RIZALTECHNOLOGICALUNIVERSITY

Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

RESEARCH NO. 04
MODULE NO. 11-12

Site planning is the organization of the external physical environment to accommodate

human behaviour. It deals with the qualities and locations of structures, land, activities
and living things. It creates a pattern of those elements in space and time, which will be
subject to continuous future management and change. The technical output - the grading
plans, utility layouts, survey locations, planting plans, sketches, diagrams, and
specifications - are simply a conventional way of specifying this complex organization.
Social and Psychological Considerations

1. Site Values / Social Impacts

-observation and direct consultation with members of community • become familiar with
the general principles or ―universal
SOCIAL ANALYSIS
• questionnaire or attitude survey
• Direct observation of behaviour in particular use

2. Behaviour Settings
The interaction between human behaviour and the nonhuman environment is a two-
way process.
Behaviour is the result of a complex interaction between two main sets of variables.
Thus in design we are concerned with three categories of human factors: physical,
physiological, and psychological.
Physical Factors
• Analysis of average measurements and postures, movement , and growth results in a
set of dimensions for parts of building and detailed landscape design.
Psychological Factors – The basic human inner condition may be classified into five
generalized groupings of motivational forces and psychological needs:
• social,

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Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

• stabilizing,
• individual,
• self-expression, and
• enrichment.
• social
– social interaction
– for group affiliation
– for companionship
– for love
• stabilizing
– free from fear, anxiety and danger
• individual,
• self-expression,
– need for self-assertion and exhibition,
for dominance and power
• enrichment
– thirst for knowledge
Environment Perception & Behaviour – the interaction of the individual – the way
places assume meaning – Perception is a more complex process than just seeing

3. User Requirements
Anthropometrics – The study of human body measurement for use in anthropological
classification and comparison.
Ambulant disabled people
• The figures of ambulant disabled
people shown are tall men. The spaces
shown for them are for forward
movement, although in practice
ambulant people such as these are as
a rule able with their mobility aids to
turn to the side to negotiate narrow
openings. In the context of universal design they do not therefore have the same

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Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

significance as for example wheelchair users, pushchair users or electric scooter users,
and they are comfortably accommodated by circulation spaces suitable for independent
wheelchair users

Self-propelled wheelchairs

• In Britain it has since the

early 1960s been the rule
that a standard self-
propelling wheelchair has
main wheels at the rear and
castor wheels at the front.
Other standard features of
the kind of wheelchair are
pneumatic tyres,
detachable armrests,
swing-away detachable footrests that are adjustable in height, tipping levers at the rear
and a folding cross-brace. The height of the centre of the seat is typically at about 470
mm above floor level. Wheelchairs of this kind may have domestic armrests, allowing the
user to approach closer to tables, wash basins etc. than where the armrests.

Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

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Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

4. Cultural / Historical Significance

Existing Land Use.
The pattern of existing land use must be designated in relation to the site. Community
Facilities both public and semi-public, residential, commercial, industrial, and
recreational are inventoried to denote overall trends in development that may have
bearing on uses of land adjacent to and including the site under study. Along with the
study of existing land use, the site planner should meet with the adjacent property
owners to find out, if possible, what future development of their sites may be under
consideration and whether this development will be against with uses planned on the
new site.
EXISTING LAND USE: Land Use Plans are available in each city and municipality to
determine the areas for commercial, institutional, industrial, residential, and open space
uses. These were planned according to the most rational use of land in relation to the
natural and socio-economic factors, and in accordance with compatibility with adjacent
land uses.
SITE PLANNING REVIEW Each site must conform to the land use plan: a residential
subdivision, for example, cannot be developed in a site designated as Industrial.
History.
A campus plan or other large project may have a meaningful background that influences
future expansion. It is then pertinent to ask, “Will historic factors be of consequence to
the project?” The history of these projects should be investigated and shown graphically
so that the relevant influences may be considered in the design phase. The investigation
may show, for example, that specific buildings should be preserved within the
redevelopment of a campus, as should also be reviewed to see if artifacts are present
and need to be preserved.
Socio-economic Factors.
Social Factors have a broad range of effects on community facilities and services.
Sometimes new facilities displace homes, businesses, or other community activities. For
example, a new highway must cut through an area severing its cohesion by creating visual
or physical barriers and affecting business and property values.

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Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

Demographic Factors.
Population is the base of many land use planning decisions. Population trends in a local
market area can identify potential user or consumer. These characteristics include
population change by births, deaths, age, sex, family size, occupation, income levels,
housing accommodations, tax rates, and assessments.
POINTS TO CONSIDER IN SITE PLANNING WITH REGARDS TO CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL
SIGNIFICANCE
1.Looking to the past for a future.
2.Integrating heritage into the urban environment goes beyond the making of museums
and monuments to the sensitive application of adaptive reuse in historic districts and
organizing events such as cultural festivals that promote a city’s heritage and bring together
local communities and visitors.
3.Preserving cultural sites and historical buildings and neighborhoods helps to maintain a
city’s distinctive character and engender a sense of belonging.”

5. Activity / Communication Linkages

DENSITY AND ZONING: Density refers to the population per unit land area. This data will
determine whether existing utilities and land areas will be sufficient to sustain additional
future development, which will naturally add to the existing population and bear on the
capacity of these utilities.
SITE PLANNING REVIEW Density is expressed in number of families or dwelling units per
hectare. It may also be expressed in Floor Area Ratio (FAR). Density influences the
privacy, social contact among people, and freedom of movement of an individual or a
group of people. Zoning regulations, laws and codes are present in every city and
municipality to regulate the type of development. It divides the city or municipality into
land use areas that are designated by building height, building coverage, density of
population, and open space.
UTILITIES / SERVICES: It is important to determine the existing availability of utilities on
site in terms of adequacy and efficiency.
This includes:

SITE PLANNING REVIEW

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Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

• Sanitary/sewage system
• Electric power supply
• Water supply
• Drainage Most water systems will supply domestic, industrial, and fire stand-by supply
from a distribution system. Storm drains collect surface water and conduct it to rivers,
creeks, or other bodies of water.
TRAFFIC AND TRANSIT SYSTEMS: The relationship of traffic pattern to each other and to
the site must be studied for adequacy of access and efficiency of circulation within and
outside of the site.
SITE PLANNING REVIEW Efficient traffic and transportation systems will result in
successful integration of the different developments in the vicinity. Direction of
dominant traffic flow, both vehicular and pedestrian will also help establish points of
highest visual impact for the site. Access must also consider pedestrian movement.

6. Pertinent Laws
A large number of laws apply to the design and construction of
buildings. These laws govern:
• life safety (national model building codes as well as local variations)
• fire protection
• accessibility (ADA as well as local requirements)
• zoning
• occupant safety (e.g., OSHA)
• sustainable design
• wetlands preservation
• public health
• historic preservation and
• employment (federal, state, and local).
Here are some laws that ensure rational land use and sustainable urban and regional
development.
• Executive Order No. 72 – providing for the preparation and implementation of
the Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) of Local Government Units pursuant
to the Local Government Code of 1991 and other pertinent laws.
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Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

• Memorandum Circular No. 54 – prescribing the guidelines of Sec. 20, R.A. 7160,
authorizing cities/municipalities to reclassify lands into non- agricultural uses.
• Executive Order No. 124 – establishing priorities and procedures in evaluating
areas for land conversion in regional agricultural/industrial centres, tourism
development areas and sites for socialized housing.

7. Local Government Ordinances

Below is the Mandaluyong Land Use Regulatory and Zoning Measures
Land Use Regulatory Measures
To effectively implement the Land Use Plan, the City of Mandaluyong has formulated its
own set of regulations embodied in Zoning Ordinance 238, Series of 2000. This came
about with the realization that MMC Ordinance 81-01 which is currently in effect in Metro
Manila is no longer attuned to the prevailing development practices in highly urbanized
areas, what with the worsening problems as a result of intensive land activities putting
immense pressure on infrastructure, utilities and the environment.

In effect, City Zoning Ordinance 238, S-2000 integrates, together with new
provisions, certain provision of MMC Ordinance 81-01, City Ordinances 128, S-1993 and
164, S-1997. Major changes introduced by this Ordinance are as follows:

Inclusion of a new residential classification, R-4 exclusively for Socialized Housing

Projects;

Specification of the ten-meter easement along Pasig and San Juan Rivers and three-
meter easement along creeks as areas reserved for linear parks and beautification
projects.

Rezoning of the following areas:

a. The area bounded by EDSA, Shaw Blvd., the Mandaluyong-Pasig boundary,

and the Pasig River from I-2 Medium Intensity Industrial Zone to Central
Business District;
b. The area at the corner West of EDSA and north of Shaw Boulevard from C-
3 (Metropolitan in scale) to C2 (Quasi-trade activities) Commercial Zone
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Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

c. The C2 Block deep along EDSA from Shaw Boulevard to Ortigas Avenue is
subdivided into two lot deep zones: the lot deep along EDSA is maintained
as C2 Zone while the lot deep along Harvard St. is reclassified as R1 Zone;
d. The area behind the Palladium Summit Building was reclassified from C3
High Intensity
Commercial Zone to R1 Low Density Residential Zone;
e. Areas in Brgys. Vergara, Old Zaniga and Namayan previously classified as
I1 (Industrial) Zone and presently occupied by residential subdivisions are
reclassified into R2 Medium Density Residential Zone.

Height Restriction

a. R2 Zone is sub-classified into R2 Four Storeys only and R2 Four to Seven

Storeys;
A special classification of R2 Four Storeys only shall cover the portion of
Brgy. Addition Hills north of Shaw Boulevard limiting heights of residential
buildings up to four storeys only while the rest of the city under R2
Classification has the option to expand up to seven storeys;
b. R4 Zones are for medium-rise (walk-up) socialized housing.

Parking Regulations

Parking requirements are higher than the minimum prescribed under PD1097
(National Building Code)

Road Setback Requirements

Specific road setback or easements are required for each type of road and zone
classifications.

Emphasis on the submission of Environmental Compliance Certificates prior to

issuance of Locational Clearances for Environmentally Critical Projects and Projects
located in Environmentally Critical Areas.

Mandatory requirement of Locational Clearance prior to issuance of all building

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Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

permits and business licenses applied for in the City of Mandaluyong.

Creation of the Office of the Zoning Administrator

The ordinance also provides for the creation of the Office of the Zoning
Administrator with appropriate duties and responsibilities and staff holding plantilla
items subject to the 1997 Revised Qualification Standards of the Civil Service Commission.

This is confirmed by Ordinance No. 273, S-2003 which officially adopted the OZA as
a division of the City Planning and Development Office with functions specifically “to
implement ZO 238, s-2000 and act on all zoning applications and correspondingly issue
Locational Clearance, Zoning Certificate and Certificate of Non-conformance.”

8. Land Use and Zoning

Land Use Plans are available in each city and municipality to determine the areas for
commercial, institutional, industrial, residential, and open space uses. These were
planned according to the most rational use of land in relation to the natural and socio-
economic factors, and in accordance with compatibility with adjacent land uses. SITE
PLANNING REVIEW Each site must conform to the land use plan: a residential subdivision,
for example, cannot be developed in a site designated as Industrial.
Zoning regulations, laws and codes are present in every city and municipality to regulate
the type of development. It divides the city or municipality into land use areas that are
designated by building height, building coverage, density of population, and open space.
Why is zoning necessary? The purpose of zoning is to allow local and national
authorities to regulate and control land and property markets to ensure complementary
uses. Zoning can also provide the opportunity to stimulate or slow down development in
specific areas.

REFERENCES:

Zoning and Land Use Planning | Urban Regeneration. (n.d.). Https://Urban-

Regeneration.Worldbank.Org/Node/39. Retrieved April 21, 2021, from

https://urban-regeneration.worldbank.org/node/39

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Cities of Mandaluyong and Pasig

https://www.coursehero.com/u/file/59623779/AR171-1P-REPORTING-
PALISOCpptx/?justUnlocked=1#question Retrieved April 21, 2021

A Guide to Site and Environmental Planning / Harvey M. Rubenstein. (n.d.).

Http://Zonebook.Me/Go/Read.Php?Id=B006U1KSG4. Retrieved April 21, 2021,

from http://zonebook.me/go/read.php?id=B006U1KSG4

Mandaluyong Land Regulatory Measures. (n.d.).

Https://Mandaluyong.Gov.Ph/Profile/Land_use.Aspx?Node=3. Retrieved April

22, 2021, from https://mandaluyong.gov.ph/profile/land_use.aspx?node=3

Gaiman, N. (n.d.). 1a INTRO TO SITE PLANNING AND LA.pdf. Scribd. Retrieved April

21, 2021, from https://www.scribd.com/doc/290635010/1a-INTRO-TO-SITE-

PLANNING-AND-LA-pdf

Morris, J. (2011, September 11). The Importance of Psychological and Social Factors in

Influencing the Uptake and Maintenance of Physical Activity after Stroke: A

Structured Review of the Empirical Literature. Hinndawi.

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/srt/2012/195249/

Land Use and Landscape Planning by Derek Lovejoy. (n.d.). Pdfdrive. Retrieved 23

C.E., from

https://www.pdfdrive.com/search?q=Land+Use+and+Landscape+Planning+by+

Derek+Lovejoy&pagecount=&pubyear=&searchin=&em=&more=true

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