IELTS Reading 5

UNIT 1
The Problem of Fire Ironed Out
 Vocabulary
• Paragraph A
- Fossil fuel (n): nhiên liệu hóa thạch
- Soot (n): muội than, bồ hóng
- Additive (n): chất phụ gia
- Drastically (adv): mạnh mẽ
 What is Paragraph A about?
 Vocabulary
• Paragraph B
- Refine (v): lọc, tinh luyện
- Combustion (n): sự cháy
 What is Paragraph B about?
 Vocabulary
• Paragraph C
- Chamber (n): buồng, phòng
- Efficiency (n): hiệu quả
- Snag (n): khó khăn, trở ngại đột xuất
 What is Paragraph C about?
 Vocabulary
• Paragraph D
- Alleviate (v): giảm bớt
- Molecule (n): phân tử
- Bind/bound/bound (v): gắn vào
- Dissolve (v): hòa tan, phân hủy
 What is Paragraph D about?
 Vocabulary
• Paragraph E
- Deposit (v): đặt
- Volatile (a): dễ bay hơi
- Exodus (n): sự di cư, rời đi
- Disintegrate (v): tan rã, phân hủy
 What is Paragraph E about?
 Vocabulary
• Paragraph F
- Substance (n): chất
- Dose (n): liều lượng
 What is Paragraph F about?
 Vocabulary
• Paragraph G
- Yield (n): năng suất, sản lượng
- Coarse (a): thô
- Virtually (adv): thật sự, gần như
- Maintenance (n): bảo trì
 What is Paragraph G about?
 Vocabulary
• Paragraph H
- Plant (n): nhà máy
- Furnace (n): lò nung, buồng đốt
- Satanic (a): xấu xa, tệ hại
 What is Paragraph H about?
 Questions 1-7
1. Paragraph B
...reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide...
...Small, unburnt particles of fuels always escape...
These particles contain cancer-causing chemicals...
 (i) Where the harmful particles come from
 Questions 1-7
2. Paragraph C
There is a standard fix for this... But there is a snag.
...in this case producing the nitrogen oxides that
help cause acid rain...
...emissions of soot and smog go down but NOX
emissions go up...
 (xi) The side-effect of one solution
 Questions 1-7
3. Paragraph D
...The molecule acts as a carrier for the iron, letting
it dissolve in... When sprayed into a flame..
Carbonex makes it burn more efficiently...
 (xii) Increase engine efficiency – how it works
 Questions 1-7
4. Paragraph E
...It seems to work at two points during burning...
...Carbonex appears to speed up the exodus...
...Carbonex also seems to lower the temperature at
which these compounds burn...
 (vii) It is a two-way process
 Questions 1-7
5. Paragraph F
...Iron was picked for Carbonex because it is non-
toxic and very effective even in small doses.
 (viii) Iron is the best
 Questions 1-7
6. Paragraph G
...it reduced emissions of particles from diesel
engines...
...When tested in a light-fuel-oil industrial burner...
 (iv) Carbonex works with more than one fossil
fuel
 Questions 1-7
7. Paragraph H
...The real need for his invention...is in plants...
...Farewell to those dark satanic mills.
 (iii) Carbonex is ideal for factories
 Questions 8-12
When fossil fuels burn, they produce elements that
pollute the air, worsen the greenhouse effect,
acid rain
and cause (8)......................
Paragraph A:…unfortunately, they give off plenty of
other things...smog and soot,...greenhouse
effect and ...that help to make acid rain.
 Questions 8-12
incomplete
To alleviate the problem of (9)......................
combustion which produces particles and
NOX
(10)......................
Paragraph C:
…To reduce the problem of incomplete burning...
...in this case producing the nitrogen oxides
(NOX)...
 Questions 8-12
...a Canadian scientist invented Carbonex which is
before
blended with the fuel (11)...................... it burns.
Paragraph D:
…The molecule acts as a carrier for the iron, letting
it dissolve in organic liquids like oil and petrol.
When sprayed into a flame at...
 Questions 8-12
hydrocarbon
...The iron atoms, carried by (12).........................
molecules which are the base of Carbonex...
Paragraph D:
…The active ingredient is a hydrocarbon molecule
to which an iron atom is bound.
 Questions 8-12
...The statistics show that it works better with
industrial burners than with
(13)...................
vehicle
(14)................... engines.
Paragraph G: …The researchers found that it
reduced emissions of particles from diesel
engines by 43%...When tested in a light-fuel-oil
industrial burner... by 67%...
 Questions 8-12
...Not only does Carbonex reduce particle and NOX
emissions and increase energy output, it
(15)...................,
inside
also helps to make the (16).................. of engine
cleaner,...
Paragraph G:
…it reduced NOX emissions by 25%.
In addition to reducing NOX... Carbonex cut the
amount of soot left behind in combustion
chambers, and so...
 THE END
Thanks for your attention!