DIEN DAN KHOA HOC CONG NGHE

CACH UfNG XU MONG BE - CQC

Dl/dl TAI TRONG D U N G & LUC NGANG
P G S . T S . N G U Y I N BAO HUAN - CDC (bien djch)

T()M TAT: Bdi bdo de cap mot phuong phdp moi ve phon tich mong be- coc tiep xuc tren mat dot nen. Mat cat dia chat con
trinh gom nhieu lop vdi dge trung moi Idp cd the khdc nhau vd phu thuoc vdo mt/c dp chinh xdc yeu cau cuo Tu van thiet ke. M
Be duoc mo hinh nhu mot bdn phdng vd cdc phan tu Cpc nhu nhung dam tren nen ddn hoi. Ap dung ly thuyet Idp huu hqn de
tich dia tang nhieu Idp trong khi ly thuyet phan tu huu hgn lau nay dd tung su dung de phdn tich be - cpc cd the chju tdi trpng v
moment theo mpi hudng. Bdi todn so sdnh phuong phdp hien toi vdi Idi gidi theo phuong phdp phdn tich phan tu huu hgn cho t
ket qud hodn todn dong thuqn. Trong bdi cung cap nhgt mot tham so be - cpc cd the chiu tdi trong dung hogc luc ngang.

I. MO DAU
Cach iimg xd nhom ege dudi tai trgng ddng va luc
ngang da duge nhieu tac gia dja ky thuat nen mong
e6ng trinh lau nay da va dang quan tam nghien eiru.
Gin day R. Butterfield & RK.Banerjee{1], E.H. Davis
& H.G. Poulos{3], va F. Kwabara{5] da phat trien
phuang phap phan tich mdng be ege eo the chju tai
trgng dUng, be dugc gia thiet nhu mot ban phlng
mem chju dugc u6n hoac be nhu mot tam edng tuyet
d6i. Mdi day nhat, W. Shen & tap the {8] da md rgng
phuang phap bien phan gan dung da nghien cdu
nhom ege dugi be edng vd cung. Tuy nhien nhtmg giai
phap nay kh6ng the dii pho vdi bai to^n nhom ege
ma dau ege lien kit vao be mem co do edng bit ky
uln dugc.
Phuang phap S. J. Hain & I.K.Lee {4] da phat trien
nghien cUu tac dgng tuang ho eiia 3 thanh phln: ege,
be va dlt, nhung bo qua tai ngang tren mat dlt nin
hoac tai trpng ngang do ege gin k l ben canh tac
dung vao dau ege gay ra chuyen vj ngang va goe
xoay. R Clancy & M. F. Randolph [2] va H.G.Poulos
[6] phat trien nhtimg phuang phap gin diing de phan
tich mong be ege eo the chju tai trgng ddng hoac
m6ment dT nhien han ea tai trgng ngang. L.D.Ta &
J.C. Small [9] dua tren ly thuylt phan tich Idp htiru han,
phat trien mot phuang phap phan tich be ege (vdi be
tiip xuc vdi nin hoac be each li khdi mat nin).
Phuang phap nay tuang tu ciia Hain va Lee chi ap
dung eho be chju tai trgng ddng. H.H. Zhang & J.C.
Small [11] sau nay da phat trien phuang phap phan
tich mdng be ege ed the chju ding thdi tai trgng ddng
va luc ngang va da curu xet dly dii tuang tac gida be
va ege, gida be va dat nen, giua ege va ege, giua ege
va dlt nin, gida dlt nin va dlt nin. Tuy nhien phuang
phap nay chi eo the dii pho eho mong be ege t^ch li
khoi mat nin (Oai eao).
Trong bai nay[11], H.H. Zhang va J.C. Small dang
nghien ciiru md rgng phat trien phuang phap phan tich
be CO the duge tiep xuc vdi mat dat nen (Oai thap). •
Giai phap gan dung da sddung td' hgrp bing phuong
phap Idp huru han tuang dng eho m6 hlnh dlt nin va
bing phuang phap phan td htiru han eho be - coc.
Mdng be - ege co the chiu tai trgng diimg va luc ngang
gilng nhu chju mdment eiia be ege theo 3 phuong
(x,y,z) va goe xoay theo 2 hudng (x,y) va eo the giai
bang APRAF (Analysis of Piles RAft Foundations)
phln mim Phan tich mdng be ege. Giai phap [12]
H.H. Zhang va J.C. Small trinh bay d day vdi cac
thong s i (da thda nhan dii vdi dlt nin va mong be)
anh hudng din each umg xd ciia be ege da dugc kiem
tra va dugc lap trinh, d6ng thdi so sanh vdi phuang
phap phln td htiru han cho thay ket qua ea hai phuong
phap nhu nhau hoan toan .
IL PHl/ONG PHAP PHAN TICH
Nhu trinh bay d Hlnh 1, bai toan mdng be - cpc co
the giai quyet theo gia thuylt la luc gida ege va dlt
nen nhieu Idp co the xd ly nhu mot chu6i tai trong
vdng chu vi than ege tac dung den "cac nut" chay doc
theo than ege. Od la tai dimg va luc ngang, niu dii ca
hai thanh phln nay tac dgng lien tue hoan toan gin
dung dge theo than ege thi se gay ra dng suit tiip xuc
gida be va dlt nin cd the huge phai xem xet nhu iimg
suit mdng kh6i chd nhat ma thuc te iimg suat gan
dung phan b l diu. iimg suat tiep xuc nay ed the dugc
xem xet td luc nen thing ddng phan b l diu hoac dng
suit elt ciia mdng khdi phan b l diu.
Nhu vay td ly thuylt Idp htiru han [7] co the d l dang
tinh todn chuyen vj eiia dlt nhiiu Idp nhu giai phap
dii vdi dlt mot Idp chju tai trgng vdng chu vi than coc
tai mat gida Idp dlt. Ly thuylt tuang tu ed the duge sir
dung de xac dinh do vong lun ciia dlt nin gay ra do
tai trgng ddng va lire ngang phii kin toan viing chd
nhat tren mat dlt nin.
Trudc tien, xem xet phan luc ciia ege (khong e6 be)

NGUdl XAY DUNG SO THANG 8 - 2 0 1 0


va dat n i n dugc tinh toan bang tai trgng b l mat dan
vj tac dung d i n viing chu nhat tren mat n i n hoac tai
trpng vdng dge theo than ege tac dung vao d l t n i n
hoac tai trgng d i u tai day mui ege trdn tac dung vao
dlt n i n . Oe tinh toan do vong liin co the thudng sd
dung td dang ma tran anh hudng d i i vdi d l t n i n .
Nhiing cot ciia ma tran anh hudng thudng la do vdng
lun tai tam diem eiia dien tich c h i t tai khac hoac tai
toa dp ciia tai trgng vdng do tcie dung mot trong
nhumg tai trgng dan vj.
r / (Mgoai krc)
M
i
^. _ H I
p,
Luc ba mat chmig giOa be \a coc l-ui- be mai chung gifta be va dat lien
Li/c be mat ctiung tren ban mong be tniyen qua be mat iat n'en va tniyen vh dau coc
•if/>;vxvvft'>yg?r\fm,}7iti/£'S^i
(Bat nen
(Coc)
HinhV. Ngoai lUc tic ddng len Be va nhdm coc va ap lUc tren mat
nen theo moi hUdng (hinh tren khdng bleu thi phUdng y)
Vay chuyen vj tai diem / do chit tai trgng dan vj
tai diem / eo the vilt nhu bieu thdc (1)
n
K^zl^if^J
;=i
Trong dd: m la tong tai trgng dan vj b i n g 3 l l n s i
lugng tai trgng vong hoac luc nen b l mat mong khIi
bdi vi tai m i l vj tri luc eo 3 phuang x,y, z;
Sji la nhiimg chuyen vj d diem / tai vj tri tai trgng
don vj;
/ij la nhung he s i anh hudng d i i vdi chuyen vj tai
diem / do tai trgng tai diem /
va Pj la nhtrng tai trgng tai diem / T i t ca cac
chuyen vj co the v i l t dudi dang ma tran cho nhu
sau:
6s = Is Ps bieu thUc (2)
Vay CO the nhan dugc ma tran do cu-ng (Ks), td
phep nghjeh dao Ma tran anh hudng (Is) d i i vdi miln
dlt n i n lien tue dudi day vi du:
Ks5s = Ps bieu thdc (3)
trong dd K, = [ / J " ' ^. ,,,,,, ,
Bieu thdc do edng ddi vdi ege ed the vilt nhu sau
CACH ITNG xOf MONG BE - COC...
Kp 5s = Pp + Q bieu thuc (4)
trong dd Kp la ma tran do eiimg d i i vdi toan bg ege
trong nhom ege, *p la cac chuyen vj tai cae nut cua
ege trong nhdm, Pp la vee ta tai trgng doi vdi nhdng
ege chju tai trgng ma sat thanh, va Q la vee ta tai trpng
tac dung tai eac mui ege. Co 3 phan td nut u6n tuyln
tinh dugc diing de m6 hlnh ege ciia tai lieu duge trinh
bay trong bai v i l t nay.
Ma tran do edng eua dat nen va ma tran do cimg
eiia ege bay gid co the duge egng them , nhung vl cae
ege eo 5 bae tu do tai m i l diem (chuyen vj 3 hugng va
gdc xoay 2 hudng),sau day ma tran do eiimg Ks ciia
d l t nen khac nhau v l s6 lugng bae tu do c I n phai
duge egng them ma tran do edng Kp eiia ege [Ks +
Kp ]. Thue t l da sd dung gia thuylt chuyen vj d than
ege va d mui ege b i n g chuyen vj eiia d l t n i n ; nhtrng
luc bang nhau va nguge ehilu nhau vi du, *p =*s va
Pp = -Ps. Bieu thdc do cirng cudi cung d6i vdi egc-dit
m i l n lien tue eo the v i l t nhu dudi day:
[Ks-hKpJSs =R bieu thdc (5)
trong do R \k vecta tai trgng bao g i m tai trgng tai
cae d i u ege Q hoac tai trgng S nao do khong dge theo
than ege nhu la tai trgng b l mat.
tr Do dd do vdng cua dat nen hoac eiia cae ege eo
the nhan duge d6i vdi tai trgng tac dung len dau ege
^ Tai trong vong
' - * • xuyen lac (long td phucmg trinh tren. Phuang phap nay kh6ng anh
len chu vi
—»• thanh coc hudng d i n tinh toan nhu tinh toan tuang tac chi gida
2 ege (do co the ndi la phuang phap tuang tac). Tuy
nhien ed dugc chinh xac han, dac biet d i i vai eac ege
Tai trong phan bo
dou tren dien lich tai khoang each hep bdi vl tat ea cae ege duge eiru
'^'^ (ti'iy coc tron tac
don^ len mui coc xet d6ng thdi. Neu nguyen nhan do vdng eiia ege do
tai trgng khac duge thue hien thudng sd dung he s i
tuang tac (vi du chi 2ege) nhu vay bo qua anh hudng
do eiimg ciia t i t ca cac ege khac trong nhom ege, va
d i i u nay dan den sai l l m .
Bdi vi do vdng eiia ege co the duge tinh toan khi
mot ege chju tai tai dau ege, hoac khi chit tai len mat
bieu thdc (1) d l t , d i i u nay cd the duge sd dung de xac dinh each
umg xdciia be. Mong kh6i chd nhat ed ap luc nen deu
bieu thj ap luc nen tiep xuc dugc gia thiet tuang dng
vdi mdi phan td htiru han chd nhat d trong be. Neu
dudi be kh6ng ed ege hien dien thi ap luc nen tac
dung den be mat dat nen (hoac nam ngang hay thing
ddng) va duge tac dung d i n d i u ege n i u ed mat cac
ege n I m dudi mot p h l n td be. O l i vdi ege, m6ment
cung e I n phai tac dung vao d i u ege.
Bang each tac dung luc nen dan vj len dat n i n
hoac luc nen dan vj va m6ment len d i u ege co the
nhan dugc mot ma tran anh hudng d i i vdi d l t nen -
ege. Ma tran anh hudng gdm eo nhiimg cot ma nd
chUa dung do vong tai tam eiia m l i p h l n td trong be
do cd luc nen dan vj hoac m6ment dugc tac dung vao
mat d l t n i n hoac len d i u ege.
Bang each tac dung cung mot tai trgng don vj len
mong be, co the nhan duge ma tran anh hudng d6i vdi
.
be. Oe tac dgng tai trgng len mdng be, b i n g mgi each
can thiit phai ngan can c h i n g lai "pinning"chge thiing
N G U d l XAY DUNG SO THANG 8 - 2 0 1 0
 CACH UTNG XUf MONG BE - COG...

mot nut xoay va su truyen tai. Bang each xem xet su

can b i n g nhCmg luc tac dung va moment tac dgng len B,
J
ege va mong be va su thich hgp eiia chuyen vj eua d l t
nen va ciia be (va ciia chuyen vj va gdc xoay eiia dau
ege va be) de dat duge giai phap chit tai trgng tong
quat CO the tap hgp dii eac phuang trinh dudi day:
(D
!
Q
{
o
([lr]+[lsp]){Psp}-{a}D,-{b}D,-{c}D,-{d}e,-{e}e,-{f}e,= {8^} (6) Lr
{a'}{Psp} = Px (7)
{b'}{Psp} = Py (8) .A (2) ^ZZng^rrr : : ^ : : B
{C'}{Psp} = Pz (9)
{d'}{Psp} = M, (10) D- S
,1
^6
{e'}{P3p} = M, (11)
{f'}{Psp} = M,
[Ir] = ma tran anh hudng ehge thiing be
(12) y
[lsp]= ma tran anh hudng eiia ege lam tang d l t n i n
r*"*i Overhang
lien tue
{Psp}= vecta tai trgng tren mat chung gida be -
ege - dat nen bi tr6i len
6r 0 = chuyen vj ciia p h l n td be do tac dung tai ^liiiuamm-mm-jwr 'mitwi.
trgng ehge thiing tai tam be • 2
Px, Py Pz la tong ngoai luc vao be tac dung tuang Soil
dng theo hudng x, y va z
Mx, My Mz la tong m6ment ngoai luc len be tac
dung tuang dng theo hudng x, y va z Pile
{a} d i n {f} va {a'} d i n {f} la nhiimg vecta dge true
D X, Dy Dz, ex, 9y va 9z la nhtimg chuyen djch vat
the edng va gdc xoay quanh diem ehge thiing be
Co the thda nhan rang ehua bilt chuyen djch va H
goe xoay ciia nut ehge thiing be cung nhu Idi giai D'
phuang trinh (6) d i u ehua b i l t .
Hinti 2: Sd do be nam tren 9 coc xuyen trong dit (D la dddng
III. SO SANH V 6 l PHl/ONG PHAP PHAN TU" dUdng ciia coc dUdc sif dung trong phUdng phap hien
Hi/U Hi?lN
Oe xac djnh muc do chinh xac eiia phuang phap khoang each ege. Tat ea cac dae trung be cgc dugc
Idp huru han da m6 ta d tren, hay sd dung phuang liet ke trong Bang 1.
phap hien nay de phan tich mot mong be tua tren 9
Bang 1: Oae trung cua be ege (nhdm ege 3 x 3 )
ege vdi ti le khoang each hai ege da dugc phan tich
theo phuang phap p h l n td htiru han (3 - ehilu). Cgc
Tham s6 (Sic triTng Gii trj
tilt dien vudng duge m6 hinh trong phuang phap
p h l n td htiru han va ege tron da gia thiit trong phuang Ctii^u d^i canti cgc t i ^ dign vuOng 0,5m (cpc tiit dign vu&ng)
phap hien tai. Dien ti'ch eiia ege tilt dien vudng va ege Bi/flng kinh tiSt dien cpc trbn tiidng 0,564m (cpc tigtdign
tron duge gia thiit b i n g nhau va d i i u nay tao eho dodng trtin)
chung can bang vdi tai trgng thing ddng nhung vl Chieu dai coc 10m
m6ment dien tich ege thd hai Idn horn ege vudng, do Chigu sSu dlt n^n 15m
cimg u l n cao han 4,7%. Cgc dugng kinh D quan he Canh dai be Lr tiang ifng khoang
S/D=3; 4,5 S/D= 5; 6,5
d i n viec so sanh sau day la ehilu dai canh bien eua cdch coc S/D
tilt dien dai be cgc d do dudng kinh tuang duong dugc Chiiu rSng bg Br tUdng lirng khoing
dung trong p h l n m I m phan tich be cgc (APRAF). Le S/D=3; 4,5 S/D= 5; 6,5
cdchcpc S/D
ra phai ghi nhan ring tl s i khoang each cgc trong so Khoing cdch mgp cpc biSn tf^n
sanh sau day dugc djnh nghla nhu tl s6 gida khoang 0,5m
chu vi bg:
each tam d i n tam hai cgc tren canh dai D cua cgc tilt Chieu day bg 0,25m
dien yu6ng. Be ege nhu chi d Hlnh 2 da xay dung tren
Modun dit nin 10 MPa
dja t i n g nhiiu Idp sau 15m. TI s i do manh cgc duge
Hgs6Poissoncuadltnin 0,3
chgn b i n g L/ D = 20 va ti s i khoang each cgc thudng
Mddun bg 30,000 MPa
l l y b i n g S/D=3 hoac 5 duge sd dung. Ca hai tl s6 do
Hgs6PoissonciJabg 0,3
edng cgc - d l t n i n (Ep / Es) va tl s i do edng be - d l t
n i n (E r / Es) dugc gia thiit l l y bang 3000. Do dd
Trong mot vi du sau day se phai duge kiem tra tai
ehilu rong va ehilu dai eiia be thay doi theo ti s i
trgng thing ddng phan b l d i u la 100 kPa hoac bing

N G U d l XAY DUNG SO THANG 8 - 2 0 1 0


Hinh 3: Ltfdiphhn tiUhOfu han dung cho nhom coc 3x3 chiu
tai theo ht/dng x
18 dan vj tai trgng ngang tap trung tuang dng (tac
dung len diu cgc nhu chi d Hinh 2). Trong phan tich
kh6ng co luc trugt nao duge phep xult hien dge b l
mat tiip giap than ege va dat nin, va kh6ng ed su
each li - tr6i day be khoi mat dat nao dugc phep xult
hien. Net dac biet nay co the duge md hinh bing
phuang phap hien nay, luc duge gidi han theo ehilu
rgng be, nhung dieu nay kh6ng xet tdi trong bai nay.
Phan mIm phan tich be cgc APRAF, than cgc
dugc chia thanh 11 goi tua (phln td) dge theo ehilu
dai cgc va be duge chia lam 81 phln tdvuong dge lap
dii vdi S/D = 3 va 169 phln td vudng dge lap dii vdi
khoang each S/D = 5. Cgc trdn dudng kinh tuong
duang Dr (dua tren tilt dien elt ngang) dugc sd dung
trong phln mIm Phan tich be cgc APRAF.
o l i vdi phan tich phln td htiru han chgn mot phln
tu dien tich be ege tao thanh mang ludi tren toan bg
dien tich hlnh hgc ddi xiimg eiia be cgc. Khi be cgc
chju tai trgng thing ddng ludi theo hudng x va y tdtam
ciia be ege md rgng din 32m va theo hudng z md
rong 15m. Mudi hai nut phln tdtham s i each ly ding
nhat "solid" dugc sd dung vao mo hlnh dlt nin va cgc,
trong khi do sd dung 8 nut phln td shell eho be.Tong
epng ed 2535 phln td. Khi be cgc cd the chju tai trgng
ngang , ludi md rgng din 41m theo hudng x (hudng
tai trpng tac dung) Vci theo hudng y md rgng din 24m
bao gIm eo 2475 phln td. Mang ludi duge sd dung
de phan tich tai trgng ngang dugc ehi trong Hlnh 3, d
day ludi eo the thIy dai han theo hudng chit tai de
giam anh hudng din chu vi.
Kit qua tinh todn theo phuang phdp phln td htiru
han tren may tinh Pentium III mIt khoang 3 gid 50
phut, nguge lai xd ly tren Pentium II theo phuang phap
phan tich tuang duang ehi mIt 1 gid 01 phut.
Trudc hit sd dung phuang phap Idp huru han dii
vdi khoang each ege (S/D= 3 va 5) de phan tich Be-
cpe dii vdi tai trgng thang dimg phan b l diu Vei rii
ciing bai toan sddung phuang phdp phln td htiru han
da duge phan tich lai. Hinh 4 chi ra sa d l ciia luc dge
true tieu chuan (Pi / Ptotal trong do Pi la luc dge true
trong ege va Ptotal la tong tai trgng len be) tai cgc
s i 1 (cgc d goe) va ege s i 5 (ege tai trung tam dai) ed
ehilu dai cgc tuomg phan. Cd the ghi nhan ring cdc
CACH liHG XUf MONG BE - COC...
luc doc true trong cgc d trung tam dai duge tinh toan
theo phucmg phdp hien tai thi hoan toan chip nhan
vdi viec chia ndy theo phuong phdp phln td htiru han
ddi vdi khoang cdeh ege khac nhau. Oli vdi S/D = 3,
cgc d tam be chju t^i nhd hem cgc d gdc be, nhung vdi
S/D = 5 thi cgc d tam va cgc d goe be hlu nhu chju
tai nhu nhau va cd luc dge true phan b l tuang tu dge
chieu dai cgc. Oli vdi ege d tam Idi giai theo phuang
phdp Idp htiru han eho kit qua cao hon la phuang
phdp phln td huu han, nhung trdi lai luc dge true cgc
d gdc eho kit qua tinh theo phuong phdp phln td hdu
han la cao horn. So sdnh ket qua tinh bing hai phuong
phdp giua luc dge true ehi ra ring su khac nhau Idn
nhlt diu nhd han 15%.
Hlnh 5 chi ra moment trong b§ cgc dge mat elt A-
B (nhu ehi d Hlnh 2) dii vdi b6 cgc chju tai trgng ddng
phan b l diu. Mdment trinh bdy d day la m6ment tren
don vj ehilu dai theo hudng x (Mxx).
Cd the nhln thay la cae dudng cong m6ment trong
be da giai theo ca hai phuong phdp la rIt gin xit nhau
Ti soPi/Ptotal Lite doc tnic tieu cliuifn trong cpc
Oi«) 0.04 0-08 O.i: 0.16 0 30
sm=3
Srt) = S
-9—Pile 1. APRAF
o • Pile 1. finite Element
• » - P i l e l . APRAF
•ft - Pile I. Finite element
• - P i l e 5. APRAF
• - • Pile 5. Finite clement
•*-Pilc5. APR.\F
* • • Pile 5. Finite eiennient
Piled raft uitder uniforrri
venicai loadings
Hinh 4 So sanh luc doc true trong coc Chieu sau tieu chuan
NprmajL'icd dtMancc x.'B,
Hinh 5: So sanh mdment doc theo mat citA-B trong be
NGUdl XAY DUNG SO THANG 8 - 2 0 1 0
 CACH UTNG xOr MONG BE - COC...

t(-2(i -tl. lu om U.ZO 0 Ml u.4y o.5ti -Hi>j»-

Piled mft linirr putni horizomal ^

^ . . a . - >.--fl----«|- •g:--1
kudiiip S/D = 3 i

[sm = 3^ —«•— AI'RAI ~«-APRAF -600

13 -
o Firviic element <* • Finite elemeni
—•— AHRvVI-
•-*-FiFviie elemeni
14
Si -ft*! -0 30 -020 ,BIO 00 U 10 a? o.a) 0.30 Ao40 0 K
r Piled rati subjected lo |
j uniform venicat loadings [ ••-••••
c: 16 SD
&
1 S/P = 5 1 4(»
IK '•'
600

Knrr

Normalised distance x/B,

Nonnaliscd diManLC » ^ ,
Hinh 6: So sanh do lun vdng doc theo mat cit A-B trong be
Hinh 8: So sanh mdment doc mat cit A-B trong be
ngay ca cdc khoang cdeh ege khdc nhau. Mdment
khac nhau nhiiu nhlt xay ra d quanh diu cgc tai la nhd horn 12%. Mdment uon trong cgc (MN.m)
dudng bien be va nhd han khoang 9%. IV. THAM S6 NGHIEN CU'U
Hlnh 6 ehi cho thIy su chuyen djch dge mat eat A- Vl du 1
B d dd be cgc ed the chju tai trgng thing dung hon Nhu so d l gh6p vao hlnh 10 nhdm 9 ege (3x3)
ntifa. Hinh ve chi ra ring giai phdp hien tai ding thuan duge dong sau chim trong Idp dlt ding nhlt (tl le
tuyet dii vdi phuang phdp phln td htiru han. Su khdc chieu sau dja tang d6i vdi ehilu dai ege gia thiit bing
nhau nhiiu nhlt nhd hon 1%. 10). Oai hoac be lien ket cdc diu ege dugc gia thiit thi
Su so sdnh giCra phuang phap hien thj va phuang edng tiip xuc vdi mat dlt nin hoac be hoi each ly mat
phdp phln td hiJru han ddi vdi be ege eo the chju tai dlt nen mot chilf'just clear of the ground", va be co
trgng ngang tap trung (xem Hinh 2) dugc bieu thj d the ed gidi han do mIm. HQ (khoang cdeh ciia mat be
Hlnh 7 din 9. Trudng hgp dii vdi khoang cdeh cgc S/D tinh td mat dlt nin) la HQ = 0.0 dii vdi be tiip xuc dlt
=3 da dugc phan tich. Td Hlnh 7 din 9 chi ra m6ment nin va HQ > 0.0 niu be hai tdch ly khoi mat nin.
trong cgc s i 1 va dii vdi cgc s6 5, mdment tai dge Ca hai trudng hgp chit tai da dugc kiem tra, trudc
mat elt A-B eiia be (moment la moment/tren dan vj tien vdi tai trgng ngang phan b l diu duge dp dung
ehilu dai theo hudng chit tai Mxx) va chuyen vj dge cho be (nhu chi sa d l ghep trong Hlnh 10) tiip theo
mat cat A-B tuong dng. Cd the quan sat thIy ring giai Id dii vdi tdi trgng dimg phan b l diu dugc dp dung
phdp hien tai c6 Idi giai ding thuan mot cdeh chat cho b§ (nhu chi d so d l ghep trong Hlnh 11).
che so vdi cdc phuomg phdp phln td htiu han vd o l i vdi trudng hgp chit tai ngang, do vdng ngang
trudng hgp moment trong be su khac nhau nhieu nhlt eiia be la u, tai cgc d giua be dugc danh diu tren sd
d l dang nghjeh dao luxx khdng thd nguyen bing Ksp
(Ksp = Ep/ Es) tl s i do edng cgc - dlt nin. Oli vdi
trudng hgp chat tai thing dUng chuyen vj thing ddng
(lun) ciia be uz tai cgc d giua b6 dugc ddnh diu tren
so d l cung dang nghjeh dao luzz khdng thd nguyen
bang ti sd do eiimg ege- dat nin. Chuyen vj chuan hoa
o • Pile i. Finite Element
luxx va luzz cd the bieu thi nhu sau:
- e — P i l e 1. APRAF

. i . - Pile 5_ Pintle ciement /..„ = (13)

- * — Pile 5. APRAF

ED
/.„, = (14)

Trong dd: Es la mddun dlt nin; D Id dudng kinh

ege, q^ vd q^ la tai trgng diimg va tai ngang; B^ va L, la
b l rgng va chieu dai be trong mat phlng (trudng hgp
be la vu6ng thi B, = L,).
He s i Poisson eua dlt nin lly bdng 0,499, tl s i do
Piled rafl under point horizonlal day eiia be so vdi dudng kinh cgc tr/D =1,17 va tl s i
I loadings S/D = 3 khoang cdeh ege vdi dudrig kinh cgc S/D = 5 (vdi
khoang cdeh td mep cgc s i mot din canh bien chu
vi be). TI s i modun be d6i vdi m6dun cgc Er/ Ep =
Hinh 7: So sanh mdment uon trong coc 1,12. o l i vdi trudng hgp chit tai trgng ngang, kit qua

NGUdl XAY DUNG SO THANG 8 - 2010

 CACH UfNG XUf MONG BE - COC...

Cung thIy dugc d i i u thii vj neu cdc cgc chju h l u

- APRAF
h i t tai trgng du Id be chju tai l l y vi du nhu xem xet d
• Finnc cicmcni
day. K i t qua phan tich duge trinh bdy d Hinh 12, nd
cho thIy ri ng p h l n tram tai trgng cgc chju giam trong
ea hai trudng hgp tai ddng va tai ngang khi modun
dan h6i dat n i n tang len.
Vl' du 2
Trong vi du nay, be-ege (4x4) 16 chju tai trgng
ngang ddng vdo n i n g I m 3 loai d l t khdc nhau nhu
chi tren Hinh 13 (dlt Gibson Esl / Es =0, d l t Banerjee
Piled raft under point horizontal |
loadings S/D = 3 Esl / Es =0,5 va d l t ddng nhlt Esl / Es =1, Esl la

Hmh 9: So sanh 66 lun - hudng z doc mat ck A-B cua be

U.IU •O • L/D =25. ofl gmund
- € — L / 0 = 25. on ground
•O • 170 = 25. off ground
- 9 — L/D - 25, on ground li- L/D =50, off ground
- A - L/D = 50. off ground A L/D = 50. on ground
••A--- lA") - 50, on ground
S/D = 5, E/E,,= I.12
\\ = 0.499
=E

9-pile raft under uruform

horizontal load, q.
i 1 i * 1
r 1 9-pilc raft under uniform
•Ho
1 vertical load CL,

1 ^"^
1 u.
= 5, E/E,= I.12
= 0.499
1 i L

lE+OI Ii;*<l2 \f.*iti lE-lM lE.t05 lEt<)6 It+fl? l.E*(ll l.E+02 I.Ei-0.1 1,E+(U l.E+05 I.E+fld l.E-rtl7

WM 70; PhUdng an chuyen vi ngang thdng thUdng vdi he so uon coc Hlnh 11: PhUdng an chuyen vi thing ddng tieu chuan vdi - tisd dd
cirng coc- dit
duac bleu thj tren Hlnh 10 (vdi chieu dai hai cgc
khac nhau), d dd cd the thay ri n g nhdng cgc trd nen - e — Under unllbrm horizonlal loading
ciing hon (Ksp tang) eo the hy vgng b i i n dang ngang * o • • under uniform vertical loading
giSm. Hinh anh cung ehi thay r i n g be se b i i n dang
nhieu hon n i u cgc ngan hon nhung ehi khi ege trd nen
edng hon. O l i vdi cgc u l n , ehilu dai cgc khdng anh
hudng d i n biin dang bdi vl do manh (tai LVD >25) ehilu
dai cgc Idn hon ehilu dai cue han va ehi ed p h l n d i u
ciia ege bj u l n . N I U mat be tdch khdi mat d l t n i n thi
biin dang be se Idn hon bdi vl mIt su ching ddeiia d l t S/D = 5
EyEp=1.12
nen len be ege. V, = 0.499
o i l vdi trudng hgp c h i t tai trgng ddng nhu chi tren
Hinh 11, chuyen vj t h i n g diimg (lun) uz tai vj tri ege d 9-pilc raft

tam be da duge tl le do eUng cgc - d l t n i n Ksp c h i n g

dd eho ca be va d l t n i n (Ho=0.0) va be vda each ly
khoi mat n i n (HQ > 0.0). O l i vdi ehilu dai ege kiem tra
(L7D= 25 va 50) ed the thIy ri n g do vong thing diimg
ciia nhdm thi khdng nhay cam l l m dii la mong tren _i
mat d l t n i n hay la each ly khdi mat n i n d i i vdi t i t ca
do edng cgc. Tuy vay do dai cgc khdng thiit k l ( c l u l.E+01 l.E+(K LE+03 l.E+04 l.E+05 l.E+y6 I.EiO?

tao) khac nhau, vdi ege dai hon lam giam bdt biin dang ^ P
nhom coc. .... „. . , Hlnh 12: Phin tram tai trong do cgc chiu vdi - tisd do edng coc- dit

N G U d l XAY DUNG SO THANG 8 - 2 0 1 0


mddun dan hdi d l t tai mat nen dat vd Es la mddun
dan hdi d l t tai mui ege) da dugc kiem tra. Ti s i eua
mddun be cgc d i i vdi mddun ege duge gia thiit Er/ Ep
= 1,0 va tl s i khoang each cgc (S/D) duge chgn bdng
6. TI s i Poisson eua d l t n i n l l y b i n g 0,35 vd M6dun
dan h i i d l t dudi mui cgc dugc gia thiit hIng s6. 061
vdi loai d l t Banerjee M6dun dan h i i tai mat n i n l l y
b i n g nda m6dun d l t tai mui ege. Nhumg th6ng s i dae
trung chinh khdc da sd dung trong vi du nay nhu ehi
trong Hinh 14. Phuang trinh 14 dugc sd dung cho
chuyen vj ngang th6ng thudng d i i vdi be cgc n I m
trong 3 loai d l t nhu trudc day. Le ra phai ghi chii rang
M6dun ciia dat nen tai mtii cgc, Es, da duge dung
trong phuong trinh (14). Ket qua d i i vdi be ege
chuyen vj ngang tieu chuan Idn nhlt trong d l t Gibson
va nho nhlt trong d l t d6ng nhlt. Vdi do eiimg cgc tang
len, chuyen vj cua be cgc trong d l t Gibson se bj giam
ddng ke. Vi du nay chi cho thIy ri n g phuong phdp
hien tai dua tren ly thuyet Idp htiru han eo the giai
E.,= 0
CACH UfNG XUf MONG BE - COC...
quyet bai todn vdi d l t n i n ma d dd do edng d l t nen
CO the thay doi theo ehilu sau hoac td Idp nay sang
Idp khdc.
V. KET LUAN
Phuong phdp trinh bay tren day n h I m phan tich
cdeh irng xd be - cgc xay dung trong d l t dan h i i . So
sdnh Idi giai phuang phap hien tai vdi phucmg phap
phan td htiru han da dugc c h i p nhan trudc day cho
thay ring k i t qua d i n g thuan hoan toan v l noi luc
trong cgc, m6ment trong be & ege va chuyen vi trong
be - vd nhdm 9 cgc cd the chiu tai trgng ddng hoac
luc ngang. O i l u dd chdng minh r i n g ngay ca dudi
dang tai trgng tong quat thi phuomg phdp hien tai co
kha nang sd dung d l phan tich be n I m tren nhom coc
cd the t i i p xuc mat n i n (dai thip) hoac be cdeh li
khdi mat n i n (dai cao). Cung ed the sd dung cho bai
todn ma mddun d l t n i n thay doi theo ehilu sau hoac
thay doi td Idp nay d i n Idp khdc. Hon niJa phuang
phap hien tai cd uu t h i tap hgp thdng tin d l dang va
bao gdm mang ludi kh6ng rgng nhu giai phdp phln tir
hGru han yeu c l u . U

Tai lieu tham khao

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Hinh 13: Md dun cho 3 loai dit da kiem tra trong vidu 2
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NGUdl XAY DUNG SO THANG 8-2010