Introduction Tobacco smoking continues to be a major cause of death and disability worldwide

and a major contributor to inequalities in health. The extent of the public health threat posed by
smoking cigarettes stems from two factors: (1) the prevalence of smoking cigarettes is so high
and (2) smoking has so many deadly effects on health. People say they use tobacco for a variety
of reasons— such as stress relief, pleasure or social conditions.

Causes of Smoking Nicotine is the most important addictive in cigarettes and other tobacco
forms. Nicotine is a drug that affects your body in many parts, including your brain. Over time,
your body and brain become accustomed to nicotine. Approximately 80–90% of people who
smoke regularly have nicotine addiction. Within 10 seconds of entering your body, nicotine
reaches your brain. It releases adrenaline to the brain, creating a buzz of pleasure and energy. But
the buzz fades quickly. Then you may feel tired or slightly down, and maybe you want that buzz
again. Your body can build up a high nicotine tolerance, so you have to smoke more cigarettes to
get the same buzz. This cycle occurs over and over. This leads to addiction. If people do not
smoke, they may have symptoms of withdrawal. That's because their bodies get used to not
having nicotine. Symptoms of withdrawal may include:

 Feeling sad or down

 Difficulty in sleeping
 Feeling annoyed‚ on the edge
 Having trouble thinking and focusing clearly
 Feel agitated and jumpy
 Slower heart rate
 Feeling hungry or weight gaining

Why do people smoke? People smoke as a result of a formed habit, to socialize or feel among, to
boost their ego or cover-up their inferiority complex etc. Some people smoke because their
colleagues, friends, siblings or parents smoke. The main reason people smoke is addiction, but
that is not the only reason. Many people smoke because they have learned how to cope with the
symptoms of post - traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), negative moods and everyday stress. Many
smokers start in teenage years or early adulthood. During the early stages, a combination of
perceived pleasure and the desire to respond to social peer pressure can offset the unpleasant
symptoms of initial use, which typically include nausea and coughing. After a person has
smoked for a few years, the avoidance of withdrawal symptoms and negative reinforcement are
the main motivations to continue. A study of students ' first smoking experiences found that
cigarette advertisements are the most common factor that leads students to smoke. Smoking by
parents, siblings and friends also encourages students to smoke. Apart from these reasons
sometimes smokers are desperate to smoke and in that situation they do not tend to care about
their surroundings unless there is someone closely related to family and in some cases they do
not care at all and they just go for their desire to smoke and take the most awaited pleasure.
Preventive measures to eliminate smoking from our society should be taken because every action
taken by an individual has an impact on society as a whole. Smoking has its own economic,
social and health effects. Speaking of the economic effect, imagine a family man earning a salary
of 1,000 a day. He buys a pack of cigarettes for 200. And yet he will budget an equal sum if not
less for the upkeep of his family. However, if he saved 200 for a whole year every day, we know
how much better his financial status will be.

Effects of Smoking in Public Passive smoking is the inhalation of smoke, called second-hand
smoke (SHS). Secondhand smoke has serious adverse health implications. Nobody cares what
you do to your own body personally, although the teacher would advise you to leave for your
own good. Some people care that chain smoker’s behavior affects other people's health. Unlike
other self - indulgent behaviors, such as fast food or alcohol, second - hand smoke is not unique
to the participant. The negative effects of smoking in public have a tangible, measurable and
sometimes permanent impact on other people's lives. While fast food is likely to be harmful to
the individual for every meal or excessive alcohol consumption, the negative effects on others
are minimal. Some may argue that eating too much fast food can lead to earlier deaths and the
associated increased medical care costs are a burden for the taxpayer. Although probably true,
the link between second- hand smoke and health is weaker, less immediate and less measurable.

Secondhand smoke exposure is clearly linked to negative health outcomes. While the exact
degree of harm is debatable, a recent study published in the medical journal Circulation reviewed
13 studies from around the world and found that the prohibition of smoking in public places can
reduce hospitalizations with heart attacks by up to 36 percent over time, regardless of geography.
Clearly, it is becoming increasingly difficult to conclude that second- hand smoke does not cause
a measurable breathing injury, especially over time. For decades, scientific evidence linking
second- hand smoke to heart disease and cancer has grown. The effects of temporary smoke
exposure are also well documented, including headaches, respiratory problems and even nausea.
The conclusion is that second- hand smoke has many short- and long- term consequences for
non-smoking people. The lingering scent of cigarettes, many people find the smell of cigarettes
unpleasant and annoying in bars and restaurants and other establishments that allow smoking.
Cigarette smoke tends to linger on the clothes and hair of people and even after the offending
party has left, it takes longer to fade. Clothes worn at a smoky bar may smell like smoke some
days later. In workplaces where public smoking is allowed, that environment is not healthy for
non-smoking coworker and they are in risk of getting sick more than the others. Smoking hurts
you and those you love. Medical experts in the field of health state that smoking is very bad for
body organs. People who smoke develop lung cancer, colon cancer, brain cancer, and so on.

Over time, second- hand smoke has been linked to serious non- smoking health problems:

 Cancer of the lung in people who never smoked.

 More likely, someone will have a heart attack ‚ and will die early.
 Respiratory problems such as coughing ‚ wheezing and shortness of breath.

Secondhand smoke is especially dangerous for children, babies, and women who are pregnant:

 Mothers who breathe second- hand smoke more likely to have babies with low birth
weight during pregnancy.
 Babies who breathe secondhand smoke have more lung infections than other babies after
birth.
 Second- hand smoking causes more frequent and severe attacks on children who already
have asthma.
 Children exposed to second- hand smoke are more likely to develop bronchitis,
pneumonia and ear infections and are at increased risk for sudden infant death syndrome
(SIDS).
Conclusion Socially, smoking cigarettes leads to emotional instability, which can affect
relationships between smokers and others. The only way to protect non- smokers completely
against the dangers of second- hand smoke is not to allow them to smoke inside. Separating
smokers from non- smokers (such as sections "no smoking" in restaurants) ‚ cleaning the air
‚ and airing out buildings does not eliminate second- hand smoke. The best thing we can do to
prevent second- hand smoke from our family is to stop smoking. Soon we get rid of their
exposure to second- hand smoke in our home and in our car and reduce it wherever we go.
Keeping our house and car smoke- free because children breathe second- hand smoke more at
home than anywhere else. The same applies to many adults. Allowing nobody to smoke in our
home or in our car and these things reduces the quantity of second- hand smoke in our family,
help you quit and stay smoke- free, lowers our child's chance of becoming a smoker. Each
cigarette smoked cuts an average of at least five minutes of life for the time it takes to smoke.
Someone dies of tobacco use every eight seconds. Don't start if you don't smoke. Stop it, if you
smoke! Tell someone!
Reference

https://www.richmondregister.com/news/lifestyles/reasons-to-ban-smoking-in-public-
places/article_f0830ffb-2986-5232-99aa-c77c61a2fb01.html

https://smokefree.gov/quit-smoking/why-you-should-quit/secondhand-smoke

https://www.webmd.com/smoking-cessation/effects-of-secondhand-smoke