 0.822. This is only calculated if
edicted vaginal hysterectomy SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of vaginal hysterectomy SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific
lity-specific SIRs at Key Percentiles5
Median
(50%) 75% 90%
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
. . .
ary skin closure technique,
is only calculated if
cility-specific
Table 6. State-specific standardized infection ratios (
NHSN Acute Care Hospita
6g. Surgical site infections (SSI) following coro
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
Alabama No 6 1,007 7 6.314
Alaska 1 . . .
Arizona 13 1,958 14 11.560
Arkansas 8 1,140 7 9.255
California Yes 125 15,791 84 117.912
Colorado No 10 1,218 4 8.294
Connecticut No 1 . . .
D.C. 2 . . .
Delaware 1 . . .
Florida No 9 2,450 11 17.965
Georgia 10 2,203 7 19.253
Guam 0 . . .
Hawaii 1 . . .
Idaho 1 . . .
Illinois 56 6,817 37 56.399
Indiana No 12 1,824 13 14.307
Iowa No 2 . . .
Kansas No 5 549 2 3.353
Kentucky No 2 . . .
Louisiana 10 1,414 9 11.330
Maine No 1 . . .
Maryland No 10 2,619 9 19.005
Massachusetts Yes 13 3,925 26 32.514
Michigan 8 1,314 9 10.735
Minnesota No 3 . . .
Mississippi No 11 1,817 22 14.809
Missouri 29 4,879 30 38.984
Montana No 4 . . .
Nebraska 3 . . .
Nevada Yes 12 1,632 12 11.563
New Hampshire Yes 4 . . .
New Jersey No 18 4,928 26 36.267
New Mexico No 0 . . .
New York 36 10,464 80 91.949
North Carolina No 7 2,117 14 18.330
North Dakota No 1 . . .
Ohio No 22 2,596 16 20.744
Oklahoma 6 946 6 7.564
Oregon Yes 11 2,444 12 15.575
Puerto Rico 0 . . .
Rhode Island No 1 . . .
South Carolina Yes 17 3,699 32 29.331
South Dakota No 1 . . .
Tennessee Yes 20 6,461 45 50.898
Texas Yes 128 16,682 106 121.364
Utah 1 . . .
Vermont No 1 . . .
Virginia No 8 1,530 11 13.653
Washington No 14 3,050 13 22.972
West Virginia No 2 . . .
Wisconsin No 19 2,954 16 21.035
Wyoming No 1 . . .
All US 745 127,803 772 991.956
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient coronary ar
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following coronary artery bypass graft surgery to NHSN at the b
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following coronary artery bypass graft in
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted coronary artery bypass graft SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less t
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted coronary artery bypass graft SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted coronary artery bypass graft SS
ecific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR summary measures,
al site infections (SSI) following coronary artery bypass graft1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific SIRs at

SIR Lower Upper SSI national SIR4 national SIR4 10%
1.109 0.485 2.193 4 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.211 0.689 1.984 7 . . .
0.756 0.331 1.496 3 . . .
0.712 0.572 0.878 36 3% 0% 0.000
0.482 0.153 1.163 2 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.612 0.322 1.064 7 . . .
0.364 0.159 0.719 7 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.656 0.469 0.895 21 0% 0% 0.000
0.909 0.505 1.515 6 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
0.596 0.100 1.971 2 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.794 0.387 1.458 4 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.474 0.231 0.869 7 . . .
0.800 0.533 1.155 9 . . .
0.838 0.409 1.539 4 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
1.486 0.955 2.212 6 . . .
0.770 0.529 1.085 16 0% 0% .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
1.038 0.562 1.764 6 . . .
. . . 3 . . .
0.717 0.478 1.035 13 0% 0% .
. . . 0 . . .
0.870 0.694 1.077 29 10% 3% 0.000
0.764 0.435 1.251 6 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.771 0.457 1.226 6 . . .
0.793 0.322 1.650 4 . . .
0.770 0.417 1.310 7 . . .
0.664 0.492 0.878 28 0% 0% 0.000
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
1.091 0.759 1.522 11 9% 0% .
. . . 0 . . .
0.884 0.653 1.173 17 6% 6% .
0.873 0.719 1.052 41 2% 0% 0.000
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.806 0.424 1.400 5 . . .
0.566 0.315 0.943 9 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.761 0.450 1.209 6 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.778 0.725 0.835 352 4% 1% 0.000
g NHSN-defined inpatient coronary artery bypass graft procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure
the same facility.
bypass graft surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
llowing coronary artery bypass graft in 2019.
d an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national coronary artery bypass graft SIR of 0.778. This is only ca
edicted coronary artery bypass graft SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of coronary artery bypass graft SSI was <1.0, a facility-spec
Facility-specific SIRs at Key Percentiles5
Median
25% (50%) 75% 90%
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.541 0.937 1.699
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.495 0.783 1.724
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.644 1.308 2.040
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.571 1.085 1.436
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.372 0.751 1.221 1.845
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.632 1.090 1.749
other than primary skin closure technique,
raft SIR of 0.778. This is only calculated if
graft SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific

Table 6. State-specific standardized infection ratios
NHSN Acute Care Hospi
6h. Surgical site infections (SSI) following
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
Alabama No 0 . . .
Alaska 1 . . .
Arizona 6 617 1 2.644
Arkansas 3 . . .
California Yes 166 13,335 38 51.880
Colorado No 4 . . .
Connecticut No 1 . . .
D.C. 1 . . .
Delaware 0 . . .
Florida No 6 515 3 2.214
Georgia 2 . . .
Guam 0 . . .
Hawaii 0 . . .
Idaho 1 . . .
Illinois 7 342 0 1.516
Indiana No 3 . . .
Iowa No 2 . . .
Kansas No 4 . . .
Kentucky No 2 . . .
Louisiana 8 609 3 2.609
Maine No 1 . . .
Maryland No 2 . . .
Massachusetts No 2 . . .
Michigan 4 . . .
Minnesota No 3 . . .
Mississippi No 2 . . .
Missouri 8 705 4 2.861
Montana No 3 . . .
Nebraska 2 . . .
Nevada No 1 . . .
New Hampshire No 0 . . .
New Jersey No 5 973 6 3.344
New York 7 1,770 7 7.746
North Carolina No 1 . . .
Ohio No 18 860 4 3.687
Oklahoma 3 . . .
Oregon No 3 . . .
Puerto Rico 0 . . .
South Carolina No 3 . . .
Tennessee No 6 1,364 1 5.731
Texas Yes 19 1,420 5 5.708
Utah 0 . . .
Vermont No 0 . . .
Washington No 17 2,199 4 8.075
Wisconsin No 14 1,778 9 7.772
Wyoming No 0 . . .
All US 416 43,955 143 177.674
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient other cardia
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following other cardiac surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 20
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following other cardiac surgery in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted other cardiac surgery SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted other cardiac surgery SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted other cardiac surgery SSI in 20
pecific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR summary measures,
rgical site infections (SSI) following other cardiac surgery 1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific SIRs

. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.378 0.019 1.866 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.732 0.526 0.995 17 0% 0% .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.355 0.345 3.687 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.000 . 1.976 0 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
1.150 0.292 3.129 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.398 0.444 3.373 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.794 0.727 3.732 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.904 0.395 1.788 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.085 0.345 2.617 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.778 0.505 1.149 10 0% 0% .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.174 0.009 0.861 2 . . .
0.876 0.321 1.942 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.583 0.029 2.874 1 . . .
0.495 0.157 1.195 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.158 0.565 2.125 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.805 0.681 0.945 59 3% 0% 0.000
g NHSN-defined inpatient other cardiac surgery procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure techniq
the same facility.
urgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
llowing other cardiac surgery in 2019.
IR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national other cardiac surgery SIR of 0.805. This is only calculated if
edicted other cardiac surgery SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of other cardiac surgery SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific
Median
25% (50%) 75% 90%
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.782 1.362 1.826
n primary skin closure technique,
. This is only calculated if
.0, a facility-specific
Table 6. State-specific standardized infection ratio
NHSN Acute Care Hosp
6i. Surgical site infections (SSI) following periph
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
Alabama No 0 0 . .
Alaska 0 0 . .
Arizona 0 0 . .
Arkansas 2 0 . .
California No 47 613 11 12.758
Colorado No 3 0 . .
D.C. 0 0 . .
Delaware 0 0 . .
Florida No 3 0 . .
Georgia 2 0 . .
Guam 0 0 . .
Hawaii 0 0 . .
Idaho 0 0 . .
Illinois 5 91 0 1.841
Indiana No 0 0 . .
Iowa No 0 0 . .
Kansas No 0 0 . .
Kentucky No 1 0 . .
Louisiana 6 333 4 7.392
Maine No 1 0 . .
Maryland No 1 0 . .
Michigan 4 0 . .
Missouri 6 559 12 13.044
Montana No 2 0 . .
Nebraska 0 0 . .
Nevada No 0 0 . .
New York 12 452 14 9.984
Ohio No 16 492 10 10.073
Oklahoma 0 0 . .
Oregon No 4 0 . .
Puerto Rico 0 0 . .
Texas Yes 149 4,347 66 82.317
Utah 0 0 . .
Vermont No 0 0 . .
Wisconsin No 7 206 6 4.956
Wyoming No 0 0 . .
All US 333 10,439 211 215.924
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient peripheral v
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following peripheral vascular bypass surgery to NHSN at the b
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following peripheral vascular bypass sur
4 Percent of facilities with at least one predicted peripheral vascular bypass surgery SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted peripheral vascular bypass surgery SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted peripheral vascular bypass sur
specific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR summary measures,
site infections (SSI) following peripheral vascular bypass surgery 1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific SIR

. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.862 0.453 1.499 3 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.000 . 1.627 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.541 0.172 1.305 2 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 3 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.920 0.498 1.564 5 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.402 0.798 2.297 4 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.993 0.504 1.770 3 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 3 . . .
1.614 1.192 2.141 11 9% 0% .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.802 0.625 1.014 29 3% 0% 0.000
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.835 0.308 6.062 0 . . .
0.651 0.207 1.571 3 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.211 0.491 2.518 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.977 0.852 1.116 77 6% 1% 0.000
g NHSN-defined inpatient peripheral vascular bypass surgery procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin c
the same facility.
ular bypass surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
llowing peripheral vascular bypass surgery in 2019.
hat had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national peripheral vascular bypass surgery SIR of 1.182. T
edicted peripheral vascular bypass surgery SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of peripheral vascular bypass surgery SSI was <1.0,
Median
25% (50%) 75% 90%
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.814 1.439 2.643
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.830 1.663 2.343
or other than primary skin closure technique,
ass surgery SIR of 1.182. This is only calculated if
ypass surgery SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific

Table 6. State-specific standardized infection ra
NHSN Acute Care Ho
6j. Surgical site infections (SSI) following ab
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
Alabama No 0 0 . .
Alaska 0 0 . .
Arizona 0 0 . .
Arkansas 1 0 . .
California Yes 96 362 1 2.462
Colorado No 1 0 . .
D.C. 0 0 . .
Delaware 0 0 . .
Florida No 2 0 . .
Georgia 0 0 . .
Guam 0 0 . .
Hawaii 0 0 . .
Idaho 0 0 . .
Illinois 1 0 . .
Indiana No 0 0 . .
Iowa No 0 0 . .
Kansas No 0 0 . .
Kentucky No 0 0 . .
Louisiana 4 0 . .
Maine No 0 0 . .
Maryland No 0 0 . .
Michigan 1 0 . .
Missouri 0 0 . .
Montana No 1 0 . .
Nebraska 0 0 . .
Nevada No 0 0 . .
New York 2 0 . .
Ohio No 7 16 0 0.109
Oklahoma 0 0 . .
Oregon No 0 0 . .
Pennsylvania Yes 16 99 3 0.673
Puerto Rico 0 0 . .
Texas Yes 83 402 2 2.734
Utah 0 0 . .
Vermont No 0 0 . .
Virginia No 1 0 . .
Washington No 1 0 . .
Wyoming No 0 0 . .
All US 226 1,044 6 7.099
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient abdominal a
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair surgery to NHSN a
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following abdominal aortic aneurysm rep
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted abdominal aortic aneurysm repair SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted abdominal aortic aneurysm repair SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted abdominal aortic aneurysm rep
te-specific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR summary measures,
cal site infections (SSI) following abdominal aortic aneurysm repair 1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs

SIR Lower Upper SSI national SIR4 national SIR4
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
0.406 0.020 2.004 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
0.732 0.123 2.417 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
. . . 0 . .
0.845 0.343 1.758 0 . .
g NHSN-defined inpatient abdominal aortic aneurysm repair procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin clo
the same facility.
c aneurysm repair surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
llowing abdominal aortic aneurysm repair in 2019.
hat had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national abdominal aortic aneurysm repair SIR of 0.845. This
edicted abdominal aortic aneurysm repair SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair SSI was <1.0, a f
Median
10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
. . . . .
ary or other than primary skin closure technique,
neurysm repair SIR of 0.845. This is only calculated if
neurysm repair SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific

Table 6. State-specific standardized infection rati
NHSN Acute Care Hos
6k. Surgical site infections (SSI) following
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
Alabama No 3 0 . .
Alaska 1 0 . .
Arizona 2 0 . .
Arkansas 2 0 . .
California Yes 230 122,992 185 214.983
Colorado No 19 6,460 20 11.918
D.C. 1 0 . .
Delaware 1 0 . .
Florida No 5 3,529 4 7.384
Georgia 5 5,673 14 11.208
Guam 0 . . .
Hawaii 1 . . .
Idaho 2 . . .
Illinois 9 2,868 4 4.098
Indiana No 10 3,522 7 5.900
Iowa No 3 0 . .
Kansas No 1 0 . .
Kentucky No 2 0 . .
Louisiana 9 5,701 10 11.403
Maine No 2 0 . .
Maryland No 2 0 . .
Michigan 7 5,912 22 14.143
Mississippi No 6 2,141 6 2.386
Missouri 13 9,311 8 20.611
Montana No 4 0 . .
Nebraska 2 0 . .
Nevada No 8 6,923 9 9.508
New Jersey No 5 1343 2 2.381
New York 7 1918 12 2.927
Ohio No 30 13,105 21 22.883
Oklahoma 5 1,591 1 1.553
Oregon No 0 0 . .
Puerto Rico 0 0 . .
South Carolina No 5 2,135 5 4.811
Tennessee No 5 3,802 11 10.700
Texas No 40 22,703 70 50.058
Utah 1 0 . .
Vermont No 0 0 . .
Virginia No 8 2,013 8 4.240
Wisconsin No 18 5,533 12 11.164
Wyoming No 0 0 . .
All US 548 278,123 547 528.843
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient cesarean s
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following cesarean section surgery to NHSN at the beginning
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following cesarean section surgery in 20
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted cesarean section surgery SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less tha
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted cesarean section surgery SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted cesarean section surgery SSI
-specific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR summary measures,
urgical site infections (SSI) following cesarean section surgery1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific

. . . 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.861 0.743 0.991 71 0% 1% 0.000
1.678 1.054 2.546 3 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.542 0.172 1.307 2 . . .
1.249 0.711 2.046 5 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.976 0.310 2.354 0 . . .
1.186 0.519 2.347 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.877 0.445 1.563 3 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.556 1.000 2.316 4 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
2.515 1.019 5.231 1 . . .
0.388 0.180 0.737 6 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.947 0.462 1.737 4 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.84 0.141 2.775 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
4.100 2.222 6.971 1 . . .
0.662 0.210 1.596 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.918 0.583 1.379 6 . . .
0.644 0.032 3.175 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.997 0.750 1.300 13 8% 15% .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
1.039 0.381 2.304 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
1.028 0.541 1.787 2 . . .
1.398 1.098 1.756 14 14% 0% .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.887 0.876 3.583 1 . . .
0.878 0.322 1.946 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.075 0.582 1.827 4 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.034 0.950 1.124 158 6% 4% 0.000
g NHSN-defined inpatient cesarean section surgery procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure tec
the same facility.
on surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
llowing cesarean section surgery in 2019.
an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national cesarean section surgery SIR of 1.034. This is only calcula
edicted cesarean section surgery SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of cesarean section surgery SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific
Median
25% (50%) 75% 90%
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.700 1.218 1.681
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.304 0.801 1.339 1.999
n primary skin closure technique,
034. This is only calculated if
s <1.0, a facility-specific
NHSN Acute Care Hospita
6l. Surgical site infections (SSI) following s
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
Alabama No 4 . . .
Alaska 1 . . .
Arizona 5 3,701 30 32.373
Arkansas 6 1,206 11 6.859
California Yes 220 42,431 293 326.064
Colorado No 28 8,196 70 58.592
Connecticut No 8 2,653 22 16.390
D.C. 1 . . .
Delaware 1 . . .
Florida No 18 5,311 46 41.113
Georgia 14 5,869 79 42.320
Guam 1 . . .
Hawaii 1 . . .
Idaho 5 1,971 15 9.252
Illinois 9 2,410 15 19.759
Indiana No 17 6,555 39 38.874
Iowa No 4 . . .
Kansas No 3 . . .
Kentucky No 1 . . .
Louisiana 12 2,451 22 18.599
Maine No 2 . . .
Maryland No 8 3,402 35 25.287
Massachusetts No 5 1,843 6 10.037
Michigan 11 4,507 25 29.765
Minnesota No 9 4,250 36 46.385
Mississippi No 11 2,523 25 20.227
Missouri 20 5,848 34 43.526
Montana No 4 . . .
Nebraska 1 . . .
Nevada No 15 5,687 30 34.642
New Jersey No 8 1,563 11 12.107
New York 119 27,875 207 214.429
Ohio No 31 9,309 70 64.697
Oklahoma 6 1,598 14 11.987
Oregon No 10 3,066 15 24.057
Puerto Rico 0 . . .
Tennessee No 13 6,666 102 69.083
Texas Yes 77 13,838 90 89.779
Utah 3 . . .
Vermont No 1 . . .
Virginia No 11 3,265 25 29.969
Washington No 17 5,144 29 32.218
Wisconsin No 16 2,967 22 19.726
Wyoming No 3 . . .
All US 836 219,535 1,729 1,671.782
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient fusion surge
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following fusion surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following spinal fusion surgery in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted fusion surgery SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nomin
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted fusion surgery SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted fusion surgery SSI in 2019. If a
ical site infections (SSI) following spinal fusion surgery 1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific SIRs at K

. . . 2 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.927 0.637 1.306 3 . . .
1.604 0.843 2.788 2 . . .
0.899 0.800 1.006 94 4% 3% 0.000
1.195 0.938 1.500 14 14% 7% .
1.342 0.863 1.999 5 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
1.119 0.829 1.479 9 . . .
1.867 1.488 2.314 12 33% 0% .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.621 0.942 2.614 2 . . .
0.759 0.441 1.224 3 . . .
1.003 0.723 1.358 11 9% 0% .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.183 0.760 1.762 8 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
1.384 0.979 1.904 6 . . .
0.598 0.242 1.243 3 . . .
0.840 0.556 1.222 7 . . .
0.776 0.552 1.063 6 . . .
1.236 0.818 1.798 6 . . .
0.781 0.550 1.079 12 0% 8% .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.866 0.595 1.221 12 8% 0% .
. . . 0 . . .
0.909 0.478 1.579 4 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.965 0.840 1.104 50 10% 10% 0.000
1.195 0.909 1.544 8 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.082 0.850 1.359 15 7% 0% .
1.168 0.665 1.913 4 . . .
0.624 0.362 1.005 6 . . .
1.196 1.016 1.400 24 17% 0% 0.000
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
1.157 0.744 1.724 4 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
1.476 1.210 1.785 8 . . .
1.002 0.811 1.226 23 13% 9% 0.000
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.834 0.552 1.213 4 . . .
0.900 0.614 1.276 9 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.115 0.717 1.661 6 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
1.034 0.986 1.084 396 10% 4% 0.000
g NHSN-defined inpatient fusion surgery procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure technique,
the same facility.
to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
llowing spinal fusion surgery in 2019.
ificantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national fusion surgery SIR of 1.034. This is only calculated if
edicted fusion surgery SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of fusion surgery SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific
Median
25% (50%) 75% 90%
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.727 1.380 1.918
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.303 0.791 1.25 1.8305
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.240 0.716 1.712 2.660
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.305 0.900 1.681 2.830
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.373 0.843 1.494 2.320
rimary skin closure technique,
nly calculated if
Table 6. State-specific standardized infection ratio
NHSN Acute Care Hosp
6m. Surgical site infections (SSI) followi
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
Alabama No 3 . . .
Alaska 1 . . .
Arizona 3 . . .
Arkansas 4 . . .
California Yes 224 29,677 108 104.153
Colorado No 19 3,282 15 11.152
Connecticut No 8 1,792 10 6.305
D.C. 0 . . .
Delaware 0 . . .
Florida No 10 2,762 3 10.850
Georgia 12 2,568 17 10.068
Guam 0 . . .
Hawaii 0 . . .
Idaho 1 . . .
Illinois 7 1,016 4 4.083
Indiana No 9 2,647 9 10.514
Iowa No 4 . . .
Kansas No 2 . . .
Kentucky No 1 . . .
Louisiana 10 1,363 6 5.700
Maine No 2 . . .
Maryland No 5 900 1 2.807
Massachusetts No 4 . . .
Michigan 9 2,414 4 8.437
Minnesota No 8 4,101 11 15.525
Mississippi No 12 1,461 15 6.232
Missouri 16 3,748 11 14.898
Montana No 3 . . .
Nebraska 1 . . .
Nevada Yes 16 3,300 10 12.036
New Jersey No 10 1,016 1 3.849
New York 27 5,575 18 20.702
Ohio No 24 4,112 23 16.076
Oklahoma 0 . . .
Oregon Yes 23 4,670 23 17.048
Puerto Rico 1 . . .
Tennessee No 5 1,556 3 6.835
Texas Yes 56 6,816 23 24.804
Utah 0 . . .
Vermont No 0 . . .
Virginia No 11 2,323 9 9.002
Wisconsin No 13 2,184 6 7.405
Wyoming No 1 . . .
All US 646 114,463 438 422.899
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient laminectom
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following laminectomy surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 20
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following laminectomy surgery in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted laminectomy surgery SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted laminectomy surgery SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted laminectomy surgery SSI in 20
specific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR summary measures,
Surgical site infections (SSI) following laminectomy surgery 1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific S

. . . 1 . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . 3 . . .
. . . . . . .
1.037 0.855 1.247 28 0% 0% 0.000
1.345 0.782 2.169 2 . . .
1.586 0.806 2.827 2 . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
0.277 0.070 0.753 5 . . .
1.689 1.016 2.649 3 . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.980 0.311 2.363 1 . . .
0.856 0.417 1.571 3 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
1.053 0.427 2.190 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
0.356 0.018 1.757 0 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
0.474 0.151 1.144 3 . . .
0.709 0.373 1.232 3 . . .
2.407 1.399 3.881 3 . . .
0.738 0.388 1.283 5 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.831 0.422 1.481 2 . . .
. . . . . . .
0.260 0.013 1.281 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.869 0.532 1.348 7 . . .
0.239 0.012 1.181 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.431 0.929 2.113 8 . . .
. . . . . . .
1.349 0.876 1.992 6 . . .
1.164 0.859 1.544 9 . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . 1 . . .
1.213 0.530 2.399 3 . . .
. . . . . . .
0.439 0.112 1.195 2 . . .
0.927 0.602 1.369 7 . . .
. . . . . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . . . . .
1.000 0.488 1.835 3 . . .
0.878 0.408 1.666 4 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.810 0.328 1.685 3 . . .
. . . . . . .
1.036 0.942 1.136 127 3% 5% 0.000
g NHSN-defined inpatient laminectomy surgery procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure techniq
the same facility.
urgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
llowing laminectomy surgery in 2019.
R significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national laminectomy surgery SIR of 1.036. This is only calculated if
edicted laminectomy surgery SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of laminectomy surgery SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific
Median
25% (50%) 75% 90%
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.166 0.942 1.764 2.514
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.817 1.533 2.440
rimary skin closure technique,
is is only calculated if
facility-specific
Table 6. State-specific standardized infection rat
NHSN Acute Care Hos
6o. Surgical site infections (SSI) follow
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
Alabama No 1 0 . .
Alaska 0 0 . .
Arizona 1 0 . .
Arkansas 3 0 . .
California Yes 307 51,378 162 195.031
Colorado No 7 874 10 3.199
D.C. 0 0 . .
Delaware 1 0 . .
Florida No 8 1,200 4 4.660
Georgia 3 0 . .
Guam 0 0 . .
Hawaii 0 0 . .
Idaho 0 0 . .
Illinois 4 0 . .
Indiana No 4 0 . .
Iowa No 0 0 . .
Kansas No 0 0 . .
Kentucky No 3 0 . .
Louisiana 9 719 5 2.710
Maine No 0 0 . .
Maryland No 0 0 . .
Michigan 3 0 . .
Missouri 2 0 . .
Montana No 4 0 . .
Nebraska 2 0 . .
Nevada No 3 0 . .
New York 3 0 . .
Ohio No 21 2,248 9 8.847
Oklahoma 0 0 . .
Oregon No 0 0 . .
Puerto Rico 0 0 . .
Texas Yes 13 1,851 3 7.162
Utah 0 0 . .
Vermont No 0 0 . .
Wyoming No 0 0 . .
All US 491 73,092 277 290.617
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient gallbladder
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following gallbladder surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 201
3. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. Refer to the Technical gallbladder for information about exc
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following gallbladder surgery in 2019.
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted gallbladder surgery SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the n
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted gallbladder surgery SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted gallbladder surgery SSI in 2019
e-specific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR summary measures,
. Surgical site infections (SSI) following Gallbladder surgery1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific

. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.831 0.710 0.966 69 4% 0% 0.000
3.126 1.588 5.573 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.858 0.273 2.071 3 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.845 0.676 4.089 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.017 0.496 1.867 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.418 1.067 1.849 12 0% 0% .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.419 0.107 1.140 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.687 0.175 1.871 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.953 0.846 1.071 101 4% 0% 0.000
g NHSN-defined inpatient gallbladder surgery procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closure technique
the same facility.
gery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
al gallbladder for information about exclusion criteria. SIRs and accompanying
llowing gallbladder surgery in 2019.
significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national gallbladder surgery SIR of 0.953. This is only calculated if
edicted gallbladder surgery SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of gallbladder surgery SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific
Median
25% (50%) 75% 90%
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.550 1.048 1.783
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.625 1.227 1.654
ry skin closure technique,
nly calculated if
Table 6. State-specific standardized infection ratios
NHSN Acute Care Hospi
6n. Surgical site infections (SSI) following
No. of Infections
No. of Acute
State Care
Alabama No 2 0 . .
Alaska 0 0 . .
Arizona 2 0 . .
Arkansas 2 0 . .
California Yes 316 45,294 241 256.723
Colorado No 7 540 2 3.911
D.C. 0 0 . .
Delaware 1 0 . .
Florida No 7 1,582 4 8.268
Georgia 0 0 . .
Guam 0 0 . .
Hawaii 0 0 . .
Idaho 0 0 . .
Illinois 4 0 . .
Indiana No 1 0 . .
Iowa No 0 0 . .
Kansas No 0 0 . .
Kentucky No 2 0 . .
Louisiana 8 1,109 9 6.217
Maine No 0 0 . .
Maryland No 0 0 . .
Michigan 2 0 . .
Missouri 3 0 . .
Montana No 3 0 . .
Nebraska 1 0 . .
Nevada No 0 0 . .
New York 1 0 . .
Ohio No 21 2,310 17 13.503
Oklahoma 0 0 . .
Oregon No 0 0 . .
Puerto Rico 0 0 . .
Texas No 7 658 7 4.506
Utah 0 0 . .
Vermont No 0 0 . .
Wyoming No 0 0 . .
All US 470 68,844 379 397.429
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient exploratory
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report SSIs following exploratory laparotomy surgery to NHSN at the begin
statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported SSI data following exploratory laparotomy surgery
4. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted exploratory laparotomy surgery SSI that had an SIR significantly greater or les
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted exploratory laparotomy surgery SSI in 2019.
5. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted exploratory laparotomy surgery
pecific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) and facility-specific SIR summary measures,
gical site infections (SSI) following Exploratory laparotomy1 in adults, ≥ 18years
95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs Facility-specific SIRs

. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.939 0.826 1.063 83 4% 4% 0.000
0.511 0.086 1.689 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.484 0.154 1.167 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.448 0.706 2.657 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.259 0.758 1.975 7 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.020 0.792 1.294 19 5% 0% .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.553 0.679 3.073 1 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
1.408 0.236 4.651 0 . . .
0.166 0.008 0.817 3 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
. . . 2 . . .
. . . 0 . . .
0.954 0.861 1.053 128 4% 3% 0.000
g NHSN-defined inpatient exploratory laparotomy surgery procedures that occurred in 2019 with a primary or other than primary skin closu
the same facility.
arotomy surgery to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
a not available.
llowing exploratory laparotomy surgery in 2019.
had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national exploratory laparotomy surgery SIR of 0.954. This is o
edicted exploratory laparotomy surgery SSI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of exploratory laparotomy surgery SSI was <1.0, a facilit
Median
25% (50%) 75% 90%
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.835 1.650 1.999
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
. . . .
0.000 0.779 1.542 2.235
r other than primary skin closure technique,
urgery SIR of 0.954. This is only calculated if
surgery SSI was <1.0, a facility-specific

Hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia, facility-wide1

State Mandate2 Validation3 Reporting4 Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper HO MRSA bacteremia national SIR5 national SIR5 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama No Yesa 89 207 205.133 1.009 0.879 1.154 35 6% 0% 0.399 0.499 0.992 1.479 1.871
Alaska 8 12 17.199 0.698 0.378 1.186 3 . . . . . . .
Arizona 68 117 196.717 0.595 0.494 0.710 37 0% 3% 0.000 0.323 0.515 0.878 1.089
Arkansas 50 101 94.909 1.064 0.871 1.288 21 5% 0% 0.358 0.511 0.898 1.334 1.912
California Yes Yes 339 605 843.528 0.717 0.662 0.776 208 3% 5% 0.000 0.205 0.670 1.032 1.744
Colorado Yes Yes 55 67 114.160 0.587 0.458 0.741 26 4% 4% 0.000 0.158 0.449 0.830 1.297
D.C. 8 54 59.175 0.913 0.692 1.182 7 . . . . . . .
Delaware 8 27 38.539 0.701 0.471 1.005 7 . . . . . . .
Florida No Yes 212 820 782.095 1.048 0.979 1.122 160 10% 2% 0.000 0.524 0.963 1.394 1.997
Georgia 106 289 321.258 0.900 0.800 1.008 57 11% 0% 0.000 0.487 0.766 1.181 1.593
Guam 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hawaii 17 16 36.746 0.435 0.258 0.692 12 0% 0% . . . . .
Idaho 16 6 24.519 0.245 0.099 0.509 8 . . . . . . .
Illinois 136 249 345.693 0.720 0.635 0.814 82 4% 4% 0.000 0.235 0.713 0.996 1.428
Indiana No No 94 137 202.838 0.675 0.569 0.796 45 2% 0% 0.000 0.197 0.666 0.869 1.172
Iowa No No 38 47 87.373 0.538 0.400 0.709 16 0% 0% . . . . .
Kansas No Yes 57 42 73.917 0.568 0.415 0.761 13 0% 15% . . . . .
Kentucky Yes No 71 190 184.499 1.030 0.891 1.184 34 9% 3% 0.198 0.573 0.779 1.339 1.854
Louisiana 99 189 167.667 1.127 0.975 1.297 36 8% 3% 0.148 0.528 0.980 1.455 1.876
Maine Yes No 19 19 33.377 0.569 0.353 0.872 5 . . . . . . .
Maryland Yes Yes 48 143 186.909 0.765 0.647 0.898 35 6% 0% 0.000 0.309 0.574 0.863 1.252
Michigan 100 256 324.569 0.789 0.696 0.890 58 7% 2% 0.000 0.376 0.759 1.047 1.771
Missouri 76 206 239.378 0.861 0.749 0.984 38 11% 3% 0.111 0.456 0.788 1.081 1.634
Montana No No 14 4 18.758 0.213 0.068 0.514 7 . . . . . . .
Nebraska 26 32 54.530 0.587 0.408 0.819 13 0% 0% . . . . .
Nevada Yes No 26 91 91.101 0.999 0.809 1.221 14 14% 0% . . . . .
New Jersey Yes No 72 209 276.664 0.755 0.658 0.863 64 3% 6% 0.000 0.311 0.699 1.303 1.623
New Mexico Yes No 32 32 45.454 0.704 0.490 0.982 9 . . . . . . .
New York 175 604 702.119 0.860 0.794 0.931 121 7% 2% 0.000 0.344 0.766 1.161 1.736
Ohio No Yes 145 408 440.578 0.926 0.839 1.019 81 7% 1% 0.000 0.427 0.719 1.231 1.779
Oklahoma 84 88 130.427 0.675 0.544 0.827 22 5% 5% 0.000 0.135 0.543 1.094 1.908
Oregon Yes Yes 35 68 97.529 0.697 0.546 0.879 19 0% 5% . . . . .
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 174 339 479.869 0.706 0.634 0.785 91 3% 3% 0.000 0.396 0.670 0.952 1.429
Puerto Rico 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
South Carolina Yes Yes 63 196 179.068 1.095 0.949 1.256 29 14% 0% 0.000 0.620 1.145 1.862 2.391
Tennessee Yes Yes 104 330 278.671 1.184 1.062 1.317 44 23% 0% 0.160 0.685 1.004 1.673 2.482
Texas No No 363 635 784.460 0.809 0.748 0.874 152 6% 3% 0.000 0.370 0.678 1.105 1.750
Utah 37 37 51.640 0.716 0.512 0.977 10 10% 0% . . . . .
Vermont No Yes 6 9 14.563 0.618 0.301 1.134 2 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes Yes 80 181 238.780 0.758 0.653 0.875 43 7% 2% 0.000 0.387 0.689 1.022 1.689
Washington No No 58 108 179.703 0.601 0.495 0.723 34 3% 6% 0.000 0.150 0.532 0.920 1.342
West Virginia Yes No 31 88 85.639 1.028 0.829 1.260 16 13% 0% . . . . .
Wisconsin No No 74 67 130.849 0.512 0.400 0.646 30 0% 3% 0.000 0.262 0.568 0.882 1.094
Wyoming No No 12 2 4.876 0.410 0.069 1.355 2 . . . . . . .
All US 3,698 8,131 9,952.621 0.817 0.799 0.835 1,934 6% 2% 0.000 0.378 0.718 1.122 1.691
1. Note that almost all acute care hospitals are required to report facility-wide MRSA bacteremia data to NHSN for participation in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program.
Hospital-onset is defined as event detected on the 4th day (or later) after admission to an inpatient location within the facility.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report facility-wide MRSA bacteremia data to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
4. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. Due to SIR exclusion criteria, this may be different from the numbers shown in Table 1. Refer to the Technical Appendix for information about exclusion criteria.
SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported MRSA bacteremia data in 2019.
5. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia SIR of 0.817.
This is only calculated if at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia in 2019.
6. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia was <1.0,
a facility-specific SIR was neither calculated nor included in the distribution of facility-specific SIRs.
Hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile (CDI), facility-wide1

State Mandate2 Validation3 Reporting4 Observed Predicted SIR Lower Upper HO CDI national SIR5 national SIR5 10% 25% (50%) 75% 90%
Alabama No Yesa 88 883 1,808.683 0.488 0.457 0.521 70 3% 14% 0.000 0.086 0.426 0.608 0.824
Alaska 8 83 123.436 0.672 0.539 0.829 7 . . . . . . .
Arizona 67 1,049 1,810.722 0.579 0.545 0.615 53 11% 15% 0.220 0.366 0.544 0.718 1.121
Arkansas 50 492 800.849 0.614 0.562 0.670 39 5% 13% 0.000 0.233 0.554 0.691 0.958
California Yes Yes 334 4,913 8,164.911 0.602 0.585 0.619 314 14% 14% 0.165 0.336 0.578 0.763 1.028
Colorado Yes Yes 57 632 1,014.986 0.623 0.576 0.673 49 12% 12% 0.000 0.278 0.551 0.835 0.949
Connecticut Yes No 31 644 1,034.482 0.623 0.576 0.672 30 17% 13% 0.000 0.208 0.503 0.804 0.989
D.C 8 207 393.437 0.526 0.458 0.602 7 . . . . . . .
Delaware 8 213 346.655 0.614 0.536 0.701 8 . . . . . . .
Florida No Yes 212 3,706 7,559.185 0.490 0.475 0.506 202 9% 27% 0.157 0.294 0.436 0.662 0.888
Georgia 107 1,505 2,897.532 0.519 0.494 0.546 94 9% 28% 0.000 0.123 0.384 0.695 0.981
Guam 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hawaii 17 186 341.994 0.544 0.470 0.626 16 6% 13% . . . . .
Idaho 16 169 267.694 0.631 0.541 0.732 12 17% 0% . . . . .
Illinois 136 2,430 4,123.561 0.589 0.566 0.613 125 15% 10% 0.250 0.387 0.577 0.786 1.052
Indiana No No 94 1,278 1,963.603 0.651 0.616 0.687 83 16% 1% 0.151 0.355 0.560 0.785 1.072
Iowa No No 39 421 664.404 0.634 0.575 0.696 34 9% 12% 0.035 0.294 0.605 0.751 0.906
Kansas No Yes 58 463 684.633 0.676 0.617 0.740 37 14% 5% 0.154 0.417 0.594 0.835 1.469
Kentucky Yes No 71 981 1,600.602 0.613 0.575 0.652 63 11% 10% 0.036 0.339 0.574 0.873 0.977
Louisiana 99 744 1,288.574 0.577 0.537 0.620 66 14% 15% 0.000 0.171 0.502 0.818 1.065
Maine Yes No 19 196 334.460 0.586 0.508 0.672 18 17% 6% . . . . .
Maryland Yes Yes 48 1,107 1,778.811 0.622 0.586 0.660 47 21% 15% 0.130 0.304 0.546 0.797 0.903
Massachusetts Yes Yes 70 1,563 2,273.131 0.688 0.654 0.722 66 18% 11% 0.236 0.398 0.612 0.856 1.033
Michigan 100 2,089 3,190.986 0.655 0.627 0.683 88 17% 7% 0.252 0.427 0.657 0.839 1.130
Minnesota Yes Yes 51 973 1,469.104 0.662 0.622 0.705 46 15% 7% 0.231 0.347 0.520 0.752 0.980
Mississippi Yes Yes 60 606 1,027.930 0.590 0.544 0.638 48 10% 15% 0.000 0.206 0.527 0.667 1.028
Missouri 76 1,385 2,127.291 0.651 0.617 0.686 70 11% 10% 0.000 0.309 0.513 0.761 0.912
Montana No No 14 70 174.608 0.401 0.315 0.503 10 0% 30% . . . . .
Nebraska 26 274 475.608 0.576 0.511 0.647 20 10% 35% 0.000 0.239 0.408 0.737 0.814
Nevada No No 28 494 922.806 0.535 0.490 0.584 24 21% 29% 0.098 0.272 0.383 0.652 1.066
New Jersey Yes No 72 1,743 2,826.922 0.617 0.588 0.646 71 24% 15% 0.186 0.399 0.550 0.833 0.985
New Mexico No No 32 323 431.546 0.748 0.670 0.834 26 8% 8% 0.231 0.439 0.747 1.021 1.165
New York 176 4,207 6,905.539 0.609 0.591 0.628 167 18% 13% 0.189 0.344 0.505 0.763 1.056
North Carolina Yes No 100 1,899 3,389.612 0.560 0.535 0.586 97 8% 21% 0.000 0.224 0.447 0.718 1.012
Ohio No Yes 146 2,389 3,978.392 0.600 0.577 0.625 130 8% 9% 0.093 0.347 0.500 0.710 0.898
Oklahoma 83 535 1,146.846 0.466 0.428 0.507 55 9% 16% 0.000 0.202 0.383 0.788 1.070
Oregon Yes Yes 35 424 826.050 0.513 0.466 0.564 34 6% 15% 0.121 0.318 0.508 0.682 0.770
Pennsylvania Yes Yes 173 2,680 4,171.303 0.642 0.618 0.667 146 16% 12% 0.000 0.344 0.595 0.783 1.144
Puerto Rico 7 30 161.028 0.186 0.128 0.263 6 . . . . . . .
Rhode Island No Yes 10 320 349.741 0.915 0.819 1.019 10 60% 10% . . . . .
South Carolina Yes Yes 63 963 1,542.191 0.624 0.586 0.665 58 17% 14% 0.000 0.244 0.515 0.730 1.319
South Dakota No Yes 20 157 262.624 0.598 0.510 0.697 10 10% 0% . . . . .
Tennessee Yes Yes 103 979 2,089.675 0.468 0.440 0.499 85 5% 25% 0.000 0.141 0.318 0.596 0.765
Texas No No 363 3,723 7,486.022 0.497 0.482 0.513 260 7% 21% 0.000 0.207 0.399 0.597 0.847
Utah 38 293 477.885 0.613 0.546 0.686 29 10% 10% 0.000 0.153 0.503 0.788 0.970
Vermont Yes Yes 6 84 123.579 0.680 0.546 0.837 6 . . . . . . .
Virgin Islands 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Virginia Yes Yes 81 1,155 2,262.037 0.511 0.482 0.541 77 5% 25% 0.000 0.152 0.404 0.618 0.754
Washington Yes Yes 58 889 1,463.663 0.607 0.568 0.648 54 17% 15% 0.018 0.284 0.492 0.815 1.147
West Virginia Yes No 31 581 744.468 0.780 0.719 0.846 28 21% 7% 0.215 0.470 0.743 0.891 1.113
Wisconsin No No 74 698 1,227.090 0.569 0.528 0.612 69 3% 4% 0.169 0.365 0.525 0.696 0.932
Wyoming No No 12 46 72.706 0.633 0.469 0.837 8 . . . . . . .
All US 3,702 54,282 93,184.432 0.583 0.578 0.587 3,197 12% 15% 0.069 0.296 0.512 0.754 1.017
1. Note that almost all acute care hospitals are required to report facility-wide CDI data to NHSN for participation in the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' (CMS) Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting Program.
Hospital-onset is defined as event detected on the 4th day (or later) after admission to an inpatient location within the facility.
2. Yes indicates the presence of a state mandate to report facility-wide CDI data to NHSN at the beginning of 2019. M indicates midyear implementation of a mandate.
4. The number of reporting facilities included in the SIR calculation. Due to SIR exclusion criteria, this may be different from the numbers shown in Table 1. Refer to the Technical Appendix for information about exclusion criteria.
SIRs and accompanying statistics are only calculated for states in which at least 5 facilities reported CDI data in 2019.
5. Percent of facilities with at least one predicted hospital-onset CDI that had an SIR significantly greater or less than the nominal value of the 2019 national hospital-onset CDI SIR of 0.583. This is only calculated if
at least 10 facilities had at least one predicted hospital-onset CDI in 2019.
6. Facility-specific key percentiles were only calculated if at least 20 facilities had ≥1.0 predicted hospital-onset CDI in 2019. If a facility’s predicted number of hospital-onset CDI was <1.0, a facility-specific
Table 9. Changes in national standardized infection ratios (SIRs) using HAI data reported from all NHSN acute care hospitals
Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs), ventilator-associated events (V
Clostridioides difficile infections, and surgical site infections (SSIs) following Surgical Care Improvement Project
Direction of Change,
Percent Based on Statistical
2018 SIR 2019 SIR Change Significance p-value
CLABSI, all locations1 0.739 0.689 -7% Decrease 0.0000

CLABSI, ICU2 0.770 0.732 -5% Decrease 0.0031
CLABSI, Ward3 0.725 0.672 -7% Decrease 0.0000
CLABSI, NICU4 0.700 0.609 -13% Decrease 0.0007
CAUTI, all locations5 0.809 0.741 -8% Decrease 0.0000

CAUTI, ICU2 0.763 0.670 -12% Decrease 0.0000
CAUTI, Ward3 0.852 0.806 -5% Decrease 0.0000
VAE, all8 0.947 0.967 2% Increase 0.0193

ICUs5 0.949 0.972 2% Increase 0.0081
Wards6 0.885 0.827 7% No change 0.1838
Hospital-onset MRSA bacteremia, facility-wide6 0.840 0.817 3% No change 0.0707
Hospital-onset C. difficile infections, facility-wide6 0.711 0.583 -18% Decrease 0.0000
SSI, combined SCIP procedures7 0.933 0.912 2% No change 0.0537

SSI, Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair 0.913 0.845 7% No change 0.8980
SSI, Coronary artery bypass graft8 0.892 0.778 -13% Decrease 0.0061
SSI, Cardiac surgery 0.781 0.805 3% No change 0.8012
SSI, Colon surgery 0.887 0.855 -4% Decrease 0.0284
SSI, Hip arthroplasty 1.016 1.016 0% No change 0.9961
SSI, Abdominal hysterectomy 0.938 0.979 4% No change 0.1730
SSI, Knee arthroplasty 1.055 1.047 1% No change 0.7952
SSI, Peripheral vascular bypass surgery 1.182 0.977 -17% Decrease 0.0468
SSI, Rectal surgery 0.436 0.427 2% No change 0.9073
SSI, Vaginal hysterectomy 0.916 0.822 10% No change 0.4844
*Statistically significant, p < 0.0500
1. Data from all ICUs, wards (and other non-critical care locations), and NICUs in acute care hospitals. This excludes LTAC locations (or facilities) and IRF locations (or
2. Data from all ICUs in acute care hospitals; excludes wards (and other non-critical care locations), NICUs, LTAC locations (or facilities), and IRF locations (or facilities)
3. Data from all wards (for this table wards also include step-down, mixed acuity and specialty care areas [including hematology/oncology, bone marrow transplant] in a
4. Data from all NICU locations, including Level II/III and Level III nurseries. Both umbilical line and central line-associated bloodstream infections are considered CLABS
5. Data from all ICUs and wards (and other non-critical care locations). This excludes NICUs, LTAC locations (or facilities) and IRF locations (or facilities).
7. These procedures were presented in previous versions of the HAI Progress Report and follow select inpatient surgical procedures with a primary skin closure techniq
using NHSN surgical procedure categorizations. Includes SSIs that were classified as deep incisional or organ/space, and were detected upon admission or readmiss
m all NHSN acute care hospitals reporting during 2019 by HAI and patient population:
, ventilator-associated events (VAEs), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia,
gical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) procedures, 2018 compared to 2019
(or facilities) and IRF locations (or facilities).
es), and IRF locations (or facilities).
ogy, bone marrow transplant] in acute care hospitals. This excludes LTAC locations (or facilities) and IRF locations (or facilities).
m infections are considered CLABSIs.
cations (or facilities).
with a primary skin closure technique approximating the procedures covered by SCIP,
ected upon admission or readmission. Specific NHSN procedures and the corresponding SCIP procedures are listed in Appendix C.
Table 10. Changes in state-specific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) between 2018 and 2019 from
10a. Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), all locations1
All Acute Care Hospitals Reporting to NHSN
State 2
Alabama 0.780 0.714 8% No change 0.2449
Alaska 0.694 0.530 24% No change 0.3964
Arizona 0.650 0.522 -20% Decrease 0.0070
Arkansas 0.634 0.782 23% Increase 0.0488
California 0.793 0.668 -16% Decrease 0.0000
Colorado 0.596 0.580 3% No change 0.7837
Connecticut 0.846 0.830 2% No change 0.8390
D.C. 0.719 0.657 9% No change 0.5047
Delaware 0.649 0.764 18% No change 0.3491
Florida 0.749 0.688 -8% Decrease 0.0255
Georgia 0.772 0.641 -17% Decrease 0.0014
Guam . . . . .
Hawaii 0.337 0.309 8% No change 0.7146
Idaho 0.483 0.553 14% No change 0.5631
Illinois 0.643 0.626 3% No change 0.6480
Indiana 0.679 0.610 10% No change 0.1487
Iowa 0.838 0.704 16% No change 0.1233
Kansas 0.738 0.625 15% No change 0.1622
Kentucky 0.646 0.659 2% No change 0.8177
Louisiana 0.732 0.881 20% Increase 0.0158
Maine 0.729 0.671 8% No change 0.6843
Maryland 0.796 0.730 8% No change 0.2576
Massachusetts 0.866 0.639 -26% Decrease 0.0000
Michigan 0.678 0.661 3% No change 0.6901
Minnesota 0.766 0.717 6% No change 0.4419
Mississippi 0.864 0.944 9% No change 0.3499
Missouri 0.825 0.798 3% No change 0.5659
Montana 0.680 0.742 9% No change 0.7647
Nebraska 0.616 0.537 13% No change 0.3456
Nevada 0.923 0.719 -22% Decrease 0.0073
New Hampshire 0.585 0.722 23% No change 0.3059
New Jersey 0.724 0.617 -15% Decrease 0.0229
New Mexico 0.398 0.582 46% No change 0.0572
New York 0.806 0.761 6% No change 0.1334
North Carolina 0.899 0.916 2% No change 0.7269
North Dakota 0.650 0.440 32% No change 0.1027
Ohio 0.712 0.724 2% No change 0.7300
Oklahoma 0.711 0.692 3% No change 0.7568
Oregon 0.523 0.561 7% No change 0.5922
Pennsylvania 0.735 0.698 5% No change 0.2610
Puerto Rico 1.749 1.617 8% No change 0.5670
Rhode Island 0.767 0.778 1% No change 0.9380
South Carolina 0.807 0.666 -17% Decrease 0.0251
South Dakota 0.687 0.559 19% No change 0.3825
Tennessee 0.677 0.599 12% No change 0.0646
Texas 0.771 0.721 6% No change 0.0541
Utah 0.620 0.636 3% No change 0.8684
Vermont 0.753 0.536 29% No change 0.3400
Virgin Islands . . . .
Virginia 0.620 0.573 8% No change 0.3005
Washington 0.535 0.557 4% No change 0.6310
West Virginia 0.724 0.557 -23% Decrease 0.0291
Wisconsin 0.603 0.639 6% No change 0.5145
Wyoming 0.087 0.497 471% No change 0.0793
All US 0.739 0.689 -7% Decrease 0.0000
* Statistically significant, p < 0.0500
1. Data from all ICUs, wards (and other non-critical care locations), and NICUs. This excludes LTAC locations (or facilities) and IRF
locations (or facilities).
2. States without SIR either in 2018 and/or 2019 and therefore subsequent data not calculated
3. 2018 SIRs were recalculated using an updated dataset and therefore might be slightly different from the data published in the 2018 HAI Progress Report.
Progress Report.
10b. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), all locations1
State 2
Alaska 1.625 1.247 23% No change 0.2150
Arizona 0.565 0.518 8% No change 0.2983
Arkansas 0.842 0.888 5% No change 0.5620
Connecticut 0.929 0.704 -24% Decrease 0.0045
D.C. 0.984 0.644 -35% Decrease 0.0028
Guam . . . . .
Hawaii 0.936 0.666 -29% Decrease 0.0407
Idaho 0.975 0.740 24% No change 0.0937
Indiana 0.770 0.668 -13% Decrease 0.0427
Iowa 0.731 0.804 10% No change 0.3754
Kansas 0.830 0.779 6% No change 0.5646
Louisiana 0.895 0.705 -21% Decrease 0.0008
Maine 0.885 1.113 26% No change 0.1917
Michigan 0.698 0.616 -12% Decrease 0.0382
Nevada 0.909 0.645 -29% Decrease 0.0004
New Jersey 0.879 0.839 5% No change 0.4564
New York 0.884 0.805 -9% Decrease 0.0114
North Carolina 0.924 0.747 -19% Decrease 0.0001
Ohio 0.660 0.641 3% No change 0.5476
Oregon 0.907 0.884 3% No change 0.7946
South Carolina 0.844 0.821 3% No change 0.7143
Texas 0.733 0.674 -8% Decrease 0.0247
Utah 0.854 0.905 6% No change 0.6595
Virgin Islands . . . . .
Washington 0.979 0.841 -14% Decrease 0.0247
West Virginia 0.601 0.732 22% No change 0.0619
All US 0.809 0.741 -8% Decrease 0.0000
*Statistically significant, p < 0.0500
10c. Ventilator-associated events (VAE), all locations1
State2 2018 SIR 2019 SIR Change Significance p-value
Alaska 1.327 2.017 52% Increase 0.0463
California 0.901 0.995 10% Increase 0.0008
D.C. . . . .
Delaware . . . .
Florida 0.864 1.108 28% Increase 0.0000
Georgia 0.888 0.917 3% No change 0.4395
Guam . . . .
Hawaii 0.235 0.198 16% No change 0.7665
Idaho 0.906 1.353 49% Increase 0.0279
Illinois 1.028 0.843 -18% Decrease 0.0015
Indiana 0.891 1.047 18% Increase 0.0076
Iowa 1.217 1.253 3% No change 0.8208
Kansas 1.128 1.282 14% No change 0.2145
Louisiana 1.067 1.082 1% No change 0.8503
Maine 1.842 1.262 -31% Decrease 0.0012
Maryland 0.748 1.148 53% Increase 0.0000
Massachusetts 1.383 1.248 10% No change 0.1825
Minnesota 1.224 0.918 -25% Decrease 0.0042
Nevada 0.914 0.909 1% No change 0.9338
North Dakota . . . .
Ohio 1.062 1.050 1% No change 0.7718
Oregon 0.876 0.963 10% No change 0.4428
Rhode Island 1.198 1.720 44% Increase 0.0015
Tennessee 0.785 0.661 -16% Decrease 0.0060
Texas 0.783 0.906 16% Increase 0.0001
Utah 1.434 1.880 31% No change 0.1399
Vermont . . . .
Virginia 1.112 1.256 13% Increase 0.0083
Washington 0.834 1.149 38% Increase 0.0048
Wisconsin 1.306 1.035 -21% Decrease 0.0015
All US 0.947 0.967 2% Increase 0.0193
10d. Surgical site infections (SSI) following colon surgery 1
Alaska 1.439 1.540 7% No change 0.8124
D.C. 0.897 0.536 40% No change 0.0707
Florida 0.857 0.765 11% No change 0.0741
Guam . . . .
Hawaii 0.532 0.673 27% No change 0.5213
Idaho 1.262 1.019 19% No change 0.3536
Iowa 0.874 0.892 2% No change 0.9084
Kansas 1.039 0.991 5% No change 0.7666
Maine 1.003 1.489 48% No change 0.0656
Nevada 1.116 1.544 38% Increase 0.0442
Ohio 0.737 0.805 9% No change 0.2751
Oregon 0.718 0.735 2% No change 0.8822
Puerto Rico . . . .
Texas 0.797 0.863 8% No change 0.1848
Utah 0.976 1.122 15% No change 0.4619
West Virgina 1.288 1.465 14% No change 0.4343
All US 0.887 0.855 -4% Decrease 0.0284
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient colon procedures with both primary and other than primary skin clo
h both primary and other than primary skin closure technique,
10e. Surgical site infections (SSI) following abdominal hysterectomy surgery 1
State 2
2018 SIR 2019 SIR Change2 Significance p-value
Alaska 0.631 0.878 39% No change 0.7464
California 0.878 0.784 11% No change 0.3515
D.C. 1.516 0.665 56% No change 0.1723
Guam . . . . .
Hawaii 0.747 0.381 49% No change 0.4914
Idaho 0.792 1.170 48% No change 0.5386
Iowa 0.842 0.600 29% No change 0.3814
Kansas 0.897 0.763 15% No change 0.6518
Maine 0.503 0.326 35% No change 0.6658
Nevada 1.620 1.024 37% No change 0.2086
Ohio 0.733 0.821 12% No change 0.5126
Oregon 0.753 0.918 22% No change 0.5753
Puerto Rico . . . . .
Texas 0.954 0.887 7% No change 0.4745
Utah 0.467 1.487 218% Increase 0.0015
Wyoming 0.000 1.233 . . .
All US 0.938 0.979 4% No change 0.1730
1. SSIs included are those classified as deep incisional or organ/space infections following NHSN-defined inpatient abdominal hysterectomy procedures with a primary or other than p
2. States without SIR either in 2018 and/or 2019 and therefore subsequent data not calculated. For any state with a referent SIR of 0.000, the percent change was reflected as greater
my procedures with a primary or other than primary skin closure technique,
the percent change was reflected as greater than 100 percent.

Table 10. Changes in state-specific standardized infection ratios (SIRs) between 2018 and 2019 from NHSN
Acute Care Hospitals
10f. Hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia, facility-wide1
Alaska 0.715 0.698 2% No change 0.9508
California 0.752 0.717 5% No change 0.4010
D.C. 0.731 0.913 25% No change 0.2856
Guam . . . . .
Hawaii 0.378 0.435 15% No change 0.7133
Idaho 0.253 0.245 3% No change 0.9550
Illinois 0.593 0.720 21% Increase 0.0397
Iowa 0.587 0.538 8% No change 0.6678
Kansas 0.706 0.568 20% No change 0.3105
Maine 0.537 0.569 6% No change 0.8561
Minnesota 0.438 0.629 44% Increase 0.0417
Nevada 0.862 0.999 16% No change 0.3451
Ohio 0.917 0.926 1% No change 0.8929
Oregon 0.716 0.697 3% No change 0.8759
Rhode Island 1.212 0.617 -49% Decrease 0.0185
Texas 0.830 0.809 3% No change 0.6610
Utah 0.595 0.716 20% No change 0.4401
Wyoming 0.000 0.410 . No change 0.2565
All US 0.840 0.817 3% No change 0.0707
10g. Hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), facility-wide1
State 2
Alabama 0.555 0.488 -12% Decrease 0.0054
Alaska 0.893 0.672 -25% Decrease 0.0432
Arkansas 0.773 0.614 -21% Decrease 0.0001
Colorado 0.881 0.623 -29% Decrease 0.0000
D.C. 0.661 0.526 -20% Decrease 0.0130
Guam . . . . .
Hawaii 0.526 0.544 3% No change 0.7512
Idaho 0.656 0.631 4% No change 0.7135
Illinois 0.829 0.589 -29% Decrease 0.0000
Indiana 0.716 0.651 -9% Decrease 0.0118
Iowa 0.727 0.634 -13% Decrease 0.0286
Kansas 0.801 0.676 -16% Decrease 0.0060
Maine 0.650 0.586 10% No change 0.2920
Maryland 0.799 0.622 -22% Decrease 0.0000
Minnesota 0.787 0.662 -16% Decrease 0.0001
Mississippi 0.728 0.590 -19% Decrease 0.0001
Missouri 0.767 0.651 -15% Decrease 0.0000
Nebraska 0.833 0.576 -31% Decrease 0.0000
Nevada 0.636 0.535 -16% Decrease 0.0043
New Mexico 0.947 0.748 -21% Decrease 0.0015
New York 0.706 0.609 -14% Decrease 0.0000
North Dakota 0.956 0.613 -36% Decrease 0.0000
Ohio 0.723 0.600 -17% Decrease 0.0000
Oklahoma 0.629 0.466 -26% Decrease 0.0000
Oregon 0.706 0.513 -27% Decrease 0.0000
Pennsylvania 0.790 0.642 -19% Decrease 0.0000
South Carolina 0.747 0.624 -16% Decrease 0.0000
Tennessee 0.677 0.468 -31% Decrease 0.0000
Texas 0.636 0.497 -22% Decrease 0.0000
Utah 0.736 0.613 -17% Decrease 0.0233
Virginia 0.622 0.511 -18% Decrease 0.0000
Washington 0.750 0.607 -19% Decrease 0.0000
Wisconsin 0.685 0.569 -17% Decrease 0.0002
All US 0.711 0.583 -18% Decrease 0.0000
Appendix A. Factors used in NHSN risk adjustment of the device-associated HAIs
Negative Binomial Regression Models1 in Acute Care Hospitals
HAI Type Validated Parameters for Risk Model

Intercept
Medical School Affiliation*
CLABSI (non-NICU) Location Type
Facility Type*
Facility Bed size*
Intercept
CLABSI (NICU)
Birthweight
Intercept
Medical School Affiliation*
CAUTI Location
Facility Type*
Facility Bed size*
Intercept
Medical School Affiliation* Medical
School Type*
VAE
Location Type
Facility Type*
Facility Bed size*
1. SIR Guide: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf

* Facility bed size, facility type and medical school affiliation are taken from the Annual Hospital Survey.
Appendix B. Factors used in NHSN risk adjustment of the MRSA Bacteremia and C.
difficile Negative Binomial Regression Models1 in Acute Care Hospitals
HAI Type Validated Parameters for Risk Model

Intercept
Inpatient CO admission prevalence rate*
Average length of stay**
MRSA bacteremia Medical school affiliation‡
Facility type
Number of ICU beds‡
Outpatient CO prevalence rate
Intercept
Inpatient CO admission prevalence rate*
CDI test type+
Medical school affiliation‡
C. difficile
Number of ICU beds‡
Facility type Bed
size‡ Reporting
from an ED or 24-hour observation unit
1. MRSA bacteremia and CDI risk adjustment methodology in the SIR Guide: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-re
* Inpatient community-onset prevalence is calculated as the # of inpatient community-onset MRSA blood events, divided by tota
admissions x 100.
** Average length of stay is taken from the Annual Hospital Survey. It is calculated as: total # of annual patient days / total # of
‡
Medical school affiliation, number of ICU beds, and facility bed size are taken from the Annual Hospital Survey.
+ CDI test type is reported on the FacWideIN MDRO denominator form on the 3 rd month of each quarter.
c.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf
RSA blood events, divided by total
of annual patient days / total # of annual admissions.

al Hospital Survey.
Appendix C. List of NHSN procedures included in this report with predictive risk factors from the NHSN Complex
Admission/Re-admission SSI Logistic Regression Model1, Adults ≥ 18 years of age
NHSN Procedure
NHSN Procedure
Code
AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm
AMP Limb amputation
APPY Appendectomy
AVSD Arteriovenous shunt for dialysis
BILI Bile duct, liver or pancreatic surgery
BRST Breast surgery
CABG Coronary artery bypass graft
CARD Cardiac surgery
CEA Carotid endarterectomy

CHOL Cholecystectomy
COLO Colon surgery
CRAN Craniotomy
CSEC Cesarean delivery
FUSN Spinal fusion
FX Open reduction of long bone fracture

GAST Gastric surgery
HER Herniorrhaphy
HPRO Hip arthroplasty
HTP Heart transplant

HYST Abdominal hysterectomy
KPRO Knee arthroplasty
LAM Laminectomy
KTP Kidney transplant
LTP Liver transplant
NECK Neck surgery
NEPH Kidney surgery
OVRY Ovarian surgery
PACE Pacemaker surgery
PRST Prostate surgery
PVBY Peripheral vascular bypass surgery
REC Rectal surgery
RFUSN Refusion of spine
SB Small-bowel surgery
SPLE Spleen surgery
THOR Thoracic surgery
THYR Thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery
VHYS Vaginal hysterectomy
VSHN Ventricular shunt
XLAP Exploratory Laparotomy
1. SSI risk adjustment methodology: SIR Guide: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf

* These risk factors originate from the Annual Facility Survey.
‡
None of the variables investigated were statistically significantly associated with SSI risk in these procedure categories.
As a result, the overall incidence will be used in the SIR calculation (i.e., intercept-only model).
Exclusion Criteria: SIR Guide: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf
n this report with predictive risk factors from the NHSN Complex
on Model1, Adults ≥ 18 years of age
Validated Parameters for Risk Model

Intercept-only model‡
anesthesia, wound class, hospital bed size*, age
gender, wound class, hospital bed size*, procedure duration
gender, emergency, trauma, hospital bed size*, scope, age,
procedure duration
ASA score, closure, age, procedure duration, BMI
emergency, medical school affiliation*, age, procedure duration,
BMI
gender, diabetes, ASA score, trauma, wound class, medical
school affiliation*, hospital bed size*, age, procedure duration,
BMI, age-gender interaction
wound class
gender, diabetes, ASA score, wound class, hospital bed size*,
age, procedure duration, age-gender interaction
gender, diabetes, trauma, anesthesia, ASA score, wound class,

hospital bed size*, scope, closure, age, procedure duration, BMI
diabetes, trauma, ASA score, age, procedure duration, wound

class
emergency, ASA score, wound class, medical school affiliation*,

hospital bed size*, age, procedure duration, duration of labor
gender, diabetes, trauma, ASA score, medical school affiliation*,

hospital bed size*, procedure duration, BMI, spinal level, approach
gender, diabetes, ASA score, wound class, closure, age,

procedure duration, BMI
wound class, scope, age, procedure duration, BMI
gender, ASA score, wound class, medical school affiliation*,
hospital bed size*, scope, age, procedure duration, BMI
diabetes, trauma, anesthesia, ASA score, wound class, medical
BMI, procedure type
closure
diabetes, ASA score, hospital bed size*, scope, age, procedure
duration, BMI
gender, trauma, anesthesia, ASA score, wound class, medical
BMI, procedure type
diabetes, ASA, hospital bed size*, BMI
procedure duration, diabetes, ASA score, hospital bed size*, BMI
age
procedure duration
wound class
age
BMI, diabetes, procedure duration, number of beds
ASA score, procedure duration, number of beds, oncology
age, procedure duration, number of beds
gender, age, procedure duration, oncology
ASA score
procedure duration, medical school affiliation*
medical school affiliation*
age
ASA score, closure, diabetes, procedure duration, emergency,
gender, scope, wound class, trauma
ps://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf
y significantly associated with SSI risk in these procedure categories.

e SIR calculation (i.e., intercept-only model).
v/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf
Appendix D. List of NHSN procedures included in this report with predictive risk factors from the NHSN
Complex Admission/Re-admission SSI Logistic Regression Model1, Pediatrics < 18 years of age
NHSN Procedure
NHSN Procedure
Code
AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm
AMP Limb amputation
APPY Appendectomy
AVSD Arteriovenous shunt for dialysis
BILI Bile duct, liver or pancreatic surgery
BRST Breast surgery
CARD Cardiac surgery
CABG Coronary artery bypass graft
CEA Carotid endarterectomy
CHOL‡ Cholecystectomy
COLO Colon surgery
CRAN, age >2 Craniotomy
CRAN, age <2‡
CSEC Cesarean delivery
FUSN, age >2 Spinal fusion
FUSN, age <2
FX Open reduction of long bone fracture
GAST Gastric surgery
HER‡ Herniorrhaphy
HPRO‡ Hip arthroplasty
HTP Heart transplant
HYST‡ Abdominal hysterectomy
KPRO‡ Knee arthroplasty
KTP‡ Kidney transplant
LAM‡ Laminectomy
LTP‡ Liver transplant
NECK Neck surgery
NEPH Kidney surgery
OVRY Ovarian surgery
PACE Pacemaker surgery
PRST Prostate surgery
PVBY Peripheral vascular bypass surgery
REC‡ Rectal surgery
RFUSN‡ Refusion of spine
SB Small-bowel surgery
SPLE Spleen surgery
THOR Thoracic surgery
THYR Thyroid and/or parathyroid surgery
VHYS Vaginal hysterectomy
VSHN Ventricular shunt
XLAP Exploratory Laparotomy

^ Sufficient national data were not available for analysis. As a result, no SIRs can be calculated for these procedures.
‡
Exclusion Criteria: SIR Guide: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf
d in this report with predictive risk factors from the NHSN
ic Regression Model1, Pediatrics < 18 years of age
Validated Parameters for Risk Model

No SIR available^
No SIR available^
Hospital bed size*, procedure duration, wound class
No SIR available^
Trauma
No SIR available^
procedure duration, age
No SIR available^
No SIR available^
closure, wound class, age, trauma, procedure duration
BMI, anesthesia
duration of labor
ASA score, BMI
No SIR available^
Procedure duration, closure technique
No SIR available^
No SIR available^
No SIR available^
No SIR available^
No SIR available^
No SIR available^
No SIR available^
No SIR available^
diabetes, wound class
No SIR available^
Trauma
No SIR available^
No SIR available^
Age
Trauma
https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf
cility Survey.
nalysis. As a result, no SIRs can be calculated for these procedures.
cally significantly associated with SSI risk in these procedure categories.
n the SIR calculation (i.e., intercept-only model).
gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf
s/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf
procedures.
ure categories.
Appendix E. List of NHSN procedures and corresponding SCIP procedures included in this report with factors used in the NHSN risk
adjustment of the Complex Admission/Readmission Model1 for adults, ≥ 18 years of age
SCIP Procedure NHSN Procedure Validated Parameters for Risk Model

Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair Intercept-only model‡
Vascular
Peripheral vascular bypass surgery BMI, diabetes, procedure duration, number of beds
Coronary artery bypass graft with both chest and

donor site incisions emergency, medical school affiliation*, age, procedure duration,
Coronary artery bypass graft
Coronary artery bypass graft with chest incision BMI
only
gender, diabetes, ASA score, trauma, wound class, medical
Other cardiac Cardiac surgery school affiliation*, hospital bed size*, age, procedure duration,
BMI, age-gender interaction
gender, diabetes, trauma, anesthesia, ASA score, wound class,

Colon surgery
Colon surgery hospital bed size*, scope, closure, age, procedure duration, BMI
Rectal surgery ASA score, procedure duration, number of beds, oncology
diabetes, trauma, anesthesia, ASA score, wound class, medical
Hip arthroplasty Hip arthroplasty school affiliation*, hospital bed size*, age, procedure duration,
BMI, procedure type
diabetes, ASA score, hospital bed size*, scope, age, procedure
Abdominal hysterectomy Abdominal hysterectomy
duration, BMI
gender, trauma, anesthesia, ASA score, wound class, medical
Knee arthroplasty Knee arthroplasty school affiliation*, hospital bed size*, age, procedure duration,
BMI, procedure type
Vaginal hysterectomy Vaginal hysterectomy medical school affiliation*

‡
Additional Resources
SIR Guide: https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/pdfs/ps-analysis-resources/nhsn-sir-guide.pdf
Technical Appendix (2018 Report): http://www.cdc.gov/hai/progress-report/index.html

Explains the methodology used to produce the HAI Report.
HAI Progress Report Home Page: http://www.cdc.gov/hai/progress-report/index.html

The complete HAI Report, including the Executive Summary and previous reports, can be found at the above website.
at the above website.

2019 Sir Ach

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

2019 Sir Ach

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

2019 National and Stat

Scope of report: HAI Types

Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) by locations

Hospital-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia

Hospital-onset Clostridioides difficile (CDI) by facility-wide reporting

care hospitals (ACHs).

Table 1. Characteristics of acute care hospitals reporting to NHSN, 2019

Table 1. Number of reporting facilities by type, NHSN

of acute care hospitals reporting to NHSN, 2019

Table 1. Number of reporting facilities by type, NHSN 2019

cilities affiliated with medical by type, NHSN 2019

Tables included in this report:

Table 1 Characteristics of NHSN Acute Care Hospitals reporting to NHSN by state

Table 2 National standardized infection ratios (SIRs)

Table 3 State-specific SIRs for CLABSI from Acute Care Hospitals

Table 4 State-specific SIRs for CAUTI from Acute Care Hospitals

Table 5 State-specific SIRs for VAE from Acute Care Hospitals

Additional Resources SIR Guide

No. of Acute Care

No. of Acute Care

No. of Acute Care

State NHSN Any

CLABSI, all5 3,602 134,610,761

CAUTI, all9 3,678 133,246,735

VAE, all9 2,028 14,080,873

26,015,901 18,009 26,148.990 0.689 0.679 0.699

23,169,556 19,398 26,182.610 0.741 0.731 0.751

3,661,971 24,724 25,566.341 0.967 0.955 0.979

only adult locations, per surveillance definition..

2,516 201 8% 183 7% 0.000

1,527 326 21% 361 24% 0.000

only calculated if at least 10 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predicted HAI in 2019.

Percentile Distribution of Facility-specific SIRs4

60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95%

0.733 0.790 0.862 0.955 1.056 1.203 1.455 1.844

0.785 0.849 0.929 1.011 1.130 1.277 1.474 1.825

1.085 1.239 1.369 1.566 1.727 1.951 2.240 2.796

No. of Acute Care

Laboratory-identified MRSA bacteremia, facility-wide 3,698 37,247,569

Laboratory-identified C. difficile, facility-wide 3,702 33,973,264

Reporting Hospitals Standardized Infection Ratio Data

146,950,807 79,491 54,282 93,184.432 0.583 0.578

eria, this may be different from the numbers shown in Table 1.

Data Facility SIRs Compared to National SIR

0.587 3,197 392 12% 476 15% 0.000

des counts from NICUs and well-baby units.

east 10 facilities had ≥ 1.0 predicted HAI in 2019.

60% 65% 70% 75% 80% 85% 90% 95%

0.854 0.921 0.996 1.122 1.275 1.470 1.691 2.059

0.599 0.648 0.702 0.754 0.814 0.907 1.017 1.245

Surgical Procedure No. of Acute Care No. of

US, all NHSN procedures 3,329 3,056,169

AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair5 226 1,044

No. of Infections 95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs

6 7.099 0.845 0.343 1.758 0 .

donor site incisions.

d nor included in the distribution of facility-specific SIRs.

Percentile Distribution of Facility-specific SIRs7

1.383 1.544 1.777 2.140

Surgical Procedure No. of Acute Care No. of

US, all NHSN procedures 1,252 57,549

AAA Abdominal aortic aneurysm repair5 . .

No. of Infections 95% CI for SIR Facility-specific SIRs