The previous two methods are useful and applicable for cargoes the density for which changes

proportionally with temperature.

1. Density at 15 Deg C and ASTM table to use

 These methods are mostly used for calculation of chemical cargoes.
 ASTM tables give the Volume correction factors (VCF) to find the volumes at temperature
for which the density is given.
 Let us say cargo surveyor provided the density at 15 deg C as 0.816 and ASTM table 54B to
be used.
 But for petroleum products and crude oils, ASTM tables are used for calculating cargo
weights.
 So first we need to find the VCF from ASTM table 54 for temperature 34 Deg C.

STABILITY IN SPLIT HOPPER BARGES

FUNDAMENTS

The study must be carried out taking into account the following phenomena that occur as the ship is heeling:

The free surface of the cargo does not remain parallel to the surface of the sea but acquires an inclination
with respect to it that is governed by certain laws, explainable by a mathematical formula.

For a certain value of the heel, as the tank is open, spills of the cargo will occur.

When spills occur, the ship will displace less, which will decrease the draft.

Heel continues to increase and it may happen that the ship puts the coaming of the hatch below the surface
of the sea, so that water will be introduced into the tank.

In addition, when loading spills, water can be introduced into the tank, which will result in a free surface with
its effect of decreasing stability.

When the ship sails in the ballast condition, the lower closures of the tank, if they exist, are not watertight so
the hold is completely filled with water, up to the level of the ship's water plane.

To reproduce in some way all these phenomena:

1º.- The principle of superposition of effects will be applied:

2. Basics of cargo calculations
 First measure ullage (or sounding) of the tanks.
 Also measure the temperature of the cargo preferably at three levels.
 Now we get the volumes for each of these tanks for the corrected ullage and this will the
volume at the observed temperature (Remember volume changes with temperature).
 As the volume changes with the temperature, this cannot be the measure of how much
cargo we have loaded or discharged.

3. Density at a particular temperature and correction factor

 Density correction factor: 0.0006 per Deg C
 This means that at every degree rise in temperature, the density would decrease by 0.0006.

Example:
Density Table