Architecture Department, School of Architecture, Fine Arts and Design

University of San Carlos

Cebu City

A PROPOSED SUPERMARKET
IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF
THE COURSE AR 3100 - ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 5

Georgia Meca T. Misa

Student

Mr. Rowell Shih

Instructor

SY: 2022 1st Semester

Design Research 1
 Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………3
1.1 Introduction…….…………………………………………………………………………………………3
1.2 Rationale………………………………………………………………………………………………..…3
1.3 Statement of the Problem..……………………………………………………………………….4
1.4 Objectives………..………………………………………………………………………………………6
1.5 Scope and Limitations………………………………………………………………………………6
1.6 De inition of Terms……………………………………………………………………………………6

Chapter 2: Review of Related Literature…………………………………………………7

2.1 Building Laws……………………………………………………………………………………………7
- 2.1.1 National Building Code……………………………………………………………7
- 2.1.2 National Plumbing Code…………………………………………………………9
- 2.1.3 Fire Code of the Philippines……………………………………………………10
- 2.1.4 Structural Code of the Philippines………………………………………….12
2.2 Conceptual Framework……………………………………………………………………………14
Interior Layout of the Supermarket………………………………………………………….14
- 2.2.1 Shelf Space Allocation……………………………………………………………14
-2.2.2 General Space Allocation……………………………………………………….15
2.3 Case Studies……………………………………………………………………………………………15
-2.3.1 Local Study……………………………………………………………………………..17
-2.3.2 Foreign Study…………………………………………………………………………17
Chapter 3: Architectural Program…………………………………………………………17

References…………………………………………………………………………………………19

Design Research 2
f
 Chapter 1: Introduction
1.1 Introduction
The wealthy businessman's heirs had made the decision to run a supermarket
in Mandaue City's Cabancalan neighborhood. They own a vacant plot of
property close to the barrio hall that was formerly utilized as a lumberyard. The
siblings are now in charge of running their corporation. According to a
preliminary market research study, the area requires a neighborhood grocery
due to the volume of residents and the amount of people who frequent the
area.

The designer should carefully consider the importance of shape. The structure
must be contemporary and appealing to act as a landmark. The structures
should blend in with the landscape's greenery to symbolize the idea of being
one with nature, as it is the corporation's current focus. There should be a lot
of greenery and gardening in the plan. Due to the frequent natural disasters, it
is essential that the supermarket's design be strong enough to withstand little
to no damage, if any, from strong typhoons or earthquakes. After a disaster, it
should still be in operation and serving the community.

1.2 Rationale
The City of Mandaue is a 1st class highly urbanized city in the Central Visayas
region of the Philippines. According to the 2020 census, it has a population of
364,116 people with Barangay Cabancalan made up 3.9% of that population or
14,132 people in the area. Many of the areas of the city are extremely lat.
About 77.37% is within the 0-8% slope category.

Given the high population density in the neighborhood, the shopping

Design Research 3
f
 environment is an important consideration in this project because consumers
generally place a great value on their shopping experience. The supermarket
patron of today is an informed buyer. Like their parents and grandparents,
today's consumers are looking for the best deals, but they are also acutely
aware of their surroundings when shopping. Customers may decide to shop at
the store o ering the most enjoyable shopping experience if two rival retailers
o er comparable pricing and value. They are also frequent online buyers who
anticipate that the physical stores would support and mirror their social media
and online presence.

1.3 Statement of the Problem

The major factor in this project is the shopping experience of the consumers,
in which they highly value. The design of the building must cater to the
mission, vision and values of the business. Thus, it is necessary to research and
evaluate a variety of issues, including the technical, marketing, social, and
psychological components. They are all important variables that a ect and
potentially enhance the project program.

For the site analysis it typically involves in the study of the natural elements
that are found on the site, this may include:
- the sun path and
- wind path in the area,
- as well as any common weather conditions that are observed over
the course of time,
- and the characteristics of the land on whether it can in luence the
construction method later on in the building phase of the structure.
When it comes to the site suitability study, this is the point at which designer

Design Research 4
ff
ff
f
ff
 begin digging deep into the physical and some socioeconomic characteristics
of the site that de ine its value and manage them within their respective
categories. These factors constitute of:
I. Natural Resources
- Regulation functions (e.g., air and water puri ication, biodiversity)
- Productions functions (e.g., food and iber)
- Carrier functions (e.g., space)
- Information functions (e.g., spiritual and aesthetic value)
II. Cultural Resources
- Archaeological sites
- Historic buildings, districts, landmarks, and structures
- Community history and architectural heritage
- Vernacular landscapes
- Traditional neighborhoods
III. Built Environment
Infrastructures (e.g., utilities, transportation) Land use and land cover
Property value
Hazards/nuisances
Services (e.g., ire, police, medical, education) Land use policy (e.g.,
plans, regulations, incentives) Visibility and visual quality

To produce the optimum architectural concept that is best suited for the
construction, all these resource features are carefully examined and taken into
account. All of this points to the fundamental implication that site suitability
promotes sustainable development.

Design Research 5
f
f
f
f
 1.4 Objectives
The primary goal of this research is to create a positive environment that is
sustainable and aligns with the supermarket's vision, mission, and core values.
The secondary goals are as follows:
1.) To build a practical design with the interior spaces laid out as
e ectively as possible in order to boost pro itability, provide contemporary
conveniences, and foster a good atmosphere.
2.) Consider the style preferences of potential customers when
choosing the appropriate architectural design.

1.5 Scope and Limitations

The delimitation of this study is on determining the best layout for a company
and how it will a ect customers. This ought to support the company's
"customer-oriented" vision and "healthy choice" mission. This restricts the
resources to natural materials and perhaps an organic structure.

1.6 De inition of Terms

Supermarket- a large self-service store selling foods and household goods.
Resource Management- the identi ication of various attributes found with
regards to the site’s context.
Natural Resources – refers to the natural attributes that are found within the
vicinity of the site.
Cultural Resources – socioeconomic factors that a ect the value of the site.
Built Environment – refers to physical and built attributes found on the
urban sprawl within the vicinity of the site
Public Utility Vehicles – service vehicles used for public transportation.

Design Research 6
ff
f
ff
f
f
ff
 CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
2.1 Building Laws
2.1.1 National Building Code
2.1.2 Occupancy Classi ied
GROUP E “ BUSINESS AND MERCANTILE (COMMERCIAL) Division E-I
(business and mercantile where no work is done except change of
parts and maintenance requiring no open lames, welding or use of
highly lammable liquids).

Division E-2 (business and mercantile in nature)

wholesale and retail stores
shopping centers, malls and supermarkets
wet and dry markets
restaurants, drinking and dining establishments with less than one
hundred occupancies
day and night clubs, bars, cocktails
Table VII.1 Schedule of Principal, Accessory and Conditional Use/
Occupancy of Building/Structure

Design Research 7
f
f
f
 2.1.3 Allowable Floor Areas
Table VII.1 Allowable Maximum Total Gross Floor Area (TGFA)
based on the Allowed Percentage of Site Occupancy (PSO) of
the Total Lot Area (TLA)

Design Research 8
 2.1.4 Allowable Floor Area Increases
Table VII.2 Building Height Limit (BHL) by Type of Use of Occupancy

2.1.5 Minimum Required O -Street (O -RROW)

Table VII.4 Minimum Required O -Street (O -RROW) cum On-site
Parking Slot, Parking Area and Loading/Unloading Space
Requirements by Allowed Use of Occupancy

2.2.1 National Plumbing Code

2.2.2 Disposal of Wastewaters
It shall be unlawful for any person to cause, su er or pennit the
disposal of sewage, human excrement or other waste waters in any
place or manner, except through and by means of an approved
Excreta and Storm Drainage Systems installed and maintained in

Design Research 9
ff
ff
ff
ff
ff
 accordance with the provisions of this Code.

2.2.3 Grade of Horizontal Drainage Pipe

Horizontal drainage pipes shall be run in practical alignments and at a
uniform slope between manholes of not less than 20 mm/m or 2%
toward the point of disposal, provided that, where it is impracticable
to obtain a 2% slope due to the following constraints in: ( l) excessive
depth of the proposed drainage line; (2} structural and/or geological
features of the terrain; and (3) existing adverse in arrangements of
building or structure; any pipe or piping l02 nun or larger in
diameter may have a slope of l0 mm/m or 1% provided it is irst
approved by the Administrative Authority.
2.2.4 Connections to Plumbing System Required
All plumbing ixtures, drains, appurtenances and appliances used to
receive or discharge liquid wastes or sewage, shall be connected
properly to the drainage systems of the building and premises, in
accordance with the requirements of this Code.

2.3.1 National Fire Code

2.3.2 General Requirements
A. Every building or structure, new or old, designed for human
occupancy shall be provided with exits su icient to permit the fast
and safe escape of occupants in case of ire or other emergency. The
design of exits and other ire safety construction shall be such that
reliance for safety to life in case of ire or other emergency will not
depend solely on any single ire safety construction. Additional
safeguards shall be provided for life safety in case any single

Design Research 10
f
f
f
f
f
ff
f
 safeguard is ine ective due to some human or mechanical failure.
B. Every building or structure shall be designed, constructed,
equipped, maintained and operated to avoid danger to the lives and
ensure safety of its occupants from ire, smoke, vapor and fumes,
during the period of escape from the building or structure.
C. Every building or structure shall be provided with exits of kind,
number, location and capacity appropriate to the individual building
or structure, with due regard to the character of the occupancy, the
number of persons exposed, the ire protection available and the
height and type of construction of the building or structure, to a ord
all occupants convenient facilities for escape.
D. Every exit of buildings or structures shall be arranged and
maintained to provide free and unobstructed egress from all parts
thereof at all times. No lock or fastening device that would prevent
escape from the inside of any building shall be installed except in
mental, penal, or correctional institutions where personnel are
continually on duty and e ective provisions are made to evacuate
occupants in case of ire or other emergencies.
E. Every exit shall be clearly visible. The route to the exit shall be con-
spaciously marked in such a manner that every occupant of a building
or structure will readily know the direction of escape. Each route of
escape, in its entirety, shall be so arranged or marked that the way to a
place of safety outside is unmistakable. Any doorway not constituting
an exit shall be marked to minimize its possible confusion as an exit.
Likewise, passage constituting a way to reach an exit shall be marked
to minimize confusion.
F. All means of egress shall be provided with adequate and reliable

Design Research 11
ff
f
ff
f
f
ff
 illumination.
G. Fire alarm systems or devices shall be provided in every building or
structure of such size, arrangement, or occupancy, to provide
adequate warning to occupants.
H. Every building or structure, section, or area thereof of such size,
occupancy and arrangement such that the reasonable safety of a
number of occupants may be endangered by the blocking of any
single means of egress due to ire or smoke, shall have at least two
means of egress remote from each other, so arranged as to minimize
any possibility that both may be blocked by any one ire or other
emergency conditions.
I. Every vertical way of exit and other vertical openings between loors
of a building shall be suitably enclosed or protected to a ord
reasonable safety of occupants while using exits and to prevent
spread of ire, smoke, or fumes through vertical openings from loor to
loor before occupants have entered exits.

2.3.3 Classi ication of Occupancy

Mercantile
Mercantile occupancies include: malls; supermarkets; department
stores; shopping centers; lea markets; restaurants of less than 50
persons capacity; public/private dry and wet markets; water re illing
stations; drugstores; hardwares/construction supplies; showrooms;
and auction rooms.

2.4.1 National Structural Code

2.4.2 Earthquake-Resistant Structures

Design Research 12
f
f
f
f
f
f
ff
f
f
f
 Column con inement - The ability of the concrete core of a concrete
reinforced column to sustain compressive strains tends to increase
with con inement pressure. Con inement requirements for columns of
special moment frames, and for columns not designated as part of the
seismic-force-resisting system in structures assigned to seismic zone
4 (similar to ASCE 7-10 Seismic Design Categories D, E, and F), with
high axial load or high concrete compressive strength are signi icantly
di erent.
Transverse reinforcement - One important new requirement for
special moment frame columns are included in Sub-sections 418.7.5.2
and 418.7.5.4. There are new restrictions on the use of headed
reinforcement to make up hoops.
Special moment frame beam-column joints - For beam-column joints
of special moment frames, clari ication of the development length of
the beam longitudinal reinforcement that is hooked, requirements for
joints with headed longitudinal reinforcement, and restrictions on joint
aspect ratio are new. For beam-column joints of special moment
frames, clari ication of development length of beam longitudinal
reinforcement that is hooked, requirements for joints with headed
longitudinal reinforcement, and restrictions on joint aspect ratio are
new.
Special shear walls - In these earthquakes and laboratory tests,
concrete spalling and vertical reinforcement buckling were at times
observed at wall boundaries. For ASTM A615 Grade 420 bars used as
longitudinal reinforcement in special moment frames and special
shear wails, the NSCP 7 lh Edition now requires the same minimum
elongation as ASTM A706 reinforcement.

Design Research 13
ff
f
f
f
f
f
f
 2.2 Conceptual Framework
2.2.1 Interior Layout of the Supermarket
A well-balanced mix of high and low visual e ects will keep the consumer
interested and assist implement management's merchandising philosophy
rather than drowning it out with excessive visual noise, as is the case in most
areas of good design.

Shelf Space Allocation

When designing a supermarket, one of the primary considerations is a
strategic store layout planning, which is one of the numerous
signi icant components of shop layout designs. It is commonly
established that e ective space management, including managing
shelf space allocation and shop layout, can positively a ect consumer
behavior and increase customer satisfaction. It is crucial that the store
layout adds to a welcoming environment for shoppers, motivating
them to stay longer, and encouraging a certain amount of impulsive
purchases, or "instinct
purchases," and the most conventional
furnishing layout is
represented by a grid model.
Advantages:
- E cient Sales process and
management
- Fast Shopping experience
- Optimize Space
- Simpli cation of logistic
aspects
- Positive store ow and
tra c

Design Research 14
ffi
ffi
fi
fl
f
ff
ff
ff
 General Space Allocation
With the rapid rise of the e-commerce industry in recent years, many people feel
the convenience of shopping online beats going to the mall. In 2020 alone,
over 80% of global customers shopped online, showing how recent years
have changed consumer shopping habits.The trouble isn’t just competing with
online stores but how to design a mall for longevity and to keep customers
interested over time.

The designer must consider an e cient layout to make it easy for customers to
walk around di erent levels and shops throughout the area. The layout
considerations are:
-Building orientation
- Circulation
- Parking
- water supply and drainage
- Landscaping

The layout that proves to be

e cient in distributing ow
throughout the area (more or
less 20 locations), under
assumed special area and
attraction points can be
illustrated in gure 1. Linear Organization.

Active Lifestyle Zones

Providing amenities and attractions that appeal to di erent ages and audiences
will help the supermarket’s longevity. Making the supermarket a family-friendly
space is a great way to encourage more visitors and attract loyal customers.
Some options for the design process are:
-Indoor Playground
-aquariums
-Outdoor Plaza (Zumba, competitions)
-Indoor Greenery

2.3 Case Study

2.3.1 Robinsons Mall of Jaro, Iloilo, Philippines (Local Study)
Function and Culture
ASYA Design created a mall that o ers al-fresco experience through its multi-
level dining establishments that seamlessly connect the interior with the exterior.

Architectural rm W.V. Coscolluela and Associates designed the mall to have a

large glass window at one side, giving mall-goers a panoramic view of the
surrounding area and the street below.

Sustainability
This environment-friendly mall will have its own sewage treatment plant that can
convert domestic water (from the toilets) to non-potable water for cleaning,
ushing, gardening and operating the mall’s cooling towers. A rainwater

Design Research 15
fl
ffi
fi
fi
ff
fl
ffi
ff
ff
 collection system will also be fabricated that can divert and convert storm water
to a non-potable water tank.

2.3.2 De Candido Express Supermarket by NMD | NOMADAS of Maracaibo,

Venezuela (Foreign Study)
Concept
The attributes of the brand De Candido such as simplicity, rm softness,
versatility to changing contexts, and continuity shaped the building. In turn, the
building should be able to be replicated, but adapted to di erent environments
and urban situations.

On 73rd Street, pedestrian access points to the building are located through
friendly landscaping in o set bands of plant species with di erent colors and
textures, which accompany pedestrians, keeping the continuity of the stripes of
pavement parallel to this street, rea rming the possibility of access to the
"express" in both directions within the building.

Design Research 16
ff
ffi
ff
fi
ff
 Located in an anisotropic environment, the building chooses to open towards
the main avenue, Bella Vista, to make public its interior. The building displays its
contents to satisfy the curiosity of our way of being, seeking a meeting point
with the city of Maracaibo, designing its immediate urban environment, with the
experience of shopping as pleasure.

Chapter 3: Architectural Program

3.1 SWOT Analysis

3.2 Program of Spaces

Design Research 17
 3.3 Bubble diagram and Program Information Matrix
3.3.1 Bubble Diagram

3.3.2 Information Matrix

Design Research 18
References

https://progressivegrocer.com/strategic-supermarket-design-breathes-new-life-stores

https://www.archdaily.com/505171/de-candido-express-supermarket-nmd-l-nomadas?
ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/
274008481_Shopping_center_design_using_a_facility_layout_assignment_approach

https://biblus.accasoftware.com/en/how-to-design-a-supermarket-the-complete-technical-
guide/

https://www.softplay.com/blog/guide-to-designing-a-mall/

Design Research 19