Nama : Sheyla T S Lapian

Nim : 18602001
Kelas :D
MK : Bahasa Inggris Hukum

PRESENT PERFECT
SUBJECT + HAVE/HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE
A. Present Perfect digunakan untuk kejadian yang telah berlangsung pada masa lampau
dan masih tetap berlangsung sampai pada saat berbicara. Perhatikan contoh berikut:

Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it.

He has lost his key.
Kalimat ini menunjukkan bahwa Tom kehilangan kuncinya beberapa waktu yang lalu dan
masih tetap kehilangan sampai saat ini, karena Tom belum menemukan kuncinya.
B. Present Perfect digunakan jika punya kaitan dengan keadaan sekarang.
- I have lost my key (= I have not got it now)
- Jim has gone‚ to Canada (= He is in Canada or on his way there now)
- Oh dear. I have forgotten her name (= I can't remember it now)
- Have you washed your hair? (= Is it clean now?)
C. Present Perfect juga digunakan untuk memberikan informasi baru atau untuk
mengumumkan kejadian yang baru berlangsung.
- I've lost my key. Can you help me look for it?
- Do you know about Jim? He's gone‚ to Canada.
- Ow! I've burnt‚ myself.
Bisa ditambahkan dengan just (= baru saja)
- Would you like something to eat? No thanks, I've just had lunch.
- Hello, have you just arrived?
Bisa pula dengan memakai already untuk menunjukkan bahwa sesuatu terjadi lebih cepat
dari yang diharapkan.
- Don't forget to post the letter, will you? I've already posted it.
- When is Tom going to start his new job? He has already started.

EXERCISE 3
A. You are writing to a friend and giving news about people you both know. Use the words
given to make sentences and put the verb into the correct form. Example: Phil/find a new
job. Phil has found a new job

Dear Ami,
Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.
1. Rizal/go/Brazil : Rizal has gone to Brazil
2. Joni and Juli decide/to get married: Joni and Juli have decide to get married
3. Susi/have/a baby : Susi has had a baby
4. Fadil/give up/smoking : Fadil has given up smoking
5. Rina/pass/his driving test : Rina has passed his driving test.
B. In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a suitable sentence. Use
the verb given.
Example: Tom is looking for his key. He can't find it. (lose). He has lost his key.
1. Ann's hair was dirty. Now it is clean. (wash)
 She has washed her hair
2. Tom was 70 kilograms. Now he weights 65. (lose weight)
 He has los weight
3. The car has just stopped because there isn't any more petrol in the tank. (run out of petrol)
 It has run out of petrol
4. Yesterday Bill was playing football. Now he can't walk and his leg is in plaster.(break)
 He has broken his leg

C. This time you have to use just. Answer the questions using the words given.
Example: Would you like something to eat? (no thank you/I/just/have/dinner)
No thank you. I’ve just had dinner
1. Have you seen John anywhere? (yes/I/just/see/him)
 Yes,I’ve just seen him
2. Has Ann phoned yet? (yes/she/just/phone)
 Yes, she has just phoned
3. Would you like a cigarette? (no thanks/I/just/put/one out)
 No, thanks. I’ve just put one out.

D. In this exercise you have to write sentences with already.

Example: Don't forget to post that letter. I’ve already posted it
1. Don't forget to phone Tom.
 I’ve already phoned him
2. Why don't you read the paper?
 I’ve already read it
3. Shall I pay the waiter?No, I
 No, I’ve already paid (him)

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS

SUBJECT +HAVE/HAS +BEEN +VERB-ING
Perhatikan situasi berikut:
Is it raining?
No, it isn't but the ground is wet.
It has been raining.
A. Present Perfect Progressive digunakan ketika kita membicarakan kejadian (yang
cukup panjang) dimana sudah dimulai pada waktu yang lalu dan baru saja berhenti.
Perhatikan contoh berikut:
- You're out of breath. Have you been running?
- That man over there is bright red. I think he's been sunbathing.
- Why are your clothes so dirty? What have you been doing?
- I've been talking to Tom about your problem and he thinks…
B. Present Perfect Progressive juga digunakan untuk menanyaka atau menyatakan berapa
lama suatu kejadian berlangsung. Kejadiannya telah dimulai pada waktu lampau dan masih
berlangsung sekarang atau baru saja selesai.

It is raining now. It began to rain two hours ago and it is still raining.
It has been raining for two hours.
Present Perfect Progressive seringkali menggunakan kata how long, for and since.
- How long have you been learning English?
- They've been watching television for‚ over an hour.
- I've been watching television since 2 o'clock.
- Linda hasn't been feeling very well recently.
- Have you been working hard today?
- She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
- How long have you been smoking?

EXERCISE 4
A. In this exercise you have to read the situation and then write a sentence with the present
perfect continuous (I have been doing).
Example: Tom is out of breath. (he/run) He has been running.
1. Ann is very tired. (she/work/hard)
 She has been working hard
2. Bob has a black eye and Bill has a cut lip. (Bob and Bill/fight)
 They have been fighting
3. George has just come back from the beach. He is very red. (he/lie/in the sun)
 He has been liying in the sun
4. Janet is hot and tired. (she/play/tennis)
 She has been playing tennis

B. This time you have to ask a question for each situation.

Example: Your friend's hands are covered in oil. (you/work/on the car)
Have you been working on the car?
1. You see a little boy. His eyes are red and watery. (you/cry)
 Have you been criying
2. You have just arrived to meet your friend who is waiting for you. (you/wait/long?)
 Have you been waiting long
3. Your friend comes in. His face and hands are very dirty. (what/you/do?)
 What have you been doing

C. Now you have to say how long something has been happening.
Example: It is raining now. It began raining two hours ago.
It has been raining for two hours.
1. Kevin is studying. He began studying there hours ago.
 He has been studying for three hours.
2. I'm learning Spanish. I started learning Spanish in December.
  I have been learning Spanish since December.
3. Ann is looking for a job. She began looking six months ago.
 She has been looking for a job for six months.
4. Mary is working in London. She started working there on 18 January.
 She has been working since on 18 January.
5. George smokes. He started smoking five years ago.
 He has been smoking for five years.

D. In this exercise you have to ask questions with how long. Example: It is raining.
How long has it been raining?
1. My foot is hurting.
 How long has your foot been hurting
2. Mike plays chess.
 How long has Mike been playing chess
3. Jim sells washing machines
 How long has Jim been selling washing machines
4. Tom is living in High Street
 How long has Tom been living in High Street

PAST PROGRESSIVE/CONTINUOUS SUBJECT +BE2 + VERB-ING

1. Perhatikan situasi berikut:
Yesterday Tom and Jim played tennis. They began at 10 o'clock and finished at 11 o'clock.
What were they doing at 10.30?
They were playing tennis (at 10.30)
I/he/she was playing
we/they/you were
They were playing' berarti bahwa mereka sedang bermain tennis. Mereka telah
memulainya beberapa waktu yang lalu tetapi belum menyelesaikannya sekarang. Past
progressive juga digunakan untuk mengatakan seseorang sedang ditengahtengah
mengerjakan sesuatu pada suatu waktu tertentu.
- This time last year I was living in Brazil.
- What were you doing at 10 o'clock last night?
2. Past progressive tidak memberitahukan apakah kejadiannya telah selesai atau tidak.
Bandingkan:
- Tom was cooking the dinner (past progressive) = Dia tengah memasak makan malam
dan kita tidak tahu apakah dia menyelesaikannya atau tidak.
- Tom cooked the dinner. (simple past) = Dia memulai memasak dan juga telah
menyelesaikannya.
3. Kita sering menggunakan past progressive dan simple past bersamaan untuk
mengatakan bahwa sesuatu terjadi di tengah-tengah kejadian lain:
- Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner.
- I saw Jim in the park. He was sitting on the grass and reading a book.
- It was raining when I got up.
- While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back.
Tetapi untuk mengatakan sesuatu terjadi setelah kejadian lain, dipakai simple past:
- Yesterday evening Tom was having a bath when the phone rang. He got out of the bath
and answered the phone.
Bandingkan:
- When Tom arrived, we were having dinner. (= We had already started dinner before
Tom arrived)
- When Tom arrived, we had dinner. (= Tom arrived and then we had dinner).

EXERCISE 6
A. Here is a list of some things that Ann did yesterday (and the times at which she did
them):
1. 8.45 - 9.15 had breakfast 4. 12.45 - 1.30 had lunch
2. 9.15 -10.00 read the newspaper 5. 2.30 -3.30 washed some clothes
3. 10.00-12.00 cleaned her flat 6. 4.00 - 6.00 watched television
Now write sentences saying what she was doing at these time:
1. At 9 o'clock she was having breakfast
2. At 9.30 she she was reading the newspaper
3. At 11 o'clock she was cleaning the flat
4. At 1 o'clock she having lunch
5. At 3 o'clock she was washing some clothes
6. At 5 o'clock she was watching television

B. A group of people were staying in a hotel. One evening the fire alarm rang. Use the
words in brackets to make sentences saying what each person was doing at the time.
Example: (Doni/have/a bath) Doni was having a bath.
1. (Ann/write/a letter in her room)
Ann was writing a letter in her room
2. (George/get/ready to go out)
George was getting ready to go out
3. (Carol and Dennis/have/dinner)
Carol and Dennis were having dinner
4. (Tom/make/a phone call)
Tom was making a phone call

C. Make sentences from the words in brackets. Put the verbs into the correct form, simple
past or past progressive.
Example: (I/fall/asleep when I/watch/television). I fell asleep when I was watching tv
1. (the phone/ring/when I/have/a shower)
 The phone rang when I was a shower
2. (it/begin/to rain when I/walk/home)
 It began to rain when I was walking home
3. (we/see/an accident when we/wait/for the bus)
 We saw an accident when we were waiting for the bus
D. Put the verb into the correct form, past progressive or simple past
Example: While Tom was cooking (cook) the dinner, the phone rang (ring).
1. George fell (fall) off the ladder while he was painting (paint) the ceiling.
2. Last night I was reading (read) in bed when suddenly I heard(hear) a scream.
3. Were you watching (you/watch) television when I phoned you?
4. Ann was waiting (wait) for me when I arrived (arrive).
5. I wasn’t driving(not/drive) very fast when the accident happened.
6. I broke (break) a plate last night. Idoing (do) the washing-up when it sliped (slip) out
of my hand.
7. Tom took (take) a photograph of me while I wasn’t looking(not/look).
8. We didn’t go out (not/go) out because it raining (rain).
9. What were you doing (you/do) at this time yesterday?
10. I saw (see) Carol at the party. She was wearing (wear) a really beautiful dress.