Islamic Studies

Assignment no: 3(Semester Project)

Submitted By: Mahnoor Javaid

Reg no: FA20-BEC-032
Submitted To:
 Islam and Social Issues:
Following are the social issues of Muslims and their solutions considering
Islamic Teachings:

1. Islam and Alcoholic Drinks:

Islam is a faith which demands to reason and conscience. Since
alcohol is injurious to reason and lessens a man's intelligence, moral sagacity,
logical powers and spiritual sensitiveness, any drop of it is strictly prohibited
to any Muslim.
Islam appeared in a society in which alcohol was common and
not only prohibited the filthy habit but was able to extirpate it with the
illiteracy and corruption, the selfishness, fierceness and resultant misery
which it had caused. All this blessed support to mankind was started by one
inspired man, one man of God who by the strength of his conviction
nauseated against the oppression of addiction and called men to freedom
from slavery to such petty liquids, setting them on the upright road to life.
It is written in Quran:

ُ َ‫ضٓا َء فِى ۡالخَمۡ ِر َو ۡال َم ۡي ِس ِر َوي‬

‫ص َّد ُكمۡ ع َۡن ِذ ۡك ِر‬ َ ‫اِنَّ َما ي ُِر ۡي ُد ال َّش ۡي ٰط ُن اَ ۡني ُّۡوقِ َع بَ ۡينَ ُك ُم ۡال َعدَا َوةَ َو ۡالبَ ۡغ‬
َ‫هّٰللا ِ َوع َِن الص َّٰلو ِة فَهَ ۡل اَ ۡنـتُمۡ ُّم ۡنتَه ُۡون‬
“By intoxicants and games of chance Satan only desires to create
enmity and hatred between you, and to turn you away from the
remembrance of Allah and from Prayer. Will you, then, desist?”
(Al-Ma’idah,5:90)

A group who were busy drinking when this passage was revealed and
uttered, promptly under its impact went into the streets and broke the vessels
containing alcoholic liquors and spilt their contents on the ground.
 2. Islam and the Family:
While the warp of society is the individual
person and the yelp is social order, the unit of the plan is the family. Families
in which communal understanding, honesty and sensitivity reign, form
details of a harmonious pattern. But a family in misunderstanding and
confusion distorts and damages the pattern.
Islam answers the call of nature favorably, with its persistence
on the family as the best safeguard of public quality, and its asseveration that
it is the only right and real way. It is written in the Surah:

‫هّٰللا‬
ِ ‫بَنِ ۡينَ َو َحفَ َدةً َّو َر َزقَ ُكمۡ ِّمنَ الطَّيِّ ٰب‬
ؕ‫ت‬ ِ ‫َو ُ َج َع َل لَـ ُكمۡ ِّم ۡن اَ ۡنفُ ِس ُكمۡ اَ ۡز َوا ًجا َّو َج َع َل لَـ ُكمۡ ِّم ۡن اَ ۡز َو‬
ۡ‫اج ُكم‬
َ‫يَ ۡكفُر ُۡو ۙن‬ ۡ‫ت هّٰللا ِ هُم‬ ِ َ‫اَفَبِ ۡالب‬
ِ ‫اط ِل ي ُۡؤ ِمنُ ۡونَ َوبِنِ ۡع َم‬
“And Allah has given you spouses from your kind, and has granted you
through your spouses, sons and grandsons, and has provided you
wholesome things as sustenance. (After knowing all this), do they still
believe in falsehood and deny Allah's bounty”.
(An-Nahl,16:72)

Contrast with this the tragic despair of women in pre-Islamic

Arabia. What a height of self-respect has been conferred by Islam on the
female gender to enable one of them to lift her voice in public reproof to a
Caliph and cause him to converse his own public utterance! Islam took from
men the right to own women. It is written in Surah:

ۡ َ‫صلِ ِح ۡينَ ِم ۡن ِعبَا ِد ُكمۡ َواِ َمٓائِ ُكمۡ ؕ اِ ۡنيَّ ُك ۡونُ ۡوا فُقَ َرٓا َء ي ُۡغنِ ِه ُم هّٰللا ُ ِم ۡن ف‬
ؕ ‫ضلِ ٖه‬ ّ ٰ ‫َواَ ۡن ِكحُوا ااۡل َيَامٰ ى ِم ۡن ُكمۡ َوال‬
‫اس ٌع َعلِ ۡي ٌم‬ ‫هّٰللا‬
ِ ‫َو ُ َو‬
“Marry those of you that are single, (whether men or women), 50 and
those of your male and female slaves that are righteous. 51,  52 If they are
poor, Allah will enrich them out of His Bounty.53 Allah is Immensely
Resourceful, All-Knowing”.
(An-Nur,24:32)
 3. Islam and the Position of Women:

Islam favors both man and

woman as created by God to rise to the full figure of the perfect human.
Islam declares that in God's eyes there is no difference between man and
woman. Each is a valuable soul. In His eyes all that makes people stand out
from one another is their outshining in feature, piety, admiration, spiritual
and ethical qualities. It is open to both men and women to realize that type of
excellence. At Judgment Day each soul will be judged, regardless of gender,
according to the fruits of their actions, by the above standards. As it is written
in Surah:

ِ ‫َم ۡن َجٓا َء بِ ۡال َح َسنَ ِة فَلَهٗ خ َۡي ٌر ِّم ۡنهَ ۚا َو َم ۡن َجٓا َء بِال َّسيِّئَ ِة فَاَل ي ُۡجزَى الَّ ِذ ۡينَ َع ِملُوا ال َّسي ِّٰا‬
‫ت اِاَّل َما‬
َ‫ َكانُ ۡوا يَ ۡع َملُ ۡون‬ ۚ
“He who shall bring a good deed shall be rewarded with what is
better. But those who bring evil deeds shall not be requited more
than their deeds”.
(Al-Qasas,28:84)
As it is written in Surah:

ۢ ُ ‫ض ۡي ُع َع َم َل عَا ِم ٍل ِّم ۡن ُكمۡ ِّم ۡن َذ َك ٍر اَ ۡواُ ۡن ٰث ۚى بَ ۡع‬

ِ ُ‫اب لَهُمۡ َربُّهُمۡ اَنِّ ۡى اَل ۤ ا‬
ٍ ‫ض ُكمۡ ِّم ۡنبَ ۡع‬
ۚ‫ض‬ ۡ َ‫ف‬
َ ‫استَ َج‬
“Their Lord answered the Prayer thus: ‘I will not suffer the work of
any of you, whether male or female, to go to waste; each of you is
from the other’”.
(Al-i-Imran,3:195)

4. Islam and Divorce:

Divorce is conflicting to the laws of nature.

The terminating of the marriage-bond and the separation of those who should
be life-partners is a rejection of the true nature of man as created and as at his
best. Any society in which divorces become frequent, with the resulting
break-up of families, evidences its eccentricity from nature and her
requirements.
Islam, in addition to the multiple measures it has taken to make
it easier for people to enter the married state and start families, also makes it
more difficult to break up the home. Everything possible is done to ensure
happy complete home-life, for the sake of the family's members and of the
culture to which they belong. It is therefore that it is written in Surah:

‫ض َم ۤا‬ ۡ
ِ ‫ضلُ ۡوهُ َّن لِتَذهَب ُۡوا بِبَ ۡع‬ ُ ‫ٰۤيـاَيُّهَا الَّ ِذ ۡينَ ٰا َمنُ ۡوا اَل يَ ِحلُّ لَـ ُكمۡ اَ ۡنت َِرثُوا النِّ َسٓا َء َك ۡرهًا ؕ َواَل ت َۡع‬
‫ف ۚ فَا ِ ۡن َك ِر ۡهتُ ُم ۡوهُ َّن فَ َع ٰۤسى اَ ۡن‬ ِ ‫َاشر ُۡوهُ َّن بِ ۡال َم ۡعر ُۡو‬ ِ َ‫ٰات َۡيتُ ُم ۡوهُ َّن اِاَّل ۤ اَ ۡن ي َّۡاتِ ۡينَ بِف‬
ِ ‫اح َش ٍة ُّمبَيِّنَ ٍة ۚ َوع‬
‫ت َۡك َرهُ ۡوا َش ۡيـئًـا َّويَ ۡج َع َل هّٰللا ُ فِ ۡي ِه خ َۡيرًا َكثِ ۡيرًا‬
“Believers! It is not lawful for you to become heirs to women against
their will. It is not lawful that you should put constraint upon them
that you may take away anything of what you have given them; (you
may not put constraint upon them) unless they are guilty of brazenly
immoral conduct. Live with your wives in a good manner. If you
dislike them in any manner, it may be that you dislike something in
which Allah has placed much good for you”.
(An-Nisa,4:19)
In the Qur'an, Surah At-Talaq:

ِؕ ‫َّواَ ۡش ِه ُد ۡوا َذ َو ۡى ع َۡد ٍل ِّم ۡن ُكمۡ َواَقِ ۡي ُموا ال َّشهَا َدةَ هّٰلِل‬
“And bring to witness two just men from among you and establish
the testimony for (the acceptance of) Allah”.
(At-Talaq,5:2)

5. Temporary Marriages:

Islam makes a suitable marriage, when a man and woman reach

adult hood, a merit and an asset. Thus, it turns the Gods instinct to its correct
operation in the solidification of society. It vetoes bestial abuse of the instinct
but exalts its truly human use in accord with the way in which God has made
mankind. A man was created to love a wife and children. This is accredited
in every race in every region. It is written in Surah Al-i-Imran:

‫ض ِة َو ۡالخ َۡـي ِل‬

َّ ِ‫ب َو ۡالف‬ َّ َ‫َاط ۡي ِر ۡال ُمقَ ۡنطَ َر ِة ِمن‬
ِ َ‫الذه‬ ِ ‫ت ِمنَ النِّ َسٓا ِء َو ۡالبَـنِ ۡينَ َو ۡالقَن‬ِ ‫اس حُبُّ ال َّشهَ ٰو‬ ِ َّ‫ُزيِّنَ لِلن‬
‫هّٰللا‬
ِ ‫ع ۡال َح ٰيو ِة ال ُّد ۡنيَا ۚ َو ُ ِع ۡند َٗه ح ُۡس ُن ۡال َم ٰا‬
‫ب‬ ُ ‫ك َمتَا‬ َ ِ‫ثؕ ٰذ ل‬ ِ ‫ ۡال ُم َس َّو َم ِة َوااۡل َ ۡن َع ِام َو ۡال َح ۡـر‬ 
“Men are naturally tempted by the lure of women, children, treasures of
gold and silver, horses of mark, cattle and plantations. These are the
enjoyments in the life of this world; but with Allah lies a goodly abode to
return to”. (Al-i-Imran,3:14)

A woman who enters such a bond is counted as the man's real wife and can
claim all the rights which are legally quantified as such. As it is written in
Surah An-Nisa:
ۡ‫ب هّٰللا ِ َعلَ ۡي ُكم‬
َ ‫ت ِمنَ النِّ َسٓا ِء اِاَّل َما َملَـ َك ۡت اَ ۡي َمانُ ُكمۡ ۚ ِك ٰت‬ َ ‫َّو ۡال ُم ۡح‬
ُ ‫ص ٰن‬
“And (also prohibited to you are all) married women except those your
right hands possess. (This is) the decree of Allah upon you”.
(An-Nisa,4:24)

6. Multiple Marriages:
Before the rise of Islam, the tribes went in for
limitless polygamy. Indeed, it was a rank symbol to have many wives, the
more wives, the greater the man. As written in Quran Surah An-Nisa:
‫ث َو ُر ٰب َۚع فَا ِ ۡن‬َ ‫اب لَـ ُكمۡ ِّمنَ النِّ َسٓا ِء َم ۡث ٰنى َوثُ ٰل‬ َ َ‫َواِ ۡن ِخ ۡفتُمۡ اَاَّل تُ ۡق ِسطُ ۡوا فِى ۡاليَ ٰتمٰ ى فَا ْن ِكح ُۡوا َما ط‬
ؕ ‫ك اَ ۡد ٰنٓى اَاَّل تَع ُۡولُ ۡوا‬
َ ِ‫اح َدةً اَ ۡو َما َملَـ َك ۡت اَ ۡي َمانُ ُكمۡ ؕ ٰذ ل‬
ِ ‫ِخ ۡفتُمۡ اَاَّل ت َۡع ِدلُ ۡوا فَ َو‬
“If you fear that you might not treat the orphans justly, then marry
the women that seem good to you: two, or three, or four. If you fear
that you will not be able to treat them justly, then marry (only)
one, or marry from among those whom your right hands
possess. This will make it more likely that you will avoid injustice”.
 (An-nisa,4:3)

The laws leading a man's just treatment and equal care for each of his wives
lay down:
1. That he must provide enough to have the proper food for each wife;
2. That he must pay each same marital attention;
3. That he must fulfill all the heavy responsibilities for each wife and her
children.

7. Islam and Racism:

The "Unity" is the foundation of Islamic

theology: and therefore "Unity" is the ground of its viewpoint of society. All
humanity is one; a great unit. Its individuals are part of one society combine,
which is so complete that it includes all differences within its oneness. The
many find within the one that brotherhood, love, sociability and human
blood-relationship which is of the essence. So, it is written Qur’an:

ۤ
‫ث ِم ۡنهُ َما ِر َجااًل‬ َّ َ‫ق ِم ۡنهَا ز َۡو َجهَا َوب‬ َ َ‫اح َد ٍة َّو َخل‬
ِ ‫س َّو‬ ٍ ‫ٰيـاَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اتَّقُ ۡوا َربَّ ُك ُم الَّ ِذ ۡى َخلَقَ ُكمۡ ِّم ۡننَّ ۡف‬
‫ َكثِ ۡيرًا َّونِ َسٓا ًءۚ َواتَّقُوا هّٰللا َ الَّ ِذ ۡى تَ َسٓا َءلُ ۡونَ بِ ٖه َوااۡل َ ۡر َحا َم ؕ اِ َّن هّٰللا َ َكانَ َعلَ ۡي ُكمۡ َرقِ ۡيبًا‬ 
“O men! Fear your Lord Who created you from a single being and
out of it created its mate; and out of the two spread many men and
women. Fear Allah in Whose name you plead for rights and heed
the ties of kinship. Surely, Allah is ever watchful over you”.
(An-Nisa,4:1)
As it is written Qur'an:
‫ق لَ ُكمۡ ِّم ۡن اَ ۡنفُ ِس ُكمۡ اَ ۡز َوا ًجا لِّت َۡس ُكنُ ۡۤوا اِلَ ۡيهَا َو َج َع َل بَ ۡينَ ُكمۡ َّم َو َّدةً َّو َر ۡح َمةً  ؕ اِ َّن‬
َ َ‫َو ِم ۡن ٰا ٰيتِ ٖ ۤه اَ ۡن َخل‬
َ ِ‫ فِ ۡى ٰذ ل‬ 
ٍ ‫ك اَل ٰ ٰي‬
َ‫ت لِّقَ ۡو ٍم يَّتَفَ َّكر ُۡون‬
“And of His Signs is that He has created mates for you from your own
kind that you may find peace in them and He has set between you love and
mercy. Surely there are Signs in this for those who reflect”.
(Ar-Rome,30:21)
 8. Islam, Freedom, and Justice:

Since all control and authority

belongs to God, men in any office which discusses authority must exercise
their delegated power as factors and ministers of God to men.
It is written Qur'an: Surah, Al-i-Imran:

‫قۚ َو َما ِم ۡناِ ٰل ٍه اِاَّل هّٰللا ُؕ َواِ َّن هّٰللا َ لَهُ َو ۡال َع ِز ۡي ُز ۡال َح ِك ۡي ُم‬
ُّ ‫صصُ ۡال َحـ‬
َ َ‫اِ َّن ٰه َذا لَهُ َو ۡالق‬
“This is the true story. There is no God but Allah, and assuredly
Allah is All-Mighty, All-Wise”.
(Al-i-Imran,3:62)

The peoples of today's world desire for unity, justice and freedom. They long
to be saved from mistreatment and war. They stroll lost, like -sheep gone
awry. Let them turn to the sunshine of Islam's regulations of life and living.
Under that authority, all black and white, red and yellow are at one in justice,
freedom and equality.
As it is written Qur'an:
‫ٰۤياَيُّهَا النَّاسُ اِنَّا َخلَ ۡق ٰن ُكمۡ ِّم ۡن َذ َك ٍر َّواُ ۡن ٰثى َو َج َع ۡل ٰن ُكمۡ ُشع ُۡوبًا َّوقَبَٓائِ َل لِتَ َعا َرفُ ۡوا ؕ اِ َّن اَ ۡك َر َم ُكمۡ ِع ۡن َد‬
‫هّٰللا ِ اَ ۡت ٰقٮ ُكمۡ ؕ اِ َّن هّٰللا َ َعلِ ۡي ٌم َخبِ ۡي ٌر‬
“Human beings, we created you all from a male and a female and
made you into nations and tribes so that you may know one another.
Verily the noblest of you in the sight of Allah is the most God-fearing
of you.28 Surely Allah is All-Knowing, All-Awar”.29
(Al-Hujurat,49:13)

9. Islam and Classes:

Anyone who thinks that other nations have raised up the backward
classes in society in a way in the least like that which Islam has successfully
followed in its fight against dictatorship and oppression misses the point and
shows that he has not the weakest perception of the inner truth of Islam, and
its gentle social justice. No other system has hitherto been able to bring such
an ideology so effectually into practice.

10.Illustrations of Islamic Practice:

It is told that once three Muslims of three different racial stocks, to wit
Salman the Irani, Saheeb the Byzantine and Balal the Ethiopian, were sitting
together when an Arab called Qais joined them. This Arab, witnessing the
precious sight of three Muslims of pure hearts and humble souls, said: "Aus
and Khazraj were Arabs who stood by the Prophet in provision and sacrifice.
What have these three aliens to say? Who asked them to be among the
Prophet's aides?"
Qais' words gotten the Prophet's ears. He rose and called his people to gather
in the mosque where he said to them in rage: "God is one. Adam, common
father of all, one. Your faith, one. Then Arabism, however proud you may be
of it, comes neither from your father nor your mother—merely your tongue."
The Prophet tried to crush racialism and propagated a decree making equality
the law and condemning any contrary reaction.

11.Islam and World Peace:

In Islam, peace is only one among many ingredients in the actual recipe for
human happiness. People must be free to think what they will as they will, to
weigh all options, and, having thought them through in the light of reason, to
decide on the best way to live together. This is the Qur'anic prescription as
laid down, for instance, in Quran:
“There is no compulsion in religion. The Right Way stands clearly
distinguished from the wrong”.
(Al-Baqara,2:256)