CRITICAL BOOK REPORT

“GENERAL PHYSICS”

SUPPORTING LECTURER :
Dr. Akhafi M. Siregar, M.Si

Written by :

Anayosi Br Ginting
4183322002

PHYSICS DEPARTEMENT
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCES
STATE UNIVERSITY OF MEDAN
2018

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 INTRODUCTION
Praise and thank you I pray for the presence of God Almighty because of His blessings,
mercy and grace I can finish this critical book review paper on time. I also thank Dr. Alkhafi M.
Siregar, M.Sc, as a lecturer in the Basic Physics course for guidance and advice in completing
this paper.
I am also fully aware that in this task there are shortcomings and far from perfect words.
Therefore, I expect criticism, suggestions and suggestions for improvements that I will make in
the future, considering that nothing is perfect without constructive advice.
In the end let me say thank you. Hopefully this paper is useful and can increase
knowledge for readers.

Medan, 15 November 2018

Anayosi Br Ginting

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION........................................................................................ 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………........................................... 3
BAB. 1 PRELIMINARY................................................................................. 4
1.1 Background....................................................................................... 4
1.2 Writing purpose...................................................................................... 5
1.3 The benefits of writing........................................................................... 5
CHAPTE. 2 CONTENT OF THE BOOK........................................................ 6
2.1 Main Book....................................................................................... 6
2.2 Compare Book.................................................................................10
CHAPTER. 3 DISCUSSION.......................................................................... 13
3.1 Discussion …………………………………………..............................13
3.2 Excellence of Books............................................................................ 14
3.3 Weakness of Books............................................................................. 14
CHAPTER. 4 COVER.................................................................................... 15
4.1 Conclusion...................................................................................... 16
4.2 Suggestion........................................................................................... 16
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................... 17

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 CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background

A rigid object can rotate / rotate if the object is carried out by a force that does not pass
through the center of mass / shaft of rigid objects. The force that can cause an object to rotate is
called the moment of force or torque. The coupling moment is the moment of a rigid object
which can cause the rigid object to move in rotation but cannot cause the rigid object to move
translate. The coupling moment is caused by a pair of forces on an object which is always the
same size at all points. In translational motion, mass is a quantity that expresses the size of the
inertia of an object. Whereas in rotational motion, the magnitude to express the inertia size of an
object analogous to mass is the moment of inertia which is the product of particle mass with the
square of the distance of the particle to its rotational axis / axis.
In rotational motion, a quantity analogous to the momentum in translational motion is
angular momentum. The amount of angular momentum possessed by a rotating object depends
on the moment of inertia and the angular velocity that the object has. Angular momentum is the
product of the moment of inertia with angular velocity.
With the term rigid object, what is meant is an object that has a certain shape that does
not change, so that the forming particles are in a position that is relatively relative to each other.
Of course, any real object can vibrate or change shape when worn in style. But this effect is often
small, so the ideal concept of rigid objects is very useful as a good approach. The motion of rigid
objects can be analyzed as translational motion from its center of mass, plus rotational motion
around the center of mass. Rigid objects are a system of objects consisting of a point system
whose juncture is infinite and if there is a force acting on it, the distance between each of these
points does not change. Therefore an object is said to be a vibrating object if the object does not
experience changes in shape or changes in volume due to the influence of a working force. Firm
objects are generally solid objects. In the discussion of the paper Rotational Dynamics, it no
longer treats objects as a single point or particle but a particle system. Rigid objects are a very
large collection of particles that form a rigid body system.
In this paper I will criticize two books with the same chapter namely "Dynamics of
Rotation" where the two books are "General Physics I by Prof. Drs. Motlan Ph.d and Drs.

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Jurubahasa Sinuraya, M.Pd as the main book and "Physics Fifth Edition Volume I by Giancoli".
The purpose of making this paper is to fulfill the Critical Book Report assignment for the basic
subjects of heat mechanics.
1.2 Writing purpose
1. To find out the rigid object rotation kinematics

2. To find out the meaning of the momentum of style and the moment of angles.

3. To find out the formulas used in the topic of rotation dynamics.

4. To fulfill the task of a Critical Book Report course on basic chemical concepts.

1.3 The benefits of writing

So that readers understand and understand how to criticize two books and can understand the
topic of rotational dynamics.

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 CHAPTER II
CONTENT OF THE BOOK

1.1 Main Book

Book Identity
1. Book Title : General Physics 1
2. Author : Prof. Drs. Motlan, M.Sc., Ph.d dan Drs. Jurubahasa
Sinuraya, M.Pd
3. Publisher : Unimed Press, Medan
4. Mold : Second
5. Number of pages: 186 pages
A. preliminary
The force acting on rigid objects allows the object :
 Move translation (shift)Bergerak rotasi (berputar)

• Move with a combination of rotational and translation movements (rotating while sliding)
The particle system is divided into two types, namely discrete particle systems and
continuous distributed particle systems.
B. Firm Object Kinematics
The relationship between angular motion and linear motion
Circular velocity formula. V = r. w
Vector is written: v = w. r for angular acceleration and linear acceleration:
ar = dv / dt = r. dw / dt or ar = r.α are vector written: ar = a.r or aT = at = v2 / r = rw2
Vector ar = w.r or a = √aT2 + ar2 = r √α2 + w2
C. Moment of Style and Angular Momentum for Style Moment Particles
In translational motion, the force acting on a particle is related to the linear
acceleration of a particle known as Newton's second law (F = m.a). In rotational motion
there is one physical quantity which is related to the acceleration of the angle of the
rotating particle. The magnitude that is intended is the moment of force, also called
torque or torque.
Moment of force = r. F where r = position vector (N.m), F = style (N) The
magnitude of the force moment is determined by the following mathematical equation.

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 Moment of force = r.F sin ө
With ө is the flange angle between the position vector r and the force vector F.
While the direction of the moment of this force corresponds to the forward direction of
the right screw when rotated and the direction of r ruju F through the knotted angle.
It should be noted that:
• The moment of style is defined only when the axis is determined.
• The magnitude of d = r = r sin ө is called the force arm F.
• Besran d is a perpendicular line from the axis of rotation to the work line F.
D. Corner moment
Particles with mass m move with velocity v and position relative to 0 is r having
angular momentum to point 0 which is defined as the motion of particles in a circle
fingered r with angular velocity (ang) w denoted as L, and expressed as:
L = r.p = r. mv
This equation can be expressed in a scalar form:
L = mvr = mr2w = Iw
Furthermore, from Newton's second law, it is stated that the relationship between changes
in linear momentum and external forces is expressed as F = dp / dt, the two segments we
multiply by vector so that r is obtained:
Moment of force (vector) = r. F = dL / dt
If this equation is substituted with the previous equation, it is obtained:
Moment of force = Iα
Law of conservation of angular momentum.
I1w1 = I2w2
E. Rotational Kinetic Energy
Particle kinetic energy is the amount of kinetic energy of the particles that make
up the system. If the mass of a particle is m1 and the distance from the center of rotation
is r1, then the kinetic energy is: Ek = ½ m1v12. All particles of the object have the same
angular velocity, so they can be written v1 = r1.w so that : Ek1 = ½ mi. ri2. w2.
Thus the kinetic energy of rigid object rotation can be written :
Ek = ½ Iw2

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 Some moments of object inertia to the rotation axis are :
Nu Name Moment of Inertia
1 The stem is thin against the axis I = M l2/2
towards the center and perpendicular
to its length.
2 The stem is thin against the axis I = M l3/3
through one end and perpendicular to
its length.
3 Thin ring against the cylinder axis. I = M R2
4 Thin ring against one of its diameters I = M R2/2
5 The cylinder is solid against the I = M R2/2
cylinder axis
6. Hollow cylinder (or ring) against the I = M/2 (R12 + R22)
cylinder axis.
7. Solid cylinder (or disc) against the I = M R2/4 + M/1
center diameter.
8. Thin ring against one of the tangent I = 3 M R2/2
lines.

9. Solid ball against one of its I = 2M R2/5

diameters.
10. The skin of the ball is thin against I = 2M R2/3
one of its diameters.

Analog Motion Translation and Rotational Motion

Straight Motion Circular motion
Transfer x Angular ө
Displacement
Speed v=dx/dt The angular velocity w=dө/dt
Acceleration a=dv/dt Angle acceleration α=dw/dt
Mass of inertia m Humidity of rotation I
(inersia)
Style F = m.a Style moment t = Iα
Try W =F.dx
Kinetic energy Ek = ½ mv2 Kinetic energy Ek = ½ I w2
Power P = F.v Power P = t.w
Linear Momentum P = m.v Angular momentum l = Iw

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2.2 Compare Book

Book Identity

1. Book Title : Volume 1 Physics

2. Author : Douglas C.Giancoli
3. Publisher : Erlangga
4. Prints : Fifth
5. Number of pages : 132 pages

a. Magnitude of angle.
A point on an object moves through an angle θ when traveling the distance l
measured along the circumference of the circular path. Angles are usually expressed in
degrees, but the math of circular motion is much easier if radians are used as measures of
angles. One radians (rad) are defined as angles whose edges are connected by arcs whose
length is equal to a radius. The arc with length l is said to "connect" the angle θ. If l = r,
then θ is exactly 1 rad. In general, each shrinkage dengan is stated by:
l
θ=
r
where r is the radius of the circle, and l is the length of the arc that connects the
ends of the angle dinyatakan expressed in radians. One radians is 360 ° / 2π = 360 ° / 6.28
= 57.3 °.
Angular velocity is defined by its analogy to ordinary linear velocities. The average
angular velocity (denoted by kecil lowercase letters of the omega Greek alphabet) is
defined as:
∆θ
ώ =
∆t
where ∆θ is the angle through which the object in rotation during the time ∆t. we
define the instantaneous angular velocity as a very small angle. Angular velocity is
usually expressed in radians per second.
Angular acceleration, by analogy to ordinary linear acceleration, is defined as a
change in angular velocity divided by the time required for this change to occur. If an
object rotates with angular velocity ω, the direction is tangent to the circular path. So,
even though ω is the same for each point on an object which rotates at any time, the
linear velocity v is greater for points farther away from the axis.
The acceleration of the angle α is related to the tangential linear acceleration of the
particles on the rotating object. The centripental acceleration is large if you are farther
away from the axis of rotation. Angular velocity ω with rotation frequency f, where
frequency means the number of turns per second. One rotation (of a wheel) corresponds
to an angle of 2π radians, and thus 1put / s = 2π rad / s.

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b. Kinematics Equations for Regularly Accelerated Rotational Movements.
The definition of angular velocity and angular acceleration is equal to linear
velocity and acceleration, except that θ replaces linear displacement x, ω replaces v, and α
replaces a. .

c. Rolling Movement.
Rolling without slippage can be analyzed immediately and depends on static
friction between objects rolling and the floor. Friction is static because the contact points
of objects that roll with the floor are at rest at all times. Non-skid scrolling involves
rotation and translation. But there is a simple relationship between the linear velocity v,
the wheel axis and the angular velocity ω of the wheel or ball rolling, that is v = r imana
where r is the radius, and v remains the same as the rate of translation of the center of the
wheel.

d. torque.
To make an object begin to rotate around the axis, it is clear that the force is
needed. But the direction of this style, and where it is given is also important. Angular
acceleration is directly proportional to the force times with the force arm. The result this
time is about the force around the axis, or more commonly called torque. Defines the
force arm as the perpendicular distance that crosses to the force line of force that is, the
distance perpendicular to the axis of rotation and the imaginary line that moves along the
direction of force.
Another but equivalent way to determine the torque associated with force is to
decompose the force into small components and perpendicular to the line that connects
the force of the force on the axis. Because torque is the distance multiplied by force, it is
measured in units of m.N in SI + units, cm. dyne on the cgs system, and ft.Ib in the
English system. When more than one torque works on an object, the acceleration α turns
out to be directly proportional to the total torque.

e. Dynamics of Rotation, Torque and Inertia (Humidity) Rotation.

This is related to Newton's second law for translational motion, a ∝ ∑τ, but here
torque replaces force and in relation to angular acceleration a replaces linear acceleration
a. in the linear case, acceleration is not only directly proportional to total force, but also
inversely proportional to the inertia of an object, which we call mass m. The torque
resulting in angular acceleration is τ = rF expressed in τ = mr2α. The quantity of mr2
refers to the rotational inertia of a particle and is called the moment of inertia. If the mass
is concentrated further than the axis of rotation, total inertia is greater. For rotational
motion, the mass of an object cannot be considered concentrated in the center of its mass.

f. Rotational Kinetic Energy.

The value of 1 / 2mv2 is the kinetic energy of objects that experience translational
motion. The object rotating on an axis is said to have rotational kinetic energy. By
analogy to Ektranlasi, we expect this quantity to be expressed in 1/2 Iω2 where I is the
moment of inertia of the object and ω is the angular velocity. The unit is joule, as for
other energies. An object that has a temporary rotation, its mass center has a translation

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 will have both translation and rotation.
g. Angular momentum and eternity.
The linear momentum p = mv, has a rotation analogy. This magnitude is called
angular momentum, L, and for an object that rotates around a fixed axis, expressed by L
= I where I is the moment of inertia, and ω is the angular velocity, the SI unit for L is
kg.m / s2.
Angular momentum is an important concept in physics, because at certain
conditions this momentum is an eternal quantity. The total torque on ∑τ on a zero-value
object, then ∆L / ∆t is zero. Thus, this is the law of conservation of angular momentum
for objects that rotate:
  "The total angular momentum in an rotating object is constant if the total torque
acting on it is zero".
The law of conservation of angular momentum is one of the most important conservation
laws in physics.
If there is a total zero torque that works on an object, and the object rotates on a
fixed axis or axis through its PM, so that the direction does not change. I0 and ω0 are
moments of inertia and angular velocity, respectively around the axis at the beginning (t =
0), and I and ω are the values at the other time. Because Iω angular momentum remains
constant, if it decreases, the angular velocity ω must increase.

h. Vector Properties of Angular Magnitude.

The linear speed of the different particles on the wheel points in different directions. The
only unique direction in the space associated with rotation is along the axis of rotation,
perpendicular to the actual direction of motion. Thus we select the rotation axis as the direction
of the angular velocity vector, ω. Actually, there is still obscurity because ω can point to which
direction along the axis of rotation. The rule we use, called the right hand rule, is when the right
hand finger is looped to the rotation axis and points to the direction of rotation, the thumb is
pointing towards ω.
If the wheel rotates clockwise, then ujuk refers to the opposite direction, downward. If
the axis of rotation is fixed, then ω can only change in size. It means that α = ∆ω / ∆t must also
have a direction along the axis of rotation. If ω decreases, α points down. If the rotation is
clockwise, α will point down if ω increases, and point up if ω decreases.
Angular momentum, like linear momentum, is a vector quantity. The vector properties of
angular momentum can be used to explain a number of interesting phenomena.

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 CHAPTER III

DISCUSSION

3.1 Discussion

1. Main Book

a. Linkages between subsections

The linkages between the sub-sections discussed in this book are very related and
carefully discussed. The description of the formulas from this book is also interrelated.

b. Material deepening

The material discussed in this book is complete but the words used in explaining the
material are very complicated and difficult to understand

c. Formulation

The formulas described in this book are complete even though there are some formulas
that do not have the meaning of symbolizing the formula.

d. Picture Explanation

In this book there are several explanations of the picture but in deepening the explanation
is still small.

1. Compare Book

a. Linkages between subsections

The discussion of the material discussed in this book is interconnected and very closely
related.

b. Material Deepening

The material discussed in this book is very detailed and clear

c. Formulation

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 formulation described in this book is very detailed and detailed.

d. Picture Explanation

In this book there are many additional images in explaining the material so that it is easier
for the reader to understand the purpose of the material discussed.

3.2 Excellence of Books

A. Main Book

 Complete material description

 Material discussed sequentially
 Explanation of material that is quite deep
 There are several sample questions
 There are several picture illustrations

B. Compare Book

 Detailed and complete description of material

 The material discussed in this book is sequential
 The material explanation is very deep
 Using language that is easy to understand
 There are sample questions
 The illustrations are many

3.3 Kelemahan Buku

A. Main Idea

 The number of words (using language) is difficult to understand

 At least a picture illustration
 There are a number of errors in writing material...

B. Compare Book

 There are several languages that are difficult to understand

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  At least sample questions
 More material translation through words than the formula

CHAPTER IV
COVER
4. 1 Conclusion

When a rigid object rotates around a fixed axis, each point on the object moves in a circular path.
Lines drawn perpendicular to the axis of rotation to various points on objects will form the same
angle setiap at each time interval. For simplicity, angles are expressed in radians, where one
radians are angles connected by arcs whose length is equal to a radius. Angular velocity (w), is
defined as the change in angle position. All rigid parts rotate around the axis which still have the
same angular velocity at the moment. Rotational dynamics are analogous to linear motion
dynamics. The force is replaced by torque, which is defined as the product of the force with the
force of force (the perpendicular distance from the force work line to the axis of rotation). The
mass is replaced by the moment of inertia, I, which depends not only on the mass of the object,
but also on how the mass is distributed around the axis of rotation. Linear acceleration is
replaced by angular acceleration.
Of the two books that I read and I criticized, a decent book as a reference is the General
Physics book I by Prof. Drs. Motlan, M.Sc., Ph.d and Drs. Jurubahasa Sinuraya, M.Pd because
the language used is easy to understand. Not that the Physics Book Volume I by Douglas C.
Giancoli is not feasible, only needs to be updated on the language used in the book. All books
that have been published, are considered appropriate as references.

4.2 Suggestion
For writers, it is hoped that in writing in the future, he will pay attention to several factors
that support book writing.
For the readers, both of these books are very good to be used as references in learning,
especially rotation dynamics.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY
Giancoli,Douglas C,2001. Fisika Edisi Kelima Jilid 1. Jakarta:Erlangga.

Motlan dan Sinuraya,Jurubahasa,2016. Fisika Umum 1 . Medan:Universitas Negeri Medan Press.

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