MODULE EXERCISE 2.

01

COVERAGE: NUMBER PROBLEMS a=2 c ( 1 )

1. THE AVERAGE OF 90 REAL NUMBERS IS 70. WHEN 100 a+10 b+ c−396=100 c+10 b+ a
TWO NUMBERS ARE REMOVED NAMELY 27 AND 52,
FIND THE NEW AVERAGE. 100 a+10 b+ c−396=100 c+10 b+ a
SOLUTION 99 a−99 c=396 (2)
∑ of numbers =70 a+ b+c=17 (3)
90
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY: SUBSTITUTION
∑ of numbers=70 ( 90 )=6 , 300 (EQUATION 1 TO EQUATION 2)
6300−27−52 99(2c )−99 c =396(2)
=70.7
90−2
99 c=396 (2)
2. A COUNTEY BARN HOUSE CHICKENS AND PIGS. IN
ORDER TO DETERMINE THE EXACT NUMBER OF c=4
EACH KIND OF ANIMALS IN THE BARN THE NEW
FROM EQUATION 1:
BARN THE NEW FARM SUPERVISOR INSTALLS
SENSORS, BUT IT CAN ONLY COUNT THE NUMBER OF a=2 ( 4 )=8
HEAD AND LEGS. IT RECORDS 60 HEADS AND 140
LEGS. HOW MANY CHICKENS ARE THERE? FROM EQUATION 2:

SOLUTION 8+ b+4=17
LET b=5
X = NUMBER OF PIGS ∴ number=854
Y = NUMBER OF CHICKENS

x + y=60 ( 1 )
4 x+2 y=140 (2)
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY: ELIMINATION

−2 y=−100
∴ y=50 chickens

3. THE HUNDRED’S DIGIT OF A NUMBER IS TWICE THE

UNIT’S DIGIT. IF 396 IS SUBSTRACTED FROM THE
NUMBER, THE ORDER OF DIGITS WILL BE REVERSED.
FIND THE NUMBER IF THE SUM OF THE DIGITS IS 17.

SOLUTION

LET

A = HUNDRED’S DIGIT

B = TEN’S DIGIT

C = UNIT’S DIGIT
MODULE EXERCISE 2.02

COVERAGE: MONEY PROBLEMS

1. A PRICE INCREASES BY 10% DUE TO DEMANS AND IS

THEN REDUCED BY 12% FOR A HOLIDAY SALE.
EXPRESS THE FINAL PRICE AS A FUNCTION OF THE
ORIGINAL PRICE P.

SOLUTION

P (1+10% ) (1-2%)=0.968 P

2. RENTING A MOTORCYCLE IN SIARGAO ISLANCD

CHARGES Php 2,800 PER WEEK PLUS TWO PESO PER
KM IN GASOLINE COST. IF YOUR ISLAND TRAVEL
BUDGET IS GOOD FOR A WEEK, HOW MANY KM CAN
YOU TRAVEL WITH Php 3000?

SOLUTION

P (3,000) = P 2,800 + P 2(x)

∴ x=100 km

3. IN WHAT PRICEWILL YOU SELL A CELL,PHONE FOR A

SALE THAT COST Php 6000 IN ORDER THAT YOU MAY
OFFER 20% DISCOUNT ON THE SELLING PRICE AND
STILL MAKE A PROFIT OF 25% ON THE DISCOUNTED
PRICE?

SOLUTION

LET

S = ORIGINAL SELLING PRICE

PROFIT = SELLING PRICE- COST

0.25(1-0.20) S=(1-0.20) S -6000

∴ S=P 10,000
MODULE EXERCISE 2.03

COVERAGE: MOTION PROBLEMS

1. AN AIRPLANE TRAVELS 500 KM AGAINST THE WIND

IN ONE HOUR AND 45 MINUTES. TRAVELLING THE
SAME DISTANCE WITH THE WIND, THE AIRPLANE
CONSUMED ONE HOUR AND 15 MINUTES. FIND THE
VELOCITY OF THE WIND

SOLUTION

LET

X = SPEED OF PLANE

Y = SPEED OF WIND

( x− y )(1.75)=500 ( 1 )
( x + y )( 1.25)=500 ( 2 )
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY: ELIMINATION

(MULTIPLY 1.75/1.25 TO EQUATION 2)

1.75 x−1.75 y=500

−1.75
( 1.25 x +1.25 y=500)
1.25

−3.5 y=−200

∴ y=57.1 kph
2. TWO TRAINS GOING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
LEAVE AT THE SAME PLACE AND AT THE SAME TIME.
ONE TRAIN TRAVELS 15 MPH FASTER THAN THE
OTHER. IN OTHER 6 HOURS, THE TRAINS ARE 630
MILES APART. FIND THE SPEED OF THE FASTER
TRAIN.

SOLUTION

LET

X = SPEED OF FASTER TRAIN

[ x+ ( x−15 ) ] ( 6 )=630
12 x=720

∴ x=60 mph
3. SLARK CAN WALK 4 KM WITH THE SAME TIME AS
SLARDAR CAN WALK 5 KM. SLARK TAKE 3 MINUTES
MORE THAN IT TAKES SLANDAR TO WALK A
KILOMETER. WHAT IS THE RATE OF SLARK IN KPH?

SOLUTION

LET

X = SPEED OF SLARK

Y = SPEED OF SLANDAR

Distance
Time=
Speed
y=1.25 x (1 )
1km 1 km 3 min
= + (2)
x y 60
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY: SUBSTITUTION

(EQUATION 1 TO EQUATION 2)

1km 1 km 3 min
= +
x 1.25 x 60
1=0.8+0.5 x
∴ x=4 kph
MODULE EXERCISE 2.04 x=9 ( 3 ) =27
COVERAGE: AGE PROBLEMS ∴ ∑ ¿ x+ y =36
1. THE SUM OF AGES OF THE THREE BROTHERS IS 63. IF
THEIR AGES ARE CONSECUTIVE INTEGERS, WHAT IS
THE AGE OF THE ELDEST BROTHER?

SOLUTION

LET

X = AGE OF ELDEST BROTHER

x + ( x−1 ) + ( x−2 )=63

3 x−3=63
∴ x=22
2. IF LUNA WAS FOUR TIMES AS OLD AS LINA EIGHT
YEARS AGO AND IF LUNA WILL BE TWICE AS OLD AS
LINA EIGHT YEARS HENCE, HOW OLD IS LINA NOW?

SOLUTION

PAST PRESENT
( 8 YRS AGO) (8 YRS. AGO)
LUNA 4(x-8) 2(x+8)
LINA x-8 x+8

2 ( x+ 8 )−4 ( x−8 ) =( x+8 )−( x−8)

−2 x=−32
∴ x=16
3. YAKI IS 3 TIMES AS OLD AS SOBA. THREE YEARS AGO,
HE IS FOUR RIMES AS OLD AS SOBA. FIND THE SUM
OF THEIR AGES.

SOLUTION

LET

X = AGE OF YAKI

Y = AGE OF SOBA

x=3 y (1)
( x−3 ) =4 ( y −3 ) (2)
SOLVING SIMULTANEOUSLY: SUBSTITUTION

(EQUATION 1 TO EQAUTION 2)

( 3 y−3 )=4 ( y−3)

y=9
FROM EQUATION 1
MODULE EXERCISE 2.05 SOLVING SIMULATNEOUSLY: SUBSTITUTION

COVERAGE: CLOCK PROBLEMS (EQUATION 2 TO EQUATION 1)

1. AT HOW MANY MINUTES AFTER 5 PM WILL THE 12 x

( 60+ x )−90=
HANDS OF A CLOCK BE PERPENDICULAR TO EACH 11 2
OTHER FOR THE SECOND TIME?
x=41.54
SOLUTION
FROM EQUATION 2
2
t= ( 5 ∙ 30+90 )=43.64 (CONVERTED INTO MINUTES)
11
2. WHAT IS THE ANGLE BETWEEN HOUR AND MINUTES 12 60 mins
θ= ( 60+ x ) ∙
HANDS AT 20 MINUTES PAST 2? 11 360 °
SOLUTION 2
θ= ( 60+41.54 )=18.46 mins
11
2
20= (2 ∙ 30+ θ)
11 ∴ At 2 :18 :27.7
∴ θ=50 °
3. WHAT TIME BETWEEN 2 AND 3 o’ CLOCK WILL THE
ANGLE BETWEEN THE HANDS OF THE CLOCK BE
BISECTED BY THE LINE CONNECTING THE CENTER OF
THE CLOCK AND 3 o’ CLOCK MARK?

SOLUTION

LET

θ=ANGLE ¿ 12 MARK ¿ MINUTE HAND

X = ANGLE BETWEEN HANDS

x
θ−90= ( 1)
2
12
θ= ( 60+ x ) ( 2)
11
MODULE EXERCISE 2.06 ∴ time=2.6 hours
COVERAGE: WORK PROBLEMS

1. IT TAKES ALISON 5 HOURS TO COMPLETE A TASK IF

SHE WORKS ALONE, AND IT TAKES CLAIRE 4 HOURS
ALONE. HOW LONG WILL IT TAKE TO COMPLETE THE
TASK IF THEY WORK TOGETHER?

SOLUTION

1 task
Ralison =
5 hours
1 task
Rclaire =
4 hours
Rate ( Time )=Work

1 1
[ ]( + Time )=1
5 4
∴ Time=2.22 hours
2. A SWIMMING POOL CAN BE FILLED BY AN INLET PIPE
IN 10 HOURS AND EMPTIED BY AN OUTLET PIPE IN
12 HOURS. ONE DAY THE POOL IS EMPTY AND THE
OWNER OPENS THE INLET PIPE TO FILL THE POOL.
BUT HE FORGETS TO CLOSE THE OUTLET. WITH
BOTH PIPES OPEN, HOW LONG WILL IT TAKE TO FILL
THE POOL?

SOLUTION

INSTEAD OF ADDING THE RATES, WE WILL SUBSTRACT

SINCE THE OUTLET PIPE SLOWS THE RATE OF THE INLET
PIPER.

Rate ( Time )=Work

1 pool 1 pool
[ −
10 hours 12 hours ]
( Time )

∴ Time=60 hours
3. MARY, SUW, AND BILL WORK AT A MOTEL. IF EACH
WORKED ALONE, IT WOULD TAKE MARY 10 HOURS,
SUE 8 HOURS, AND BILL 12 HOURS TO CLEAN THE
WHOLE MOTEL. ONE DAY MARY CAME TO WORK
EARLY AND SHE HAD CLEANED FOR 2 HOURS WHEN
SUE AND BILL ARRIVED AND ALL THREE FINISHED
THE JOB. HOW LONG DID THEY TAKE TO FINISH?

SOLUTION

Rate ( Time )=Work

1 1 1 1
10 hours
(2 hours ) + [ + +
10 hours 8 hours 12hours ]
( time )=1
MODULE EXERCISE 2.07

COVERAGE: VARIATION PROBLEMS

1. A GIRL SCOUT TROOP HAS 20 POUNDS OF CANDY

WORTH 80 CENTS PER POUND. IT WISHES TO MIX IT
WITH CANDY WORTH 50 CENTS PER POUND SO
THAT THE TOTAL MIXTURE CAN BE SOLD AT 60
CENTS PER POUND WITHOUT ANY GAIN OR LOSS.
HOW MUCH OF THE 50-CENT CANDY MUST BE
USED?

SOLUTION

LET

X = AMOUNT OF 50 CENTS CANDY

EQUATION OF COST OR PRICE

( 20 lbs )( 80 cents )+ x ( 50 cents )= (20+ x ) ( 60 cents )

∴ x=40 lbs
2. A CHEMIST NEEDS A SOLUTION OF TANNIC ACID
THAT IS 70% PURE. HOW MUCH DISTILLED-WATER
MUST SHE ADD TO 5 GALLONS OF ACID WHICH IS
90% PURE?

SOLUTION

CREATING AN EQUATION BASE ON THE AMOUNT OF

ACID.

( 5 gal )( 0.90 ) + ( x ) ( 0 )=( 5+ x ) (0.70)

x=1.43 gal
3. A CHEMIST HAS 300 GRAMS OF 20% ACID
SOLUTION. HE WISHES TO DRAIN SOME OFF AND
REPLACE IT WITH AN 80% SOLUTION SO AS TO
OBTAIN A 25% SOLUTION. HOW MANY GRAMS
MUST BE DRAIN AND REPLACE WITH 80%
SOLUTION?

SOLUTION

LET

X = AMOUNT TO BE DRAINED/REPLACED

CREATE AN EQUATION BASE ON THE AMOUNT OF ACID:

( 300 grams )( 0.20 )−x ( 0.20 )+ x ( 0.80 ) =(300 grams)(0.25)

∴ x=25 grams
 k
y=
MODULE EXERCISE 2.08 ( w−x )3
COVERAGE: MIXTURE PROBLEMS SOLVE FOR THE CONSTANT OF PROPORTIONALITY, k:

1. ACCORDING TO HOOKE’S LAW, THE FORCE NEEDED k = y ( w−x )2 =6 ( 3−1 )2=24

TO STRETCH THE SPRING IS PROPORTIONAL TO THE
AMOUNT THE SPRING IS STRETCHED. IF 50 POUNDS EQUATION
OF FORCE STRETCHES THE SPRING 5 INCHES, HOW
k 24
MUCH WILL SPRING BE STRETCHED BY A FORCE OF y= =
120 POUNDS? ( w−x ) ( w−x )2
2

SOLUTION

DIRECT VARIATION

F=kd
F1 F
=k = 2
d1 d2
50 lb
120lb
5∈¿= ¿
d2

d 2=12∈¿
2. THE WEIGHT OF A BODY VARIES INVERSELY AS THE
SQUARE OF ITS DISTANCE FROM THE CENTER OF THE
EARTH. IF THE RADIUS OF THE EARTH IS 4000 MILES,
HOW MUCH WOULD A 200 POUND MAN WEIGH
1000 MILES ABOVE THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH.

SOLUTION

INVERSE VARIATION

k
W=
d2

W 1 d 12=k W 2 d 22

200 ( 4000 )2 =W 2 ( 4000+1000 )2

W 2 =128lbs
3. GIVEN THAT Y VARIES INVERSELY AS THE SQUARE OF
THE DIFFERENCE OF W, AND X AND THAT Y = 6
WHEN W = 3 AND X = 1, FIND THE EQUATION FOR Y.

SOLUTION

THE DIFFERENCE OF W AND X

w-x
INVERSE VARIATION:
MODULE EXERCISE 2.09

COVERAGE: ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

1. FIND THE SUM OF THE FIRST 50 TERMS OF THE

SEQUENCE 1, 3, 5, 7....

SOLUTION

COMMON DIFFERENCE, d = 3-1 =2

SUM OF AP:

50
Sn = [ 2 ∙ 1+ ( 50−1 ) ( 2 ) ] =2500
2
2. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION HAS 3 AS ITS FIRST
TERM. ALSO, THE SUM OF THE FIRST 8 TERMS IS
TWICE THE SUM OF THE FIRST 5 TERMS. FIND THE
COMMON DIFFERENCE.d

SOLUTION

S8=2∙ S 5

8 5
[ 2 ∙3+ ( 8−1 ) d ] =2 ∙ [2 ∙ 3+ ( 5−1 ) ] d
2 2
∴ d=0.75
3. IF X, Y, Z ARE IN ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION, THEN
2Y = X + Z

SOLUTION

USING COMMON DIFFERENCE, THE VALUE OF Y:

y=x +d
USING COMMON DIFFERENCE THE VALUE OF Z.

z= y +d
SUBSTRACT THE EQUATIONS TO REMOVE d:

y−z =x
MODULE EXERCISE 2.10

COVERAGE: GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

1. FIND THE 7TH TERM OF THE GEOMETRIC

PROGRESSION 2, -6, 18

SOLUTION

COMMON RATIO

−6
r= =−3
2
7TH TERM

a 7=2 (−3 )7−1=1458

2. FIND THE SUM TO INFINITY OF THE GEOMETRIC
PROGRESSION 1, 1/3, 1/9, 1/27….

SOLUTION

COMMON RATIO, R

1/3 1
r= =
1 3

SUM OF INFINITE GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

1
S= =1.5
1−1 /3
3. A GIRL PUT 1 GRAIN OF RICE IN THE FIRST SQUARE
OF A STANDARD CHESS BOARD (8X8). IN THE
SUBSEQUENT SQUARE, SHE PUTS TWICE THAT OF
THE PREVIOUS SQUARE, AND SHE CONTINUES UNTIL
SHE FILLS ALL THE SQUARES. HOW MANY TOTAL
GRAINS DOES SHE NEED?

SOLUTION

TOTAL NUMBER OF TERMS ( 8 X 8 SQUARES) =64

COMMON RATIO = 2

FIRST TERM = 1

SUM OF GEOMETRIC PROGRESSION

(1−664 ) 64
S64= =2 −1
1−2
MODULE EXERCISE 3.01 3. ONE ANGLE IS THREE TIMES IT SUPPLEMENT
INCREASED BY 20° . FIND THE MEASURES OF THE
COVERAGE: ANGLE MEASUREMENTS
TWO SUPPLEMENTARY ANGLES.
1. THE HANDS OF A CLOCK SHOW 7:10. WHAT IS THE θ=3 (180−θ ) +20
MEASURE, IN RADIANS, OF THE SMALLER ANGLE θ=140
FORMED BETWEEN THE HOUR AND MINUTE
HANDS? 180−θ=40
SOLUTION

SINCE THERE ARE 12 INCREMENTS ON A CLOCK, THE MODULE EXERCISE 3.02

ANGLE BETWEEN EACH HOUR MAKING ON THE CLOCK IS
COVERAGE: TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
2π π 1. AN ANGLE IS A REFLEX ANGLE WHEREIN THE VALUE
= ∨30°
12 6 OF TANGENT OF THAT ANGLE IS 1/3. WHAT IS THE
THEREFORE, THE ANGLE BETWEEN NUMBER 7 AND CORRESPONDING SUM OPF ITS COSINE AND SINE?
NUMBER 2 IS SOLUTION
π 5π FIND THE VALUE OF ANGLE WITH TANGENT OF 1/3
5x =
6 6 FROM 0 TO 360 DEGREES.

( 13 )=18.435 °∧198.435 °
BECAUSE THE MINUTE HAND ROTATED FROM 12 TO 2,
THEREFORE THE HOUR HAND ALSO ROTATED AND IT IS arctan
1/6 OF THE DISTANCE OF AN HOUR, SPECIFICALLY FROM
7 TO 8. SO THE HOUR HAND MOVES. SINCE IT IS A REFLEX ANGLE, CHOOSE THE SCOND
ANSWER.
1 π π
x =
6 6 36 sin 198.435 °+ cos 198.435° =−1.26
THEN. THE TOTAL MEASURE OF THE ANGLE WILL THEN 2. IF COVERSINθ IS 0.256855 THEN θ IS ____
BE.
SOLUTION
5 π π 31 π
+ = =2.705 coversin θ=1−sin θ=0.256855
6 36 36
2. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT TRUE?
θ=48 °

SOLUTION

150 ° ( 180π ° )=2.62rad

π
69 ° (
180° )
=1.20 rad

π
150 ° (
180 ° )
=2.62rad

8 π 180 °
3 ( π )
=480°

π 180 °
3( π )
=60 °
 ( 1−cos x
MODULE EXERCISE 3.03
sin x )
¿
COVERAGE: TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

1. SIMPLIFY THE FUCTION Y=(TAN X + COT C ) SIN X.

1−cos 2 x
SOLUTION sin x
sin x cos x
y= ( cos x sin x )
+ sin x sin2 x
sin x
sin 2 x +cos 2 x
y= ( cos x sin x ) sin x sin x

1
y=
cos x
y=sec x
2. SIMPLIFY EACH EXPRESSION USING THE
FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITIES.

sin 2 x +cos 2 x
tan x
SOLUTION

1
tan x
cot x
3. SIMPLIFY
sin x cos 2 x −sin x
SOLUTION

sin x cos 2 x −sin x

sin x ¿ ¿

−sin x ¿ ¿

−sin3 x
4. SIMPLIFY

( sin1 x − tan1 x ) ¿
SOLUTION

( sin1 x − tan1 x ) ¿
1 1

( −
sin x sin x
cos x
¿
)
MODULE EXERCISE 3.04

COVERAGE: WAVE CHARACTERISTICS

1. FOR FUNCTION Y = 4 SIN [ 3 ( X + 2 ) ]-1, DETERMINE

THE PHASE SHIFT.

SOLUTION

THE EQUATION CAN BE WRITTEN AS:

y=4 sin [ 3 x+6 ] −1

PHASE SHIFT -6/3 = -2

2. FOR THE FUNCTION Y=1/2 COS (4X), DETERMINE ITS

PERIOD.

SOLUTION

FOR THE PERIOD, EQUATE THE ANGLE TO 2 π AND SOLVE

FOR X.

4 x=2 π
π
x=
2
3. FOR FUNCTION Y=2 SIN (3X), DETERMINE ITS
AMPLITUDE.

SOLUTION

THE AMPLITUDE IS THE NUMERICAL COEFFICIENT OF THE

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTION.

Amplitude=2
4. FOR THE FUNCTION Y=4 TAN (3X), DETERMINE THE
EQUATION OF ONE OF THE ASYMPTOTES

SOLUTION

FOR THE ASYMPTOTES, EQUATE THE ANGLE TO 90

DEGREES.

3 x=90
π
x=30 °∨
6
MODULE EXERCISE 4.01  POINT B (10,5 ) AS POINT OF INTEREST = (x1, y1)
 POINT (4, 2 ) AS POINT OF C = (x2, y2)
COVERAGE: DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS AND
DIVISION OF LINE SEGMENT THE RATIO IS:

1. FIND THE COORDINATE OF THE POINT MIDWAY

BETWEEN (-1,3 ) AND ( 6, 5 )
BA 4 parts 4
SOLUTION r= = =
BC 3 parts 3
x 1+ x 2 y 1+ y 2
( 2
,
2 ) FOR X-COORDINATE

x−x 1

( −1+6 3+5
, )
r= ( x 2−x 1 )
2 2

∴(2.5,4)
4 x−10
=
2. A POINT ( 9, 7 ) IS ALONG THE CIRCLE, GETTING THE 3 4−10
DISTANCE TO THE CENTER WILL GIVE US THE
RADIUS. ∴ x=2

SOLUTION FOR Y-COORDINATE

y − y1

radius=d=√ ( 9−6 ) + ( 7−3 )

2 2
r= ( y 2− y 1 )
∴ radius=5
4 x−5
3. A SEGMENT FROM A (A, B) AND B (10, 5 ) IS DIVIDED =
3 2−5
EQUALLY INTO PARTS. POINT (4, 2 ) IS A DIVISION
POINT NEAREST TO POINT A. FIND A (x, y) ∴ y=1
4 PARTS SOLUTION COORDINATE OF POINT a (A, B)
B (10, 5)
3 PARTS ∴(2,1)

(4,2)

A (a, b)

LET

 POINT A (a, b ) AS POINT OF INTEREST = (x, y)

MODULE EXERCISE 4.02 BUT LET’S HAVCE A MANUAL SOLUTION

COVERAGE: AREA OF POLYGON USING COORDINATE 1 x 1 x2 x 3 x 4

METHOD Area= |
2 y1 y2 y3 y 4 |
1. A 4-SIDED POLYGON HAS VERTICES OF (1,1), (4,8), (7,
2), (-3, 5) . FIND THE AREA.

SOLUTION 1
Area= ¿
2
PLOT THE POINTS
1
Area= |(1 ∙ 6+5 ∙2+7 ∙ 2)−(2 ∙5+ 6 ∙7+ 2∙ 1)|
2
(4,8)

(-3, 5) GET THE ABSOLUTE VALUE

∴ Area=12

(1,1) (7,2)

LET POINT (1, 1) AS OUR STARTING POINT AND WE WILL

HAVE OUR ORDER IN A CLOCK-WISE MANNER, YOU MAY USE
THE CONVENTIONAL SOLUTION HAVING A FORMULA OF

1 x 1 x2 x 3 x 4
Area= |
2 y1 y2 y3 y 4 |
YOU MAY ALSO USE THE CALTECH APPROACH

1. GO TO MODE 3-2 ( STAT FUNCTION WITH X AND Y

COLUMNS)
2. INPUT THE VALUES OF X IN THE PROPER ORDER:

x y
1 5-2
-3 8-1
4 2-5
7 1-8
3. PRESS AC, THEN GET THE SUMMATION OF X TIMES
Y. MULTIPLY BY ½ TO GET THE AREA (OBTAIN THE
ABSOLUTE VALUE)
1
∴ A= xy=39.5
2∑
2. FIND THE AREA OF A TRIANGLE WITH VERTICES OF
(1,2), (5, 6) AND (7,2 )

SOLUTION

YOU MATY SOLVE THIS USING CALTECH SOLUTION

MODULE EXERCISE 4.03 2 ( 1 )+ 5 (3 )−11
d=
COVERAGE: EQUATION OF A LINE √22 +52
SITUATION. GIVEN THE POINTS (6,9) AND (13,18) ∴ d=1.11
1. FIND THE EQUATION OF THE LINE 2. FIND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE TWO LINES
5X+7Y=12 AND 5X=7Y-30
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
USING TWO-POINT FORM
CONVERTING TO GENERAL FORM
y 2− y 1 y − y 1
= 5 x+ 7 y−12=0
x 2−x 1 x−x1
18−9 y −9 5 x−7 y +30=0
=
13−6 x−6 THE TWO LINES ARE NOT PARALLEL, THUS THEIR
DISTANCE IS VARYING (NOT CONSTANT) A DISTANCE CAN
9 ( x−6 )=7( y −9) BE CALCULATED IF A SPECIFIC POINT ON EACH LINE IS
9 x +7 y +9=0 GIVEN.

3. FIND THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE GIVEN LINES 4X-

2. FIND THE X-INTERCEPT
3Y-12=0 AND 4X-3Y+8=0
SOLUTION
SOLUTION
TO FIND THE X-INTERCEPT, SET THE VALUE OF Y = 0
8−(−12)
9 x +7 y +9=0 d=
√ 4 2 +(−3)2
9 x +7(0)+9=0 ∴ d=4
∴ x=a=−1
3. FIND THE Y-INTERCEPT

SOLUTION

TO FIND THE Y-INTERCEPT, SET THE VALUE OF X = 0

9 x +7 y +9=0
9(0)+7 y + 9=0
∴ y=b=1.29
MODULE EXERCISE 4.04

COVERAGE: DISTANCE FROM A POINT TO A LINE AND

BETWEEN TWO LINES

1. GIVEN A POINT WITH COORDINATES(1,3), FIND ITS

DISTANCE TOWARS THE LINE 2X+5Y=11

SOLUTION

DISTANCE BETWEEN A POINT AND A LINE

Ax+ By+ C
d=
√ A 2 +B 2
MODULE EXERCISE 4.05

COVERAGE: LOCUS POINTS

1. A POINT P (X,Y) MOVES SUCH THAT IT ALWAYS

TWICE AS FAR FROM (-5,-6) AS IT IS FROM (2,-3).
WHAT IS THE EQUATION OF THE LOCUS OF P.

SOLUTION

LOCUS POINTS

LET A = (-5,-6), B = (2,-3) AND P ( X,Y)

PA =2 PB
2 2 2 2
√ ( x+5 ) + ( y+ 6 ) =2 √ ( x−2 ) +( y +3 )
( x 2 +10 x +25+ y 2+12 y +36 ) =4 ( x2−4 x +4 + y 2 +6 y +9 )
( x 2 + y 2+ 10 x +12 y+ 61=4 x 2−16 x+ 4 y 2 +2 y+ 52 )
3 x 2+3 y 2−26 x +12 y−9=0
2. FIND THE LOCUS OF A MOVING PPOINT WHICH
FORMS A TRAINGLE OF AREA 21 SQUARE UNITS
WITH THE POINT (2,-7) AND (-4,-3)

SOLUTION

USING AREA BY COORDINATE METHOD

1 2 −4 x 2
A=21= |
2 −7 3 y −7 |
1
21= [ 2 ( 3 )−4 ( y ) + x (−7 )−(2 ( y ) + x ( 3 )−4 (−7 ) )]
2
42=6−4 y −7 x−2 y−3 x−28
10 x+ 6 y+ 64=0
5 x+ 3 y +32=0
MODULE EXERCISE 4.06 THE SHORTEST DISTANCE OF THE POINT (3,8) IS EQUAL
TO THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ITS DISTANCE FROM THE
COVERAGE: CONIC SECTION CIRCLE
CENTER AND RADIUS
1. THE DIAMETER OF THE CIRLCE DESCRIBED BY 9X2+ 2 2
9Y2= 16. d= √ (−2−3 ) + ( 3−8 ) −5

SOLUTION d=2.07
TRANSFORM TO STANDARD FROM: 3. A CIRCLE PASSES THROUGH THE POINT (5,7) AND
HAS ITS CENTER AT (2,3) FIND ITS EQUATION.
( x−h )2+ ( y −k )2=r 2
SOLUTION
2 16 2
x +y = r =√ ¿ ¿
9
2 2 16 ( x−2 )2 + ( y−3 )2=25
( x−0 ) + ( y −0 ) =
9
16
r 2=
9

16 4
r=
√ =
9 3
8
d=2r =
3
2. THE SHORTEST DISTANCE FROM (3,8) TO THE CIRCLE
x2 + y2 + 4x – 6y = 12

SOLUTION

CONVERT TO STANDARD FORM:

( x 2 +4 x ) + ( y 2−6 y )=12
( x 2 +4 x + 4 ) + ( y 2−6 y +9 ) =12+ 4+ 9
( x +2 )2+ ( y−3 )2=25
C (−2,3 ) r =5
MODULE EXERCISE 4.07 USING EQUATION 2:

COVERAGE: CONIC SECTION PARABOLA y 2−16 x +4 y+ 68=0

1. THE LINE PASSING THROUGH THE FOCUS AND y 2+ 4 y +68

PERPENDICULAR TO THE DIRECTRIX OF THE x=
16
PARABOLA. SUBSTITUTE TO EQUATION 1:

AXIS OF THE PARABOLA

x 2+ y 2−8 x+ 4 x−16=0
2. TWO CONIC SECTIONS HAVE THE FOLLOWING 2
y 2+ 4 y +68 y 2 +4 y+ 68
EQUATIONS

2 2
( 16 )
+ y 2−8 ( 16 )
+4 y−16=0
X + y – 8x +4y -16 =0
Y2 - 16x + 4y + 68 = 0 y 1=3.6569
y 2=7.6569
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DEFINES THESE CONICS?

SOLVE FOR THE VALUE OF X

SOLUTION

FIRST EQUATION: x 2+ y 2−8 x+ 4 x−16=0

COEFFICIENT OF x2 and y2 ARE EQUAL, THEREFORE,
IT IS A CIRCLE y 21+ 4 y 1 +68
x 1= =6.0
16
SECOND EQUATION:
ONLY ONE 2ND DEGREE VARIABLE, THEREFORE, IT IS A
y 22+ 4 y 2 +68
PARABOLA x 2= =6.0
16
CIRCLE AND PARABOLA
USING DISTANCE FORMULA TO DETERMINE THE
3. TWO CONIC SECTION HAVE THE FOLLOWING DISTANCE:
EQUATIONS
2 2
d= √( 6−6 ) + (−7.6569−3.6569 )
x2 + y2 – 8x + 4y – 16 = 0
d=11.31
y2 -16x + 4y +68 = 0

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING GIVES THE DISTANCE

BETWEEN THEIR POINTS OF INTERSECTION?

SOLUTION
MODULE EXERCISE 4.08

COVERAGE: CONIC SECTION ELLIPSE

1. THE SEMI-MAHOR AXIS OF AN ELLIPSE IS 4 AND ITS

SEMI-MINOR AXIS IS 3. THE ECCENTRICITY IS

SOLUTION

c
e=
a

a2−b 2
e= √
a

4 2−32
e= √
4
e=0.66
2. AN EARTH SATELLITE HAS AN APOGEE OF 40,000 KM
AND PERIGEE OF 6,600 KM. ASSUMIN THE RADIUS
OF THE EARTH AS 6,400 KM. WHAT WILL VE THE
ECCENTRICITY OF THE ELLIPTICAL PATH DESCRIBED
BY THE SATELLITE WITH THE CENTER IF THE EARTH
AT ONE OF THE FOCI?

SOLUTION

APOGEE = FARTHEST DISTANCE OF SATELLITE TO THE

EARTH

PERIGEE = NEARES DISTANCE OF SATELLITE TO THE

EARTH
MODULE EXERCISE 14.01 30 miles 1 km
x =48.28 kph
COVERAGE: FUNDAMENTALS OF TRAFFIC FLOW AND SPACE
hr 0.621 mile
MEAN SPEED TRAFFIC FLOW
1. FIVE VEHICLE PASS A SECTION A AT INTERVALS OF q=kv
3,4,3 AND 5 SEC. RESPECTIVELY. THE VEHICLES
SPEEDS ARE 50,45, 40, 35 AND 30 KPH q=14 ( 48.28 )
RESPECTIVELY. DETERMINE THE TIME MEAN SPEED.
veh
SOLUTION q=676
hr
50+45+ 40+35+30
v t= =40 kph
5
2. FIVE VEHICLE PASS A SECTION A AT INTERVALS OF
3,4,3 AND 5 SEC. RESPECTIVELY. THE VEHICLES
SPEEDS ARE 50,45, 40, 35 AND 30 KPH
RESPECTIVELY. DETERMINE THE SPACE MEAN SPEED.
5
v s= =38.72 kph
1 1 1 1 1
+ + + +
50 45 40 35 30

MODULE EXERCISE 14.02

COVERAGE: SPEED DENSITY AND FLOW RELATIONSHIP

1. DURING PEAK HOURS, 3800 VEHICLES PASS A

CERTAIN HIGHWAY FROM 9:00 AM TO 11:00AM
WITH A SPACE MEAN SPEED OF 20 KPH. WHAT IS
THE TRAFFIC DENSITY IN VEHICLES PER KM ?

SOLUTION

TRAFFIC FLOW:

3800 vehicles veh

q= =1900
2 hours hr

TRAFFIC DENSITY

q=kv
1900=20 k
veh
k =95
km
2. COMPUTE THE RATE OF FLOW IN VEHICLES PER
HOUR IF THE SPACE MEAN SPEED IS 30 MPH AND
THE DENSITY IS 14 VEH/KM

SOLUTION

CONVERT THE SPPED TO KPH

MODULE EXERCISE 14.03

COVERAGE: JAM DENSITY AND FREE FLOW SPEED veh

k =88
1. A SECTION OF THE EXTENSION OF THE NLEX
km
CONNNECTING PAMPANGA AND TARLAC IS KNOWN
TO HAVE A FREE FLOW OF SPEED OF 50 KPH AND A
CAPACITY OF 320 VEHICLES PER HOUR. IN AGIVEN
HOUR, 2000 VEHICLES WERE COUNTED AT A
SPECIFIC POINT ALONG THIS HIGHWAY SECTION.
COMPUTE THE JAM DENSITY IN VEH/KM.

SOLUTION

v f kJ
q cap=
4
50 k J
3200=
4
veh
k J =256
km
2. A PORTION OF THE EXTENSION OF SLEX HAS A FREE
FLOW SPEED OF 60 KPH AND A CAPACITY OF 3600
VEH/HR. IF IN A GIVEN HOUR, 3344 VEHICLES WERE
COUNTERED AT A SPECIFIED POINT ALONG THIS
HIGHWAY, DETERMINE THE TRAFFIC DENSITY OF
THESE 3344 VEHICLES.

SOLUTION

v f kJ
q cap=
4
60 k J
3600=
4
veh
k J =240
km
DETERMINE THE TRAFFIC DENSITY

v=v f 1− ( kk ) j

q=kv
k
q=k (v f ) 1−( kj )
k
q=k (60) 1− ( 240 )
k
3344=k (60) 1− ( 240 )
MODULE EXERCISE 14.04 λ 1=8 veh /min
COVERAGE: QUEING THEORY λ 2=2 veh/min
1. VEHICLES ARRIVE AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE NEW
1 veh
EXTENSION OF NLEX. THERE IS A SINGLE TOLL GATE μ= =4 veh/min
AT WHICH ALL VEHICLES MUST STOP WHERE A TOLL 15 sec
ATTENDANT DISTRIBUTE A TRIP TICKET. THE TOLL
OPENS AT 6:00 AM AT WHICH VEHICLES BEGIN TO
ARRIVE AT THE RATE OF 8 VEHICLES PER MINUTE. THE QUEUE WILL DISSIPATE WHEN THE NUMBER OF
AFTER 20 MINUTES, THE ARRIVAL FLOW RATE VEHICLES SERVED AND ARRIVED ARE EQUAL.
DECLINES TO 2 VEHICLES PER MINUTE AND IT
CONTINUES AT THE LEVEL FOR THE REMAINDER OF
ve h served=ve h arrived
THE DAY. IF THE TIME REQUIRED TO DISTRIBUTE THE
8 ( 20 ) +2 ( t−20 )=4 t
TRIP TICKET IS 15 SECONDS, DETERMINE THE TIME
THE QUEUE DISSIPATES. t=60 mins
SOLUTION THE NUMBER OF VEHICLES ARRIVED WILL BE
LET T = TIME AFTER 6:00 AM THE QUEUE WILL DISSIPATE n=8 ( 20 ) +2 ( 60−20 )
λ 1=8 veh /min n=240 vehicles
λ 2=2 veh/min 3. VEHICLES ARRIVE AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE NEW
EXTENSION OF NLEX. THERE IS A SINGLE TOLL GATE
1 veh
μ= =4 veh/min AT WHICH ALL VEHICLES MUST STOP WHERE A TOLL
15 sec ATTENDANT DISTRIBUTE A TRIP TICKET. THE TOLL
OPENS AT 6:00 AM AT WHICH VEHICLES BEGIN TO
ARRIVE AT THE RATE OF 8 VEHICLES PER MINUTE.
THE QUEUE WILL DISSIPATE WHEN THE NUMBER OF AFTER 20 MINUTES, THE ARRIVAL FLOW RATE
VEHICLES SERVED AND ARRIVED ARE EQUAL. DECLINES TO 2 VEHICLES PER MINUTE AND IT
CONTINUES AT THE LEVEL FOR THE REMAINDER OF
ve h served=ve h arrived THE DAY. IF THE TIME REQUIRED TO DISTRIBUTE THE
TRIP TICKET IS 15 SECONDS, DETERMINE THE
8 ( 20 ) +2 ( t−20 )=4 t
LONGEST QUEUE.
t=60 mins SOLUTION
QUEUE WILL DISSIPATE 60 MINS AFTER 6:00 AM. LET T = TIME AFTER 6:00 AM THE QUEUE WILL DISSIPATE
THEREFORE IT WILL BE 7:00 AM
λ 1=8 veh /min
2. VEHICLES ARRIVE AT THE ENTRANCE OF THE NEW
EXTENSION OF NLEX. THERE IS A SINGLE TOLL GATE λ 2=2 veh/min
AT WHICH ALL VEHICLES MUST STOP WHERE A TOLL
ATTENDANT DISTRIBUTE A TRIP TICKET. THE TOLL 1 veh
μ= =4 veh/min
OPENS AT 6:00 AM AT WHICH VEHICLES BEGIN TO 15 sec
ARRIVE AT THE RATE OF 8 VEHICLES PER MINUTE.
AFTER 20 MINUTES, THE ARRIVAL FLOW RATE THE LONGEST QUEUE WILL FORM RIGHT BEFORE THE
DECLINES TO 2 VEHICLES PER MINUTE AND IT ARRIVAL RATE REDUCED TO 2 VEH/MIN ( 20 MINS AFTER
CONTINUES AT THE LEVEL FOR THE REMAINDER OF 6:00 AM
THE DAY. IF THE TIME REQUIRED TO DISTRIBUTE THE
NO. OF VEHICLES ARRIVED:
TRIP TICKET IS 15 SECONDS, DETERMINE THE TOTAL
NUMBER OF VEHICLES THAT HAVE ARRIVED AND 8 ( 20 ) =160 veh
DEPARTYED UNTIL NO MORE QEUED EXIST.
NO. OF VEHICLES SERVED:
SOLUTION
4 ( 20 )=80 veh
LET T = TIME AFTER 6:00 AM THE QUEUE WILL DISSIPATE
 QUEUE

l=160−80=80 veh

MODULE EXERCISE 14.06

COVERAGE: PEAK HOUR VOLUME

1. DETERMINE THE PEAK HOUR VOLUME.

SOLUTION

PHV =375+380+412+390=1557

2. DETERMINE THE PEAK HOUR FACTOR

SOLUTION

PHV =375+380+412+390=1557
1557
PHF= =0.945
4 (412)
3. DETERMINE THE DEISGN HOURLY VOLUME.

SOLUTION

DHV =412 ( 4 )=1648

MODULE EXERCISE 14.07

COVERAGE: ACCIDENT ANALYSIS

1. THE MATHEMATICAL MODEL n = 0.422 – 36x +1000

APPROXIMATES THE NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS, N, PER
50 MILLION MILES DRIVEN, FOR DRIVERS WHO ARE X
YEARS OLD. THE FORMULA APPLIES TO DRIVERS’
AGES 15 THOUGH 70 INCLUSIVE. DETERMINE THE
NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS PER 50 MILLION MILES
DRIVEN ARE THERE FOR 20 YEARS OLD DRIVERS.

SOLUTION
2
N=0.40 (20 ) −36 ( 20 ) +1000=440
2. BASED ON THE RECORD OF ROAD ACCIDENTS, FIND
THE NUMBER OF FATAL ACCIDENTS IN 1996 IF THE
SEVERITY RATION IS 0.24863. DETERMINE THE
VALEU OF X.

SOLUTION

Total property damge=205+178+152+ 190+236=961

Total injury =56+48+ 41+60+88=293
Total fatal=2+3+3+5+ x=13+ x
( 13+ x ) +(293)
SR= =0.24863
( 13+ x ) +293+961
3. A FREEWAY IS TO BE DESIGNED AS A PASSENGER-
CAR-ONLY FACILITY FOR AN AADT OF 35000
VEHICLES PER DAY. IT IS ESTIMATED THAT THE
FREEWAY WILL HAVE A FREE FLOW SPEED OF 70
MPH. THE DESIGN WILL BE FOR COMMUTERS AND
THE PEAK HOUR FACTOR IS ESTIAMTED WITH 65 %
OF THE PEAK HOUR TRAFFIC TRAVELLING IN THE
PEAK DIRECTION. IF THE K-FACTOR FOR THIS
FREEWAY IS 0.148, DETERMINE THE DIRECTIONAL
DESOIGN HOURLY VOLUME.

SOLUTION

DDHV =0.148 ( 0.65 ) ( 35000 )=3367

 4. RENTAL AGENCY R CHARGES $12.50 PLUS $8 PER
HOUR TO RENT A ROTOILLER. RENTAL AGENCY S
MODULE EXAM 1
CHARGES $10 PLUS $8.50 PER HOUR TO RENT THE
1. WHAT IS THE DOMAIN OF THE FUNCTION? ROTOTILLER. FOR WHICH RENTAL PERIOD (IN
1 HOURS) IS IT CHEAPER TO RENT FROM AGENCY R?
f ( x )=
√ x 2+ 4 SOLUTION

SOLUTION LET X = NUMBER OF HOURS

TO GET REAL VALUES OF Y, THE TERM IN THE R=12.50+ 8 x

DENOMINATOR SHOUKLD NOT BE EQUAL TO ZERO.
S=10+ 8.5 x
THUS,
NUMBER OF HOURS SUCH THAT RENTING AGENCY R IS
2
x +4 CHEAPER THAN S

THE SOLUTION SET IN THIS INEQUALITY ARE ALL REAL R< S

NUMBERS OR (-∞,+∞)
12.50+8 x <10+8.5 x
∴ ALL REAL NUMBERS
2.50<0.5 x
2. DETERMINE THE TERM INVOLVING y3z2 IN THE
EXPANSION (3x2+2y+z2)4 x >5 days
SOLUTION ∴ 6 days
TO GET THE TERM INVOLVING y3z2, THE TERM MUST
HAVE

y 3 z2 =(2 y)(2 y )(2 y)( z 2)

THUS, TO GET THE COEFFICENT

4! 0
( 2 y )3 ( z ) ( 3 x 2 ) =32 y 3 z
3! 10 !
∴ 32
3. KERRY MAKES $11.00 PER HOUR WORKING IN A
FAST-FOOD RESTAURANT. HE ALSO DOES LAWN
JOBS THAT NET HIM $175 PER WEEK. FIND THE
MINIMUM NUMBER OF HOURS HE MUST WORK IN
THE RESTAURANT IN ORDER TO EARN ENOUGH TO
PAY HIS CAR INSURANCE PREMIUM OF $1,128.00.
THE PREMIUM IS DUE IN THREE WEEKS AND HE HAS
SAVED NOTHING TO DATE.

SOLUTION

TO PAY HIS CAR INSURANCE, HE MUST HAVE AN INCOME

OF $1,128

LET X = NUJMBER OF HOURS HE MUST WORK.

Income=11 x+175 ( 3 )
11 x+ 175 (3 ) ≥ 1218
x ≥ 63 hours
MODULE EXAM 14 k
1. FIVE VEHICLES PASS A SECTION A AT INTERVALS OF
(
q=k (v f ) 1−
kj )
3,4,3 AND 5 SEC RESPECTIVELY. THE VEHICLES
k
SPEEDS ARE 50, 45, 40, 35 AND 30 KPH
RESPECTIVELY. DETERMINE THE TRAFFIC DENSISTY. (
q=k ( 60 ) 1−
240 )
SOLUTION k
SPACE MEAN SPEED
3344=k ( 60 ) 1− ( 240 )
5 k =88 veh /km
v s= =38.7 kph
1 1 1 1 1 DETERMINE THE SPACE MEAN SPEED
+ + + +
50 45 40 35 30
TAFFIC FLOW
( kk )
v=v f 1−
j
t=3+ 4+3+5=15 sec
88
q=
5 vehicles
15
=0.333 veh /sec
v=60 1−( 240 )
v=38 kph
CONVERT VEH/SEC TO VEH/HR
3. INTRODUCED A SET OF NOTATIONS WHICH HAVE
q=1200 veh /hr BECOME STANDARD IN THE LITERATURE OF
TRAFFIC DENSITY QUEUING MODELS. A GENERAL QUEUING SYSTEM IS
DENOTED BY a/b/n
q=kv
KENDALL
1200=k ( 3.87 ) 4. SCHEDULES MAINTENACE WILL CLOSE TWO OF THE
FOUR WESTBOUND LANES OF A FREEWAY DURING
k =31 veh /km
ONE WEEKDAY FOR THE PERIOD FROM 9:00 AM TO
2. A PORTION OF THE EXTENSION OF SLEX HAS A FREE 4:00 PM. THE DEMAND ON THE TWO LANES ARE AS
FLOW SPEED OF 60 KPH AND A CAPACITY OF 3600 FOLLOWS:
VEH/HR. IF IN A GIVEN HOUR, 3344 VEHICLES WERE
SOLUTION
COUNTERED AT A SPECIFIED POINT ALONG THIS
HIGHWAY, DETERMINE THE SPACE MEAN SPEED OF
THESE 3344 VEHICLES

SOLUTION

vf k j
q=
4
60 k j
3600=
4
veh
k j=240 5. SCHEDULES MAINTENACE WILL CLOSE TWO OF THE
km FOUR WESTBOUND LANES OF A FREEWAY DURING
DETERMINE THE TRAFFIC DENSITY ONE WEEKDAY FOR THE PERIOD FROM 9:00 AM TO
4:00 PM. THE DEMAND ON THE TWO LANES ARE AS
k FOLLOWS:
( )
v=v f 1−
kj SOLUTION

q=kv
 Q m ax =160−80=80 vehicles
7. 2. IN HOW MANY MINUTES WILL QUEUE DISSIPATE?

SOLUTION

LET T – MINUTES

6. VEHICLES ARRIVE AT AN ENTRANCE TO A TOLL GATE

ON AN EXPRESSWAY. THERE IS A SINGLE GATE (AT
WHICH ALL VEHICLES MUST STOP, WHERE A TOLL
ATTENDANT DISTRIBUTES THE TICKET. THE VEHICLES
ARRIVE AT A RATE OF 8 VEH/MIN. AFTER 20
MINUTES THE ARRIVAL FLOW DECLINES TO 2
VEH/MIN, AND IT CONTINUES AT THAT LEVEL FOR
THE RENAIINDER OF THE DAY. IF THE TIME
REQUIRED TO DISTRIBUTE THETICKET IS 15 THE TIME TO DISSIPATES THE QUEUE IS T WHEN TOTAL
SECONDS. ARRIVALS EQUAL TO THE TOTAL DEPARTURE.
1. DETERMINE THE MAXIMUM QUEUE LENGTH
Q=O
λ t=μt
SOLUTION
BASED ON THE GRAPH, THE QUEUE WILL DISSIPATE
FOR THE MAXIMUM QUEU LENGTH (REFER TO THE
FIGURE) SOMEWHERE AFTER 20 MINS

LET T-MINUTES 160+2 ( T −20 )=4 t

t=60 mins
8. 3. DETERMINE THE TOTAL DELAY DUE TO QUEQUE

SOLUTION

FOR THE TOTAL DELAY (REFER TO THE FIGURE)

THE LONGEST VERTICAL DISTANCE BETWEEN THE

ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE CURVES IS FOUND AT 20
MINUTES

Q20=Qmax =λ 20−μ20

veh Total Delay =Area Between Arrival∧Departure Curve

( min
λ 20=8 t= 8 ) ( 20 min )=160 vehicles 1
Total Delay = ( 20 mins ) + ( 80 veh )+ 1/2 ( 40 mins ) (80 veh)
veh 2
μ =4 t=( 4
min )
20 ( 20 min )=80 vehicles
Total Delay =2400 veh−min
9. FOR THE TABLE SHOWN

SOLUTION

PEAK HOUR VOLUME IS THE SUM OF THE VOLUME IN

THE PEAK HOUR

PHV =890 vehicles

PEAK HOUR FACTOR THEREFORE:

890 vehicles
PHV =
60 mins
310 x(15 mins )
PHV =0.718
10. DETERMINE THE DEISGN HOURLY VOLUME FOR THE
TRAFFIC DATA PROVIDED

SOLUTION

DEISGN HOURLY VOLUME

PFV
D HV =
PHF
890 veh
DHV =
0.718
DHV =1240 vehicles