1. How does a vector quantity differ from a scalar quantity.

Scalars are quantities that are fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value)
alone. Vectors are quantities that are fully described by both a magnitude and a
direction.

2. The following quantities describe location or its change: position, distance and
displacement. Identify each as a vector or scalar quantity.

Position- scalar

Distance- scalar

Displacement- vector

3. How can you use a clock to find a time interval?

So, the clock measures time by counting the number of pulses received; the interval
between pulses is the time it takes for a pulse to travel to the mirror and back.

4. What is the difference between average velocity and average speed?

The average speed is the distance (a scalar quantity) per time ratio. The average
velocity is the displacement or position change (a vector quantity) per time ratio.

5. How are velocity and acceleration related?

Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.

6. Does a car that’s slowing down always have a negative acceleration? Explain.

If you always choose the current direction of motion as positive, then an object that is
slowing down will always have a negative acceleration.

7. Can the velocity of an object change when its acceleration is constant? If so, give
an example. If not, explain.

An object undergoing a constant acceleration has a constantly changing velocity. If

the acceleration always points in the same direction as the velocity, the trajectory will
be no different than if there were no acceleration, but in general acceleration will
change the trajectory.
8. If the velocity-time curve is a straight line parallel to the x-axis(time), what can you
say about the acceleration?

When the velocity-time graph is a line parallel to the x-axis, the acceleration is zero.

1. A walker and a runner leave your front door at the same time. They move in the
same direction at different constant velocities. Describe the position-time graphs of
each.

They each start at zero, the walker goes from a straight path diagonally. While the
runner goes a higher curve path because his speed is increasing.

2. What quantity is represented by the area under a velocity-time curve?

Scalar.

3. Light from the sun reaches Earth in 8.3 min. The velocity of light is 3.00 x 108 m/s.
How far is Earth from the sun? *don’t forget to convert your minutes.

4. Use the position-time graph in the figure below to find how far the object travels

a. between t = 0s and t = 40s this is one question __400_____________

b. between t = 40s and t = 70s this is one question___30___________

c. between t = 90s and t = 100s this is one question___20__________

5. Refer to Figure below to find the distance the moving object travels between

a. t = 0s and t = 5s same thing here 30

b. t = 5s and t = 10s

c. t = 10s and t = 15s

d. t = 0s and t = 25s

8. Find the uniform acceleration that causes a car’s velocity to change from 32 m/s to
96 m/s in an 8.0-s period. You are just looking for acceleration(use your equations)

9. A supersonic jet flying at 145 m/s is accelerated uniformly at the rate of 23.1 m/s2
for 20.0 s.

a. What is its final velocity?

b. The speed of sound in air is 331 m/s. How many times the speed of sound is the
plane’s final speed? Use your equations!!

10. Determine the displacement of a plane that is uniformly accelerated from 66 m/s
to 88 m/s in 12 s.

11. Highway safety engineers build soft barriers so that cars hitting them will slow
down at a safe rate. A person wearing a seatbelt can withstand an acceleration of -3.0
x 102 m/s2. How thick should barriers be to safely stop a car that hits a barrier at 110
km/hr.

Convert 110 km/hr to miles per hour. (Look up the conversions!)

68.35 m/h -31212

12. Give some examples of falling objects for which air resistance cannot be ignored.

Feathers, parachutes, leaves, and paper.

13. Give some examples of falling objects for which air resistance can be ignored.

Rocks, books, bowling balls, and people.

14. An object shot straight up rises for 7.0 s before it reaches its maximum height. A
second object falling from rest takes 7.0 s to reach the ground. Compare the
displacements of the two objects during this time interval. This means that you figure
out the displacement for both objects.

15. Describe the changes in velocity of a ball thrown straight up into the air. Describe
the changes in the ball’s acceleration.

When you throw a ball up in the air, its direction/velocity on the way up, although it
rises up into the air, is actually downward. Its weight causes it to accelerate downward
and therefore its velocity decreases until it reaches 0 m/s at the top of its motion.
Then, it begins to accelerate due to gravity at -9.8 m/s2.

16. An astronaut drops a feather from 1.2 m above the surface of the moon. If the
acceleration of gravity on the moon is 1.62 m/s2 downward, how long does it take the
feather to hit the moon’s surface?

17. A stone falls from rest freely for 8.0 s.

a. Calculate the stone’s velocity after 8.0 s.

b. What is the stone’s displacement during this time?

18. A bag is dropped from a hovering helicopter. When the bag has fall 2.0 s,

a. What is the bag’s velocity? b. How far has the bag fallen?