STRUKTUR KONSTRUKSI DAN BAHAN III

19 April 2021

Zulhadi Sahputra, ST, MT

mega column system
 mega-coloumn
(mega frame, space truss)
system

consist of reinforced concrete

or composite columns and/
or shear walls with much larger
cross-sections than normal

can resist all the vertical

and lateral loads

horizontal connections are

of primary importance

floor slabs acting as rigid floor

Source: Edytia
 mega-coloumn
(mega frame, space truss)
system

consist of reinforced concrete

or composite columns and/
or shear walls with much larger
cross-sections than normal

can resist all the vertical

and lateral loads

horizontal connections are

How? of primary importance
belts,
vierendeel frames, and
mega braces are used floor slabs acting as rigid floor

Source: Edytia
Al Faisaliah Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2000
(photo courtesy of Adrian Peret,
adrian.peret@gmail.com)
Al Faisaliah Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2000
(photo courtesy of Adrian Peret,
adrian.peret@gmail.com)
outriggered systems
 outriggered frame systems

have been developed by

adding outriggers to shear-
frame systems with core

are structural elements connecting the

core to the perimeter columns at one
or more levels throughout the height of
the building so as to stiffen the structure

An outrigger consists of a horizontal

shear truss or shear wall (or deep beam)

Source: Edytia
 Burj Khalifa, Dubai, U.A.E, 2010
(photo courtesy of Adrian Peret, adrian.peret@gmail.com)
tube systems

Frame-Tube,
Truss-Tube,
Blunded-Tube
 tube systems

The tube system was innovated in the early

1960s by the famous structural engineer
Fazlur Rahman Khan who is considered the
“father of tubular design”

can be likened to a system in which

a hollow box column

is cantilevering from the ground, and so the

building exterior exhibits a tubular behaviour
against lateral loads

is evolved from the rigid frame system

Source: Edytia
 The Plaza on Dewitt, Chicago, USA, 1966
(photo courtesy of Marshall Gerometta/CTBUH)
 In tubular design, the rigidity of the structural system against
lateral loads can be increased with solutions such as:

❑ closer spacing of the perimeter columns

❑ increasing the depth of the spandrel beams

connected to the perimeter columns

❑ adding shear trusses/braces or shear walls to

the core
❑ adding an inner tube in place of the core (tube-in-
tube)
❑ adding a truss (multi-storey braces) to the building
exterior (trussed-tube)

❑ combining more than one tube (bundled-tube).

Source: Edytia
mega core system
 mega core system

consist of reinforced concrete or

composite core (shear walls)
with much larger cross-sections
than normal

no need for columns or shear

walls on the perimeter ofthe building

floor slabs are cantilevered

from the core (shear wall)

can also be used with

strengthened cantilever slabs

Source: Edytia